Tajikistan Tajikistan: j

Tajikistan
Tajikistan:
j
:
•ICARDA / IFAD project: “Improving of livelihood
of small farmer households and rural women
through valuevalue-added processing and export of
cashmere, wool and mohair” Ishkashim district,
B d kh h region
Badakhshan
i off T
Tajikistan
jiki t
Part 1 " Breeding goats
goats, improving the quality of fluff".
•Ishkashim district, Badakhshan region of Tajikistan
•Executor: Ikromov F.М.,
Davlatov H.,
Davlatkadamov К.
Bi hk k 13-14.05.2013
Bishkek–
13 14 0 2013
Pamir – the highest peak in the world
ICARDA:
Project site: Djamoat
Ishkashim district,
district Badakhshan region of Tajikistan
ƒ The aim of the project is to find
the additional sources of income for
the rural population, and to attract
rural population, farmers to the
production
d ti and
d processing
i off goatt
wool and fluff, through:
ƒ improving the quality of fluff by
breeding goats
goats..
ƒ value
value--added chain, raw material
processing, export of cashmere and
wool
ICARDA - Badakhshan:
Badakhshan:
Project Objectives: 1.
1 Working with animals
for breeding goats:
-scheduling of breeding goats, delivery of
goats of Altai breed from Russian
Federation;
Federation
-nucleus formation – female goat and
evaluation, a description of the main goats;
- selective mating
gg
goats in the g
group
p
Nucleus;
-the provision of veterinary services in the
experimental plot;
- Registration,
Registration evaluation,
evaluation description of the
offspring from the use of goats of Altai
breed;
- The selection of a sample of wool from
goats of different age groups on sites and
villages, and their further evaluation (in
international laboratories);
Training for farmers on management in
goat breeding
breeding.
Achievements
ƒ
The project covers five villages in Jamoat vill., Ishkoshim district of GBAO. Population ‐2572, including:
GBAO. Population 2572, including:
Haskhorog‐‐261 Haskhorog
261 ‐‐32 families
Andarob 437‐
Andarob 437‐56,
Dasht 296
Dasht 296‐‐37,
Snib 265‐
Snib 265
265‐37, 155
37, 155‐
155‐19 Davloh,
19 Davloh,
Garmchashma‐‐620
Garmchashma
620‐‐86,
ƒ
There was additional advisory work in the villages:
the villages:
Syst ‐‐289
Syst 289‐‐37, Kukhi lal 37, Kukhi lal ‐‐ 245
245‐‐30.
Join efforts of project executors to raise
Join efforts of project executors to raise the number of farmers and rural women in the production and processing of goat wool and fluff;
Development
Development of a group of enterprising of a group of enterprising
women for the collection, evaluation, processing of goat fluff, the production of handicrafts;
a group of farmers, for the breeding to improve the productivity of goats, goat management.
Import of breeding goats
from the Russian Federation
Altay goats
There were 8 heads of goats brought to
Tajikistan from the Russian Federation in
2010 by the jjoint efforts of scientists,
regional coordinators from ICARDA, Dr.
Barbara Richkovskyy and Liba Brent,, as well
as other staff members.
They are delivered to Ishkashim Badakhshan
Project steps:
ƒ Breeding
B di tto iimprove th
the
quality of goats’ fluff
(cashmere).
Registration, evaluation and
description of goats in the
Nucleus groups in 4
villages (Haskhorog,
Andarob, Dasht and
Garmchashma, n = 368 l
heads).
Female farmers involved in
the project, 107 people.
1. The selection of goats in the
Nucleus Group
#
Site
№ of
Altayy
goats
Crossed
ggoats
Farmers
Offspring
((male +
female)
Live weight
at birth. Kgg
♂
1
Haskhorog
9295,
5069-5069
5085,
5057-5057
2295
No tag
2
Andarob
+ Dasht
060-089,
0605315
No tag
3
GarmGarmChashma
5215
No tag
4
Totally
6- heads
Fozilbekov
Tilobek
Live weight,
6-7 months.
Kg
♀
♂
♀
34+24=58
3,6
2,9
12,,7
12
11,,8
11
19+15=34
3,5
2,8
13,
13,6
11,,2
11
3,6
3,1
11,,3
11
10
10,,7
3,56
2,93
12,,5
12
11,,23
11
Sultonmam
adov
Dushanbe
Yusufbekov
19+11=30
3
72+50=122
2. Characteristics of the offspring in
2011
н/п
# of
head
s
Site
Offspring
♂
1
2
Haskhoro 39
g
Andarob
19
Live
weigh
t at
birth.
Kg
♀
20 19
♂
♀
3,8 2,9
Live
Fleece fluff,
weight
g
in a
year of
age.
Kg
Kg
Live
weight
,6
6--7
month
s. Kg
♂
♀
13,,
13
♂
11,,2 19
11
19,,
0
8
11
3 , 7 2 ,7
12,
12,
Dasht
13
5
8
3 , 6 2 ,7
Garmcha 2
shma
Totally
73
2
0
3,6 -
10,,3 17
10
17,,
13,,
13
38
-
-
-
14,,8 335 305
14
7
-
19,
19,
6
35
13
13,,8 346 318
3
5
4
♀
15,,2 340 303
15
11,,0 18,
11
18,
11,,
11
♂
0
6
3
♀
-
356 -
-
-
2
-
-
-
3. Description of the offspring in 2011.
2011.
п/п Site
№ of
Altay
goats
Hybrids
goat
s
Farmers
Offspring Live weight Live weight,
(male
at birth.
6-7
+
Kg
months
months.
female
Kg
)
♂
1
2
3
4
Haskhoro
g
9295,
5069-5069
5085
5085,
5057--2295
5057
Andarob
+
Dasht
060-089,
0605315
GarmGarmChash
ma
5215
Totally
6-heads
б/б
Fozilbekov
Tilobek
б/б
♀
♂
♀
3,6
2,9
12,,7
12
11,
11,8
19+15=34 3,5
2,8
13,,6
13
11
11,,2
3,6
3,1
11
11,,3
10,
10,7
3,56
2,93
12,,5
12
11
11,,23
34+24
=58
S l
Sultonmama
dov
Dushanb
e
б/р.а
Yusufbekov
-
19+11
=30
72+50=12
2
4. The productivity of the original
breeds and the resulting offspring
Indicators
Hybrids , 1,5 , 1,5 yrs.
, 1,5 yrs.
Local
Altay goats Local goats
male
female
Live weight, kg
50‐‐50
50
32‐
32‐38
28‐
28‐36
22‐
22‐32
Fleece fluff g
Fleece fluff, g
750‐‐700
750
70‐‐170
70
280‐‐344
280
230‐‐308
230
The thickness of fluff, um
,
22‐‐20
22
11‐
11‐14
18‐
18‐19
16‐
16‐17
The content of fluff 70
70‐‐75
in the wool, %
40‐
40‐42
55‐
55‐60
52 ‐
52 ‐ 57
Length fluff, cm
4 ‐6
7 ‐8
6 ‐7
10‐‐9
10
3. Description of the offspring
in 2012
№
Site
Total
Including
number
b
Female
Assessment and
processing
i
Noncastrate Nond
castrate
d
male
1.
Haskhorog
174
68
106
87
19
2
2.
Andarob
140
50
90
75
15
3.
Dasht
150
90
60
45
15
4.
Garmchash
ma
153
88
65
54
11
5.
Snib
141
90
51
32
19
6
6.
syst
-
7.
Kahi lal
-
8.
Totally
758
386
372
293
79
Characteristics of crosses
Hybrids obtained by crossing local goats with the Altay feather goats
differ in external-constitutional
external constitutional qualities, and by their fleece fluff
(Table 4). Among all hybrids of the desired type there is an individual
that significantly exceed average productivity of the group,
g the high
g p
potential reserves.
demonstrating
In general, hybrids from the Altay goats were given white fluff. Share
of the white fluff of Class I - 94%, Class II -4.0% and Class III 2.0%. Total pure fiber as gray and white is the same: Class I - 94%,
Class II -90% and Class III - 88%.
Achievements of the
project
project:
j t:
ƒ Working with farmers a group of
women on processing, and
improving of fluff and yarn quality;
ƒ They were convinced that by the
method of selection and the best
producers of fluff, it is possible to
save the quality of their breeding
goats and get a reasonably good
quality of fluff .
ƒ Development of production models
and delivery of fluff combs, spinning
units in Ishkashim district (Dr. Liba
Brent)
Goats breeding:
breeding:
Achievements:
Achievements:
ƒ Selected - 31 ♂ (male Altay goats and
h b id ),
hybrids),
hybrids
) in a separate stock, followed by the
contents individually selected area of pasture in the
summer.
ƒ Selection, evaluation (castration
unwanted goats of local population
n = 300 +296)
ƒ
During insemination redistribution of goats in five
villages, in order to avoid inbreeding.
inbreeding.
ƒ Veterinary services in 7 villages
(for over 1,450 animals) in the Spring
and Autumn Period (vaccination and
dehelminthization of animals);
The results of breeding (with use of Altay
goats):
ggoats)
):
ƒ The main achievement of the
project was getting crossbred
progeny from the use of the Altay
goats..
goats
goats ♂ Altay
y goats,
goats
g
, Total n=
n=
ƒ ♀ Local g
660 heads
heads,, including
ƒ In 2011 -73 heads
heads,,
ƒ In 2012 -122 heads
ƒ In 2013 -465 heads
heads,,
used for the 79 offspring
ƒ Fluff color : white,
white gray and black
ƒ Live weight 01 months - 2.3
2.3--2.9 kg,
12 months 14,914,9-19,0
kg
g
ƒ Fluff bouffant: from 324 g to 367 g
Achievements:
Achievements:
Trainings for farmers
Training on the
development of Nucleus
Group of goats, breeding
and improving the
productivity off goats’ ffluff
ff ,
feeding, care, prevention
and treatment of diseases –
i each
in
h village;
ill
According to the results of
breeding there is an interest
from GBAO farmers and
even from neighboring
countries (Afghanistan);
Fluff Collection: in spring,
for 3 years - 118 kg in Hirot
Hirot,
Afghanistan (L. Brent).
Current problems in working with
animals and breeding goats:
• Low fluff productivity of local goat‘s, malfunction of
breeding measures by farmers;
Insufficient levels of animal feed in the winter, the
l k off concentrated
lack
t t d feed;
f d
• Distribution of selected infectious diseases of animals
(goats pleuropneumonia,
pleuropneumonia smallpox);
• Lack of male goats in the project area to improve the
fluff quality.
• Very harsh climatic conditions, large amount of
precipitation, and a long winter in 2011-2012 was
negatively
ti l reflected
fl t d on the
th reproductive
d ti ability
bilit off
animals
Achievements:: Trainings courses
Achievements
ƒ Training courses in Huzhdand,
t
together
th with
ith representatives
t ti
off
Kyrgyzstan, Iran and Sughd
(27 05 -05.06.2012)
(27.05.
05 06 2012)
ƒ permanent initiative 22-group of
women on spinning and
manufacturing of yarn.
ƒ training on processing and painting
fur and fluff, to create Nucleus
Group of goats,
goats breeding and
improving the productivity of a
feather goats.
g
Conclusions
-The executors of the project ( in the Tajikistan-Badakhshan) done
some work
k on the
th breeding
b di
off goats
t to
t improve
i
th quality
the
lit off fluff,
fl ff
and on the involvement of local communities (especially women) to
collect, process goat fur and fluff.
-Progress and results contributed to the resumption of breeding by
farmers using
g imported
p
Altay
yg
goats from Russia ((byy the p
project),
j ), and
the resulting cross-bred offspring from year to year can improve the
production of goat's wool, both in quantitative and qualitative terms.
-Delivery of equipment (fluff combs, carding and spinning units), the
training of women and uniting them into a group of processing
contributed to the establishment of a chain of information links,
links as
well as the development of the market and the production of
products from fluff :
Предложение
р
ƒ Совместное действие по улучшению
качества козьего шерсти и пуха, их
переработка и производство изделий
изделий,
способствует повышению доходности у
фермеров-- женщин на поектном участке
фермеров
Ишкашимский рр-н ГБАО.
ƒ Переработка козьего шерсти и пуха
пуха,
заготавливаемой продукции из неё на
современном рынке может стать
конкурентоспособным.
Работа на будущем
ƒ Наиболее перспективными породами в
преобразовании
р
р
местных грубошерстных
ру
р
коз
Памира в пуховые являются использование породаналогов пуховой породы зарубежной селекции.
ƒ
С
Скрещивания
целесообразно
б
проводить до
полного поглащения крови улучшающей породы
ƒ при дальнейшем совершенствовании стада задача
селекции заключается в максимальном
использовании потенциала высокопродуктивных
животных и выращивании козлов с высоким
генетическим потенциалом продуктивности.
Спасибо за внимание !!!