The history of Landscape Towers and the development

The history of Landscape Towers and
the development ideas of field pylon
Sami Kuitunen, Fingrid Oyj
From the 60's to 90's
• Early 60's
60 s designers and power lines engineers
wanted to improve power lines aesthetics.
• One of the first initiatives was the studies reported by
H D
H.
Dreyfuss
f
&A
Associates
i
(Ed
(Edson El
Electric
i IInstitute
i
iin
1968).
• Cigre
g focused ((WG 02)) on the environmental aspects
p
of the lines mid 80's. Cigre published the Technical
Brochure “The Environmental Impacts of High- Voltage
Overhead Transmission Lines”
Lines .
• Later on in 1999 Cigre published the another Technical
Brochure entitled "High Voltage Overhead LinesE i
Environmental
t lC
Concerns, P
Procedures,
d
IImpacts
t and
d
Mitigations (Technical Brochure nr. 147)".
• Latest p
publication is "Innovative Solutions for
Overhead Line Supports" (WG B2.08, June 2010) [1]
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Some of Dreyfuss & Associates ideas are
still usable today
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Origin and reasons for landscape towers
• The increasing presence of transmission lines in inhabited
areas, the towers became familiar elements in the cities.
• People are more aware of environmental issues and rights
which increases the demands imposed on TSO's work.
• The difficulty of obtaining new urban corridors for bringing
more electricity
l t i it tto central
t l consumption
ti areas.
• It is more difficult to get permits for building new lines.
• TSO
TSO'ss wants to minimize disadvantages as much as
possible.
• Company's wants to be known for positive issues as well.
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Early designing goals
• T
To compactt the
th lilines and
d th
the supports
t as much
h as possible
ibl
• To reduce the number of structural elements on the towers
• To try to put them invisible or camouflaged in the landscape
landscape. [1]
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The Landscape Towers history in Finland
•
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Idea of more acceptable designs in early 90's (IVS).
Early designs by professor Antti Nurmesniemi and later
on by Messrs. Konehuone .
Two specific design reports in 1994 denoted the start
of the production.
Since then several tower and/or lighting -projects
throughout in the country.
First six tower designs were erect in 1995. Towers in
Hirvensalo were part of Pro Cultura -foundations
project; "City of Turku, European city of sculpture".
Places of the
Landscape Towers
in Finland
Some towertypes from early design -project
110 kV towers
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400 kV ttower
Hirvensalo, City of Turku
Turku 1994, designed by Studio Nurmesniemi
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Technical considerations
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•
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Free standing tower or
guyed tower
Single or double circuit
Made of steel, composite or
laminated timber
Use of existing ROW
Outtages for construction as
short as possible
Mechanical requirements
(national standards and
Cenelec)
Conductors usually 2x3
(110 kV) and 3x3 (400 kV)
Minimized life cycle costs
Achitectural viewpoints
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Spirit of the site (history)
often as a starting point
Esthetic values
Simplified (tower is a tall
structure)
Careful planning
Sleakness
Triangle figure in Finland
To create a local landmark
Vicinity
y to people, traffic, ...
"Antinportti", City of Hämeenlinna
The aarth wire supports provide the silhuete of mediaeval castle of
Hämeenlinna Name "Antinportti"
Hämeenlinna.
Antinportti (Antti
(Antti'ss Gate) derives from the fact
that professor Antti Nurmesniemi was born there.
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Hämeenlinna 1999, designed by Studio Nurmesniemi
Nummela, City of Vihti
The tower is covered by plate shells. Inside is lattice structure. Tower
is situated via main road number 2.
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Vihti 2001-2002, designed by Konehuone
Viherlandia, City of Jyväskylä
The tower is made of laminated timber. "Viherlandia" is a large
g
gardening center in Finland with some 400 000 visitors annually.
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Jyväskylä 2001, designed by Studio Nurmesniemi
Competitions
p
in the Nordic countries
Lighting design ideas
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Denmark, Eltra launched competition
2001 On the right Energinet.dk
2001.
Energinet dk's
s
design tower 2010.
Sweden, Svenska Kraftnät's design
tower to Åre kommun 2006.
St kh l
Stockholms
d i t
designtowers
tto
Norrortsleden -highway 2008.
Norway, Statnett's design tower
competition to city of Balsfjord
2010.
Iceland, Landsnet's
designtowers competition 2008
received 98 proposals.
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Illumination
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City of Eurajoki
The kinetic 2x400 kV tower at nuclear cityy of Eurajoki.
j
Tower is situated via main road number 8.
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Eurajoki 2006, designed by Konehuone
Eurajoki's
kinetic
illumination
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"Pirkanpylväs", City of Lempäälä
The landmark next to Helsinki – Tampere highway. Tower colour and
name were adopted through open call for public proposals
proposals.
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Lempäälä 2007, designed by Konehuone
Electricity stations; Landscape and ice
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Values from the past to help future design?
From the cradle of the
Finnish power transmission
"Iron Lady" dates back
1920's.
1920's
Fingrid is aiming at
repeatability
p
y and try
y to g
gain
ideas from the past. The
planning is focused into
foundations
foundations.
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How to simplify the foundations
"Hinge" to erect the tower
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Sleak tower
Easy to fabricate on
country side
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Fingrid's experiences
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•
Planning is developed during the past 10 years
years.
Press and media are usually very interested.
Team work is important all through the design phase
phase.
Structural design is demanding.
g
gg
gives more visibility.
y
Use of color and lighting
Landscape towers are more expensive.
Erection methods and design of details are improved.
Paint and painting is expensive and surface needs
special treatment after galvanizing.
• Maintenance costs for painted surface are higher than for
zink-coated (potential re-painting).
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Thank You!
7.9.2010
Copyright Sotamaa Design, "Eruption, draft 1"
Conference Schedule
7.9.2010