LA STANZA DEL SOLE - Periodici Maggioli

Transcription

2/2012
Technologies for sun protection
international
Associazione Italiana
Tende, Schermature Solari
e Chiusure Tecniche Oscuranti
La stanza deL soLe
Solutions for shades, rolling shutters and screens.
The world changes. FAAC changes with the world.
5
Year
WarraNTY
In 1965, FAAC set off on a journey. A path that, day after day, witnessed the growth
of a group that transformed passion into innovation, in order to constantly provide
cutting-edge solutions.
Today, FAAC is the leader in automatic systems, the only Company able to guarantee
a complete range for better meeting all the needs of its partners.
This solid experience has been translated into the T- Mode range; the best in FAAC
innovation to guarantee unique solutions for shades, roller shutters and screens.
T-Mode, another stage of a great journey.
www.faac.it
FAAC design
433 MHz
radio transmitters
ROLLER BLINDS
BLINDS FOR BUILDING FAÇADES
VERANDA
ZIP SYSTEM
NANO BLINDS
WINTERMEETING
ORIZZONTI
New lifestyles, new blind systems
Resstende is the leading Italian manufacturer
of technical roller blinds.
Our real assets are the continual research for quality components
and the original design of our made-to-measure blind systems that
render our products highly technical “objet d’art”.
Tenacity, passion and efficiency have always accompanied our
presence on the market: characteristics we consider essential for the
success of our business.
[email protected]
www.resstende.com
RESSTENDE s.r.l. - Via Ghiringhella, 74 - 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB) - Ph. +39 039 684611 (Italy)
Came...
technology becomes
WORK of ART N.1 – Mondrian – Art collection
“The pigment flows from the motors, to blend
with matter, and reveal its artisanal uniqueness”.
Single piece of artwork for Came.
By Andrea Pezzile
With Art, the most advanced Came-branded technology, the very best in automatic
control of awnings, shutters and blinds becomes artwork. A pure expression of living
precision and comfort that debuts with Mondrian, the first work of a wide range
of tubular motors. “Smart” solutions that are ready to interact with Came’s homeautomation concept, for total, immediate and hyper-tech control of the home.
To follow this Art avant-garde collection, visit www.came.com/artcollection/en
LKMSTUDIO
TEXTILE EMOTION
irisun.com
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Contents
TENDA INTERNATIONAL 2/2012
10
18
24
FOCUS ON TECHNICAL CLOSURES
AND SHUTTERS
Technical closures and shutters, between tradition and innovation
Shading and darkening closures using mobile panels
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38
58
66
COMPANY PROFILE
The ancient secret of good living - Parà
Home feeling - Cherubini
Home automation, energy saving and comfort - Came
Comfort, design and technology- markilux
40
EXHIBITIONS & CONVENTIONS
Products and technology to re-launch the construction sector - Made Expo
6
Alessandro Premier, Amina Dehò
Darkening blinds and automation
Marco Galloni
TENDA INTERNATIONAL - 2/2012
42
PREVIEW MADE EXPO 2012
80
A fair worth three... - SAIE3
82
Innovation and energy performance – Equipbaie
WORKS & DESIGN
50
Large textile roofs for sports events
62
Italian-made solar shading in Boston
TECHNOLOGY
70
The actuator side
Marco Galloni
84
NASA Sustainability Base, Silicon Valley, California
Emanuele Naboni, Paolo Zardo
94
LIST OF SUPPLIERS
91
CAME3
F.LLI GIOVANARDI
5
FAAC
2nd Cover
FLORIDA23
GARATTONI30
GIBUS
Cover, 9
INTENDA16
ADVERTISERS
MARKILUX29
NAIZIL
3rd Cover
PARA’
4th Cover
RESSTENDE1
S.M.R.E.2
SAIE38
SEAV17
SPRECH56
VERELUX4
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7
FOCUS ON TECHNICAL CLOSURES AND SHUTTERS
Technical closures and shutters,
between tradition and innovation
Moucharabieh and Persiantype shutters, Caravansary,
Cairo, 18th century (©SergioFabioBrivio)
10
Moucharabieh on a sacred portal of the Mosque of Ali, the Citadel, Cairo,
19th century (©SergioFabioBrivio)
Moucharabieh on a window, Cairo, 19th century (©SergioFabioBrivio)
Historical background
Technical closures and shutters in general date back to ancient times when,
even though windows were only very small, the fact that they had no glazing meant that it was practically essential to protect them with wings or panels, especially in the winter months and at night. The archaeological excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum have also shown that these systems,
known as “serrami” (fastenings), were widespread even in warmer climes.
Materials recovered from these excavations have provided evidence of the
existence of frames lined with wood, clay or metal, and sometimes finished
and decorated.
The Romanesque influence was still strongly apparent in the architecture of
the Middle Ages when, because of the need for protection and security, as
well as the inclement weather, homes and buildings were not given large
apertures. Windows, by this time fitted with wooden or metal frames, were
indeed still rather small and it was common to use (especially on the lower
floors) removable blind panels in wood. Initially these were hooked onto
the window frame and subsequently they were attached by hinges set into
the wall.
The Gothic and the Renaissance periods “opened up” architecture to the
possibilities of light, first in churches and stately palaces and then, in the
eighteenth century, in all other types of building.
Façade windows increased both in size and number,
while windows started to become aligned, finally allowing rooms to interact with the surrounding environment and to benefit from appropriate levels of
ventilation and natural lighting.
It is perhaps around this time that, in France, windows first began to be protected by semi-transparent panels made up of aligned and regularly spaced slats fixed to wooden frames. The term used to
describe these closures – “à la Persienne” – seems to
suggest that they were of Eastern (i.e. Persian) origin. Perhaps, however, they were actually inspired
by the moucharabieh found in mosques and noble
palaces (this word derives from the Arab “micharaba”, similar to the Sicilian “bummolo”, meaning a
water container in porous material that, as an effect
of evaporation, keeps the water cool). These panels
were essentially grids mounted on a frame with the
wings opening towards the outside. The size of the
11
spaces between the slats varied and they could
therefore be more or less transparent. They served mainly to limit the amount of sunlight and
heat coming in, but also to prevent those outside from seeing in.
A variant used in the East was the so-called jealousy window or “jalousie”, which had a wing
with adjustable wooden slats that allowed those inside the building to see out, yet without
being seen from the outside. It was commonly
used in the harems and caravansaries of the Ottoman Empire until the beginning of the twentieth century as an alternative to the “Persiantype” shutter. Instead, solid or panel shutters, as
their name suggests, are completely blind. They
serve to cover the window, protecting it from
the cold, rain and light, but also from possible
intruders. Another type of panel shutter, known
as the “scuretto”, is a thin panel of wood or metal applied internally; since its sole purpose is to
darken the window, it may be considered a kind
of rigid darkening blind.
The use of panels and shutters caught on in Italy,
too. As early as the end of the eighteenth century, precisely as a result of the strong French
influence on the Italian ruling class (made up of
the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy), Persiantype shutters and panel shutters began to replace roller shutters. Persian blinds proper became especially popular in Liguria, Tuscany and
Lazio and, with some variations, in Lombardy
and Piedmont too. Solid or panel shutters, on
the other hand, became more widespread in
rural areas and in north-eastern Italy, probably
as a result of the Germanic cultural influence in
that area.
Even nowadays, it is not unusual, in the
countryside, to come across farmhouses with
these kinds of blinds or shutters, sometimes
original and therefore dozens of decades old.
Sliding shutters, Lombard
farmhouse, Gerno (MB), 20th
century (©SergioFabioBrivio)
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The 1900s to the present day
The post-war reconstruction was completed in
a very short space of time and as early as the
1950s the boom years were on the way. People
Folding shutters on a modern window, Italy 2012 (©SergioFabioBrivio)
were earning more and homes were being modernised. Cities were expanding as new waves of citizens, belonging to the poorer sections of society,
emigrated northwards in search of work in industry and a better life. New
housing was needed and it was needed fast. The door and window frame industry began looking for new, alternative materials and production techniques. Persian-type shutters and panel shutters, heavy and expensive to produce, began to be replaced by roller blinds, initially made from wood and
subsequently from plastic. In the building of public housing, recourse was
increasingly had to prefabricated and industrial construction techniques.
However, towards the end of the 1990s, Technical closures and shutters became popular once again, thanks to a series of new regulations on energy
saving and home comfort.
Indeed, roller blinds, as well as needing a considerable amount of mechanical maintenance over time, also require a recessed space, above the window, to accommodate the roller and the blind itself, when it is rolled up.
If this space, called housing or box, is not properly
insulated and protected, the interior and exterior
environments will effectively be directly communicating, resulting in significant loss of heat and
possibly also amplification of environmental noise.
Furthermore, the box “uses up” some forty centimetres of height, precisely at a time when homes are
tending to be built with lower ceilings (2.7 m as opposed to the old 3.2 or 3.0 m). New residential buildings are increasingly being equipped with technical closures instead of roller blinds. Shutters, be
they winged, horizontally folding, vertically folding
or sliding, are all the window frame sector is talking
about nowadays. Security is another major factor
contributing to this rebirth of shutters in Italy. An
upsurge in cases of burglary and theft from homes
13
Sliding Persian-style shutters on
a modern window, Italy 2012
(©SergioFabioBrivio)
14
Folding shutters on a modern
window, Holland 2012 (©Hunter
Douglas)
is leading many people to prefer very strong and sturdy shading systems,
rather than “lighter” roller blinds, including the reinforced security type.
Types and materials
•Shading systems, as we have seen, are based, in form and function, on Persian-type shutters and panel shutters.
•There are four main types:
•winged
•horizontally folding
•sliding
•vertically folding
•The system comprises: a frame, constructed so as to hold the darkening
segments or panels, the slide guides (when needed), and various hardware
accessories such as hinges, handles, gaskets and safety locking systems.
•The materials used range from:
•natural wood, even though, in industry, solid wood is no longer used,
being too subject to deformation. Instead, laminate compositions of different types of wood are used and they are specially treated to make them
suitable for long-term outdoor use;
•extruded aluminium, powder-coated aluminium
or imitation wood, which may be used in order
to comply with landscaping or planning requirements, and is strong but light to handle;
•steel, when extra strength is required because, for
example, of the size of the window or the need for
added security;
•PVC, now used for its strength, durability and lightness, as well as its availability in a great many different surface finishes, including wood-like finishes.
On the subject of energy saving, under laws on the
development of energy-efficient buildings, darkening closures qualify for tax relief. In particular, 55%
of the cost incurred to replace them or install them
from scratch is tax-deductible, providing the fixture
is replaced at the same time.
15
Alessandro Premier is a fellow professor of Architectural
Planning at the Iuav University in Venice.
Amina Dehò is a designer, and a member of the Colour and Light
Technologies department at the Iuav University in Venice.
Shading and darkening closures
using mobile panels
18
1 - Carabanchel Social
Housing in Madrid by
Foreign Office Architects.
Close-up of the envelope.
Photo© Francisco Andeyro
Garcia
The use of screening as an architectural element and not just as a technical device has
become a consolidated trend in contemporary architecture. Without their screening,
some buildings would be totally unrecognizable. I am thinking as an example of the
Social Housing Carabanchel project in Madrid, designed by Foreign Office Architects
and built in 2007 (photo 1). It has been featured in many magazines, and its entire
envelope is covered with bamboo folding louvers: it is a parallelepiped covered with
several identical panels that open and close to create its overall appearance.
The use of mobile panel screens, in addition to the advancement of other screening
systems, has been increasingly successful thanks to the “growth” of glass surfaces.
Evidently, the larger the transparent or translucent surfaces, the greater the need for
protection from daylight, especially at the warmest latitudes.
The use of mobile panels on the façade is a relatively recent evolution of the closing
louver shutters and sunbreakers. The “classical” blades or horizontal slats of the latter
are being replaced with panels in perforated or drawn sheet metal or other material assembled on electro-mechanical or even hydraulic handling systems. As far as
closing systems for the louvers are concerned, Herzog & de Meuron has come up
with new interpretations of its 1980s darkening shutter designs that fold shut, and
which have been proposed in some more recent projects. Over the years, darkening
systems have grown to become actual façade systems.
In the Schwitter Apartments in Basel by Herzog & de Meuron (competition and project 1985 – built 1987-88) the main façade, which follows the curve of the parcel, is
made up of prefabricated units in coloured reinforced concrete. The residential floors
are separated by terraces and access balconies, which are also curved, and the large
windows of each unit are a main feature of the façade. Each window is screened by
folding, wooden shutters so when all the louvers are closed the external envelope of
the building has a uniform screen. This concept of “external screen-skin” is proposed
in an even more explicit way in the façade of the Schützenmattstrasse Apartments in
Basel (competition 1984-85, project 1991, built 1992-93) with perforated metal louvers that open outwards on the outside of the balconies, closing in the entire floor.
The screening becomes the façade, just like in the Foreign Office Architects building
constructed in 2007 (photo 1). Herzog & de Meuron also used this type of solution in
other designs, in the Rue des Suisses Apartments in Paris (2000) and the entry façade
of the Fünf Höfe CityQuartier in Munich, Bavaria (2003). Other designers have leant
towards this type of interpretation of screening, for example Baumschlager & Eberle of Austria with the Lohbach Residence in Innsbruck, where the folding screen is
made up of blackened copper, or the housing project in Krems where folding panels
protect individual windows on all levels. Baumschlager & Eberle have also designed
a number of sliding panel darkening closures. Other buildings include the university
residences of Molkereistraße in Vienna (2003-2005), with brass sliding panels, and
the Eichgut residences in Winterthur in Switzerland (2002-2005) with etched glass
sliding panels that cover the entire envelope of the complex.
The sunbreaker systems incorporate large mobile panels in place of louvers or
blades in extruded material, always designed first and foremost with the language
of expression in mind. The large south-facing façade of the Musée du quai Branly
in Paris (2006), a building designed by Jean Nouvel, comprises of two blades that
19
20
overlap to define the two factories which in reality are a single building. The
two façades come together and are entirely covered with adjustable panels
all of the exact same size and make up a uniform grill pattern over the entire
surface. The panels come in micro-perforated aluminium and open individually, rotating upwards. The entire façade is red. The designer has accentuated the dynamic appearance using the screening panels like many coloured
cells, each of a slightly different shade, as though his intention is to show us
the triangular section of the six layers that make up the NCS (Natural Colour
System) colour classification, where all the shades of red are catalogued for
comparison purposes with three basic colours: red, white and black. The
resulting shades go from saturated red gradually dimming to shades “cut”
with white or black. The “Breath Building” envelope in via Torino in Milan, the
Geox “building that breathes”, designed by Dante O. Benini & Partners (2010),
is covered with 734 metal panels in a square shape that define the rigorous
pattern. The panels are micro-perforated, electrically coloured stainless steel
that open by rotating upwards. The façade grid features a number of colours: gold, bronze, copper or blackened copper - reminiscent of Autumn.
They alternate according to an apparently random pattern with the warmest colours at the bottom and the coldest ones at the top, while dark brown
marks snake through and emphasize this variation. The entire composition
plays on tones of yellow, between orange and brown.
Probably the most innovative aspects of this type of mobile surface are in
the combination between movement and expression. On the one hand, the
designers rely on colour combining the elements that can move according
to a rigorously practical logic (screening natural light), on the other there is
a possibility to use these panels also for an expressive purpose. Thanks to
computer control, the degrees of opening and closing can be set up in order
to create particular designs on the building façade. Once again, the project
has more than one purpose: to create a façade that controls the light coming
in, thereby reducing the energy consumed by the summer climate control
system, and at the same time giving the building an identity, a symbolism.
This goal is clearly apparent in the work of the Austrian Giselbrecht + Partner
for the Kiefer Technic Showroom in Bad Gleichenberg (2007). The glass façade is completely covered with white micro-perforated aluminium panels
which open and close to reproduce curious designs (photo 2).
Kiefer Technic Showroom of Giselbrecht + Partner
Travelling north along Grazer Straße,towards Gratz, immersed in the rural
countryside just outside the centre of Bad Gleichenberg, you will find an unexpected “spectacle”: a white façade, that curves gently towards the East,
animated by the fluid movements of an aluminium screen, that opens and
closes, sometimes like a large eye, sometimes like a chess board. Designer
Ernst Giselbrecht calls it a “dancing façade”. It took him and his staff two years
to build the Showroom building, inaugurated in summer 2007 for Astrid
Kiefer, owner of Kiefer Technic. Kiefer Technic has been in operation for more
than thirty years. The company specialises in processing steel and aluminium for the production of furnishings and equipment for medical operating
theatres, and was involved in the project not only as the client, but also as
bidder, producing 112 panels in micro-perforated aluminium that make up
the dynamic façade of the factory.
2 - Kiefer Technic Showroom in Bad Gleichenberg by
Ernst Giselbrecht + Partner. Various façade configurations. Photo© Paul Ott
Gieselbrecht designed a building on a 420 square
meter parcel, located to the south of the factory,
with a conical layout, and which, like a perfect band
of light, projects the company’s message of advanced specialisation on the curved screen of the
south-facing façade.
The building has two stories, and an area of 545
square metres. It has an open plan layout and a 6m
x 9m section connects it to the factory. The new suspended floors are located at the same height as the
factory floors, linking the two buildings directly. The
entryway to the Showroom is located on the eastfacing façade. A ramp leads up to the entryway to
the two storey hall, which houses a staircase with
steel structure clad in wood. Just off the hall is an
open space that runs along the length of the main
window reserved for displaying products. A bar and
public restrooms are also located on the ground
floor, near the entrance to the factory. The conference hall is on the first floor, also along the southfacing side and overlooking the hall. There are bathrooms for personnel, a kitchen and an office off the
hallway that goes to the factory.
The new building is supported by reinforced concrete pillars, as are the suspended floors. The masonry wall vertical partitions between the building and factory are whitewashed. The double skin
façade system incorporates 200mmx200mmx2mm
square tube steel uprights, reinforced by an internal jet of concrete. The inner glass envelope is made
with thermal break aluminium fixtures, while the
mobile screening system has an aluminium frame,
painted white.
In the double envelope system, the external facade
is 28 m and is made up of micro-perforated aluminium panels that act as sunbreakers. The panels are
96cmx200cm, an identical size to the units on the
factory facade: a formal and production decision
that brings continuity to the two different buildings, built on the basis of very different concepts
(photo 3). The panels are set out on 14 columns
corresponding to the spans between the internal
pillars. Each span is in turn made up of 8 panels
(96cmx200cm), 4 to each floor, which are moved in
pairs by 56 motors that control opening and closing, sending the signal to the runners that slide vertically on guides. The screening system has an overall weight of 10 tons. Its support structure is made
up of steel uprights formed by a dual L shaped
profile (100mmx50mmx8mm), welded edge-on
to a steel plate (700mmx140mmx2mm) that joins
with a horizontal shingling of L shaped profiles
(100mmx100mmx8mm) attached to the concrete
slab. The horizontal elements act as supports for
the frills of the walkways located in the cavity of
the double skin. The mobile screening panels are
connected, in pairs, by hinges on the sides. In the
fully closed position, the elements are not perfectly
flush, thanks to a spacer pivot located near the hing-
21
es: a detail of formal as well as technical relevance,
because when fully closed, the façade demonstrates
its dynamic nature with a subtle ripple.
The internal façade, located at about 60 cm from
the screen façade, is continuous and made entirely
of glass. It is mostly transparent, except for a strip at
about 53 cm from the ground at the same height
as the suspended floor and the edging beams and
buffered with enamel glass sheets. The aluminium
windows are of a unitary size of 200cmx300cm in
height. Some incorporate a transom that opens
(100cmx228cm) to provide access to the walkway
located in the space between the two façade systems. The support system for the glass façade is
anodized aluminium, and it attaches to the concrete slab using a system of brackets and L shaped
steel profiles. In the upper closure, the two façade
systems are topped by a horizontal glass screen
(100cmx200cm sheets) which tilts inwards. Thermal
insulation is provided by the high performance windows integrated with the insertion of an isolating
layer about 10cm along the thickness of the edge
beam of the intermediate suspended floor. The
building’s heating and ventilation system is a series
of thermal convectors located the perimeter of the
façade near the threshold.
The success of the Kiefer Technic Showroom, confirmed by numerous international awards, unquestionable comes from its level of innovation which
has inspired meticulous research into the pursuit of
high standards in terms of energy saving, by controlling the natural light filtered through moving
screens. But probably the most significant feature
of this project is the expressiveness of the façade
thanks to the special design of the mobile panel system: the result of a winning relationship between
the client and the designer. Where construction promotes research, development and technological innovation, productive partnerships are created. This
is a trend that has been consolidated in many countries, but has yet to take hold in Italy, where multiple, highly specialised enterprises still have much to
explore and to venture in this regard.
3 - Kiefer Technic Showroom
in Bad Gleichenberg by Ernst
Giselbrecht + Partner. Close
up of the screening system.
Photo© Paul Ott
22
F400 is a unique concept,
with adjustable louvers
on the ceiling, providing
a comfortable space
for outdoor living that
extends your summer.
F400 is designed to fit in each side and in every
garden. Contemporary or classic, add value
to any home, as free-standing or attached to a
wall.
Be inspired by this new concept for a nice
holiday at home. Designed as a stand-alone
solution (4 uprights) or to go against a wall (2
uprights) or between the walls (without posts).
Module with 4 uprights, without screens up to 7
mx 5 mx 3 m height. Module with 4 seats and
Via per Cossogno - 28923 - Verbania-Trobaso (VB)
Info: 0323.574000 - E-Mail: [email protected]
www.floridatende.it
screens up to 6 mx 5 mx 3 m height. Multiple
units can be combined to cover larger areas.
Roller blinds (screens ZIP) available with screen
fabric (maximum width 6 m), non-transparent
PVC (max width 5 m), clearview PVC (max. 4
m width). Screens ZIP PVC non-transparent,
available in clearview panel (1.3 m high).
in collaboration with
Marco Galloni
Marco Galloni is a journalist and a designer of systems for the routing nd
conditioning of audio-video signals
Darkening blinds and automation
Applying automation to awnings, shutters and darkening blinds is a sure way of making them
operate in synergy with lighting and HVAC systems at the same time saving up to 70% thermal
energy and electricity
24
TENDA ITERNATIONAL - 2/2012
high performance
Fig. 1 – EN 15232 defines four
categories of energy efficiency for
automated systems (BACS) and technical building management systems
(TBM) each identified by the letters
A, B, C and D and by four different
colours starting with D, the least
energy efficient category identified
by the colour yellow and considered
to be non environmentally acceptable to A (dark green) which includes
high performance BACS and TBM.
advanced
standard
non environmentally acceptable
BAC factors and efficiency categories
Fig. 2 – BAC factor and energy efficiency category table based
on EN 15232:2007 regulations. The table refers to thermal
energy savings achieved by installing automated HVAC systems.
The white column on the left-hand side lists BAC factors and
the four efficiency categories, while the right hand column in
green, shows the percentage of savings that can be obtained by
passing from one category to another.
Not everyone is aware of the benefits of home automation. Some believe
that installing automation systems in homes and other buildings is just a
way of freeing man from the physical chore of manually operating awnings,
shutters, darkening blinds, boilers, electric lighting, garage doors and so
forth. Others ask what difference there can possibly be between a Venetian
blind opened by hand and the same item controlled by a timer or automation system. Actually the real value of automation goes far beyond the
physical/material aspects. When we automate a building or a home we are
introducing a form of intelligence into it, a reasoning principal that takes us
to broader horizons. Think of the energy savings that can be achieved by
using a well-designed automation system: in times of recession like these,
the effect of this choice will have important ethical consequences that have
little to do with the relief from the physical effort required to open the garage door. Not many uses of electronics have a knock on effect on society, the
economy and the environment, but automated home and building management is without doubt one of them.
25
Buildings with virtually zero energy consumption
The seemingly modest and innocuous residential and service industry sectors account for an astonishingly significant portion of energy consumption
and environmental impact (CO2, particulates, etc.). In 2007 these sectors
absorbed approximately 50% of Italy’s total energy consumption and residential supplies alone reached 26.4 Mtep (data supplied by Enea). This is an
enormous amount when we consider that 1 tep corresponds to the thermal
energy developed by one ton of petrol – about 10 billion kC, or if you prefer
11,628 billion thermal kWh and 4.55 billion electrical kWh, and alarmingly
this kind of consumption shows no signs of slowing down. In 2002 it accounted for 40.5% of Italian domestic consumption, which means there has
been an increase of 9.5% in just five years and if nothing is done this trend
can only worsen in the coming years. In Europe as a whole the situation is
undoubtedly more promising (let us not forget Italy has some of the most
outdated buildings on the continent) yet it is still causing concern. About
40% of energy consumption has been attributed to buildings. For this reason, in 2002 the EU passed the Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). Eight years later this law was amended with
the EPBD 2010/31/UE – which became law on 19th May 2010, to encourage
the use of automation systems to improve energy efficiency in buildings.
Paragraph 2, item 8 states that member states will promote the introduction of smart measuring systems whenever a building is under construction
or when it is being subjected to radical remodelling. Member states must
also promote the installation of active energy saving control systems such
as automation, operational and monitoring equipment. Furthermore EPBD
2010/31/UE established that all privately owned new builds must qualify as
being nearly zero energy by 31st December 2020, while for buildings belonging to or occupied by publicly owned or operated organisations the final
date has been set as 31st December 2018. The term nearly zero energy refers
to a situation in which the buildings in question are almost entirely self-sufficient as regards their use of energy. This is achieved when energy consumed
is produced from renewable sources by the buildings themselves. Clearly a
nearly zero energy building must have photovoltaic systems, solar heating
radiators and other similar devices, but since the FER efficiency of these devices is not very high, these solutions alone are not enough. Other aspects
26
Fig. 3 – Table EN 15232:2007 refers to elec-
tricity savings. The data differs from that in
figure 2 as the differences are less extreme. A
retail/wholesale outlet with a non-automated
system has, for example a BAC factor of 1.08,
while the same premises, automated with a
high efficiency A category system has a BAC of
0.91. The maximum energy saving achievable
is 16% and can be obtained by passing from
category D to category A.
such as insulation, self-sufficient automation and
monitoring systems etc., are helpful in reducing
energy dispersion, waste and heat loss.
The EN 15232:2007 directive
With the use of automation in residential and service industry buildings growing and with the EPBD
directive in mind, the European Committee for
Standardisation (CEN) was given the job of establishing procedures for calculating the effect automation has on energy consumption in buildings.
This led in turn to the introduction of the EN 15232
regulation on the energy performance in buildings
and the effect on automation systems on the control and technical management of buildings. The
EN 15232 was an important step forward; a watershed if you will; prior to its existence the potential
of automation systems in buildings was seen in
terms of energy savings but at that time there was
Fig. 4 – The system illustrated here may be quite
complex, but it cannot be considered an automated
system. The ten blinds can only be raised and lowered
by activating the switches indicated by the letter L
or from the central operating panel (Q1) manually.
In other words there is no prevision for the system to
operate autonomously.
Fig. 5 – In contrast to the system in figure 4, the
diagram we see here is of a fully automated/domotic system. It is controlled by a programmable
system that activates the functions independently.
The upper and lower limits of the blinds can be set
using six red buttons on the controller C2N-SSC-2.
no established procedure to measure these savings
accurately. With the introduction of EN 15232:2007
it became possible to evaluate them objectively, accurately and in a way that could be replicated when
and as required.
EN 15232 defines four categories of energy efficiency each identified by the letters A, B, C and D and by
four different colour codes (starting with yellow for
category D to dark green for category A - see figure
1) for automation systems (BACS, Building Automation Control System) and technical management
(TBM, Technical Building Management). Category
D, which includes traditional non-automated systems and controls is considered incompatible with
environmentally friendly objectives and is below
accepted minimum standards. Category C is the
standard or benchmark category and covers automated and control systems with basic functions.
These systems can, however be fitted with communication buses at a later date if required. All BACS
are included in category B for advanced systems capable of centralised and coordinated management
functions for TBMs. The regulations also state that
control devices for individual rooms must be able
to communicate with the building’s automation
system. Finally category A is for hi-performance
energy saving BACS and TBMs. EN 15232:2007 also
states that control devices for individual rooms
must be able to manage HVAC systems and include
extra functions that may be integrated linking multidisciplinary relationships between HVAC systems
and other services supplying the building such as
electricity, lighting, shading systems, etc.
How to calculate the levels of energy efficiency
in automated systems
The European Committee for Standardisation identified two methods of calculating the efficiency
levels of automation systems: a) – the detailed calculation method, which is used when the various
components of the system in question and their
functions are already known and b) the so-called
BAC factor method, used only for systems in the
early stages of planning and based on coefficients
called BAC efficiency factors, which are published in
27
table form by the CEN. Figures 2 and 3 show some BAC factors associated
with systems that have been installed in residential and non-residential
buildings. These figures also show how energy saving levels vary as we pass
from one category to another. Figure 2 shows what thermal energy savings
can be achieved by installing an automated HVAC system. In the left hand
column, indicated in white, the BAC factors are listed for the four different
energy efficiency categories. As you can see the higher the BAC factor the
lower the energy efficiency offered by the system. A retail or wholesale outlet with a non-automated system (category D), for example, has a BAC factor
of 1.56, while the same premises fitted with a high efficiency A category system has a BAC factor of 0.60. In the right hand column, in green we see the
savings that can be obtained by moving from one category to another. As
far as the previous example is concerned the retail/wholesale outlet changing from category D to category A would save 62% of its thermal energy
consumption. Obviously the percentage differences are lower when the two
categories examined are closer together; moving from a category D situation to category B for example represents a saving of 53% while from C
(basic or benchmark category) to A the guaranteed saving is 40%. Finally
moving from C to B offers a saving of 27%. The table in figure 3 can be read
in much the same way; the only difference being that this data refers to electricity consumption in a retail/wholesale outlet where a non-automated system has a BAC factor of 1.08, while the same premises with an automated
category A system has a BAC factor of 0.91. The percentage savings are as
follows: 16% (D to A), 12% (D to B), 9% (D to B) and 5% (C to B).
28
A room furnished in a minimalist,
almost Zen-like taste with lightweight
blinds at the windows and spotlights
fitted into the ceiling. Home automation
might even be considered a hi-tech,
modern-day version of feng shui, the
oriental art of furnishing houses so that
they exist in harmony with the universe.
Properly designed and programmed
a home automation system will allow
the user to take the fullest possible
advantage of daylight and the heat of
the sun thereby minimalising reliance
on electric lighting and HVAC systems.
Where automation starts
The EN 15232:2007 regulations help to clarify our ideas about automation
which, as I mentioned at the beginning, are often anything but clear-cut
with misunderstandings, prejudice, confusion and ignorance abounding.
What, for example, is the boundary between automation and non-automation? Speaking to the man in the street you will find that many people
think it is merely a matter of what kind of technology is used; if the system
is made up exclusively of electromechanical devices such as light-switches,
electric motors or light bulbs we are not talking about home automation.
Whereas when we include hi-tech elements, for example a remote control
for wireless activation of blinds and shutters, then yes this is automation.
For others the difference depends on the complexity of the system: if it
consists only of a few components then it isn’t a home automation system,
but if its has an abundance of switches, actuators, wires and so forth this is
certainly automation. Actually the real difference between automation and
non-automation has nothing to do with any of this. In figure 4, for example,
we can see the diagram for a system that controls motorised blinds, which
while being rather complex is not an automated system since the blinds are
operated using manual switches. Figure 5, on the other hand, shows a very
simple system with just two blinds that is however entitled to be called a
automated system, since it has programmable controls. So the difference is
as follows: a domotic system needs to have at least
a minimal degree of automation that allows it to
operate at least some elementary functions without direct intervention on the part of a human operator. Outside awnings with a sensor that responds
to sun/wind conditions can already be considered
automation, while not even the most sophisticated
remote control operated system can be included in
this category unless it has programmable functions.
Although these definitions are correct they are
also rather approximate. The EN 15232 standards
are more precise because they are not confined to
words but are backed up with numbers and data
as you will see in box automation according to EN
15232:2007. All of which makes this document an
important tool for owners of buildings, architects,
engineers, developers, designers, installers and
state or regional bodies. The more complicated a
matter is, and automation is nothing if not complex,
the more important it becomes to handle it with
precision and clarity.
safe · timeless · beautiful
2
201
R
O
F
NEW
markilux pergola 110/210
An awning frame system supported by slender legs.
Ideal for those large areas that need to be shaded.
www.markilux.com
markilux_tenda_220x145_pergola_en.indd 1
05.07.12 10:22
29
Automation according to EN 15232:2007
This figure shows a table of criteria that define the four energy efficiency
categories established by European regulation EN 15232. The table refers to HVAC systems but the criteria are the same for all systems – from
awning and darkening blinds to lighting. In the top right-hand box the
four categories D to A are listed in order of energy efficiency.
30
The first column on the left gives the numbers that
identify the various degrees of automation from “0”
the lowest which corresponds to no automation at
all to “4” which is associated with the most sophisticated systems. Let us look at the first item emission
control : with no automated control this system is
situated in category D and is therefore not environmentally acceptable. However having at least
one automated function does not mean a system
will automatically be classified as energy efficient.
Indeed EN 15232 places centrally pre-set heating
systems (level 1) as category D too. In order to reach
category C, the standard or benchmark level, an
individual automated control operated via thermostatic valves or electronic circuits (level 2) must be
present in each room of the home or each area of
the building. The predisposition for communicating
with the BACS system will up the classification to category B, while the existence of individual, integrated controls that can be personalised depending on
the number of occupants, the air quality and other
factors, will achieve the most sought after qualification – category A – which corresponds to maximum
energy efficiency.
The philosophy of automation: from Cartesian dualism to
a more holistic approach
Big picture vision and the ability to think outside the box are a unique factor
in domotics and building automation. In philosophy this is called Holism;
put more simply that the entirety of an entity should be considered as being
somewhat different or superior to its individual component parts. A car, for
example is much more than the sum of its pistons, electrics and brake disks.
In the building industry by and large projects have not taken this holistic
approach and unfortunately this continues to be the case as decisions are
made with a separatist mentality, or to stay with our philosophy metaphor,
in a dualistic/Cartesian manner: on one hand the structural part of the building, on the other the so-called “trades” - electrical systems, plumbing, heating - then the façade, the windows, etc. This is one reason, perhaps the most
relevant one, why residential/service buildings are the energy-eating monsters described above, accounting for 50% of Italy’s entire national energy
consumption (40% in European terms). The solution, as almost all those operating in the sector agree, is to move towards, or perhaps more correctly
return to, the kind of holistic vision adopted hundreds of years ago on the
islands of the Aegean Sea. Buildings viewed not as a number of separate
parts but as a single organism whose overall function is much more than the
sum of the functions of each, individual component. This is what allows an
automated system to perform better in terms of energy consumption than
individual systems each operating alone. Let us imagine an apartment in
which the heating, lighting and awning and darkening blind controls are
not automated, with each system operating separately. On a cold winter
morning the building’s central heating system will be going full blast but for
one or two residents at least the temperature is bound to be uncomfortably
high and he or she will open a window. Meanwhile
next door someone else has forgotten to turn off the
light before leaving home and yet another has left
the blinds down thereby preventing the heat from
the sunshine outside from entering. These situations
cause enormous amounts of thermal energy and
electricity to be wasted especially when we start
to multiply by several days a year and hundreds if
not thousands of apartments. Then there is the toll
taken in terms of pollution, CO2 and fine dust emissions. Now let’s imagine the same three systems run
by automation: heating times and levels are set independently and the controls switch off automatically when the indoor temperature reaches a pre-set
level, say 26°c. At the same time a system program
switches off all the lights at a certain time of the day
or when the motion sensors are not reading any
physical movement, while the blinds are raised to
take full advantage of the heat of the sun; when the
sun goes down the automated system lowers the
blinds to trap the heat inside and allow the heating
system to kick in as late as possible. According to reports by the Konnex consortium this kind of system
will save up to 50% of thermal energy and electricity
in a residential environment and may reach 70% for
office buildings.
The company board room. According to the
Konnex Consortium when automated systems
controlling darkening blinds, lighting and heating are used in an office environment savings of
up to 70% in thermal energy and electricity consumption can be achieved, as well as reducing
CO2 and fine dust emissions into the atmosphere. Savings are lower in the residential sector, but
will still reach 50%.
31
COMPANY PROFILE
The ancient secret of good living
Parà presents the new TEMPOTEST® collection
32
When designing the new TEMPOTEST® collection, the creative team at Parà took a step into the past, with lines, textures
and colours are inspired by Feng Shui. The collection is made
up of an incredible range of almost 450 variations, each
of which evokes a particular sensation: the collection came
about as the result of an attempt to recreate the perfect atmosphere for better living in every room.
The motto “The ancient secret to good living” appears by a
picture of the Colosseum sitting on zen sand, representing
the meeting point between two ancient civilisations that influenced our way of thinking and living.
Certain places have the great prestige of making visitors feel
at ease, while others fall short of extending the right kind
of welcome. We have all changed the layout of furniture in
our homes, trying out how a room feels with a bed or a sofa
in a different place. There are many reasons why, and some
of these are linked to Feng Shui, the popular Oriental discipline, the origins of which have been lost in time. Living in
harmony with the space that surrounds you, according to the
ancient secrets of Feng Shui, means living well with ourselves
and finding wellbeing in our homes.
It is incredible how in the third millennium, in the era of technology, man still draws inspiration from ancient traditions in
searching for those genuine guidelines that lead to balance
and wellbeing.
33
Feng Shui is increasingly popular in the West, where many architects and
interior designers design according to the ancient principles of this philosophy and seek to make the homes of their clients more people friendly. This
is what links Feng Shui and Parà: the creation, using TEMPOTEST® fabrics, of
ambiances where moments can be lived in absolute psychological-physical
wellbeing.
The new TEMPOTEST® collection is particularly rich with a proposal of 96
plain colours, a range of stripes, from the most classical to the most sophisticated, and an infinite series of designs that embrace almost any taste in
terms of colour, combinations and layout of stripes.
A number of different fabrics in the collection deliver
different performances. The fabrics Speciali Liberty,
Resinati, Grandi Altezze and Reverse combine to meet
every different use in any environment, whether
residential or public. Thanks to close collaboration
between Italian stylists and R&D researchers, Parà
has managed to combine style and performance in
a single collection. Happy Tempotest!
Élite Collection
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TEMPOTEST
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34
gance, and timeless colours. A collection suited to any environment, going
beyond fashion.
IL GIALLO AD OVEST
IL ROSSO A SUD
YELLOw In ThE wEST
RED In ThE SOUTh
Stimola la creatività
It
ve sti va
e de lla Ci na
l’i m pe ra tor
stimulates creativity
a ra gi on e
ve ve sti re
de
est
qu
ui
r
Sh
pe
ng
ll’o ro,
ite tt o Fe
il col ore de
m en ti
ch e un ar ch
Il gi al lo e’
ra le gli ele
ch e il col ore
e, e in ge ne
Gi al lo e’ an
te più
e ev oca il sol
tin
ch
Le
di gi al lo. Il
ore
.
ia
col
erg
o, il
ca lor e ed en
pr opr io la vor
pe r
sa zio ni di
du ra nt e il
re, in ve ce
e do na sen
e m olt o ch ia
lla na tu ra
cin a, qu ell
cu
ea tiv ità ,
la
r
più ca ldi de
pe
ca ric a e cr
ca te
di
dà
in
lo
o
al
son
gi
al lo
go de ar e ch e il
ca lde de l gi
o con il luo
fa tt i, ric ord
al tr et ta nt
Bi sog na , in
o, m a no n
il sog gi orn o.
zon a gi orn
la
con
ia
ar m on
ele m en ti in
rip oso .
sti na to al
IL BLU A nORD
BLUE In ThE nORTh
Sensazione di pace e fiducia
Feelings of peace and confidence
al N or d.
en to ac qu a,
l Fe ng Sh ui
ia to al l’e lem
ni fi ca to ne
Il bl u, as soc
sig
de
an
un gr
la ssa . Bl u
ha
ri
e
si
lor
e
co
ar isc e
Qu est o
m or e ch e gu
l’a
Po ic hé è il
e
a.
tt
ci
fle
di fi du
po ic hé ri
e di pa ce e
on
vv en tu ra
zi
l’a
sa
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sen
co
ia to
cr ea un a
ci elo è as soc
l
de
in te lle tt o
e
e
ll’
ar
de
co lor e
co lor e de l m
a bl u è il
in
ar
M
e.
ion
e l’e sp lor az
ez za .
e de lla sa gg
Colours in Feng Shui
Colours have a precise electromagnetic frequency and the ability to communicate directly with our subconscious. As a consequence, emotions and perceptions vibrate at the same frequency as colour and stimulate the senses, and, in turn, these
emotional perceptions stimulate the mental representations
they are associated with. For this reason, use of colour plays a
fundamentally important role in the correct design of a space,
it creates a sense of tranquillity or, on the contrary, it stimulates
our attention and activity.
RED: is good luck; it symbolizes luck, strength, success and fire.
It should be used with care because it stimulates the physique
powerfully. A perfect finishing touch for any room.
ORANGE: also activates the physique and appetite, and influences achievement and vitality.
BROWN: is the colour of the land, the colour of the tree trunk,
safety, love for ones origins, prudence, patience and tenacity. It
is excellent as a floor colour because it represents stability.
on e cin ese
ad izi
na , ne lla tr
pa rt iè di buon auspicio
de lla for tu
ng Sh ui in
è il sim bo lo
ros so. Ne l Fe
au spi cio ed
on luck
cc o
di bu
riz zon te è
good
nn o un fio
Il ros so e’For
sor ge da ll’o
o nu ovo ha
no n ap pe na
so
al i pe r l’a nn
ge a est ’ e
ve rso . Il ros
ni
sor
e
l’u
in fa tt i i reg
ch
ea
e
n sol
e ch e pe rm
so è com e ‘u
vit a pu rc hè
erg ia vit al
en
lla
di
de
e
col ar e, il ros
ili
nt
sor ge
spe ns ab
sen tim en ti in di
sim bo lo de lla
ori a ed in
pa ssi on e, ele
ros so fu oco ,
ce sso di vig
za e de lla
so viv o
cia re in ec
de lla pot en
ros
sfo
il
i,
ge
tt
ili
fa
è il col ore
Ch i pr ed
za pu ò, in
le pe rso ne .
en te
us i! La for
bi
ere
ab
am
ne
rim
ni
se
opp
og
n
no
re in
ris ch ia no di
r le fin itu
ut tiv i ch e
oca en erpe rf et to pe
m en ti di str
col ore ch e ev
il col ore è
:
di
ere
ta
m
no
te
Un a
te
un qu e
era da let to.
, è su ff ici en
no n de ve com
a al la ca m
qu e con te sto
da lla cu cin
re a qu al un
de lla ca sa ,
pu ò ad eg ua
si
e
ch
an za fis ica
gi a e pr est
re!
no n esa ge ra
IL VERDE AD EST
GREEn In ThE EAST
Evoca conoscenza e illuminazione
m e co lor e
rn az ion e. Co
ta , re in ca
Il ve rd e
im av er ile .
fi ca ri na sci
pr
ni
a
sig
it
e
esc
rd
Il ve
la cr
ch e
ra pp re sen ta
ag li al be ri
e
e
rd
ve
ta
er
no
ap
de l leg
il’a ri a
na tu ra , al
a e de ll’ ill um
la
nz
al
sce
to
no
ia
co
liè as soc
de lla
st ra m en te
E’ il co lor e
no
o.
la
en
e
ig
ar
oss
di la sci
rd e
do na no
di ci ò il ve
ci co ns en te
e
e
on
al
gi
qu
ra
il
in
na zi on e
za da
ri la ssa rsi ,
pe r la st an
gi ar e e di
r
te in di ca to
be ra di vi ag
re la x, e pe
rt ic ola rm en
il
pa
a
e
gn
er
re
ess
m as ia
po tr eb be
i pe r an to no
no di ac ce
cu
to
en
in
ns
o
co
og
e ch e ci
let to , il lu
re at te nst e al le po rt
fa
ve
na
a
ov
sog
nu
bi
en te
da re un a
ia
tà . Ov vi am
ti nt e te nu
’a ltr a re al
ili ge nd o le
de re ad un
l co lor e, pr ed
e.
de
iv
à
at
sit
gn
en
pi ù im pe
zi on e al l’i nt
son o as sa i
o scu re ch e
qu ell e m olt
It recalls knowledge and inspiration
BLUE: harmonizes the mind, it works on sincerity, and relaxes
the hormonal system. Blue reflects love that heals and relaxes, it
creates a sensation of peace and trust.
GREY: this is the colour of perfect neutrality. It is also the colour
of serious and refined elegance, a moment of calm. Silver, on the
other hand, is the colour of maturity.
GREEN: signifies the rebirth, the reincarnation. It helps rest and
is calming, a symbol for growth and freshness. It is the colour of
knowledge and illumination which helps to clear our minds to
wander and relax.
YELLOW: stimulates the mind, vitality, attention, learning and
study. Yellow delivers drive and creativity, elements in harmony
with daytime living.
WHITE: this colour, from the metal element, represents the
command, the leader, it can create mental instability.
BLACK: symbolizes a sense of defence, fear, shyness, arrogance
and worry.
It is also the colour that contains all the others thus representing
their potential rebirth at the end of winter.
35
TEMPOTESTSTAR
®
TEMPOTESTSTAR lighT
®
TEMPOTESTSTAR
An important part of a the new collection
by Parà is TEMPOTESTSTAR®, the line of fabrics made with an innovative fibre, 100%
Batch Dyed Polyester.
This project is the fruit of years of work
by the R&D office, which has managed to
create a fibre that has nothing to do with
the concept of “old thread dyed polyester”,
the great limitations of which outdoors
are very well known. TEMPOTESTSTAR® is a
true revolution in this field.
It is a batch dyed polyester: the colour, inserted into the fibre at the same time as its
extrusion, has an incredible resistance to
any atmospheric agent and in particular
the tiring action of the sun.
The polyester fibre TEMPOTESTSTAR® contains an addition of UV Absorbers that
make this material perfectly stable and
36
n e lc on d e n sa t i
o
n
so
i
u
h
S
ruga,
del Feng
ici, Tarta
ol
gnamenti
b
se
m
n
i
si
i
t
li
ol
a
M
nim
è un
i quattro a
a r t i c ol a r e
d
p
i
n
n
i
i
g
a
a
g
u
m
r
le i m
arta
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resistant to the action of UV rays.
“Flawless and Outstanding” is the motto
Parà uses to promote these fabrics, as this
new fabric features a notable resistance to
deformation and traction, therefore it is
particularly suitable for use in large structures, basket awnings, sail structures with
fabrics with grommets exposed to strong
traction, and boxed awnings.
With notable elastic recovery properties, it
resists any type of deformation maintaining an appearance perfectly in line with
the user’s wishes.
The range of TEMPOTESTSTAR® products
follow the Parà company philosophy,
namely to provide the market with a specific fabric for each specific use. This line
is in fact today made up of four different
qualities, each designed for specific uses:
- TEMPOTESTSTAR LIGHT®: 280 gr/m2, 120
cm in width, light but uniformly tenacious.
- TEMPOTESTSTAR RESINATO®: 310 gr/m2,
120 cm in width, impermeable for any ambiance, even outside in the rain.
- TEMPOTESTSTAR®: 360 gr/m2, 120 cm in
width, “Flawless and Outstanding”, ideal for
classical large bar and boxed sun awnings.
- TEMPOTESTSTAR FR RESINATO®: 375 gr/
m2, 116 cm in width, impermeable and
flame retardant, Class 1, B1, NFPA701-10,
MVSS 302 and IMO. “It does not play with
fire and is perfect for the public”
Today Parà proposes this fabric in a wide
range of more than 100 colours and designs.
The particular care taken when it comes to
colour choice and designs has meant Parà
can present a one of a kind collection that
compliments and completes its range of
sun protection fabrics.
37
COMPANY PROFILE
Home feeling
Cherubini presents the remote control with brightness
and temperature sensor for indoor
Cherubini is a company that has been for more than 40 years on the international
market of motion systems for sun protection devices, and now presents Skipper
Senso the remote control with brightness and temperature sensor for indoor with
LCD colour screen 1,8”.
Skipper Senso enables the desired light and temperature levels to be maintained
inside the room. Shutters and screens will automatically adjust when the set thresholds have been reached.
This remote control is easy to use: when desired light and temperature levels
have been set by the user the remote control is placed in the appropriate location
in the wall mounting bracket supplied.
During the summer months the Skipper Senso adjusts the opening and closing
of blinds and screens to provide protection from the sun’s rays, whilst in winter it
uses solar radiation to integrate the heating of the environment.
The intuitive graphical interface ensures the Senso’s ease of use.
Cherubini will exhibit Skipper Senso and all the new products at Made expo (Milan 17 – 20 October) hall 18, booth L41-P38 and at Equip’Baie (Paris, 13 – 16 November) hall 1, booth R51.
TECHNICAL FEATURES
Number of channels: 1
Consumption during operation: 90 mA
Visualization: LCD graphic display RGB 1,8’
Control device type: Joystick type
Irradiated RF power (ERP): 1 mW
Power supply: 2,4V - 3V dc
Consumption in the stand-by mode: 30 μA
38
Type of battery: 2 x LR03 (AAA)
Transmission frequency: 433,92 MHz
Modulation: AM/ASK
Decoder system: Rolling code
Operating range in open spaces: 100 - 150 m
Operating temperature: -10 °C + 50 °C
Dimensions (mm): 140 x 45 x 25
Weight: 100 g
Skipper Senso: just
the light you want.
Home screen navigation:
at first glance Skipper Senso provides
all the information you need.
39
Products and technology
to re-launch the construction sector
The fifth edition of MADE expo
40
The MADE expo fair, having now reached its fifth edition, will be held from
17th-20th October. This event dedicated to the various segments of the construction industry consists of four days of business and technical innovation
with a particular focus on sustainable building in all its forms.
MADE expo is being held in a difficult time for the construction industry that
is in recession for a variety of reasons, including payment delays and credit
flow problems. The event is therefore an important opportunity for the domestic market, which will find in MADE expo a number of concrete solutions
and responses as well as an opportunity for meeting and interaction between the international business community as a whole.
MADE expo presents a complete range of products and technology related
to housing, from the sites right up to the final project and architectural work
thanks to collaboration with Federcostruzioni and another 100 of the most
important associations in the field. The event this year has further expanded its product range, and for the first time is also incorporating the lifting
sector, the exhibition area being further enriched with a section dedicated
to lifts.
Accent on green thinking
The dominant theme of the 2012 edition being matters relating to environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. A “green” theme that will be
reflected in the halls of the exhibition, with a number of proposals relating
to the use of eco-compatible technologies and materials as well as an area
exclusively dedicated to renewable energy sources, both in numerous conferences and forums such as the Smart Village, an event dedicated to the
city of the future and the technical solutions to construct buildings that are
eco-sustainable and efficient from an energy point of view. Then there is the
AAA + A, –Agricoltura, Alimentazione, Architettura (i.e. Agriculture, Food, Architecture) forming an authentic green site where innovative projects combine with urban development and environmental respect. Green housing
and sustainable living solutions will also be the focus of the Green Home
Design Abitare il presente (Living the present),exhibition, which features
a cutaway view of an ideal town from an environmental point of view. Another novelty being the area dedicated to the partners of the Public Administration and Condomio App, an exhibition area dedicated to the world of
the condominium and tenant advisors.
The Forum della Tecnica delle Costruzioni (Forum of construction techniques) will take the form of a series of meetings that will provide an important opportunity for dialogue and discussion on some of the most technical
aspects of the construction and structural engineering spheres. There is also
an initiative entitled Borghi e Centri Storici (Hamlets and old town centres), dedicated to projects involving the upgrading of the smaller urban
centres, which form part of the true Italian heritage to be reclaimed and rediscovered.
The design world
MADE expo is also a reference point for the design
world. This year heralds the fourth edition of the
InstantHouse, competition which is this year dedicated to the theme of Temporary Housing, which
awards prizes to the best projects devised by the
students of the faculties of architecture, engineering and Industrial design from all over the world.
The project will be highly prestigious thanks also to
the important partnership with the fourth edition
of the Gold Medal Prize to Italian architecture organized by Triennale di Milano in collaboration with
MiBAC, the Italian Ministry of cultural heritage and
events.
MADE iProduct Info
Another exciting and novel aspect of the MADE
expo is the MADE iProduct Info service, that allows the exhibitor companies to distribute the promotional material on the exhibited products in an
innovative manner, through the integration of QR
codes and the web. Each exhibitor will be able to
download information on each of its products in a
specially dedicated area in the MADE expo site in a
digital format and thereby generate a QR code to
be printed and displayed alongside the product. So
that those visitors that are interested will then be
able to obtain all the digital information relating to
the product simply by reading the relative QR code
using either the Smartphone or Tablet, making it
possible to thereby create a customized catalogue
which will be permanently available on the web;
even after the exhibition. MADE iProduct Info is a
high-tech service which satisfies the growing digital and multi-media communication demands, with
the added benefit in that it is environment friendly
as it cuts down on paper consumption, whilst creating more direct and immediate interaction between exhibitors and visitors.
www.madeexpo.it
41
BRUELMOTION
The division of tubular motors of Bruel Group presents, as a
novelty, the series of tubular motors with the third limit switch
Pulse EV. This is a new application of the PULSE motors which
can be used in the case of adjustable shutters. As for the other
motors Pulse, the EV have a diameter of 45mm and a torque
which varies from 10 to 50Nm with a speed of 15 rpm, to the
one 50Nm with a speed of 12 rpm. The Pulse EV join to the classic electronic motors with electronic limit switch of E-series and
the motors with electronic limit switch and tension of the series
ED, very useful for the awnings. Motors can be combined to rolling code transmitters and, for awnings, to sun and wind sensors
that help to use the tents as a function of energy saving. The
range of electronic motors of the company is completed by the
Easy line Easy that combine the electronic limit switch to the
electromechanical motor.
HALL 11 – BOOTH N12
BT GROUP
The novelties premiered at the stand of
BT Group include the Vela Cube R310,
a shading awning with patented cloth
tensioning system built into the angled
uprights and controlled by a gas spring
mechanism. The uprights feature a micrometric system for angle adjustment.
The fabric used is polyester. Vela Cube
R130 is also equipped with a dual cable
system for safety and for aligning the
cloth during the folding motion.
HALL 18 – BOOTH B25 C28
42
CHERUBINI
A motor with electronic limit switch and Wave Wire Ø45 encoder will be launched at the Cherubini booth. The Plug&Play for
sun awnings: it is easy to install and easy to programme. In boxed awnings, it automatically regulates the closure limit switch.
In other types of awnings, both limit switches are programmed
by simple switch sequences. It does not need dedicated keybo-
DFM
Mollaplissè is a pleated, spring-operated insect screen with
overall dimensions of 28 mm. Mollaplissè leaves no cords on the
ground, thanks to its patented system which allows for its “hybrid” use between spring-operated and pleated. Its floor track
measures only 4 mm, not therefore constituting an obstacle
on the floor. Its innovative design was developed by designer
Lucia Di Francesco. Its aluminium blends harmoniously with all
ards for programming. The range goes from 25 to 50 Nm.
Skipper Senso will also be showcased, the light and temperature sensor for interiors, which keeps light and temperature at
the desired levels by automatically adjusting the shutters and
screens when the set levels are reached.
HALL 18 - BOOTH L41- P38
its other components and its box, despite its large size, always
keeps its overall dimensions small. Safe operation also for children and the elderly. Mollaplissè is the only spring-operated
screen on the market with coloured, anti-pollen and metallized
netting.
All screens are washable and certified.
HALL 18 - BOOTH P41-Q38
43
FRATELLI MARIANI
Fratelli Mariani is a leading European Manufacturer of Expanded Metals and Wire Mesh; MARIANItech Architectural Solutions
is the new Fratelli Mariani’s brand related to the Architectural
applications. MARIANItech products contribute, with innovative architectural solutions, in the cladding façade systems in
old refurbished building and in new one as well, modifying the
esthetical appearance of the constructions with projects which
gives new “light” and new “skin” to the residential and industrial
buildings. MARIANItech Expanded Metals and Wire Mesh can
G8 MOTORI
At the Made Expo, G8 Motors will launch the new photovoltaic
system for DC motors up to 50 Nm, with and without motion
assistance. Another novelty will be the new electric motor with
Autostop and Microadapting functions, on which the limit switch
can be adjusted using the remote control and can be combined
with wireless wind/sun sensors and a vibration sensor.
HALL 18 – BOOTH L 33
44
be manufactured in any materials like for example aluminium,
stainless steel, copper, brass, corten steel, galvanized steel, mild
steel , and other various alloys.
On these products is possible to apply surface treatments with
best technology available on the market like epoxy painting,
natural and coloured anodizing, hot dip galvanizing; these surface treatments highlight the design and the durability on the
life time of the products.
HALL 14 – BOOTH E29
MEHLER TEXNOLOGIES
Mehler Texnologies has added new products of various widths
and colours for lightweight textile architectures and sun protection products to its range that already spans more than 130
standard items:
• new PVC coated technical textiles, blackout and non-blackout,
flame retardant and non-flame retardant, embossed and not
embossed with Lowick yarn and PVDF coated blinds, in one colour, two-tone or striped;
• new technical textiles in high tenacity polyester for outdoor
applications, flame retardant and non-flame retardant, welded,
or stitched cloths, in widths of between 150 and 500 cm and
accessories;
• new micro-perforated PVC coated, transparent and monoenamelled fabrics for added protection, that are totally impermeable without sacrificing style.
The novelties include: the VALMEX® TF 400 technical textile for
durable coverings. Available in two versions: as an open-net fabric and with additional transparent coatings on both sides.
HALL 18 – BOOTH H25-L22
NAIZIL
Naizil will officially launch its new collection of
sun awning and solar protection fabrics at the
next Made Expo. The new Soleil collection introduces a product line called “Soleil Storico”
a new series distinguished by the elegant “Opaque Effect”, RotoMatt lacquering treatment.
Outstanding durability and long life performance, in addition to the prestigious opaque
finishing make this particular fabric ideal for
application in the most prestigious settings,
and what is more, the new fabric has excellent
size stability characteristics. In particular, the
new printed designs and embossed prints, also
treated with opaque effect lacquer, make the
range complete and one of a kind. In addition
to the new fabrics, the entire new range of Naizil products will be on display at the company’s
booth.
HALL 18 – BOOTH G25-H22
45
PARA’
It is quite incredible how in the third millennium, the age
of technology, man still draws inspiration from ancient traditions when searching for guidance on how to achieve
balance and wellbeing. When designing the new TEMPOTEST® collection, the creative team at Parà took a step
into the past, with lines, textures and colours are inspired
by Feng Shui. the collection came about as the result of an
attempt to recreate the perfect atmosphere for better living in every room, proposing more than 500 variations. 96
plain colours, a range of stripes, from the most classical to
the most sophisticated, and an infinite series of designs to
suit almost any taste in terms of colour, combinations and
layout of stripes. The collection includes different fabrics,
with different performance, to meet every user’s needs. A
selection of “Elite” fabrics completes this collection: minimalist designs, textures with material effects and an array
of plain colours.
HALL 18 – BOOTH H22 G25
PELLINI
Pellini will introduce a series of technological innovations and
products for ScreenLine® blinds for insulated glass units. In addition to this launch, the “warm edge” groove world make its
world debut, patented in collaboration with TGI, a practical and
aesthetic restyling of the motorized, rechargeable battery model of the “F” solar module. Other innovations at the company’s
stand include the new interior brushless motor, the V95, on
display alongside a new blade for built-in Venetian blinds, the
fruit of collaboration with leading European research institutions on nanotechnology and sizable company investment in
order to allow integrated screening on structural façades without fear of overheating the glass. The blind blade is coated
with an interferential filter calibrated to reflect the sun’s most
critical radiation, ensuring low, long infrared emissivity. The
advantages of using this product include reducing the temperature of the glass and the value g (lower than 10%), and notably reducing the Ug value compared to just insulating glass.
HALL 18 – BOOTH H43 L38
46
1
RESSTENDE
Resstende will be exhibiting in the Made Expo 2012 trade fair,
with a showcase dedicated to both technical outdoor blinds
and designer indoor blinds by Laylight.
Resstende will demonstrate their latest and innovative product
lines including: the Traction Kit (see photo 1), a forced traction
device with gas piston that guarantees efficient tension and stability of the fabric in strong winds; the Tachikawa collection (see
photo 2) - the chain operated freehanging blind ‘par excellence’
STOBAG
Thanks to its maximum size of 700 cm wide and 600 cm
overhand and new float winding roller technology, the terrace
awning with a proven track record, the Pergolino P3000/3500,
can now shade large surfaces equally as well. Delivering excellent standards of protection both in private contexts as well as
catering, lateral and front shading structures are also possible,
boosting the sensation of wellbeing. A supporting profile under
2
- Comfort, Duo and ROLL IT for homes and public buildings,
the ROLL It small blind may be adapted to minuscule windows.
During the show Resstende will also be launching the revolutionary battery operated QMotion system with touch control, a
simple tug of the hem is enough to operate the blind, opening
or retracting it to any of the preset intermediate positions.
HALL 18 – BOOTH C25-D28
the lateral guides provides a high level of stability to the structure. The integrated gas spring mechanism keeps the fabric at
constant tension no matter what position the awnings is in. The
powerful electrical action guarantees effortless operation. The
sophisticated technique with lateral guides guarantees an almost perfect view when the front profile is closed.
HALL 18 – BOOTH D11-E12
47
Sprech
At the Smart Village of Milan’s Made Expo, Sprech
will be exhibiting Atlantico, the new concept of
hospitality.
Sprech has contributed to the realisation of the
Smart Village, the big event on sustainability and
energy efficiency set in Hall 18.
Smart Village is an area covering over 2,000 sq.m
where designers and companies will meet to discuss standards and technologies for the building
industry focused on saving or generating energy.
HALL 18 – SMART VILLAGE
VELUX
The new solar shutter is part of the exclusive renewable energy Velux
product range. The solar technology uses renewable and clean energy,
without requiring structural work or modifications to existing electrical
systems. For this reason, it is particular suited to the residential renovation market. With its integrated photovoltaic cell in the upper slot,
the solar shutter collects the energy it needs to work by remote control,
improving the comfort of the space without consuming power. The minimal design of the shutters also means this innovative product is an
excellent fit with the line of the roof, with aesthetically pleasing results.
The installation is easy and fast, and can be done at any time on any new
or old Velux window.
HALL 9 – BOOTH A21-B30
48
Tendain.it
A web portal that is constantly
kept up-to-date with
the world of solar shading
IT’S NEW
IT’S FREE
Via del Carpino, 8 - 47822 Santarcangelo di Romagna (RN)
Tel. +39 0541 628439 - Fax +39 0541 624887 - www.publimaggioli.it - [email protected]
The richest archive
of shading system
and accessory
manufacturers. A
complete directory
including awnings,
technical blinds,
interior curtains,
machinery, tensile
structures, large
coverings and
automation systems.
Our mission:
increase the visibility
of the sector
WORKS & DESIGN
Alessandro Premier is a fellow professor of Architectural
Planning at the Iuav University in Venice.
Amina Dehò is a designer, and a member of the Colour and
Light Technologies department at the Iuav University in Venice
Large textile roofs
for sports events
Due interventi nell’Olympic Park di Londra
50
TENDA IN&OUT - GENNAIO/FEBBRAIO 2012
The projects
The use of textile coverings at major sports, local or religious events dates
back to ancient times. The ancient Praeneste Mosaic (80 BC) shows us that
large velaria were put up in front of temples in the Republic of Rome so
rites could be performed even on the sunniest days. The best known
example, however, is the grand velarium of the Colosseum, supported by
a wooden structure with poles inserted into special “pockets” in the wall
and manoeuvred by ropes. The use of velaria for solar protection during the
gladiator games was widespread, as shown in a number of representations
including a fresco in Pompeii dated 59 BC and
Trajan’s Column (113 AD). The sixteenth century
large textile coverings made by the Medici in
Florence and used in wedding celebrations and
other occasions are also well-known.
Large textile coverings today, evolutions of the
tensile structures developed by Vladimir Shukhov
at the end of the nineteenth century (in particular
51
Basketball Arena, full view
Basketball Arena,a closer look at the textile roof
the coverings for the Novgorod fair in 1895), continue this ancient tradition
associated with major events and large crowds.
Modern and contemporary large textile coverings include the Silverdome
Stadium (Pontiac, 1975), one of the biggest covered stadiums in America,
the Millennium Dome (London, 2000) designed by Richard Rogers and
the international airports of Denver and La Mecca, which have vast areas
covered entirely in fabric. Most of these projects use PTFE or PVC coated
glass fibre fabrics.
Economics and the great versatility of textile coverings were considerations
in some of the technological decisions regarding the construction of
buildings for the Olympic Games in London 2012. In particular, two buildings
stand out for their strategic use of textiles: the Basketball Arena and the new
Olympic Stadium.
The Basketball Arena is a temporary structure. It was built between October
2009 and June 2011 and the venue for the basketball and handball events at
the 30th Olympic Games, and wheelchair rugby and basketball events at the
14th summer Paralympic Games (source: Bloomberg Businessweek, 9 June
52
2011). The building is located in the North Olympic
Park, the area that will host the event, situated in the
Stratford neighbourhood of the area called Lower
Lea Valley, East London.
London’s bid for the Olympics 2012 included four
new “Arenas” in the Olympic area, but the number
was reduced to three in the revised Masterplan of
2006. The building have seat 12,000 for the Olympic
Games and 10,000 for the Paralympics. The Arena
will also be used as a holding area for athletes during
the opening and closing ceremonies. Because it is
one of the largest temporary constructions ever
built for the Olympic Games, the hope of much
public opinion in Britain is that, after the Games, it
can be reused in a different location.
The project was done by Wilkinson Eyre Architects
in collaboration with Sinclair Knight Merz and KSS
Design Group. The preliminary project was approved in June 2008 while
the executive project was delivered in November of the same year. A main
characteristic of the building is the complete construction of the envelope
(covering and perimeter walls) in synthetic fabric, a feature which, combined
with its prism shape, makes it similar to certain folding systems created in
the past by artist Christo (I refer to the covering of the Reichstag in Berlin in
1995).
The second intervention with a fabric roof was the new Olympic Stadium
in London. Completed in March 2011, the 80,000 seat arena will host the
opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games. The stadium will
be the focal point of the entire Games, hosting the main athletics and
Paralympics events. It is located in the south of the Olympic Park.
The building’s management programme states that it will host other sports
events at the end of the Games. The seating will be reduced: the first ring will
contain 25,000 seats.
The construction was built on an old industrial site surrounded by waterways,
on an island of sorts. The stadium itself is located on an island, after the
flows of the surrounding rivers were modified so access to the building will
be provided by suspended walkways over the water. The Olympic Area is
referred to as the “Stadium Island” over all official communication channels
used by the Organising Committee (LOCOG).
The engineering group that designed the work is Populous, a team
specialising in the design of buildings for sport and congress centres. On
13 October 2006, the Organising Committee confirmed they had selected
(without tender) Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd, Populous and Buro Happold to
begin negotiations with the hope of finding a contractor able to resolve the
executive design and works management for the new Olympic Stadium.
The only one with the ability to fulfil all the requirements was Populous
(already known by the name HOK Sport) which had previously designed the
Emirates Stadium, “home” of Arsenal F.C., as well as the Olympic Stadium for
the Games in Sydney in 2000.
Initially, an agreement was made with the football teams West Ham and
Tottenham Hotspur for use of the stadium after the Olympics. The agreement
with West Ham fell through because of differences with the other team
involved. The Olympic Park Legacy Company (OPLC) then decided that the
stadium, which had in the meantime cost GBP 760 million, would remain
public and that a new management bid would be organised (see BBC News,
17 October 2011).
A feature of the stadium is the ring of textile roofing over a good section of
the seating (about 2/3 of the depth of the seating). It was built on the premise
of one of the most traditional solutions: a series of sections connected to
each other and extending to the external edge of the construction towards
the inner ring. A concept that is vaguely similar to ancient textile coverings
over the Coliseum, where, however (according to historical reconstructions)
the textile sections were separated and could be retracted.
The new stadium has drawn contrasting opinions in the media and in
public opinion. The possibility of dismantling each part of the structure
and the roof helped to promote the idea economics and sustainability were
considerations in the design stage. The design of the building drew the most
heated criticism. Ellis Woodman (critic from the publication Building Design)
questioned its iconic value, especially when compared to the stadium in
Peking, the “nest” designed by Herzog & de Meuron, symbol of the entire
Olympic event in 2008. Tom Dyckhoff, architectural critic for The Times,
highlighted how the low profile decision, motivated by cost savings, is the
symptom of an evident decline in the West compared to the growing power
of the East, and countries such as China. Many doubts have emerged on the
possible reconversion of the stadium after the Olympic Games, an argument
that still today (March 2012) remains an open question (see Amanda Baillieu,
Building Design magazine).
Opinions on the temporary structure by Wilkinson
Eyre Architects for the Basketball Arena are, on the
other hand, unanimously positive. In addition to
the option of being able to completely dismantle
and move the building, the partial transparency of
the building’s textile façade can be used as a large
luminous screen that brightens and colours the
Olympic Park night sky.
Construction technology and material
The two buildings share the same construction
technology: a demountable lightweight steel
structure, wrapped or covered by a fabric skin
supported by a combined system of secondary
fabric frame or steel anchor logs.
Architect Mario Kaiser, Olympic Park building
coordinator and supervisor to the British
authorities, explains how construction technology
and material decisions with a low environmental
impact, particular attention to raw materials, use of
local skills, and the convertible nature of the entire
project were determining factors in the decision
making process. The aspect that appears to be
the most influential was, however, the designs by
delivery partners, namely private costs – and
especially the risks – with the public - for the entire
operation, right down to its final completion. The
public committee played a strategic but “weak’ role
and instead relied “heavily” on the technical and
management experience and the know-how of the
companies involved.
Basketball Arena
The Basket Ball Arena has a stage, the only permanent
element of the building, built from LCC (Low Carbon
Concrete). One of the committee’s specific requests
was to have a spectacular multimedia building, but
one with a low impact on the environment, with
rapid assembly times and limited costs.
The construction technology used is dry mounted,
with a sequence of trusses with lattice beams and
pillars make up the skeleton of the building. It
took approximately three weeks to assemble one
thousand tons of iron. At the end of the Olympic
Games, two thirds of the building will be taken
down and reconverted.
The supporting structure is wrapped in a polyester
fibre membrane in PVC (coated polyester fibre) with
an overall extension of about 25,000 square meters.
It has 5% transparency to allow natural light to
come in through the façade and cast the LED backlit
system outwards. The covering, needed in order to
properly light the venue, is totally obscured by an
internal darkening membrane.
The textile modules, as wide as a span (about 6 m)
and as long as 30 m, weigh approximately 750 kg
each. They were brought to the building site wound
on pre-assembled bobbins, 50 m wide and 2.5
in length. On the façade, they are attached to the
53
Olympic Stadium, from above
54
upper part of the structure and roll upwards. The
beams are attached in the centre of the roof and
extend to the façade modules. The perception of
continuity is provided by the module attachment
method for the membrane through aluminium
profiles that are painted white.
On the façade, semi-circular tubular elements
overhand 1 – 1.5 m were mounted which provide
the three-dimensional movement and boost the
backlit effect.
The internal part of the building is connected
to the main structure and integrates different
types of opaque or semi-transparent modular
vertical partitions assembled on dry structure in
metalworking. This internal structure supports
various levels of the seating.
Olympic Stadium
The first two levels of the stadium, one of which
is a basement level, are built using a partially
prefabricated construction process with elements
of reinforced cement. The factory buildings, used for
receiving and distributing, are positioned in a radial
pattern around the sports field area. The support
structures of the demountable steel seating are
located above the first level of permanent seating.
The external shell is a steel structure with tubular
steel elements assembled on site. The slanting
pillars create two 14 triangular spans which define
an overall 900 m circumference.
On the first, at a height of 20 m, two roofing options
are possible. The first is a fabric with more than 15%
transparency onto which images and films can be
projected for animation using a backlit LED system.
The second option is an OLED monitor system
without back-lighting. The second level, a ring
lattice beam, extends 8 m above the roof it supports.
The roof covering part of PVC coated polyester. The
various elements are assembled using a technique
that combines welding and stitching. There are
approximately 130 modules, each 160 square
metres tall. The modules are fastened together
by aluminium frames in a radial pattern, which in
turn are supported by the main structure and steel
anchor rods.
The textile coatings
Heavy coated fabrics have been used as architectural
membranes for some decades now. Currently,
the types of structural fabric used for roofing and
external coverings are PVC coated polyester fibre,
55
PTFE coated glassfibre, silicon coated glassfibre, PTFE coated Tenara® and
ETFE.
PVC coated polyester fabric and PTFE coated glassfibre are the most widely
used for their resistance to traction. The first is also class 1 fire resistant (BS
7837:1996 EU), while the second is flame-resistant.
The PVC coated polyester fibres have up to 8% transparency, a variable
density of between 650 gr/sqm and 1050 gr/sqm and may have a discreet
colour variant, especially for lower densities. The glassfibre has a transparency
factor of up to 12% with average density of 800 gm/sq m and a very limited
range of colours. The thermal insulation parameter is not a vital factor given
the application in unheated areas. However fair levels of insulation can be
achieved using double membrane composite structures with an interlayer
of insulating material. A certain degree of transparency can also be achieved
by using insulating materials such as Nanogel or
Aerogel. Sound insulation is limited to damping high
frequencies. The transparency factor of different
types of structural fabric are also interesting
depending on the increasingly demand to integrate
lighting, back-lit or projection systems. Cleaning
and maintenance of the external structural fabric
surfaces is a consideration of primary importance:
research laboratories are working to boost product
performance through the use of lacquers and
films with elevated self-cleaning properties. PVDF
lacquers (polyvinylidene difluoride) or titanium
dioxide deliver a similar performance to PTFE.
Summary of works
Basketball Arena
Type: temporary building;
Dimensions: height 35m, length 115 m, width 96 m;
Seating: 12,000 Olympics, 10,000 Paralympics;
Roof: PVC coated Polyester, 20,000 sqm;
Construction technology: fully demountable steel structure
on LCC - low carbon concrete base (45% less carbon emissions
in production compared to traditional cement);
Architectural Design: Wilkinson Eyre Architects, KSS
56
Olympic Stadium
Type: partially permanent building;
Dimensions: height 30 m, length 320 m, width 240 m;
Seating: 80,000 Olympic, 50,000 Paralympic ( 25,000 permanent seats and 55,000 demountable seats);
Roof: PVC coated Polyester, 16,000 sqm; Construction technology: foundation base, structures on basement level and
first floor in LCC (low carbon concrete). Roofing structure,
stair support and roof in metalworking Architectural Design:
POPULOUS
Tenda In&Out
Tenda International
www.tendain.it
All the companies ,
products and system
for solar shading ,
available to browse
or just a click away.
Via del Carpino, 8 - 47822
Santarcangelo di Romagna (RN)
Tel. +39 0541 628736
Fax. +39 0541 624887
www.tendain.it
www.periodici.maggioli.it
www.publimaggioli.it
[email protected]
COMPANY PROFILE
Home automation,
energy saving and comfort
The Mondrian gearmotors by Came are compatible with the hei home automation system
An integral part of the Art - Advanced Revolution Technology – tubular motor line, Came has launched its latest line, an
innovative generation of gearmotors for Mondrian sun awnings, screens and shutters. The line is ideal for the most diverse applications, coming in a wide range, with motors of different diameters and load capacities, operating small shutters
as easily as heavy gates weighing up to 370 kg. Came gearmotors are perfect for new buildings as well as for renovations,
even without prior installations.
The option of integrating the Mondrian tubular motors with
hei (the Home Evolution Idea) means shutters and darkening
systems in the home can be programmed and managed centrally, and at the touch of a finger. The simple action of opening and closing awnings and shutters has evolved into a global “home automation” concept, providing total control at any
moment in time and in any home setting. Integration of the
Mondrian motors with the Came home automation system
means the organization of every device in the home, at set
times, even when nobody is home, thanks to the pre-set clock
that makes sure the shutters are closed. Came home automation system feature pre-set scenarios, which combine opening
and closing of the shutters in a single command, along with a
series of pre-set actions (from turning on the lights to activating the alarm system), which can be operated anywhere, with
a single touch, from the heiTouch touchscreen or a mobile
device, even from outside the home, in line with the homeowner’s needs.
Getting the temperature in the home absolutely perfect is
now easier than ever with the Mondrian range which does
its part towards optimizing the home climate. A temperature
sensor is available as an optional, and automatically regulates the opening and closing of the shutters according to the
weather conditions outside. This way the light and the sun’s
rays can be personalized, at the same time the home is pro-
58
59
Mondrian M6
Mondrian M9
Mondrian 4
tected from any adverse atmospheric agents and notable savings
are attainable in regard to air conditioning costs in the summer and
heating in the winter.
The range
The wide range of gearmotors for awnings and shutters, guaranteed for 5 years (nechanical stop version), presents different solutions that respond to the most diverse home needs.
The Mondrian 4, 230V tubular motor, designed to drive small shutters and darkening screens, is ideal for small housing. With a diameter of just 35 mm, it lifts shutters weighing between 17 and 28
kg. Every motor incorporates a mechanical stop with a device that
regulates to the millimeter, which automatically stops the shutter
when it is fully opened (or closed), without the user having to keep
a finger on the movement control.
Mondrian 5
60
The Mondrian 5 and Mondrian 6, designed and built to operate
shutters, awnings or darkening systems of different capacities,
weighing between 18 and 171 Kg, are recommended for new as
well as renovated buildings. The 230V tubular motors differ in diam-
eter and lifting capacity. The Mondrian 5 has a 45 mm diameter and
lifts between 18 and 92 kg in weight. The Mondrian 6, with a 55 mm
diameter, operates awnings and shutters between 114 and 171 kg
in weight. The two new tubular systems are also available in the “M”
version which integrates an emergency manoeuvre, whereby the
awning can be raised manually even when there is no power. The
Modrian 5 is also available in the “Q5” version, featuring ultra silent
mechanics which makes the automatic device imperceptible to the
ear and particularly suitable for application on shutters on blocks of
flats or places where silence is vital, such as hospitals.
The Mondrian 9 can lift up to 370 kg and can also be used for roller
blinds. It is the evolution of a series with integrated emergency maneuvering.
Installation of all the motors in the series is simple and fast: the attachment supports guarantee maximum efficiency and easy installation of the tubular motor even in small size housings, while the
adjustment screws are accessible from both sides of the automatic
device, a characteristic that aids regulation of the stop points no
matter what position the motor is in.
61
works & design
Italian-made solar
shading in Boston
Resstende the name behind the sun screens
at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
62
Renzo Piano has designed the new extension to the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. In this new
wing that features venues for both concerts, exhibitions
and halls, the sun screens have been designed by Resstende.
The Boston system which has been conceived for external applications and specifically developed for this
project, features a sober and exclusive design, using a
specific technique; and highly flexible and adaptable to
a whole variety of different façades thanks to its great
versatility.
This screening makes use of a 8mm diameter rod made
of AISI 316 stainless steel complete with spring elements to compensate for thermal expansion. The fixture
brackets made of AISI 316 stainless steel have been specifically designed, and it also features a rounded housing box CT110 of 116 mm in diameter made of extruded aluminium and which consists of a fixed part and a
mobile inspectable section. The structure is coated with
epoxy powder RAL 9006.
Angelo Furia, Project and design manager of Resstende,
explains that the intrinsic versatility of the Boston pro-
63
64
duct has made it possible to integrate a whole range of
different awnings making use of the same base structure adding that: “in the angle versions the standard system
is further enhanced by a series of technical details such as
the innovative Traction kit, a forced traction element that
assures an adequate degree of fabric tension thanks to a gas
piston, guaranteeing the stability of the awning even in high
winds. Whilst in the open-out angle structures, the Boston
opening system makes use of an articulated guide system to
permit window opening. The awning movement being assured by the specifically adapted traction system previously
described.”
The fabric used for the awning is part of the Resstende
Cool Collection (Satiné 5500 - cod. 30618) which has filtering properties as well as being flame retardant and assuring excellent resistance to the light and external agents.
While for the interiors a variety of awning systems have
been developed such as the Wintermeeting system, boasting a level of quality and technical complexity on a par
with that of the external systems.
65
COMPANY PROFILE
Comfort, design and technology
Markilux presents new products
markilux 1700
66
markilux 6000 with “concertronic” technology and ith “silentec” technology
Quality and durability, visual elegance and high economic value – these are
the attributes of a markilux awning, Schmitz Werke division.
More than 60 patents for awnings were registered in the past years. Beside
numerous innovation rewards, the Schmitz Werke received for its markilux
products the iF Product Design Award in 2001 and 1999, 2006 and 2009 the
reddot design award for visually attractive product design. In 2004 the newly patented awning fabric sunsilk SNC was added which is characterised by
its particular luminosity and a unique dirt-repellant effect. In 2010, the Schmitz Werke also received the award “Best Open Innovator 2010” of the Handelsblatt Conference “Open Innovation” among others for the development
of the concertronic technology of the folding arm awning markilux 6000 – a
new sound technology where the awning acts as body of sound.
Beside the production of awnings, the company also produces in other business areas awning fabrics, outdoor textiles and decorative fabrics. This double competence as producer of awnings and textiles ensures that the creative
heads at the Schmitz Werke are always open for technical novelties lending a
unique image to the products.
Here you can find some of the newest products of
this German company.
markilux 1700
The new folding arm awning markilux 1700 won the
red dot design award in 2012. With its soft, organic
contours and harmoniously modules that merge into
one another, in almost playful fashion the torque bar
and cover tube appear to meld into the tear-shaped
end caps. The rounded extension profile is subtle in
its elegance. The markilux 1700 is highly adaptable
thanks to a practical modular system. It is available
as an open awning, but also as the 1710 cassette variant. From 2013 it will replace the olderopen awning
models like the markilux 1200, 1100 and 1300. In this
segment it is also the first model to be equipped as
standard with the low-maintenance Bionic tendon.
67
Teatime Collection
The new ‘Teatime collection’ focuses on trendy pastel colours, matching the
colourful flower beds in the garden: Soft, thin stipe patterns in soft tones of
green, blue, red, violet and rose meld with subtle shades of grey and beige.
This cover collection features not only new designs, but also a new material.
Fort Teatime markilux wanted a completely new fabric and, after years of development work, presents sunvas SNC, a high-quality polyester fabric, that
has highly lightfast colours, is resistant to UV, weather and water and light.
With its slightly fibrous textile cover quality it reminds of spun-dyed acrylic
covers.
In contrast to these, however, the sunvas fabric can be dyed individually,
thus permitting greater colour diversity and more individual patterns
Teatime Collection
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markilux 8800
The new markilux 8800 conservatory awning comes
to life through contrasting shapes. Angular guide
rails meld perfectly into a round cassette. A break
from traditional conservatory awning design, the
awning is strong on contrasts yet perfectly harmonised. Its angularity reflects contemporary conservatory design and ensures perfect harmony between
structure and shade solution.
The 8800 rings in a new generation of conservatory awnings at markilux. It will replace the current
markilux 8000 at the end of this year, and at the
markilux 8800
same time form the basis for the new pergola system. The cleverly designed
markilux 8800 also allows for shading of even larger areas than its predecessor, with maximum unit width up to seven metres wide and five metres of
projection. Combined with the “zip system”, in which the cover runs through
a zipper insert in the guide rails, which ensures both improved wind resistance and a closed unit effect.
markilux 6000 with “concertronic” technology and with “silentec”
technology
An awning housing which acts like a loudspeaker and generates music – an
unconventional approach. Yet the new, patented “concertronic technology”
surprises with remarkable sound quality.
This new technology, which is controlled via cable,
utilises the awning as a resonance chamber to produce music without the use of any loudspeakers
whatsoever. In another development step this will
also become possible using a Smartphone App via
WLAN.
If you want a low-noise motor operation, silentec
technology makes the markilux 6000 awning motor
whisper.
Thanks to special insulation the mechanical noise
generated by automated awnings during extension
and retraction can be substantially reduced.
69
TECHNOLOGY
Marco Galloni
Marco Galloni is a journalist and a designer of systems
for the routing nd conditioning of audio-video signals
The actuator side
It’s a tough job but someone has to do it; closing high voltage electrical contacts, raising and
lowering blinds and shutters, opening awnings, controlling the intensity of artificial light
sources… When it comes to automated systems actuators are doing all the work!
70
Fig. 1 – A diagram of a system
1
with three actuators built on the
Konnex backbone. The actuators,
one for the Venetian blinds, one for
dimmers and a selector actuator
receives commands from two
switches, one of which is a digital
temperature control, from a binary
input and from an on/off switch for
the HVAC system. The backbone
can be up to 1,000 meters (and even
more if you use drivers), and thanks
to actuators considerable loads
can be controlled even at great
distances.
2
Fig. 2 – The Konnex bus / KNX as per
Figure 1 can be structured in three
ways: online, star, tree - the ring
configuration is not recommended
by Konnex as it is associated with
a number of drawbacks such as
ground loops and conflicts between
the devices connected to it. The
choice of configuration depends on
the characteristics
This article examines devices called actuators that are tasked with activating (hence the name), certain functions such as raising or lowering shutters,
opening and closing blinds, turning HVAC systems on and off etc., in an automated system. If the control unit is the brain of the automated system, the
actuators are its arms and muscles. Just one more thing before we begin; in
order not to over-complicate the discussion we will deal with three types of
actuators, electric motors, relays and dimmer lights, although their connection with shading systems will become clearer later.
What do actuators do?
In figure 1 we see the diagram of an automation system, using a Konnex/
KNX bus, in which three different actuators appear, one for Venetian blinds,
one for dimmers and a selector switch actuator. A power supply provides
the electricity to operate these actuators the operator interface / system can
be seen in the upper part of the diagram. There is not sign of computerised
71
Fig. 3 – Most types of motors for awnings
and shutters are derived from single-phase
asynchronous three-phase motors with
the addition of a capacitor. We can see the
diagram here: the capacitor is connected to
the ends of the two live windings. In this way
the unconnected winding is brought to the
same electric potential of the other two; the
capacitor has the effect of linearising the load
and restoring the voltage/current phase shifts.
3
Fig. 4 – A synoptic table for the calculation of the
torque of an electric motor as a function of the
weight of the shutter and the diameter of the
winding roller: for roller shutters weighing between 3 and 15 kg mounted on roller 40 mm engine
torque values of between 3 and 10 N m are
recommended; for 80 kg roller shutters mounted
on 130 millimetre rollers 120 N m motors are
required. Between these two extremes a wide
range of other solutions are possible.
4
components or of a control panel – the part of the automation system that
does the “thinking”. Indeed as far as we can tell, the diagram might not even
be of an automations system, but it will our purposes nicely just the same.
According to Konnex specifications this system may have a linear, star or
tree format (but not a ring type: see figure 2). The maximum length of the
bus is 1,000 metres and 64 devices can be connected to it. The maximum
distance between the power input and the actuator is 350 metres while between two power sources, when two are used, this distance cannot be less
than 200 metres. Thanks to the Konnex bus it is thus possible to control de-
72
vices at a distance of 1000 meters and even more if
you use line drivers. Relays. It is here that we begin
to understand just how important actuators can be;
automation systems are valuable in their own right
but they cannot operate without actuators. However actuators can also be useful in conventional, nonautomated systems. In their simplest form they can
control an open/close switch on a motorised blind,
which may not be necessary when the distance be-
tween the switch and the motor is short but should
the distance be longer or the motor have a load
that is higher than the switch can safely handle, it
is no longer possible, or advisable not to use an actuator. Indeed Ohm’s law states that the higher the
intensity of the current and/or the resistance of the
conductor, the greater the reduction in voltage and
an excessive drop in voltage may impair the operation of the motor. An actuator will solve this problem: The switch sends voltage to the actuator which
absorbs it while the motor operating the awning is
powered directly by the line at 230 volts. The actuator closes the circuit by means of a relay that carries
the 230 volt current to the motor. In this way even
very powerful motors can be operated provided, of
course, that the output of the actuator is sufficient
to drive them. At this point we need to define when
the term actuator means. This definition is understandably quite wide; in the case cited above we
used the device to operate a motorised blind, but
since the motor itself is also an actuator what we
have is one actuator controlling another or if you
prefer an intermediary actuator and an end actuator. This is not true of the dimming actuator featured in diagram Figure 1, which powers the lights
directly. Meanwhile devices operated via a selector
switch actuator can be intermediary or end types
for example the kind of relays that activate motors,
thermal valves and others.
5
Fig. 5 – Relay operation principle: in the upper part
of the diagram the winding (1) is de-energized,
no current passes through it, in this case the left
and centre contacts (3) are closed forming a short
circuit; when the latter relays current to the winding it attracts the anchor or rocker (2) electromagnetically which it turn opens the left and centre
contacts and short-circuits the central and right
contacts. A relay like the one shown above is of the
SPDT type (Single Pole Double Throw, single pole /
double contact).
Motors and phase shifts
The phenomenon of falling voltage we mentioned
before it actually more complex than the static form
of Ohm’s law allows. The problem is that the electrical conductor is not a pure resistance (see box), but,
in fact quite a complex circuit, with components
that include resistors, capacitors and inductors, the
latter causing phase shifts in voltage/current that
can result in the loss of significant amounts of the
energy transferred, especially when the conductor is used to power difficult loads such as electric
motors. What we just said about inductive and capacitive components is even more applicable to
motors. The electric motor does not provide ideal
resistance: the output of a load of this kind is no
longer given by the expression W = VI, as in the
case of purely resistive loads, but by this one: W =
VI cos φ. Cos φ, i.e. the cosine of the phase voltage
/ current (φ), appears at the second element and it
is this factor that causes energy loss. The wider the
phase shift angle, the lower the value of its cosine
(cosine function has a maximum value equal to 1 in
modules). If the degree of phase shift is zero, i.e. if
the load is purely resistive, the cosine is 1 (cos 0 ° =
1); there is therefore no loss of energy and the expression for the calculation of the current coincides
73
6
The GLR-HD-2P relay, designed
for heavy duty applications can
drive practically anything from
incandescent light bulbs to electric motors up to 1.5 HP (220/277
Vac). The energising winding operates using 24 Vdc and is powered
by red and blue wires you see on
the right of the diagram. On the
left you will recognise the two output terminals, each of which will
take up to 20 ampere/480 Vac.
6
with the static formula W = VI. But if the phase angle is not zero, its cosine
takes values increasingly less than 1: for example 30° is 0.86, at 60° its value
is 0.5, at 90 ° it even reaches 0. Therefore it follows that cos φ, represents a
power drain as we said above. 100 watts of power delivered on a purely resistive load, for example, is reduced to 86 watts if the load generates a phase
shift of 30°, 50 watts if the phase shift is 60° and, at least in theory, 0 watts if
the phase shift is 90° Fortunately in the real world phase shifts are smaller.
The motors used for awnings and shutters are almost all of the single-phase
asynchronous type, obtained by modifying a three-phase motor (see Figure
3); they have a capacitor which puts the winding not in use at the same
electrical potential as the two windings receiving power. This capacitor has
the additional benefit of making the load more linear and reducing the voltage/current phase shifts. This leads to values of
cos φ close to 1, with power
losses and disturbances in the network reduced to practically zero. However
when possible, users should check the cos φ of the engine they are planning
to buy, and once again, its value, again should be as close as possible to 1; in
addition to this make sure you use short, good quality cables to carry power
to the motor.
74
Fig.6 – Non-automated two
shutter control system: CX2 is
used in the device as a relay,
(see diagram in Figure 7) which
manages the exchange between the two local switches (L), the
diverter general (G) and the motors of the two shutters. In order
for the system to operate it must
be fitted with automatic return
switches. When the system activates the general diverter switch
the local switches are excluded
and the two shutters are raised/
lowered simultaneously; on the
contrary if the general diverter
switch remains in the “off”
position the two local switches
will become operative.
7
The choice of the motor based on torque
Among the actuators we are examining here this is the only motor that has
not only electronic but mechanical parameters. As well as supply voltage,
absorption, wattage and the like the manufacturers also supply data on
speed and torque. This data is essential when choosing a motor for awnings
or blinds you intend to incorporate into an automated system. They are usually given in RPM (Revolutions per Minute). And here we must distinguish
between the turns of the rotor and those actually applied to the awning.
An electric motor, by its nature, rotates too quickly to be applied directly to
a roller shutter or an arm type awning, it is therefore necessary to reduce
the number of revolutions by means of gears similar to those used for cars
or bicycles. The reduction ratio is very high for awning and blind motors.
Consulting manufacturers’ catalogue we discover that the majority of motors operate at between 12 and 30 revolutions after reduction starting with
rotor rotations from 1850 to 2450 RPM. As for torque, this expression refers
to the torque applied to the transmission, that is say, the power the engine
generates in terms of push or pull. Torque is expressed in Nm (Newton meter), although the correct expression would be N m (with a space between
two letters) or N • m, with the dot indicating the scalar product, you may
sometimes find it declared in kilogram-metres (kgm), the ratio of Newtons
to meter-kilos is as follows: 1 kgm = 9.81 N m.
Choosing a motor is far from easy. Fortunately, the more reliable manufacturers supply tables and graphs that help quite a bit. In Figure 4 we see an
example of this: it is a summary table that relates the weight of the shutter
to the roller diameter and provides the torque that the engine must have at
Fig. 7 – An electrical diagram
of the CX2device referred to
in Figure 6. A relay manages
exchanges between local
switches D1 and D2 and the
general diverter switch D3 and
of roller shutter motors (M1,
M2): the switches D1 and D2
respectively control the motors
M1 and M2. By activating the
general diverter switch the
system by-passes switches D1
and D2 are the motors are operated simultaneously from D3.
75
8
a glance. The table is easy to consult and understand: to increase/decrease
blind weights of between 3 and 15 kg mounted on 40mm diameter rollers,
for example, torque values between 3 and 10 Nm are sufficient; drive torque
of 120 Nm is required for heavier roller blinds (80 kg) mounted on 130mm
rollers and so on.
Versatile and very reliable relays
Now we have discussed motors we will move on to relays whose operating
principle is shown in the diagram Figure 5. A relay is essentially an electromagnetically controlled switch or 3-way switch. Looking at Figure 5 you will
recognise the three parts that make up this component: the winding (1),
the still or rocker (2) and the mobile contacts (3). The operation of the relay
is easily explained: when the winding is not energized, that is when no current is passing through it, the armature is in its rest position and the left and
central contacts are closed and short-circuited. When you send current to
the winding it attracts the anchor and opens the left / centre contact and
closes the central / right.
The relay is one of the most versatile actuators and has a virtually limitless
range of applications, as demonstrated by the GLR-HD-2P (see photo). Manufactured by a leading American manufacturer of automation devices, the
GLR-HD-2P is a two-pole relay for heavy (heavy duty) and three-phase loads.
76
Fig. 8 – Diagram of a system for automating lights, curtains, skylights,
HVAC systems, and more; the core of
the system consists of the dimmers
DIM-1DIM4U and DIN-A08, the first
controls four, 5amp (max) lighting
loads the second the management
of as many lighting channels as
Protocol 0-10V allows; properly
programmed, this type of system
improves lifestyle and comfort as
well as saving significant amounts
of electricity and heat.
It can handle everything from incandescent light
bulbs, low voltage magnetic and electronic devices,
cold cathode neon lights and fluorescent bulb ballasts, high intensity discharge devices, LEDs, motors,
electronic ballasts. The current carrying capacity depends on the type of load connected to the outputs:
20 ampere/480 Vac for use of a general nature, 2400
watt/120 Vac for tungsten lamps, 0.5 HP motor to 110 / 125 Vac, 1.5 HP motors 220/277 Vac; the energised winding operates in direct current at a low
voltage of 24 volts. The relay in question is designed to operate as part of automation systems; in this case it is the control unit which sends or shuts off
power to the winding. But the GLR-2P-HD can also be used as a stand alone
manual control, controlled by a switch on the 24 volt line that the operator can use safely, in compliance with IEC 64-8 on low voltage circuits (Extra
Low Voltage). Figure 6 shows an example of a relay used for the control of
two non-automated shutters; the relay is contained in a device called CX2,
whose diagram is shown in Figure 7: the CX2 device receives commands as
input coming from two local switches ( L) and a general switch (G); when it
acts on the general diverter (G) the local diverters (L) are excluded and the
two shutters are raised/lowered simultaneously; if, on the contrary, the general diverter remains in the off position you can use the two local switches.
The relationship between dimmer and electric motors
Finally we come to the dimmer function. This term derives from the verb
to dim (blur, weaken) and explains it function perfectly: A dimmer is a device used to vary the intensity of artificial light sources such as lamps, lights,
spots, fluorescent tubes and the like. In some ways the dimmer is related to
shading systems since they allow the user to control the amount and intensity of natural light-dimmers do the same with artificial light. In an automation
system, the dimmer works in symbiosis with the automation system controlling blinds and awnings, it is a sort of alter ego that collaborates to achieve
common goals, such as comfort, energy savings, reduction of pollution. On
summer evenings, for example, blinds can be raised automatically and awnings closed, while the dimmer increases the intensity of artificial lighting.
Exactly the opposite occurs in the morning, any lights that are on such as the
In this photo you can see an
awning with motorised arms
and some spotlights mounted
on the ceiling and controlled by
dimmers. The motors for awnings
and dimmer lights are very different devices from a technological
standpoint, yet the functions they
perform have much in common:
both supply light, natural light
for the motorised awnings and
artificial light from the dimmers.
77
porch or garden lights, are turned off and the awnings and blinds are once
again put to use to protect from excessive sunlight. Figure 8 shows an example of this symbiosis: the main lighting system is controlled by a 4-channel
dimmer rated at 5 amps maximum for each output (DIM-1DIM4U), a second
actuator (DIN-A08) controls another 4 channels on protocol 0-10V and at the
same time opens/closes the valves of the HVAC system while a third actuator
(DIN-AP2) receives signals and controls voltages via a wall switch, an alarm
contact, a motion sensor and a light sensor, and controls two Venetian blinds,
indoor curtains and the skylight.
Dimmers and motors often have another thing in common: the power regulation system. In most cases the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM, see box) is
used for this function, a technique whose main advantage is its high conversion efficiency. The PWM allows the system to change the intensity of artificial light sources or the speed of electric motors without the waste of energy
typical of the old dimmer and electromagnetic regulators.
The dimmers and speed controls that were used in the past absorbed the
same power whether the load received 98% or 15% of the energy and the
LOhm’s Law and Electric Conductors
Ohm’s law expresses the relationship between the voltage or
difference in potential between an electrical conductor and the
current that flows through it. The conductor has, in respect of
the electric current, a resistance R defined as follows:
R = V / I (1)
where R is precisely the resistance expressed in ohms (Ω), V the
unused energy was lost as heat. If however a modern dimmer or PWM regulator is adjusted to provide
a load of 15% of energy, the remaining 85% will not
be wasted as the circuit absorbs only 15% and no
more. This is fine example of what progress is about:
technological evolution is not so much a question of
quantity, performance, and amazing special effects,
but of economy and simplicity, elegance and precision.
The GLR-HD-2P relay, designed for heavy duty applications can drive practically anything from incandescent light bulbs to electric motors up to 1.5 HP
(220/277 Vac). The energising winding operates using 24 Vdc and is powered by red and blue wires you
see on the right of the diagram. On the left you will
recognise the two output terminals, each of which
will take up to 20 ampere/480 Vac.
voltage in volts and the current in amperes. For resistance we
mean the opposition that the conductor exercises on the flow
of current the higher this opposition or resistance, i the worse
conductor, the ideal conductor has zero resistance, whereas the
poorest conductor, and therefore the perfect insulator, has infinite resistance. By definition, 1 ohm is the resistance of a conductor when a current of 1 ampere passes through it producing,
9
Fig. 9 – If the current through a conductor is purely resistive (ohmic),
the relationship between voltage and current is expressed by a linear
equation of the y = x type (a line through the centre dividing the Cartesian plane into two equal areas). In this case the resistance is defined, by
Ohm’s law, as a relationship between voltage and current: R = V / I.
78
10
Fig. 10 – A real conductor is not purely resistive. From an electrical point
of view its structure more closely resembles a circuit like the one shown
in the figure ? where we can see resistive (R), inductive (L) and capacitive
(C) type components When an alternating current passes through a
circuit of this type in addition to the voltage drop due to the resistive
component it is also subject to voltage/current phase shifts.
as measured at its terminals, a voltage drop of 1 volt. Clearly
the higher the resistance of the conductor and/or the current
passing through it, the higher the voltage drop. With reference
to the expression (1) the voltage is expressed as the product in
fact resistance to current: V = RI. If a current of 1 ampere passes
through a conductor with a resistance of 1 ohm it causes a 1
volt reduction, the same current,
passing through a conductor with a resistance of 2 ohms, will
cause a reduction expressed as: V = RI = 2 volts. Similarly, a current of 2 amperes through a conductor with a resistance of 2
ohms drops thus: V = 2 x 2 = 4 volts. And so on. The above example can be seen in figure 9 expressed as a graph: if the current through a conductor is purely resistive (ohmic) between
voltage and current, there is a linear relationship expressed by
an equation of type y = x.
But a real conductor, for example a cable or wire, provides a
far from ideal, purely ohmic resistance. Its structure, from the
electrical point of view, rather resembles the circuit seen in
Figure 10, in which resistive components (R), inductive (L), and
capacitive (C) appear. It follows that the current, particularly
in the case of alternating current, gives rise to more complex
phenomena than those described above by means of the static
form of Ohm’s law. In that the sinusoidal voltage and current
are no longer constant but vary in function of time. The expressions that define them are as follows:
v (t) = Vm sin (ωt + φ) (2)
i (t) = Im sin (ωt + φ) (3)
where Vm and Im are respectively the amplitudes of the voltage and current, ω is the pulsation and the phase φ. Ohm’s law
then takes the following form:
V = ZI (4)
where Z is the total blockage of the circuit components resulting from its resistive, inductive and capacitive components.
Without going into very complex calculations, let’s just say that
an alternating current through a circuit as shown in Figure 10
meets not only static/resistive opposition defined by (1) but
must also contend with the voltage/current lags caused by
the inductive and capacitive components of the circuit; these
phase shifts, together with voltage drops are responsible for
power loss the magnitude of which depends on the length of
the cable, its quality, the type of load and its absorption.
Modulation PWM
Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a subject we dealt with in the
March/April 2012 issue. Here we simply analyze not so much
the principle of operation of PWM, which we refer to the aforementioned article, as the dynamics of sampling and subsequent wave reconstruction. These trends are shown in Figure
11. The figure refers to the PWM drive of an AC motor: The blue
waveform represents the sequence of pulses whose duration or width, if you prefer – vary. The blue wave form switches very
quickly with up/down vertical shifts between -1,
0 and +1 voltage values. The width or duration of the pulses is expressed in
milliseconds (mS). The red wave form results when these separate and variable width pulses are applied to the load, which is
to say to the electric motor. The motor which from an electrical
point of view is an RLC circuit, behaves like a low-pass filter that
transforms the pulse wave into a sort of discrete sine wave, an
irregular sinusoid in a series of steps, but it remains a sine wave,
i.e., a waveform that is no longer discrete but continuous. The
speed variations of the engine - or, in the case of the dimmer,
light intensity - are obtained by varying the duty cycle, i.e. the
ratio between the duration of high points (peaks) in the blue
waveform and the duration of the wave itself. In other words
these changes in speed and/or brightness are not obtained by
operating on the entire sine wave, as during the rheostats and
dimmer electromagnetic, but on samples of discrete, limited
duration voltage. Naturally this results in much greater conversion efficiency, which can reach the 80/90%. In similar analoguetype or electromagnetic control systems however, most of the
energy is wasted in the production of heat that then dissipates.
10
Fig. 11 – A succession of discrete voltage pulses (blue line), applied to an
RLC circuit, are transformed into an almost sinusoidal wave (red line); in
PWM motor and/or dimmer light control systems speed variations and/
or light intensity are obtained by varying the ratio between the duration
of the discrete pulses and the period of the signal (duty cycle).
79
A fair worth three..
SAIE3 is the new trade fair dedicated to doors, windows and shutters
and finishings for interiors and exteriors
©Tonini
80
A new trade fair will soon open its doors. SAIE3 is an international fair for
manufacturers of doors, windows and shutters and finishings for interiors
and exteriors. The new event will be held every two years, and will make its
debut from 28th February to 2nd March 2013 in Bologna. It will showcase the
very best in Italian doors, windows and shutters and finishings for interiors
and exteriors.
The organisers are proposing a new kind of formula. Three exhibitions in
one, over three days during which the best of the sector will be showcased
in one time-saving and efficient solution. What is more, the Internet site will
remain active throughout the year: there will be three stages to the fair. Prior
to the fair, the site will function as a personalised electronic agenda, making
demand meet with supply by cross-referencing the entries of exhibitors and
visitors; during the event it will provide a real-time running commentary on
all the fair events, and afterwards it will remain active, offering exhibitors
continued access to new business opportunities and providing a window
on the industry that will in turn generate new opportunities for growth and
development.
The exhibition will feature companies in the following goods sectors:
• mixed systems for doors and windows
• PVC, PVC and wood, wood and aluminium, aluminium and wood, aluminium, steel, iron systems
• compound systems
• all-in-one systems
• machines for manufacturing systems for windows, doors and shutters
• safety and security
• chemical products
• automated equipment
• software
• glass and crystal panes
• interior, exterior, sliding and slid—away, reinforced and firebreak doors,
and basement and garage doors
• curtains and systems for curtains
• curtains for interiors and awnings for exteriors
• sun awnings
• flyscreens
• finishings for interiors and exteriors
©Salamader
©Dolcetti
The prime importance of sun protection
The result of a partnership between the Sabatini
Group, event organizer, and ASSITES, (the Italian Association of Awnings, Solar Shading and Technical
Closure Manufacturers), SAIE3 will host the entire
pipeline of awnings, sun screens and window décor,
sun protection and mosquito screens in a dedicated
area called “T3”, featuring solutions with a strong
design content for interiors and exteriors, bringing
together leading companies in the sector.
Futurdesign
Some of the leading international names will also
be at the fair to mingle with exhibitors and visitors.
The first to sign up was Daniel Liebeskind, internationally acclaimed architect, artist and designer,
whose achievements include being the man behind
the masterplan for Ground Zero in New York. SAIE3
will be bringing back Futurdesign for Liebeskind
and the other guests, an extensive window on the
industry through exhibitions, dedicated galleries,
artistic installations and subject areas to encompass
outstanding works in the world of architecture, design, art and media.
www.saie3.com
81
Innovation
and energy performance
The 13th edition of EquipBaie
82
The next edition of EquipBaie will take place in Paris from 13th to 16th November: all the sector’s latest trends of window, door, shuttering and solar
protection industry will be on show. Equipbaie and Métalexpo will be held
in conjunction with each other on the same dates. It is a must visit event for
the joinery, shuttering and solar protection trade and the venue for crucial
meetings and discussions. However, it is also an opportunity to discover the
full breadth of innovations in the sector and the developments that are taking place in terms of technology, regulations and the nature of the sector
itself. It is the place where joiners, installers, blind companies, manufactures,
distributors and service companies gather information and all come together to take the temperature of the market.
In 2012, 330 exhibitors are expected to take part, with a third of them being
from outside France. Three major sectors make up EquipBaie:
Joinery: 26% (windows, frames, verandas, façades…)
Doors and shuttering: 24% (doors, gates, shutters…)
Solar protection: 20 % (blinds, sun shields…).
These are joined by drives and control systems sector and by the machinery
sector.
Solar Protection from every angle…
By requiring not just energy saving but also comfort during the summer,
the 2012 Thermal Regulations are encouraging the development of solar
protection and ways of managing it. Whether it be
through orientable sun shields, interior or exterior
blinds, with manual, automated or central controls,
numerous new techniques are enabling this sector
to achieve outstanding growth.
EquipBaie provides these solutions with a stage on
which to shine and allows its visitors to discover the
range of new products associated with solar protection.
The show will highlight these systems through its
exhibitors but also by organizing a whole day of dedicated lectures as well as an events space looking
forward to the future of solar protection and half
day dedicated to solar protection on Thursday 15th
November (the 2012 Thermal Regulations and summer comfort: practical obligations and consequences for solar protection - What technical solutions
for solar protection? - How to sell solar protection
effectively? What arguments to use when talking to
the customer?).
www.equipbaie.com
83
TECHNOLOGY
Emanuele Naboni e Paolo Zardo
Emanuele Naboni is an Associate Professor at the Institute of
Technology, Facultyu of Architecture in Copenhagen and founder of
E3lab. Paolo Zardo is research assistant at Royal Danish Academy
NASA Sustainability
Base, Silicon Valley, California
NASA’s “Sustainability Base” is yet another example of integrated design. The
project headed by William McDonough & Partners (WMD + P) with Loisos
& Ubbelohde (L + U), environmental designers and light designers, have
worked together with NASA to design this support instrument for aeronautic and space exploration missions. Their goal was to provide an ambiance
that enhances work sessions, the search for new employees and their subsequent employment, permitting savings in operations and maintenance
costs. It is interesting to note that some of the technologies and processes
developed by NASA are integrated and tested directly in buildings. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), has developed a system that will
be used to enable the building to regulate itself, and which meets the needs
of activities, comfort and energy reduction. The “Sustainability Base” is an
example of technological contamination, whereby the aeronautical sector
spills over into construction. It is expected to produce more energy than
needed, thereby potentially earning LEED Platinum certification.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and in particu-
Floor plan. The building is oriented in accordance with
the path of the sun and prevailing winds (William McDonough & Partners)
84
Clear assonometry with
different layers helping
to filter and produce
solar energy (William
McDonough & Partners)
Rendering. Vegetation
contributes to shading
(William McDonough &
Partners)
lar the Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, in the heart of Silicon Valley in California, carries
out research and development for the space agency, with a particular focus on supercomputing,
networking and intelligent systems. The “Sustainability Base” was designed to replace some of the
NASA’s infrastructures that are seismically insufficient and obsolete. The project was carried out in
just 6 weeks; the building is made up of two curved sections with the main façade facing south to
make the most of the summer sun. Several Radiance and EnergyPlus simulations were performed
by L+U with to determine the best screening system for the south façade, in order for the shape
and rhythm to prevent cool peaks (Ubbelohde, 2011). The building also makes use of the prevalent breeze from the North, therefore the building exploits both the sun and the wind to minimize
power consumption.
85
86
South and West façades.
The type of shading
changes depending on
the exposure (William
McDonough & Partners)
87
The “Sustainability Base has a surface area of 4400 square metres and will
be the workplace of approximately 220 people. The programme reflects the
idea of team-based work and open communication with the space organised into sections of about 25 work stations. These sectors share support
services (rest areas, photocopiers and conference rooms) along the paths
that connect the main lobby and the outdoor areas. The layout of the space
also connects the structural system: there are no structures or columns in
the interior, creating a sense of openness that boosts the versatility of the
layout; the absence of internal columns also facilitates the penetration of
light during the day. The narrow building (16 metres in width), the series of
skylights, and the windows that open all the way to the top with high performance glass increase the quantity of light available (Ubbelohde, 2011).
The maximisation of sunlight was selected as a strategy to increase productivity and reduce absenteeism, and is also increased by high performance
artificial light. This provides 350 lux ambiance lighting and up to 550 lux of
LED light on the employee stations. According to estimates, electrical light is
needed during regular business hours for just 40 day a year.
Optimization of the
west shading system
in function of the sun’s
path (William McDonough & Partners)
88
As a work place, NASA’s “Sustainability Base” is interactive with the occupants in two ways – the first is
the capacity to modify the “micro-climate”, the second is integrated intelligent building control (IIBC)
which optimizes internal comfort and the level of
energy efficiency. Every employee has three means
for controlling the ambiance in their own work
space:
- The floor air supply, which controls the individual
temperature integrated with windows that open the
length of the perimeter.
- Light control provided by regulated light fully autonomously inside the workplace and monitored by
the automatic system.
- The central system that allows an automatic reset
after a period of time using manual commands.
To facilitate a high energy yield, the building incor-
Annual study of accumulated radiation on
the West façade without
a protection system
(Loisos & Ubbelohde)
89
View of the north façade
porates software instruments to interpret in real time the data acquired by
the sensor networks distributed internally and interface with the linked,
online calendars showing the quantity of use in the space and the weather
forecast. The integrated intelligent control (IIBC) analyses light, heat, humidity, climate and the status of occupation, and optimizes the comfort of the
ambiance relating it to ambiance performance and energy efficiency. The
data collected by the system and the responses of the users are then processed by the computer, which in turn improves performance by learning
from feedback. According to the outdoor weather conditions and the number of people in the room, the computer opens or closes the windows, regulates the level of lighting or raises or lowers the brise soleils on the windows.
In order to check the systems, LBNL built a virtual model complete with EnergyPlus, in order to understand the operation of the building with various
energy and comfort system settings.
Screening system
Various screening systems are used, differing in line with the direction the
building is facing. The east and west facing façades are smaller than the
south and north facing ones. In addition, they have a very low window to
90
wall ratio (WWR), helpful for reducing summer solar
accumulations. The short façades are also protected
by elements comprising of seven vertical and horizontal slats. The southern façade is more open to
the surroundings and features a metal structure on
which horizontal screening panels are positioned,
and rampant vegetations provide protection from
the sun’s rays from the west and east. In addition, a
second installation of photovoltaic elements have
been installed on the roof with dual function (protection and production of electricity). The north
side, is on the other hand, has large windows to collect all the light it can.
Sustainable site and water
The influence of the LEED protocol on the site design characteristics is clear: vegetation is used to
protect the south façades, thus reducing the accumulations of summer heat and permitting the passage of the breeze though the building. The building shell is designed to protect most of the trees that
make up the base for a sub-system with indigenous
vegetation. Biological strategies for rain water provide additional benefits in terms of biodiversity and
an overall reduction in consumption of fossil fuels
for lawn and landscape maintenance compared to
more traditional methods. Lastly, the materials used
Simulation of internal daylighting
at the site were selected from local sources, from available waste resources
(material from demolition of other local projects) and for their low working
energy.
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilation determines both the spatial configuration as well as the
design of the system. L+U has conducted an analysis of the meteorological data and construction loads, which has revealed that a large portion of
cooling demand can be met by natural ventilation. The natural ventilation
strategy is based on the Adaptive Comfort concept: research conducted by
the University of Berkeley has demonstrated that the occupants of naturally ventilated buildings have a greater comfort level and experience a
wider range of temperatures compared to people in sealed climate control
buildings. Therefore it was decided to incorporate the adaptive limits of the
comfort zone into the project in compliance with the ASHRAE 55 standards.
This permits a maximum summer temperature of 26 °C, rather than the typical 23 °C used for HVAC design in the USA. Less frequently occupied areas,
such as lobbies and corridors, are allowed to reach 30 °C. During the summer, nocturnal ventilation is used: the air is distributed to cool the buildings
and thereby reduce the demand for cooling during
the day. The system (relatively common in Europe)
challenges the American practice of closed office
buildings, with regulated temperatures and tightly
controlled air flows.
Radiator system
The building is designed to use absolutely no power
from the user network, reducing the energy need by
active and passive means. The approach is divided
into progressive sectors of optimization: shape, shell,
materials and use of efficient active systems. According to L + U estimates, the passive design of the
building should be comfortable without mechanical systems, but the client decided to cover critical
periods such as winter mornings and summer afternoons with an HVAC systems; the latter was developed around a radiant heating/cooling temperature
distribution technology integrated with a floor air
system. Separation of the heating and cooling system facilitates the operation in a combined mode
and means windows can be opened for ventilation,
without reducing temperature comfort. The radiator system is connected to heat pumps connected
to a geothermal well. The latter supplies an efficient
source for thermal exchange thanks to the constant
water temperature of 15 °C. Using the constant tem-
91
Study of “Daylighting Autonomy”. This factor is influenced by
the façade and screening system. (Loisos & Ubbelohde)
perature of the ground as a heat dissipator, the water can be pre-cooled or
pre-heated, which results in notable energy savings. Renewable energy and water
The renewable energy strategy includes two components. The design of the
roof includes a combination of 100-kW photovoltaic panels located on the
surface (output: 122,000 kWh / year) and thermal solar panels which provide
60% of the hot water need. These systems are estimated to provide 30 – 40%
of the energy needed for the structure to operate. In addition, a solid oxide
fuel cell produces continuous consumption of 200 kWh and, although the
fuel cells were developed more than 100 years ago, they have been perfected by NASA and used in almost all space missions since 1960. According to
estimates, the combined production of PV energy and the fuel cells exceeds
the energy needs of the building. The goal of the LEED advanced certification pushed the design team to integrate effective strategies for water use,
in addition to optimising energy. The building uses a series of methods to
reduce use of drinking water and the volume of waste, for example high performance fixtures, treated underground water, intelligent landscape design
and technology called “Forward Osmosis Recycling System.” The latter was
developed by NASA to treat water on board the International Space Station.
One of the goals of the project is to monitor and test the system to perfect
its performance elsewhere.
92
Material
As typical in William McDonough & Partners projects, there was a great focus on maximising the
value of material and eliminating waste destined
for the landfill. The materials selected have specific
characteristics from the ‘Cradle to Cradle’ ethic. They
are not toxic, the production processes have limited impact on the environment, the materials are
used in a way that corresponds to the expectations
of longevity and duration of the material itself, and
at the end of their life they can be returned safely
to the ground or reused by industry. Preference was
given to materials that contribute to credits for LEED
certification; therefore priority was given to materials with a high recycled content, which are renewable, and available locally or recycled. Although
not contributing to a specific LEED credit, disposal
strategies were also studied. Materials and components have specific dictates so at the end of their life
cycle they can be reused. For example, the choice
of a steel structure in place of concrete and the use
of an external modular wall permits and facilitates
References:
William McDonough & Partners (2011), White Book, ‘NASA: Supply Power of Positive’, July 2011
William McDonough & Partners (2011), ‘NASA Sustainability Base’. Press release of March 2011
Ubbelohde, S (2011), Interview with Emanuele Naboni 19 August 2011. Susan Ubbelohde is a professor at the Department
of Architecture, UC Berkeley and founding partner of Loisos & Ubbelohde, a sustainable design consultation company.
dismantling. Other tactics can help to accomodate changes in the future:
dual water system, raised floors for easy rewiring and reconfiguration, top
floor on a level with the flooring, and windows designed to boost internal
configurations. All these tactics make NASA’s “Sustainability Base” suitable
and less inclined to require much renovation work to meet changing functional needs.
Conclusions
The building seems to be largely inspired by LEED protocol. This translates
into integration of many high tech and component strategies where aesthetics are inspired by appropriate aerospace design.
The metaphor is quite explicit and has a very strong demonstrative and
communication message. The level of collaboration between architect William McDonought & Partners, the sustainability consultant Loisos & Ubbelohde and research institutes was a key factor.
Dialogue has enriched the project, guaranteeing the implementation of innovative sustainability practices in design.
The building is also of interest in terms of man-technology interfaces. In particular, two aspects should be emphasized:
- The dynamic interaction between human comfort, the behaviour of the
occupants, the building management system and subsequent operations.
- The use of aerospace technology at the service of the building industry.
The idea of buildings with adaptable functions and
layouts according to the atmospheric conditions
and use of space is not a new concept, but its application is effective. Adaptive technology needs improvement and costs need to be lowered and then
buildings like NASA’s “Sustainability Base” with be
worthy of attention.
This project will provide results for future applications in the building industry, in particular for the
complex interaction between technology and architecture.
Given the current limits of simulation instruments in
predicting the real energy yield of a building, optimization of operations based on the models of user
behaviour is a sector that warrants further research.
Another area of project innovation is the control
station which enables the occupants to individually
regulate their workplace, controlling the levels of
energy consumption, making the occupants more
aware of their impact on the environment, and
these control stations help to promote sustainable
behaviours.
93
List of Suppliers
ACCESSORIES, COMPONENTS
AND FRAMES FOR AWNINGS
ARQUATI SPA
Via Sanvitale, 3
43038 Castello di Sala Baganza (PR)
Tel. +39/0521/8321
Fax +39/0521/832382
[email protected]
www.arquati.it
BAT SPA
Via H. Ford
Z.I. Est
30020 Noventa di Piave (VE)
Tel. +39/0421/65672
Fax +39/0421/659007
[email protected]
www.batgroup.com
BRIANZATENDE SPA
Via C. M. Maggi, 41
20050 Lesmo (MI)
Tel. +39/039/628481
Fax +39/039/6066185
[email protected]
www.brianzatende.it
DINO BRUNELLI SNC
Via A. Righi, 18
47100 Forlì
Tel. +39/0543/720476
Fax +39/0543/792119
[email protected]
www.brunellidino.com
CHERUBINI SPA
Via Adige, 55
25081 Bedizzole (BS)
Tel. +39/030/6872039
Fax +39/030/6872040
[email protected]
www.cherubini.it
EUROFLEX SRL
Via Oslo, 5
35010 Vigonza (PD)
Tel. +39/049/629588
Fax +39/049/629703
[email protected]
www.euroflex.cc
FLORIDA SRL
Via per Cossogno, 1
28923 Verbania Trobaso (VB)
Tel. +39/0323/574000
Fax +39/0323/553434
[email protected]
www.floridatende.com
FRAMA SPA
Via Prov. Modena, 47
41016 Novi di Modena (MO)
Tel. +39/059/677240
Fax +39/059/677115
[email protected]
www.frama.it
FRIGERIO
TENDE DA SOLE SRL
Via Ex S.S. Km, 11+500
70010 Capurso (BA)
Tel. +39/080/4559977
Fax +39/080/4552286
[email protected]
www.frigeriotende.it
94
GIBUS SRL
Via G. Galilei, 13
35030 Veggiano (PD)
Tel. +39/049/9005152
Fax +39/049/9070378
[email protected]
www.centrogibus.com
IATA ITALIA SRL
Via Industrie, 5
30024 Musile di Piave (VE)
Tel. +39/0421/55032-3-4
Fax +39/0421/560613
[email protected]
www.iataitalia.com
ITALPROFIL SRL
Via del Lavoro, 21
20060 Pozzo d’Adda (MI)
Tel. +39/02/90969953
Fax +39/02/90968158
[email protected]
www.italprofil.it
LA GIULIA GROUP SRL
Via Padova, 30
35024 Bovolenta (PD)
Tel. +39/049/9545206
Fax +39/049/9545203
[email protected]
www.lagiuliagroup.it
REAL TENDA SRL
Via Prov.le Nocera-Sarno, 43
84014 Nocera Inferiore (SA)
Tel. +39/081/939839
Fax +39/081/939980
[email protected]
www.realtendasrl.it
RIRI ITALIA SRL
Via della Libertà, 118
15060 Vignole Borbera (AL)
Tel. +39/0143/67333
Fax +39/0143/67145
[email protected]
www.ririitalia.com
SPECIAL CATENE SRL
Via Celana, 18
24030 Caprino
Bergamasco (BG)
Tel. +39/035/787384
Fax +39/035/787737
[email protected]
www.specialcatene.it
STOBAG ITALIA SRL
Via Marcon 2/B
37010 Affi (VR)
Tel. +39/045/6200066
Fax +39/045/6200082
[email protected]
www.stobag.it
SUNTEX SRL
Via Triestina, 20
Tel. +39/0421/334722
Fax +39/0421/53158
TENDITALIA SRL
S.P. Capua Vitulazio
(Zona Ind.)
81050 Vitulazio (CE)
Tel. +39/0823/969182
Fax +39/0823/969248
[email protected]
www.tenditalia.net
VERELUX SRL
Via De Gasperi, 17
42020 Quattro Castella (RE)
Tel. +39/0522/888321
Fax +39/0522/888325
[email protected]
www.verelux.it
ACCESSORIES FOR TECHNICAL BLINDS
ATEKA CAMPANA
Via Longura, 7
20020 Misinto (MI)
Tel. +39/02/96721151
Fax +39/02/96721154
[email protected] - www.ateka.it
BAT SPA
Via H. Ford - Z.I. Est
Tel. +39/0421/65672
Fax +39/0421/659007
[email protected]
www.batgroup.com
COPACO
Rijksweg 125
8531 Bavikhove Belgio
Tel. +39/+32(0)56/353533
Fax +39/+32(0)56/358048
[email protected]
www.copaco.be
DALEX SRL
Via Oderzo, 31 - 31040 Mansuè (TV)
Tel. +39/0422/741186
Fax +39/0422/741842
[email protected]
www.dalex.it
DEKORA
Via I° Maggio, 5
26858 Sordio (LO)
Tel. +39/02/9810941
Fax +39/02/98109420
[email protected]
www.dekoraitalia.it
ITALPROFIL SRL
Via del Lavoro, 21
20060 Pozzo d’Adda (MI)
Tel. +39/02/90969953
Fax +39/02/90968158
[email protected]
www.italprofil.it
FAAC SPA
Via Benini, 1
40069 Zola Predosa (BO)
Tel. +39/051/6172411
Fax +39/051/758518
[email protected]
www.faac.it
FITEM SRL
Via Cacace, 5
30030 Maerne (VE)
Tel. +39/041/640011
Fax +39/041/641431
[email protected]
www.fitem.com
GAPOSA SRL
Via Pompeiana, 220
63023 Fermo (AP)
Tel. +39/0734/228371
Fax +39/0734/226389
[email protected]
www.gaposa.com
MASTER SPA
Via S. Pertini, 3
30030 Martellago (VE)
Tel. +39/041/640187
Fax +39/041/5030631
[email protected]
www.masterautomation.it
NICE SPA
Via Pezza Alta, 13
31046 Oderzo (TV)
Tel. +39/0422/853838
Fax +39/0422/853585
[email protected]
www.niceforyou.com
SEAV SRL
Via Oriana Fallaci, 4/6
60027 Osimo (AN)
Tel. +39/071/7132758
Fax +39/071/7131937
[email protected]
www.seav.com
V2 SPA
Corso Principi di Piemonte, 63
12035 Racconigi (CN)
Tel. +39/0172/821011
Fax +39/0172/821050
[email protected]
www.v2home.com
AUTOMATION AND AUTOMATICS
AWNING CUTTING A
ND STITCHING MACHINES
CAME CANCELLI AUTOMATICI SPA
Via Martiri della Libertà, 15
31030 Dosson di Casier (TV)
Tel. +39/0422/4940
Fax +39/0422/4941
[email protected]
www.came.it
A UNO TEC SRL
Via San Faustino 110
41037 Mirandola (MO)
Tel. +39/0535/24218
Fax +39/0535 609607
[email protected]
www.aunotec.it
CHERUBINI SPA
Via Adige, 55
25081 Bedizzole (BS)
Tel. +39/030/6872039
Fax +39/030/6872040
[email protected]
www.cherubini.it
BAT ENGINEERING SRL
Via Volta, 32
Tel. +39/0421/307446
Fax +39/0421/307446
[email protected]
www.bat-engineering.com
List of Suppliers
LEMA
Via Bonini, 3
21100 Varese (VA)
Tel. +39/0332/238014
Fax +39/0332/281354
[email protected]
www.lemavarese.it
S.M.R.E. Engineering SRL
S.S. Tre Bis Z.I. Montecastelli
06019 Umbertide (PG)
Tel. +39/075/9306500
Fax +39/075/9306537
[email protected]
www.smre.it
S.M.R.E.
S.S. Tre Bis Z.I.
Montecastelli
Tel. +39/075/9306500
Fax +39/075/9306537
[email protected]
www.smre.it
T.S. Tecnologie & Sistemi
Via Zandonai, 52
41100 Modena (MO)
Tel. +39/059/372150
Fax +39/059/371761
[email protected]
www.ts-SAS.com
MACHINERY FOR TECHNICAL BLINDS
MANUFACTURING
A UNO TEC SRL
Tel. +39/0535/24218
Fax +39/0535 609607
[email protected]
www.aunotec.it
THF SRL
Loc. Cascina,99
43030 Marzolara (PR)
Tel. +39/0525/520000
Fax +39/0525/520023
[email protected]
www.thf.it
AWNINGS (ALL TYPES)
DALEX SRL
Via Oderzo, 31
31040 Mansuè (TV)
Tel. +39/0422/741186
Fax +39/0422/741842
[email protected]
www.dalex.it
BAT SPA
Tel. +39/0421/65672
Fax +39/0421/659007
[email protected]
www.batgroup.com
S.M.R.E. Engineering SRL
S.S. Tre Bis Z.I. Montecastelli
Tel. +39/075/9306500
Fax +39/075/9306537
[email protected]
www.smre.it
BRIANZATENDE SPA
Via C. M. Maggi, 41/43
20050 Lesmo (MI)
Tel. +39/039/6064212
Fax +39/039/6066185
[email protected]
www.brianzatende.it
TECNO SYSTEM SNC
di Paolino Giancarlo & Co.
Via Molina, 80
0060 Vignate (MI)
Tel. +39/02/95360882
Fax +39/02/95364312
[email protected]
www.tecnosystem.eu
FLORIDA SRL
Via per Cossogno, 1
Tel. +39/0323/574000
Fax +39/0323/553434
[email protected]
MACHINERY FOR MOSQUITO NETS MANUFACTURING
FRAMA SPA
Via Prov. Modena, 47
41016 Novi di Modena (MO)
Tel. +39/059/677240
Fax +39/059/677115
[email protected]
www.frama.it
A UNO TEC SRL
Tel. +39/0535/24218
Fax +39/0535 609607
[email protected]
www.aunotec.it
FRIGERIO
TENDE DA SOLE SRL
Ex S.S. 100 - KM 11+500
70010 Capurso (BA)
Tel. +39/080/4551288
Fax +39/080/4552286
[email protected]
GARATTONI DARIO
Via Paglierini, 771
47822 S. Arcangelo
di Romagna (RN)
Tel. +39/0541/625604
Fax +39/0541/622398
[email protected]
www.garattonidario.com
GIBUS SRL
Via G. Galilei, 13
35030 Veggiano (PD)
Tel. +39/049/9005152
Fax +39/049/9005082
[email protected]
www.gibus.it
IATA ITALIA SRL
Via Industrie, 51
Tel. +39/0421/55032-3-4
Fax +39/0421/560613
[email protected] - www.iataitalia.com
MECTEND SRL
Località Bessiche, 65
15070 Tagliolo Monferrato (AL)
Tel. +39/0143/882260
Fax +39/0143/882261
[email protected] - www.mectend.com
PRATIC SPA
Via Tonutti, 80
33034 Fagagna (UD)
Tel. +39/0432/638311
Fax +39/0432/678022
[email protected] - www.pratic.it
REAL TENDA SRL
Via Prov.le Nocera Sarno, 43
Tel. +39/081/939839
Fax +39/081/939980
[email protected]
www.realtendasrl.it
RIRI ITALIA SRL
Via della Libertà, 118
15060 Vignole Borbera (AL)
Tel. +39/0143/67333
Fax +39/0143/67145
[email protected]
www.ririitalia.com
SHADELAB SRL
Via Lazio, 42
31045 Motta di Livenza (TV)
Tel. 0422/1786080 - Fax 0422/1788073
[email protected] - www.shadelab.it
SOLARIS SRL
Via Vò di Placca, 52
35020 Due Carrare (PD)
Tel. +39/049/9125222
Fax +39/049/9125311
[email protected]
www.solaristende.it
VERELUX SRL
Via De Gasperi, 17
Tel. +39/0522/888321
Fax +39/0522/888325
[email protected]
www.verelux.it
WO&WO Sonnenlichtdesign
GmbH & Co KG
Hafnerstraße 193, A-8054 Graz
Tel. +43/316/28078252
Fax +43/316/28078250
[email protected]
www.woundwo.at
LARGE TENTS AND TENSILE STRUCTURES
BAT SPA
Tel. +39/0421/65672
Fax +39/0421/659007
[email protected]
www.batgroup.com
BRIANZATENDE SPA
20050 Lesmo (MI)
Tel. +39/039/628481
Fax +39/039/6066185
[email protected]
www.brianzatende.it
CORRADI SRL
Via G. Brini, 39
40128 Bologna (BO)
Tel. +39/051/4188411
Fax +39/051/4188400
[email protected] - www.corradi.eu
FLORIDA SRL
Via per Cossogno, 1
Tel. +39/0323/574000
Fax +39/0323/553434
[email protected]
GIBUS SRL
Via G. Galilei, 13
35030 Veggiano (PD)
Tel. +39/049/9005152
Fax +39/049/9070378
[email protected]
www.centrogibus.com
GIULIO BARBIERI SPA
Via Ferrara, 41
44041 Poggio Renatico (FE)
Tel. +39/0532/821511
Fax +39/0532/821555
[email protected]
www.giuliobarbieri.com
IATA ITALIA SRL
Via Industrie, 51
Tel. +39/0421/55032-3-4
Fax +39/0421/560613
[email protected] - www.iataitalia.com
PRATIC SPA
Via Tonutti, 80 - 33034 Fagagna (UD)
Tel. +39/0432/638311
Fax +39/0432/678022
[email protected] - www.pratic.it
SPRECH SRL
Prov. Martano
Soleto Km 1,5
73025 Martano (LE)
Tel. +39/0836/571416
Fax +39/0836/572388
[email protected] - www.sprech.com
TENDER SRL
Via Mercadante,10
47841 Cattolica (RN)
Tel. +39/0541/834011
Fax +39/0541/833085
[email protected]
www.tendergroup.com
INDOOR/OUTDOOR TECHNICAL BLINDS
BRIANZATENDE SPA
20050 Lesmo (MI)
Tel. +39/039/6066186
Fax +39/039/6066185
[email protected]
www.brianzatende.it
95
List of Suppliers
DATE SYSTEM SRL
S.P. Nocera-Sarno
Loc. Fosso Imperatore Z.I. Lotto 7/E
Tel. +39/081/939827
Fax +39/081/939988
[email protected]
www.datesystem.it
DEKORA
Via I° Maggio, 5
26858 Sordio (LO)
Tel. +39/02/9810941
Fax +39/02/98109420
[email protected]
www.dekoraitalia.it
DI FRANCESCO LUCIA
Via T. Edison, 19
00016 Monterotondo St. (RM)
Tel. +39/06/9069423
Fax +39/06/9060301
[email protected]
www.difrancesco.it
FLORIDA SRL
Via per Cossogno, 1
Tel. +39/0323/574000
Fax +39/0323/553434
[email protected]
FRIGERIO TENDE DA SOLE SRL
Ex S.S. 100 - KM 11+500
70010 Capurso (BA)
Tel. +39/080/4551288
Fax +39/080/4552286
[email protected]
GARATTONI DARIO
Via Paglierani, 771
47822 Santarcangelo di Romagna (RN)
Tel. +39/0541/625604
Fax +39/0541/622398
[email protected]
GIBUS SRL
Via G. Galilei, 13
35030 Veggiano (PD)
Tel. +39/049/9005152
Fax +39/049/9070378
[email protected]
www.centrogibus.com
GRUPPO CENTANNI SRL
Via Rivarano
83024 Monteforte Irpino (AV)
Tel. +39/0825/685482
Fax +39/0825/680879
Headquarter in Napoli:
Via Cavone degli Sbirri, 9
Tel. +39/081/19579495
Fax +39/081/19574096
[email protected]
www.gruppocentanni.it
HUNTER DOUGLAS ITALIA
Via Ponchielli, 2/4
20063 Cernusco
sul Naviglio (MI)
Tel. +39/02/9217081
Fax +39/02/921708206
[email protected]
www.luxaflex.com
96
MOTTURA SPA
Via XXV Luglio, 1
10090 S. Giusto Can. (TO)
Tel. +39/0124/494949
Fax +39/0124/494918
[email protected]
www.mottura.com
PARÀ SPA
Viale Monza, 1
20050 Sovico (MI)
Tel. +39/039/20701
Fax +39/039/2070342
[email protected]
www.para.it
RESSTENDE SRL
Via Ghiringhella, 74
20041 Agrate Brianza (MI)
Tel. +39/039/684611
Fax +39/039/6846140
[email protected]
www.resstende.com
SATTLER ITALIA
Via Bagni, 17
25125 Brescia (BS)
Tel. +39/030/3385665
Fax +39/030/3392504
[email protected]
www.sattler-ag.com
SOLARIS SRL
Tel. +39/0499/125222
Fax +39/049/9125311
[email protected]
www.solaristende.it
SUNCOVER SPA
Via 2 Agosto, 13/15
40016 S. Giorgio di Piano (BO)
Tel. +39/051/6650069
Fax +39/051/6650271
[email protected]
www.suncover.com
TENDITALIA SPA
Via E. Morosini, 24
27029 Vigevano (PV)
Tel. +39/0381/347290
Fax +39/0381/347312
[email protected]
www.tenditalia.com
VELUX ITALIA SPA
Via Strà, 152
37030 Colognola ai Colli (VR)
Tel. +39/045/6173666
Fax +39/045/6150750
www.velux.it
VERELUX SRL
Via De Gasperi, 17
Tel. +39/0522/888321
Fax +39/0522/888325
[email protected]
www.verelux.it
FABRICS FOR AWNINGS
AND TENSILE STRUCTURES
MOSQUITO NETS AND ACCESSORIES
BACCHI GENIUS SRL
Via A. Novella, 21
43058 Sorbolo (PR)
Tel. +39/0521/690014
Fax +39/0521/690245
[email protected]
www.geniusgroup.it
BETTIO GROUP SRL
Via delle Industrie, 98/100
30020 Marcon (VE)
Tel. +39/041/5951443
Fax +39/041/5951446
[email protected]
www.bettio.it
DALEX SRL
Via Oderzo, 31
31040 Mansuè (TV)
Tel. +39/0422/741186
Fax +39/0422/741842
[email protected]
www.dalex.it
DATE SYSTEM SRL
S.P. Nocera-Sarno
Loc. Fosso Imperatore Z.I. Lotto 7/E
Tel. +39/081/939827
Fax +39/081/939988
[email protected]
www.datesystem.it
GARATTONI DARIO
Via Paglierani, 771
47822 Santarcangelo
di Romagna (RN)
Tel. +39/0541/625604
Fax +39/0541/622398
[email protected]
F.LLI GIOVANARDI SNC
Via Marconi, 63
46039 Villimpenta (MN)
Tel. +39/0376/572011
Fax +39/0376/667687
[email protected]
www.giovanardi.it
GENIUS GROUP
Via del Bersagliere, 31
46031 Bagnolo S. Vito (MN)
Tel. +39/0376/251176
Fax +39/0376/253194
[email protected]
www.geniusgroup.it
NAIZIL SPA
Via Pontarola, 17
35011 Campodarsego (PD)
Tel. +39/049/5566555
Fax +39/049/5566660
[email protected]
www.naizil.com
GIBUS SRL
Via G. Galilei, 13
35030 Veggiano (PD)
Tel. +39/049/9005152
Fax +39/049/9070378
[email protected]
www.centrogibus.com
IRS SPA
Via Vettigano,20/A
42012 Campagnola Emilia
Tel. +39/0522/759004
Fax +39/0522/652780
www.irsSPA.com
MV LINE SRL
Via Sammichele, n.c.
(zona pip - lotto 69)
70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA)
Tel. +39/080.3050167
Fax +39/080.3050163
[email protected]
www.mvline.it
ROSIN SRL
Via Udine, 43
36040 Torri
di Quartesolo (VI)
Tel. +39/0444/583991
Fax +39/0444/380538
[email protected]
www.rosin-SRL.it
SOLARIS SRL
Tel. +39/0499/125222
Fax +39/049/9125311
[email protected]
www.solaristende.it
SPAX SRL
Via Carpi, 30/C
10030 Rondissone (TO)
Tel. +39/011/9183008
Fax +39/011/9183009
[email protected]
www.spax.it
SUNCOVER SPA
Via 2 Agosto, 13/15
40016 S. Giorgio
di Piano (BO)
Tel. +39/051/6650069
Fax +39/051/6650271
[email protected]
www.suncover.com
VERELUX SRL
Via De Gasperi, 17
Tel. +39/0522/888321
Fax +39/0522/888325
[email protected]
www.verelux.it
ZANZAR SYSTEM SPA
Corso Europa Z. I.
Tel. +39/099/5628177
Fax +39/099/5628179
[email protected]
www.zanzarsistem.it
NAIZIL FABRICS
BEST SUN AND LIGHT
PROTECTION
COATED POLYESTER OR ACRYLIC
FABRICS for eXterior AWnings
An Altogether different
history
The Naizil SOLEIL fabrics are the result of
a long and constant process of research,
development and experimentation.
This steadfast commitment towards
innovation has led to extremely successful
results such as high water repellency, longterm colour fastness, the lacquering system
which protects the fabrics against the
action of dust and grease, and guaranteed
protection against natural and chemical
biological agents.
PS ADR STORICO is a PVC coated fabric
that is treated with an elegant “matt
effect” lacquer. Its excellent resistance
and durability features, together with
its precious matt finish, make this fabric
ideal for use in the most prestigious
environments. Our range offers ten
refined colour options of which 3 are in
blackout fabrics. PS ADR STORICO is a
perfect component for the creation of
sunshades, gazebos, awnings, pergolas
and coverings of various types.
OUTDOOR AND INDOOR FABRIC
FOR redUCtion OF
lUMinosity AND solAr heAt
ThE fleXible photovoltAiC
mODULE FOR TExTILE
ARChITECTURE
Naizil SUNCONTROL is a micro-pore
fabric giving high performance in the
reduction of light and heat from the
sun. Excellent results are achieved for
thermal and visual comfort and the
material is exceptionally resistant to
traction, tearing, the harmful effects of
UV rays and thermal changes. It stands
out because it is easy to clean and
extraordinarily durable.
Naizil SOLARPANEL is an innovative
fabric that let producing electric energy
through the textile architectures of any
kind, permanent or temporary, even
including the structures with a complex
geometrical frame.
It consists of a photovoltaic modulus
flexible in amorphous silicon, joined
with a cover fabric and protected by a
ETFE film.
PLEASE VISIT US AT:
17_20 October 2012
Fiera Milano, Rho
Hall 18 · Stand G25/H22
NAIZIL S.p.A. • 35011 Campodarsego (PD) ITALY • Via Pontarola, 17
Tel. +39 049 5566555 • Fax +39 049 5566660
www.naizil.com • [email protected]
Tempotest fabrics for awnings,
for those who need the most shade
Tempotest® fabrics are perfect for any outdoor environment creating an effective protection against the sun
radiation, adding a touch of colour and elegance.
Tempotest® is the biggest collection of awning fabrics thought for each life style.
The high quality of solution dyed fibre and the innovative finishing Teflon™ Extreme by Parà® make the fabric
water/oil repellent, resistant to mould, stain, salt and UV fading.
dellescil ipienec in illo tempore.
All Tempotest® fabrics are guaranteed 8 years against loss of colour and tenacity due to normal weather
conditions.
www.tempotest.it

LA STANZA DEL SOLE - Periodici Maggioli

Transcription

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