Coal, Steam, and the Industrial Revolution

Coal, Steam, and the Industrial
Revolution
*Crash Course in World History - YouTube
Step 1. CAUSES: Background
• In 1750, most people in Europe lived on small farms
and produced most of their needs by hand (manual).
• A century later, many people lived in cities and most
of their needs were produced by complex machines
using steam power.
• The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and
spread to Belgium, France, Germany, the United States
and Japan.
• It was a fundamental change in the way goods were
produced, and altered the way people lived.
• The Industrial Revolution is a major turning point in
world history.
DBQ 12 – Why Industrial
Revolution in England? [cause]
Doc 1
Doc 2
Doc 3
Doc 4
Doc 5
Doc 6
Doc 7
Doc 8
Doc 9
DBQ 12 – Why Industrial
Revolution in England? [cause]
Doc 1
Map – abundant resources –
like coal and canals
Doc 2
Doc 3
1833 Factory Commission – Smith’s Wealth of Nations –
better wages = more workers assembly line production
INCREASES
Doc 4
Abundance of natural
resources = good for factorybased production
**Link to Doc. 1
Doc 5
Innovation – discoveries
LINKED together
STIMULATES industrial
growth (invention)
Doc 6
Chart = textile production
INCREASES
Doc 7
Chart = Agricultural
production increases (MORE
FOOD)
Doc 8
LESS farmers, making
MORE FOOD…Workers in
city are taken care of
Doc 9
Political and economic
freedom – no tolls, tariffs to
HINDER (slow) trade
Basic Causes
•Agrarian Revolution
•Geography (resources)
•Capital ($$$)
•Technology & Energy
Causes
Agrarian Revolution: was a change in farming methods that allowed
for a greater production of food. This revolution was fueled by the use of
new farming technology such as the seed drill and improved
fertilizers. The results of this revolution if farming was a population
explosion due to the higher availability of food. Also, the Enclosure
Movement, which was the consolidation of many small farms into one
large farm, left many people jobless and homeless. These people would
provide the workforce of the Industrial Revolution.
Geography: Great Britain has an abundance of the natural
resources needed for industrialization, such as iron ore and coal.
Britain also had access to many navigable rivers and natural harbors
which provided for the easy movement of goods both within the country,
and overseas.
Capital: The British had a vast overseas empire that provided them
with a strong economy. They had the capital (money) needed to build
railroads, factories, and mines.
Technology & Energy: Britain experienced a revolution in energy
use as they switched from animal power, to water power, to steam
power in a few short years. The steam engine was the power
source of the Industrial Revolution.
Based on this map, which two resources
does Britain have an abundance?
Population Explosion
necessary workforce
existed to mine the coal,
build the factories, and
work the machines
urbanization : The movement
of people to urban areas in
search of work.
DBQ 13 – Ind. Rev. (+/-)
Positive
Evaluate
(so what?)
Negative
Evaluate
(so what?)
Positive
Evaluate
(so what?)
Negative
Evaluate
(so what?)
Doc 4 -Better houses,
cheaper cloths, cheap
travel
Better living conditions Doc 1 – children work
than without job in
long day with only 1
factory?
meal
Doc 3 – children in
factories are ok
(skipping and not
beaten), instead of
being home alone
Children are better off
working in factory
Doc 2 – factory harms
workers – illness
(lungs), cuts
Innocent people dying
Doc 5 – children are
clothed and fed,
allowance, educated
Mr. Dale is a nice guy
and makes a better life
for his workers
Doc 7 – streets
unpaved, holes, filthy,
stinking puddles,
garbage, tiny crappy
“cabins”
The SLUMS are all
over near cities with
factories
Doc 6 – jobs,
cleanliness, comfort
and order, HOUSES =
.75/wk
The brothers Ashton?
They are nice
Doc 8 – increased
IRON production
$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Build things made of iron
– buildings, machines =
STRONG
Hungry, uneducated
(can’t read/write)
Essay writing – Lesson #1
Introductions:
• MINIMUM = Use the
“Historical Context” as a
starting point, BUT reword it!
Make a general point about the
“big” theme
ex=REVOLUTIONS and
“change”
• The last sentence of the
introduction is your THESIS
(what you will cover in body of
essay. Hint=use the “Question”
Conclusions:
• Minimum level is to
RESTATE the thesis
• Goal = try to LINK or
CONNECT your essay to
something else in World
History.
• Can be prediction of future
events OR comparison to
something else.
– Example = Industrial
revolution as compared to
French Revolution
DBQ 13 – EFFECTS of the Industrial Revolution:
• Introduction
• OUTSIDE info = Chapter 20, Section
3; Chapter 22, Sections 1 and 2;
Video – CNN’s Millennium
Sample Introduction ¶ (paragraph)
Revolutions are drastic and dramatic changes
that often impact the social, political and/or
economic aspects of a society. The Industrial
Revolution which began in England in the late
1700’s had a wide range of positive and negative
effects on the economic and social life of the people
of England. These results have been interpreted
from a variety of perspectives. The positive or
negative nature of these changes largely depended
on your position in English society at that time.
Effects: + / • Mass Production &
prices
• Big Business
• Laissez-Faire
Economics
• New Social Class
Structure – middle class
• Urbanization
(slums)
• Working Conditions
in factories
• Women and
children
Effects (+/-)of Industrialization
Positive
• Jobs in new factories (text)
• Better wages earned
• More/better consumer goods =
cheaper
• Increased productivity = wealth
(Doc 8)
• Wealth (capital) to entrepreneurs
– “rags to riches” stories
• New housing and model cities
(Doc 3 & 4)
• Travel and tourism booms
(video)
• Rapid communication (video)
• Medicine (text)
Negative
• Poverty (text)
• City life -lure/excitement
• Crowded, unhealthy, unsafe
cities/tenement housing = slums
(Doc 7)
• Dangerous working conditions /
long, hard hours of work
(Doc 1 & 2)
• Child labor (Doc 1 & 2)
Child labor in
mines and
factories
Urbanization and the Changing Society:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
People moved to towns and cities to be closer to the
factories.
Conditions were very poor during the early part of the
Industrial Revolution, as factory workers lived in over
crowded buildings, with no sewage or sanitation services.
This resulted in widespread disease.
New roles were defined for Middle Class men and
women. Middle class men went to work in business, while
middle class women worked from home and cared for the
family.
The higher standard of living for the middle class meant that
their children received some form of formal education.
Working Class families faced many hardships due to poor
living and working conditions, and most working class
children never received an education.
Working Conditions:
1. Factory workers worked very long hours, for little pay, under
harsh conditions.
2. Workers included children as young as 8, both male and
female.
3. Many people were injured or killed due to unsafe working
conditions.
Families live in
solid, wellfurnished homes
Middle class has
little sympathy
for the poor
Values hard work and
the determination to
“get ahead”
Families dress
well and eat
large meals
Middle Class
in England
Middle class men
influence
Parliament (gov’t)
Middle class women
encouraged to become
“ladies” and to do no
physical labor
DBQ 14 = RESPONSES to Industrialization
1.
What is it?
1.
What is it?
3. What is it?
So what?
So what?
So what?
4. What is it?
5. What is it?
6. What is it?
So what?
So what?
So what?
7. What is it?
8. What is it?
So what?
So what?
Responses to Industrialization
POLITICAL
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Responses to Industrialization
POLITICAL
• Government action =
legislation of unions and
factories
• Social action = songs of
protest and petitions
**role of labor UNIONS
SOCIAL
• Changing society – values and
attitudes
• New culture – reflected in arts,
literature and music (realism
vs. romanticism)
ECONOMIC - New ways of thinking (philosophies)
• Laissez-faire – population and wages…work your
@#$ off?
• Socialism vs. Communism – ideal society?
• Social Darwinism…leads to Imperialism
Laissez-Faire Economics
• Adam Smith
– Author of Wealth of
Nations
– Father of laissez – faire
economics
• Free market economy
– no gov’t involvement
• Prices determined by
supply & demand
The Industrial Worker,
"the voice of
revolutionary industrial
unionism," is the
newspaper of the
Industrial Workers of the
World (IWW), a radical
labor union.
Socialism
– People as a whole instead of
the individuals own &
operate the means of
production
– a world where society
benefits everybody, not just
the wealthy
Robert Owen
son-in-law to Mr. Dale
New Lanark, Scotland
Robert Owen’s Socialist Industrial Town 1785
New Lanark
Today
• Communism
– Fathered by Karl Marx
• class struggle between employers
& employees is unavoidable
• wrote the Communist Manifesto in
1848 with Friedrich Engles
– HAVE v. HAVE NOTS
• Haves = bourgeoisie &
nobility
• Have nots = proletariat
So What? Implications for the
1800 - 1900’s???
• Wealth and power of Industrial nations =
CAPITALISM & IMPERIALISM
• Need for resources (“belly of the beasts”) =
COLONIALISM
• “Workers of the world”…UNITE? SOCIALISM
vs. COMMUNISM
• Role of women and children (Liberalism VS.
Conservatism)
• Survival of the “fittest” - Darwinism applied to
Nations = extreme NATIONALISM
2
The Industrial Revolution: Cause and Effect
Causes
•Increased agricultural productivity
•Growing population
•New sources of energy, such as steam and coal
•Growing demand for textiles and other mass-produced goods
•Improved technology
•Available natural resources, labor, and money
•Strong, stable governments that promoted economic growth
Immediate Effects
•Rise of factories
•Changes in transportation and
communication
•Urbanization
•New methods of production
•Rise of urban working class
•Growth of reform movements
Long-Term Effects
•Growth of labor unions
•Inexpensive new products
•Spread of industrialization (U.S. & W. Europe)
•Rise of big business
•Expansion of public education
•Expansion of middle class
•Competition for world trade among
industrialized nations
•Progress in medical care
Post-script (p.s.) - VOCABULARY
• Chapter 20 – Section 4 (5 words)
• Chapter 22 – All 4 section (18
words)
• DUE FRIDAY (+5 bonus pts)
• Tuesday – no bonus
Science &
technology
Stimulates Age of Reason
(Enlightenment)
Absolutism
Political = France
Age of Revolutions
1750’s-1917
Economic & social
= England
As a RESULT of the French Revolution:
•Liberalism vs. Conservatism
•Militarism (Age of Napoleon)
•Nationalism – up to mid-1800’s; in Europe and Latin America
As a RESULT of the Industrial Revolution:
•Realism vs. Romanticism
•Capitalism vs. Socialism and Communism (economic ideas)
•Social Darwinism and Colonialism – as the “seeds” of
Imperialism
As a RESULT of…
the French Revolution:
•Liberalism vs. Conservatism
•Militarism (Age of Napoleon)
•Nationalism – up to mid-1800’s;
in Europe and Latin America
As a RESULT of…
the Industrial Revolution:
•Realism vs. Romanticism
•Capitalism vs. Socialism and
Communism (economic ideas)
•Social Darwinism and
Colonialism – as the “seeds” of
Imperialism
DBQ 14 – Responses to the evils of
Industrial Revolution:
• Introduction -
Revolutions are drastic and dramatic changes that
often impact the social, political and/or economic
aspects of a society. The Industrial Revolution which
began in England in the late 1700’s had a wide range of
positive and negative effects on the economic and social
life of the people of England. Many of the negative
effects led to a call for reform and actions from a variety
of groups such as governments and citizens. The “evils”
of the Industrial Revolution were addressed in England
through legislation, social action and economic reforms
such as socialism.
In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution
had a profound impact on England in the late
1700’s and early 1800’s. Some people’s lives
improved while others worsened. These
conditions, especially the negative ones like
harsh labor conditions, triggered responses and
calls for reform in the 1800’s. The growth of
capitalism stimulated other ideas of how an
economy should operate. An example of this
was Karl Marx’s views on communism.