ENVIRONMENT in the City of BELGRADE

Korice - Environment in the city of BGD - spolja
CMYK
ENVIRONMENT
in the City of BELGRADE
CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE
SECRETARIT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
of BELGRADE
Korice - Environment in the city of BGD - unutra
CMYK
ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0
CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE
SECRETARIT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
27. marta 43-45, Beograd
Tel: (011) 32-26-106
Faks: (011) 32-22-681
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.eko.bg.gov.yu
CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE
SECRETARIT
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
NSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADE
Despota Stefana 54a, Beograd
Tel: (011) 207-86-37
Faks: (011) 322-78-28
Web: www.zdravlje.org.yu
www.beoeko.com
БЕОГРАД
ЧИСТ НАЧИСТО !
Regional Environmental Center
for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)
Primorska 31 (entrance from Preradovićeva st.)
11000 Beograd, Srbija
Tel: (011) 32-92-899; 32-92-595; 3293-010; 32-93-011
Faks: (011) 32-93-020
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.recyu.org
NSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
of BELGRADE
CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији
Народна библиотека Србије
502.175(497.11)”2001/2006”(036)
ENVIRONMENT in the city of Belgrade / [authors Snežana Matić-Besarabić
...[et al.] ; editorial board Marija Grubačević, Snežana Matić-Besarabić ;
translater Vesna Dražilović-Dadić]. - Belgrade : The Regional Environmental
Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Country Office Serbia : Institute of
Public Health : Secretariat for Environmental Protection, 2007 (Belgrade :
Standard 2). - 42 str. : ilustr. ; 30 cm
Izv. stv. nasl.: Kvalitet životne sredine grada Beograda; odlomci. - Podaci o
autorima preuzeti iz kolofona. Tiraž 1.000. - Str. 4: A Word from the Secretariat for Environmental Protection / Branislav Božović
ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0 (REC)
1. Matić-Besarabić, Snežana
a) Животна средина - Контрола - Београд - 2001-2006 - Водич
COBISS.SR-ID 143744012
CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE
SECRETARIAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENT
in the City of BELGRADE
INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
of BELGRADE
REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER
ENVIRONMENT IN THE CITY OF BELGRADE
Authors:
1. Dr (Mrs) Snežana Matić-Besarabić, MD (IPH)
2. M
rs Milica Gojković, B.Sc. (Eng)
3. Mrs Vojislava Dudić, B.Sc. (Eng)
(Institute of Public Health Republic of Serbia „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“)
4. Mr (Mrs) Gordana Pantelić, M. Sc Physics
(Institute for Occupational medicine and radiological protection „Dr Dragomir Karajović“)
5. Dr Miroslav Tanasković MD (IPH)
6. Dr Marina Mandić-Miladinović MD (IPH)
7. Dr Dragan Pajić MD (IPH)
8. Boško Majstorović, B.Sc. (Eng) IPH
9. Dr Milan Milutinović MD (IPH)
10. M
irjana Gucić B.A. (Law),
Secretariat for Environmental Protection
Editorial board
Mrs Marija Grubačević, B.Sc.(Eng),
Secretariat for Environmental Protection
Dr (Mrs) Snežana Matić- Besarabić, MD,
Institute of Public Health
Publishers
Secretariat for Environmental Protection, Belgrade
Institute of Public Health of Belgrade
The Regional Environmental Center, CO Serbia
For publishers
Mr Branislav Božović, B.Sc (Eng), Secretariat for Environmental Protection
Mr Slobodan Tošović, M.Sc. MD, Institute of Public Health of Belgrade
Mr Milan Dacić, M.Sc. (Met), The Regional Environmental Center, CO Serbia
Translater
Mrs Vesna Dražilović-Dadić, B.A. (ling)
Design and prepress
Studio Čavka (Nebojša Čović)
Cover Page Design
Dragan Djordjević and Tijana Knežević
Printed by
Standard 2, Belgrade
ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0
CONTENTS
A word from Secretary from The Secretariat for Environmental Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
¤ Belgrade in Brief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
¤ Important Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
¤ Facts about Belgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
¤ City Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
¤ City Public Companies and Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
¤ Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
¤ Culture and Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
¤ The Devlopment of Belgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
¤ Addresses & IMPRINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
¤ Activities of the Secretariat For Environmental Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
¤ Programs of the control of the quality of the Environment in Belgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
¤ Permanent Programs and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
¤ MID – Term Programs and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
¤ Research Studies, Programs and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
¤ Environmental impact assessment of Plans and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
¤ Other activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
¤ Monitoring Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
¤ Air quality Control – Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
¤ Criteria for the selection of air pollutants to be monitored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
¤ Ambient air quality 2002-2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
¤ Air pollution by the substances originating from traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
¤ Radioactivity in the air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
¤ Quality of drinking water from the Belgrade waterworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
¤ Quality of drinking water from public Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
¤ Quality of surface water in the Belgrade Teritory between 2001-2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
¤ Examination Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
¤ The river Sava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
¤ The river Danube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
¤ The Soil – Examination of soil pollution in the Terithory of Belgrade in 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . 30
¤ Communal noise in Belgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
¤ Environment and Health Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
¤ Public Utilities of Belgrade in the protection of the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
¤ About Institutions which participated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN BELGRADE
A Word from the Secretariat for Environmental Protection
In the beginning is always the
word. This time the word is
quality.
In its full sense this word may
be too strong for the state of
affairs that we currently have
but it certainly is not for the
objectives that we aspire after.
Our attempts at improving environmental quality in our city
as fast possible are reflected in
the publciation which is before
you.
Reports like these constitute
a true cross-section in space
(that of Belgrade) and time
(annualy ) of the state of the
environment around us.
The parameters of the quality of environmental factors
namely, air, water, soil, radioactivity and noise, covered by
the monitoring programme,
have been presented as
recorded at the time of measurement. This publication
consolidates the data for
easier analysis. Evidently, they
demonstrate that their quality
is changeable.
The efforts that we have been
exerting with a view to quality improvement are shown
by the programme activities
undertaken.
Through its extensive regulation, reconstruction and
construction programmes,
primarily in the municipal,
traffic and other infrastructure, the City Administration is
constantly upgrading not only
the quality of facilities and the
process of the functioning of
the city, but equally and just
as importantly, the quality of
environmental parameters in
Belgrade.
What does the Secretariat for
Environmental Protection in
Belgrade have to its credit?
Definitely a series of projects
which meet the contemporary
standards of organised countries and of EU directives. For
instance, the project „Green
Legislation“, which has received undivided recognition
for the regulation of green areas in Belgrade. The executed
projects of protection of Veliko
Ratno Ostrvo (Island) and
shortly also of Mt. Kosmaj and
Mt. Avala (in 2005) are only the
result of patient work in previous years.
Projects for the removal of
radioactive lightning rods
and addressing the problem
of medicinal waste have also
been going on for a number of
years.
Numerous direct activities
have also been undertaken to
raise environmental awareness, promote recycling, or
better to put it the sorting
and collecting of useful waste,
clean-up campaigns, afforestation campaigns, environmental panels, etc. Accordingly,
observed from our standpoint,
cooperation with non-governmental organisations is
very good. We are particularly
glad to have been invited to
participate in numerous
environmental campaigns
and equally happy with the
massive response at our own.
Needless to say, we feel ill at
ease because we are unable
to financially support all the
activities of non-governmental
organisations.
The most important thing in
2004 happened at its very end.
A package of environmental
protection laws was finally
adopted.
Consequently and logically,
the bulk of preparations for
changes aimed at conclusively
regulating environmental
protection acts at all planning
and project levels fell to the
purviews of all local administrations and environmental
protection services in our
republic.
From the professional stand
point, this Secretariat prepared
appropriate procedures to
meet the obligations stemming from the new laws, practically in its stride. Assistance
to that end was also extended
to our colleagues from numerous municipalities in the area
and farther afield.
Regrettably, the enormous
workload placed on the Secretariat has not been paralleled
by an adequtae number of
new expert staff recruitments
and a better organisation of
the sector. But that is already
something for the coming
years.
Secretary
Mr Branislav Božović
BEFORE
Belgrade in BRIEF
There has been a settlement
at the confluence of the Sava
and Danube for seven millennia. It has survived during
this long period despite the
invaders and their ruthless
burning and destruction. Its
inhabitants have always rebuilt
it, and fashioned a new and
better way of life, right up until
the present day, as Belgrade
proudly bears witness.
Belgrade is one of the oldest cities in Europe and is the
largest urban centre in the
Balkans after Athens. The oldest archeological finds in the
area date from the fifth millennium B.C. The historic site of
Vinca, with its cultural artificats dating from prehistoric
man (Neolithic plastic arts) is
located on the banks of the
Danube. The city of Singidunum was established by Celtic
tribesmen in the third century
B.C. at the confluence of the
Save and Danube, and the city
is also mentioned by ancient
sources.
In the sixth century, Slavs
made ever more frequent
crossings of the Danube in
order to settle permanently
in the area. And so they built
their first settlement, known
as Beli Grad (White City), on a
rocky outcrop overlooking the
confluence of the two rivers.
The name of Belgrade is mentioned for the first time in 878,
and during its long and stormy
history the city was occupied
by 40 different armies and
rebuilt from its ashes 38 times.
From the 16th to the 19th
century the city had numerous
names in various languages,
including: Alba Graeca, Alba
Bulgarica, Bello grado, Nandor
Alba, Griechisch Weissenburg
and Castelbianco, all of which
are translations of the Slavic
word Beograd.
Foto: N. Čović
Belgrade has huge significance
as a road and rail junction at
the crossroads of eastern and
western Europe, as well as being an international river port,
airport and telecommunications centre. It comprises 3.6%
of the teritorry of Serbia, is
home to 15.8% of the population of the country and 31.2%
of the employed population of
the republic work there.
Belgrade is home to important
trade, banking, agricultural
and economic assets, the most
important being the metal and
metal-processing industry and
the electronics industry. 30%
of the Serbian national product is generated there.
Belgrade is the capital of
Serbian culture, education and
science. It is home to the largest concentration of institutions of national importance
in the fields of science and art.
The Serbian Academy of Science and Art, founded in 1886
as the Serbian Royal Academy,
the Serbian National Library,
founded in 1832, the National
Museum, founded in 1841 and
the National Theatre, founded
in 1869 are all located in Belgrade. The city is also home to
Belgrade University, founded
in 1808 as the Great School, as
well as the University of Art.
The Belgrade City Office for
the Protection of Cultural
Monuments:
www.belgradeheritage.com
Important DATES
7000 BC – the first Neolithic settlement
c. 630 – the Slavs capture Singidunum
878 – the first written mention of the Slavic name of Beograd in a letter from the Roman
Catholic pope John VIII
1284 – the Serbian king Dragutin is given Belgrade by the Hungarian crown and the city comes
under Serbian rule for the first time
1403 – during the reign of Despot Stefan Lazarevic, Belgrade becomes the capital city of mediaeval Serbia
1521 – the Turks capture Belgrade
1806 – Karadjordje liberates the town of Belgrade and it again becomes the capital of Serbia
1808 – the Great School is opened
1841 – Belgrade becomes the capital of the Princedom of Serbia during the first reign of Mihailo Obrenovic
1867 – the Turkish commander Ali Reza Pasha hands the keys of Belgrade town over to prince
Mihailo in the Kalemegdan fortress and the Turks finally leave Belgrade
1882 – Serbia becomes a Kingdom, with Belgrade as its capital city
1918 – Belgrade becomes the capital of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
1945 – a constitutional assembly proclaims the foundation of the Federal National Republic of
Yugoslavia
1999 – for three months NATO bombs Yugoslavia, including targets in the centre of Belgrade
2006 – Belgrade is once again the capital of an independent Serbia
Facts about BELGRADE
Status: Capital of the Republic of Serbia, having city status as a
separate teritorrial unit, and with its own local government
bodies
Administrative divisions: 17 city municipalities, each having
their own local government
Geographic position:
¤ Southern Europe, on the Balkan peninsula, West Balkan
¤ At the confluence of the rivers Sava and Danube, between
the Panonian Plain to the north and the mountainous central region of Serbia known as Sumadija to the south; also
the location of Mt. Avala (511 m) and Mt. Kosmaj (628 m)
Map coordinates:
¤ Latitude north: 44⁰49’14’’
¤ Longitude east: 20 27’44’’
Average height above sea level: 116.75 m
Area: 3,222.68 sq. km
Climate:
¤ mean annual air temperature: 11.7 ⁰C
¤ moderate continental
¤ mean annual rainfall: 669.5 litres/m2
¤ mean atmospheric pressure: 1,001 millibars
¤ mean relative humidity: 69.5%
Population: 1,732,400 (2005 figure)
Religion: Orthodox Christian 90.68%, Islam 1.29%, Catholic
1.03%, Protestant 0.24%, Jewish 0.03%, atheist 3%, unknown
2.02% (2002 census)
The City of Belgrade: www.beograd.org.yu
City ADMINISTRATION
The City Administration performs an administrative role within
the framework of the powers and responsibilities delegated to
the City, as well as certain professional functions required by
the City Assembly, the Mayor and the City Council.
Departments:
Professional services:
Special Organizations:
¤ F inance Department
¤ T own Planning and Building
¤ A ssembly Business and
¤ Institute for IT and Statistics
¤ B elgrade City Commercial
Projects Department
¤ P ublic Works and Housing
Department
¤ P roperty Rights and Building
Inspection Department
¤ T raffic Department
¤ E nvironmental Protection
Department
¤ C ommerce Department
¤ C ulture Department
¤ E ducation Department
¤ S port and Youth Department
¤H
ealth Department
¤ S ocial and Children’s Welfare
Department
¤ Inspections Department
¤ A dministration Department
Regulations Service
¤ Information Service
¤G
eneral Affairs Service
¤ S ervice for Communications
and Citizen Relations
¤ P ublic Procurement Service
¤ C ity Assembly Chairman’s
Premises Agency
¤ B udget Audit Office
¤ A gency for Cooperation
with Non-governmental
Organizations and European
Harmonization
Office
¤M
ayor’s Office
Mayor Mr. Nenad Bogdanović
City public COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS
The City of Belgrade has founded the following: 10 public service companies, seven public companies, one organization, 34 cultural institutions (theatres, cultural centres, museums, libraries and
other organizations), 27 health institutions (local health centres, pharmacies, institutes and medical centres), 17 child welfare institutions (pre-school centres), three social welfare institutions and
three physical culture institutions (sports centres).
Public service companies:
¤ B elgrade City Transport Company
(www.gsp.co.yu)
Companies and organizations:
¤ B elgrade City Construction Land and Building
Directorate (www.beoland.com)
¤ B elgrade Roads public service company
¤ B elgrade Town Planning Office
¤ B elgrade Waterworks and Sewage public ser-
¤ C ity Housing (www.stambeno.com)
¤ S ava Centre (www.savacentar.com)
¤ A da Ciganlija (www.adaciganlija.co.yu)
¤ B elgrade Fortress
(www.beogradput.org.yu)
vice company (www.bvk.co.yu)
¤ B elgrade Power Stations public service company (www.beoelektrane.co.yu)
¤ C ity Markets public service company
(www.bgpijace.co.yu)
¤ C ity Hygiene public service company
¤ Infostan public service company
(www.infostan.co.yu)
¤ B elgrade Parks public service company
(www.zelenilo.co.yu)
¤ P arking Service public service company
(www.parking-servis.co.yu)
¤ F uneral Services public service company
(www.beogradskagroblja.co.yu)
(www.urbel.com)
(www.beogradskatvrdjava.co.yu)
¤ S tudio B Public Radio Broadcasting Company
(www.studio-b.co.yu)
¤ B elgrade Tourist Organization
(www.tob.co.yu)
Environment
Culture and ART
Belgrade ranks as one of the greenest capitals
in Europe with large natural oases both on the
edges of the town and near to the city centre
itself. Dozens of rare bird species live in the
woods on the outskirts of Belgrade. There are
182 trees in Belgrade which are protected by
law. The greenery of Belgrade extends to more
than 40 sq. kilometres.
Belgrade is the cultural and artistic centre of
Serbia. The most important native artists work
in the city and each year more than 9,000 theatrical performances, art exhibitions, concerts,
performances and other artistic events are held.
Numerous eminent artists from the world of art
come to Belgrade from all parts of the globe. It
is the home of the top state and national cultural and art institutions such as:
The banks of the Belgrade rivers are 200 kilometres in length. There are 16 river islands on the
Belgrade waterways of which the best-known
are Ada Ciganlija, Veliko ratno ostrvo and Grocanska ada. The length of the Danube in Belgrade is 60 kilometres, and the Sava about 30.
¤ the National Theatre
(www.narodnopozoriste.co.yu),
¤ the National Museum
(www.narodnimuzej.org.yu),
¤ the Serbian National Library
(www.nbs.bg.ac.yu).
10
Belgrade also houses the most important works
of architecture, among them the Belgrade
Fortress, various cultural monuments and other
cultural treasures and numerous archeological sites whose remains bear witness to the
well-developed civilization and culture that has
flourished in the soil of Belgrade from prehistoric times right up to today.
Foto: N. Čović
The Development of BELGRADE
Addresses & IMPRINT
On 16th March 2006 Belgrade was pronounced
Southern European City of the Future. The European Cities and Regions of the Future competition is organised by the Financial Times. The
categories and criteria guiding the jury were:
economic potential, business costs, human resources, transport, information technology and
telecommunications, quality of life for foreign
investors, and the best promotional strategy for
attracting direct foreign investments. For these
reasons foreign investors see Belgrade as an
increasingly attractive place to do business.
BELGRADE CITY ASSEMBLY
Dragoslava Jovanovica 2,
tel. ++381 (0)11 3244-415, 3229-975
MAYOR
Dragoslava Jovanovica 2,
tel. ++381 (0)11 3246-764, 3229-787
CITY ADMINISTRATION
Trg Nikole Pašića 6,
switchboard 3229-678
27. marta 43-45,
switchboard 3227-241
Tiršova 1,
switchboard 2688-655
Golsvordijeva 35,
switchboard 3083-800
Masarikova 5,
switchboard 3614-500
Makenzijeva 31,
switchboard 2453-142
11
ACTIVITIES of THE SECRETARIAT for ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Committee for Urban Planning and Protection of the
Environment was established
in Belgrade in 1974. It was the
department of the City Management. On April 1, 1990, the
Department for the Environment was separated from the
Committee and became an
independent body within the
city managerial structure. It
was formed under the name
of Secretariat for the Environmental Protection.
12
The Secretariat has its assignments defined by relevant
regulations. Beside them, it
has been dealing with a part
of assignments belonging to
the duties and obligations of
Serbia as republic. These have
been performed according to
the relevant by- laws adopted
by the City Municipality and
the Mayor. The Secretariat
assignments are performed
within two sectors: Sector for
Monitoring of the Quality of
the Environment and Sector for the Protection of the
Nature and Definition of the
Conditions for the Protection
of the Environment.
Secretariat for the Environment participates in realization of the adopted policy of
protection and promotion of
the environment in the Republic of Serbia. Its rights and
duties are to monitor the situation in this area in the city of
Belgrade, undertake measures
and manage the activities
related to protection of natural
resources that are important
to the quality of the environment and population health.
Secretariat for the Environment performs the assignments related to the protec-
tion and promotion of the
environment, through definition and realization of action
and restoration plans and
programs (environment- directed protective measures);
ecological education; air, soil,
and water quality control
and protection of this quality; protection of the flora
and fauna and control of their
populations; protection from
excessive noise and vibrations;
protection from ionizing and
non- ionizing radiation and
from hazardous and harmful
substances. It defines the criteria of environmental protection that have to be taken into
account in urban planning and
construction of facilities and
plants. The Secretariat issues
working permits for of plants
and their performance; defines
measures for the protection of
Organizational Chart - Secreteriat for Environmental Protection
Secretariat
Sector for monitoring of the
quality of the Environment
Department for monitoring,
protection from accidents
and preventive protection
Section for comunal
zoohygiene and
control of pests
Sector for Protection of the
Nature and Environment
Department
for law and Economics
Department for the
protection of environmental
impact assessment
Section for environmental
impact assessment of
plans and objects
nature and natural goods, their
utilization and development; it
establishes special fee for the
protection and promotion of
the environment and performs
other assignments in this area.
The Secretariat performs its
duties based on the relevant
legislation, Statute and other
by-laws.
The Secretariat performs assignments of the government,
related to the environmental
protection and promotion,
entrusted upon the city of
Belgrade by the Republic.
Secretariat
Dr Elizabet Paunović
Deputy Secretary, M. D.
Branislav Božović
Secretary, B. Sc. (Engineering)
Sector for monitoring of the
quality of the environment
Marija Grubačević
Assistant Secretary, B. Sc.
(Engineering)
Department for
monitoring, protection
from accidents and
preventive protection
Tanja
Srnic-Stanimirovic
Section Head, B. Sc.
(Chemistry)
Zorica Popović,
associate
Section for
comunal zoohygiene and
c
ontrol of pests
Radomir Mijic
Associate, B. Sc.
(Engineering)
Mirjana Sretković
Technical Secretary
Mirjana Gucić
Assistant Secretary, B.A. (Law)
Department for
law and economics
Department for
the protection of
environmental impact
assessment
Milena Bujas
Section Head, B, A.
(Law)
Valentina Sterđević
Section Head, B. Sc.
(Spatial Planning)
Ivana Jevtić
Associate, B. A.
(Economics)
Sanja Krstić
Associate, B. Sc.
(Spatial Planning)
13
Section for
environmental impact
assessment of plans
and objects
Sanja Štrbac
Associate, B. A.
(Law)
Slavica Tošić
Section Head, B. Sc.
(Engineering)
Milutin Komanović
Associate, B. Sc.
(Engineering)
Vesna Višnjevac
Associate
Biljana Glamočić
Associate, B. Sc.
(Engineering)
Andrea ZelićRadojičić,
Associate, B. Sc.
(Physics)
Magdalena Obradović
Associate
I PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF QUALITY
OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN BELGRADE
These Programs have been adopted each year, with the exception of Air Quality Program (adopted
for the two- year period). All programs have to be adopted by the City Assembly.
SYSTEMATIC CONTROL OF
QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT has been performed on
a regular basis, through examination, monitoring and control
of the following:
¤ Air quality
¤ Quality control of drinking
water
¤ Quality of river waters
¤ Quality of spring water/ public fountains
¤ Level of communal noise
¤ Quality control of agricultural
land
¤ Level of radioactivity
All programs have been carried out by authorized and accredited institutions, Institute
of Public Health of Belgrade,
Serbian Institute of Public
Health “Dr Milan JovanovicBatut” and Clinical Center of
Serbia, Institute for Occupa-
tional Medicine and Radiology
“Dr Dragomir Karajovic”.
Each month, since 1988, all
results have been published in
Ecological Bulletin and on the
Secretariat web page:
www.eko.bg.gov.yu
On the occasion of June 5
- The World Environment Day,
the Secretariat issues a special
annual publication dealing
with the quality of environment in Belgrade.
II PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
14
PERMANENT PROGRAMS
Eradication and control of pest
populations
The program deals with eradication and control of mosquitoes, ticks and rodents in the
teritorry of 10 municipalities
of the city. It has been realized
as a preventive health- related
program, targeted at protection of public health.
¤ R ealization of the Program
for the control of mosquito
populations encompasses
use of chemical and biological substances in order to
control mosquito larvae and
adult forms as well as domestic forms of these pests.
The treatment is performed
from the air or using devices
from the ground, on the surfaces that are continuously
monitored for the presence
and abundance of mosquitoes.
¤ C ontrol of tick populations
and their treatment in the
area of Belgrade has been
performed on the area of
approximately 7, 500 hectares, where previous investigations have revealed the
presence of tick infestation
(Lipovica forest, Sports Center “Jajinci”, Miljakovac Forest,
Banjica, Hajd park, Topcider,
Kosutnjak, Pioneers’ City,
Films City, Nova Skojevska
Settlement, The park in
banovo Brdo, the Bele Vode
park, Ada Ciganlija, Sumice,
The Zvezdzra Forest, Tasmajdan Park, Kalemegdan, Novi
Beograd- Usce with littoral
area and surrounding parks,
the Bojcinska Forest and
Stepin gaj).
¤ In one drive, the Program
of Rodent Control encompasses systematic treatment
of approximately 500, 000
apartments; 220 unsafe settlements with no sanitation;
approximately 160 hectares
of partially used or completely unused green areas;
and approximately 100 kilometers of littoral land (rivers
and streams of Ada Ciganlija
and Ada Huja). There are two
drives a year- the spring and
autumn ones.
Program for the Protection of
Natural Goods
There are approximately 45
registered natural goods in
the area of Belgrade. They are
of special value and features.
The City Government provides
realization of long- term plans
of management and annual
programs of protection and
development of the goods
under protection.
Between 1993 and 2007, the
city of Belgrade issued numerous decrees about protection
of natural goods, covering
19 natural monuments of
botanical and biologic value
(The Banjica Forest- 18 individual trees) and two areas of
extraordinary characteristics
in the Belgrade area (Veliko
ratno ostrvo and the Kosmaj
mountain).
During 2006, the following
natural goods have been
placed under protection: the
Gingko tree in Vracar Municipality; the cypress three in
Dedinje; yew tree in Pozeska
Street and three trees of English oak in Bare. The chosen
plants have rare botanical
value, are representative in
their dendrometric features
and promote the characteristics of certain areas of the city.
15
MID-TERM PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
REMOVAL OF RADIOACTIVE
LIGHTNING RODS
“GREEN REGULATORY RULES OF
BELGRADE”
Ever since 2002, there has
been a program of staged
replacing of radioactive
lightning rods from residential
buildings, pre- school facilities
and schools. The first and second stages have been ended,
with the third one under way.
More than 180 lightning rods
have been replaced and 80
more have currently been
under replacement.
It started in 2003 as one of the
first within the Belgrade Master Plan by 2012. Its function is
to help make an overview and
completely resolve implementation of the above document
from the standpoint of the
environment.
The “Green Regulatory Rules
of Belgrade” have four stages.
The first stage relates to the
creation of a Decision Proposal
concerning Protection and
Promotion of green Areas of
the City. The second stage
relates to the preparation of
Contents and Programs for the
Definition of GIS- green areas
of Belgrade and Preparation
of the Contents and Defining
the Actions for the Belgrade
Biotope Mapping.
¤ THE THIRD STAGE OF THE
PROJECT “Green Regulatory
Rules of Belgrade” continued
in 2006, under the title “Plan
of General Regulation of
Green Areas of the City”. The
mentioned “Mapping and
Validation of the City Biotopes” will have been done
within this Project.
“INTEGRATED VALORIZATION OF
FOREST RESOURCES
OF BELGRADE”
The aim of this project is to
implement strategies and
measures to protect the environment, natural resources,
forestry, watercourses and the
system of green areas that
have been defined in strategic documents of the city of
Belgrade.
the forests within the system
of environmental protection
and multi- functional utilization.
It is expected that the Project
will have resulted in expansion
of areas under forests, especially in the function of reforestation of degraded areas
and prevention of erosion. We
expect it to contribute to the
development of urban forestry
and promotion of the social
significance of forests, their
preservation in representative
areas. It will certainly have resulted in the provision of sustainable utilization of biologic
resources and bio- diversity.
“BELGRADE- HEALTHY CITY”
“Belgrade- Healthy City” has
been realized in cooperation
with representatives from the
Secretariat for the Environment, Secretariat for Health
and the WHO Representative
Office in Belgrade. “Healthy
Cities” from Copenhagen have
participated in the creation of
Initial Documents on Healthy
Cities.
The Project will have been
done in three stages, encompassing the forests of administrative area of the city. It aims
to give greater significance to
III RESEARCH STUDIES, PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
16
The Secretariat has accepted
to fund research programs
and projects that contribute to
improvements in the environment. Such scientific works
are:
¤ R emediation study for the
source of the Makis and
Surcinsko Polje;
¤ R egulation and protection
of the natural reserve “Veliko
ratno ostrvo” (de- silting of
the canal, stocking the river
with fish species, revitalization of the eco- system, etc.);
¤ P roject “Toxic elements and
pesticides in agricultural
land and plant products in
the Belgrade area”
¤ P roject “Defining the populations and categorization of
stray dogs in the greater and
proper Belgrade”
¤ P roject “Research of the
methods to be used to
control Ambrosia artemisiifolia ragweed; effects of
herbicides and monitoring of
consequences of the measures undertaken in the area
of Belgrade”
¤ S tudy “Spatial bases for the
protection of areas with
preserved cultural and historical heritage in the area of
Belgrade”, in accordance with
the Convention on European
Heritage
¤ “ A Map of Radiation in Belgrade: “- identification and
systematization of ionizing
sources in the area of Belgrade
¤ “ Inventory of electro- mag-
netic polluters in the area
of Belgrade”- identification,
measuring and assessment
of electro- magnetic burden;
¤ “ Revising and updating the
“Hazard Map of Belgrade”identification and assessment of chemical accidents
hazards in stationary and
mobile sources, serving as a
basis for the definition of Accidents Protection Plan.
¤ P rogram “Medical waste
management”- in public
health care facilities of Belgrade.
¤ P rograms and projects of defining and control of populations of abandoned animals
in order to ensure their
protection and well- being.
IV ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PLANS AND PROJECTS
In December 2004, we adopted four new laws related to
the environmental protection:
Law on the Environment, Law
on Strategic Environmental
Impact Assessment, Law on
Environmental Impact Assessment and Law on Integrated
Prevention and Control of
Environmental Pollution.
In the above period, environmental impact assessment of
plans and projects was realized through issuance of the
following documents:
¤ 2 31 normative deeds de-
fining the measures and
conditions of environmental
protection- an indispensable part of spatial plans and
projects;
to the initiation of strategic
environmental impact assessment (or the absence of
need to initiate such assessment);
¤ 4 agreements related to the
Reports on strategic EIA of a
certain plan;
¤ 5 7 opinions concerning pro-
We have also had 227 administrative procedures related to
EIA.
PUBLISHING, PROMOTION AND
PRESENTATIONS
SUPPORT TO PROFESSIONAL
MEETINGS
Secretariat for the Environment participated, independently or with other
institutions, in the creation,
publishing, printing and promotion of a large number of
scientific, professional, educational and information projects, publications, magazines,
monographs and editions.
Representatives of the Secretariat have participated in
organization, preparation and
work of a series of meetings,
conferences, congresses, public debates, and workshops.
They have participated in
many study trips, in Serbia and
in foreign countries.
posals and decisions related
V OTHER ACTIVITIES
Within cooperation among administrative bodies and other
secretariats and professionals,
institutes and schools of the
Belgrade University, we have
given support to the realization of a series of projects and
programs that are supposed to
improve the quality of environment in the city. We have also
taken an active part in some of
these.
17
MONITORING PROGRAMS
Air Quality Control - Objectives
Systematic, program- based
measuring of air pollution on
the teritorry of Belgrade, with
the following objectives:
¤m
onitoring of the degree of
air pollution in relation to
imission limit values (ILVs);
¤ u ndertaking preventive
measures in the segments
which are important for the
protection of air quality from
pollution;
¤ informing the public and defining recommendations for
individual behavior in cases
18
of episodes of increased air
pollution;
¤m
onitoring of concentration
trends, by city zones;
¤ a ssessment of population
exposure;
¤ identification of the sources
of pollution or risk;
¤ e valuation of long- term
trends; and
¤ a nalysis of the measures
undertaken to prevent air
pollution.
Legal basis
The legal basis for adoption
of the Program of Air Quality
Control in the area of Belgrade,
Serbia has been contained in
the Law on Environmental Protection. Therefore, the authorities of Belgrade are obliged by
law, within their competence,
to provide continuous control
and monitoring of the environment. A systematic measuring of imissions included
in the Program, have been
performed through monitoring networks set up in several
levels.
CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF AIR POLLUTANTS TO BE MONITORED
Main pollutants in ambient air, of interest in an urban setting, in the present air quality monitoring
network of Belgrade have been presented in Table 1. The group of substances, widespread in ambient air, has been selected because of their impact on human health. Additional increased attention
has been paid to air toxics such as PAHs, acid aerosols and BTEX.
Ambient air
Table 1. Belgrade: Main pollutants in ambient air that have been monitored
SO2, NOX, NO2 – 24-hour averages
O3 – 24-hour, 1 and 8-hour averages
Gas components
CO – 30 minute, 1 hour, BTEX 1-hour and 24-hour averages
PAH – 3,4 benzo-a-pyrene (BaP) – averages per month
Soot, total deposited matter – 24-hour averages
Solid phases in the air
SPM (mass conc.) mass concentration, 24-hour averages
Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni, Hg, Cr – averages per month
Methodologies of Air Monitoring
The local urban air quality network consists of 17 stationary measurement sites. These sites cover
the teritorry according to the above mentioned objectives. During the year 2002, the existing air
monitoring network was upgraded with three automatic analyzers (Horiba AP-360, series APNANOX, APSA-SO2, APMA-CO, APHA-total hydrocarbons). In order to fulfill the ISO 17025 requirements, we have also obtained measurement devices for sampling SPM 2.5 and 10, PM10 (EN
12341), PM 2.5 and BTEX Analyser – type airmo BTX 1000.
19
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, 2002- 2006
1. Annual Mean SO2, black smoke and NO2 concentrations µg/m3 in Belgrade
Year
SO2
Black smoke
Nitrogen dioxide**
2002
13
30
30
2003
30
32
32
2004
16
29
29
2005
24
33
31
2006
24
34
31
2004
2.4
31
9
2005
5
40
3
2006
3
43
6
2004
408
358
491
2005
394
450
189
2006
286
252
137
** Systematic measuring started in 1996
2. Average Number of Days with Excessive ILVs, per location in Belgrade
Year
SO2
Black smoke
Nitrogen dioxide
2002
1.3
44
8
2003
2.8
41
9
3. Maximum annual concentrations registered in Belgrade
Maximum
concentration*
Black smoke
SO2
NO2
20
* Expressed in µg/m3
Year
2002
259
187
258
2003
417
304
192
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Chart 1.
Mean Annual
and Seasonal
values of SO2
(µg/m3) in
Belgrade, 2006
Year
Winter
Summer
1
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 13 14 15 18 19 22 23 24
Chart 2.
60
Mean Annual
and Seasonal
Values of Black
Smoke (µg/m3)
in Belgrade,
2006
50
40
30
20
Year
10
0
Summer
1
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Chart 3.
Mean Annual
and Seasonal
Values of NO2
(µg/m3) in
Belgrade, 2006
70
60
50
40
30
20
Year
10
Winter
0
21
Winter
Summer
1
3
5
6
8
10
11
12
21
22
AIR POLLUTION PRODUCED BY THE SUBSTANCES ORIGINATING
FROM TRAFFIC
We have performed sampling
and measuring at 12 sampling
points.
The results show that the
trend of pollution has been
increasing.
Examination of the pollutants
at intersections in Belgrade
has been done at 12 representative spots, from January 1 to
December 31, 2006.
Most endangered zones of the
city are the central one and
transition route, where we
have seen elevations of concentrations of all pollutants.
This is explained by the traffic
structure and types of vehicles
using these routes.
Measuring of all parameters
has been performed twice a
month, at eight intersections.
At four intersections it ahs
been performed four times a
month.
There are two types of intersections:
¤ these with 90- 92% of passenger vehicles (the loca-
22
tions of London, Nusiceva
Street and Railway Station)
¤ T hese with approximately
70% of passenger vehicles
(Cvijiceva Street, Railway
Station).
Let us stress that differences
in concentrations of the pollutants have not been significant. The narrow city core has
directly been jeopardized by
the intersections. The data also
stress the impact of meteorological conditions, which
directly influence the spread of
pollutants.
RADIOACTIVITY IN THE AIR
Program of systematic monitoring of the levels of radioactivity in the environment
of Belgrade has been defined
based on provisions of the Law
on the Protection from Ionizing Radiation (published in the
“Official Herald of the FR Yugoslavia”, no 45/ 97). There are
two other legal documents to
monitor this type of radiation:
a) the Decree on Systematic
Gamma irradiation
137
137
Cs in the air
Cs in precipitation
Examination of Radio nuclides
in the Environment (published
in the “Official Herald of the FR
Yugoslavia”, no 9/ 99) and Rulebook on the Levels of Radioactive Contamination in the Environment and on the Manner of
Decontamination (published
in the “Official Herald of the FR
Yugoslavia”, no 9/99).
Since1990, the Secretariat for
the Environment has been de-
fining the Program of Systematic Monitoring of the Levels
of radioactivity in the Belgrade
Environment. The Institute
for Occupational Medicine
and Radiology “Dr Dragomir
Karajovic” has realized the
Program.
In the city, we have continuously measured the intensity
of gamma radiation at 1 m
above the ground.
Intensity of the absorbed dose of gamma irradiation in the air was
in 2006 within the intervals of 0.075 to 0.160 µGy/ h, with mean
annual value of 0.0837 ± 0.004 µGy/ h. This corresponds to the
limits of change of the natural radiation in the air.
Activity of 137 Cs in the air was low in 2006
The values of 137 Cs were below the detection limits
QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FROM THE BELGRADE WATERWORKS
For several decades, Institute
of Public Health of Belgrade
has been monitoring the quality of drinking water processed
in the Belgrade Waterworks
Public Utility. The monitoring
has been performed in order
to secure safe, hygienic drinking water for the Belgrade
population.
purification and in the Service
for Sanitation and Control of
the Belgrade Waterworks. This
Service takes approximately
equal number of samples as
Institute of Public Health of
Belgrade.
The control has been performed according to the
Program based on the Rulebook on Hygienic Safety of
Drinking Water (published in
the “Official Herald of the FR
Yugoslavia”, no 42/ 98). Beside
this, additional examination
of the water quality has been
performed in the laboratories
of the very Water processing
Utility, at installations for water
¤ a t five installations for water
Within the systematic control
of quality of drinking water,
the samples have been taken:
treatment (Banovo Brdo,
Bezanija, Bele vode, Makis
and Vinca);
¤ from 16 tanks, and
¤ A t 87 distribution network
points, in various parts of the
city.
The samples from installations
have been taken daily; the
samples from the tanks have
been taken during one week.
During the same time interval,
all points from the distributive
network have been covered.
In the samples, we monitor
physical, chemical, bacteriological, biological quality of
the water and the degree of
radioactivity. Physical and
chemical examinations of
samples have been done using
several “regimens” (defined by
the current Rulebook). These
are basic, periodical and “large”
regimens.
The results of laboratory
examinations of the samples
of drinking water (processed
in the Belgrade Waterworks
23
Public Utility) are presented
in monthly and annual reports. These are distributed to
Sanitary Inspection Service,
Secretariat for the Environment and the very Public Utility “Belgrade Waterworks”.
The city of Belgrade and its
surrounding settlements
are major users of the water
processed in the Belgrade
Waterworks Public Utility. The
average water consumption
was 6, 772 l/h in 2006. Out of
the total quantity of processed
drinking water, 59.34% originate from underground water
sources and the remaining
40.66%- from the rivers.
In respect to the results we
have obtained, there have
been no major aberrations
from the legal norms in the
past five years. Ovde staviti
24
Table 1. Total number of samples and percentage of physical, chemical and bacteriological aberrations in the samples of drinking water taken from The Belgrade Waterworks, 2001- 2006
Year
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Total no of examined samples
6, 535
6, 565
6, 579
6, 537
6, 631
Physical/ chemical aberrations
no of samples
%
115
1.7
64
1.0
83
1.3
100
1.5
96
1.4
Bacteriological aberrations
no of samples
%
337
5.2
275
4.2
349
5.3
420
6.4
383
5.8
In respect to physical and
chemical aberrations as
against relevant norms, turbidity and iron content (with
aberration percentage less
than 2% (see Table 1) are most
frequently seen. Another examined parameters of physical
and chemical characteristics in
the samples of drinking water
have always been within the
allowed limits. PAHs, however,
polychlorinated biphenyls,
organochlorine and organophosphoric pesticides, phenols, cyanides, mineral oils, alkyl- benzo- sulphonates, toxic
metals (such as mercury, cadmium, chrom), nitrites, chlorinated alcanes, ethenes, benzoles, aromatic carbohydrates
and the total α and β activity
has never been detected. In
other words, they have always
been below the detection limit
of the applied method. Other
parameters have been below
MAC. From the standpoint of
human health, it is favorable
that these substances have always been significantly below
the regulated limits. This has
also been the case with the
concentrations of by-products
of disinfection, that occur in
the water after treatment with
chlorine.
From the technical standpoint
of water utilization, it is worth
mentioning that the values of
total water hardness are lower
in the part of system on the
right bank of River Sava, i.e. in
the old part of the city. They
have ranged between 9.6 and
17.10 dH. Water hardness in
the “Bezanija” installation (i.e.
in the teritorry of Novi Beograd and Zemun) is greaterranging between 16.7 and
18.90 dH.
In the bacteriological sense,
the quality of drinking water
processed in the Belgrade
Waterworks Public Utility in
the five-year period had percentage aberrations ranging
from 4.0% and 6.5% (Table
1). In most instances, these
samples were taken from the
distribution network in the
summer. Aberrations were the
result of the increased number
of bacteria. However, this has
never posed any major healthrelated risk. It is important as
the indicator of purity and integrity of the very distribution
network. It is crucial to say that
pathogenic microorganisms
have never been isolated from
the drinking water processed
in the Belgrade Waterworks.
Based on the scientific results, examination methods
and state-of the-art technical
findings, we may assess that
the water from the Belgrade
Waterworks Public Utility is
safe and healthy for human
consumption.
25
QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FROM PUBLIC FOUNTAINS
During 2006, we have taken and examined in the laboratories 328 samples of drinking water
originating from public fountains. This assignment was done within the Program of control of the
quality of water from the springs, captured in public fountains. The results of our examinations are
shown in Table 2.
Scope of Examinations
Basic analysis
Periodic analysis
TOTAL
No of samples
303
25
328
Unsafe (bacteriology)
156 (51.5%)
14 (56.0%)
170 (51.8%)
Unsafe
(physical-chemical
characteristics)
82 (27.01%)
6 (25.0%)
88 (26.8%)
During the program realization, reports on the performed laboratory analyses of the water taken
from public fountains have been regularly submitted to the relevant Secretariats. Institute of Public
Health of Belgrade gave daily information (via telephone) about the current results and advised the
population if the water from public fountains had been safe or unsafe for use.
QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE BELGRADE TERITORRY
BETWEEN 2001 AND 2006
Methodologies of Control
For more than four decades,
monitoring the quality of
surface waters in Belgrade has
been carried out on the two
international rivers (Sava and
Danube) and sixteen smaller
watercourses of transit nature.
The process has been performed on 27 control points.
Surface waters quality control
has been done in order to assess the quality of watercourses, monitoring the pollution
trends, assessment of selfpurification. It has been done
to assess the adequacy of the
river bodies to provide enough
quantities of drinking water
for the city of Belgrade and
the settlements of Obrenovac,
Baric and Vinca.
26
Another purpose of this process is to assess the options for
irrigation of the surrounding
agricultural land and provide
protection of health of all
these who use the waters for
recreational purposes. The
data we have obtained served
as the basis for the assessment
of efficacy of the measures we
have been undertaking so far
to diminish pollution. They will
have be the cornerstone of
our new proposals related to
the protection of the surface
waters. Throughout their
courses, the waters of Sava
and Danube have been classified as “class II” - they might be
used for recreational purposes,
stocking with cyprinid fish and
drinking water supply (after
the classical physical- chemical
treatment).
Disturbed samples of the surface sediment layer have been
examined using Canadian
Sediment Quality Guidelines.
The examinations have been
done twice a month, on the
spots upstream of the two
points of water capture of the
Belgrade Waterworks (Makis
and Vinca). On other spots,
they are performed once a
month.
Once a year, we examine bio
cumulation of organic micro
pollutants and heavy metals in
the shellfish and muscle tissue
of benthonic zone fish and
predators.
Laboratory examinations of
certain parameters have been
done according to the relevant
ISO standards and USA-EPA
and AWWA standard methods.
We examine basic physicalchemical parameters, indicators of oxygen regimen, nutrients, toxic organic substances
(Council Directive 86/280/EEC
of 12 June 1986 on limit values
and quality objectives for discharges of certain dangerous
substances),
inorganic toxic substances
(metals and metalloids and
other toxic inorganic substances), sanitary- microbiological
and biological parameters.
We also determine the pollutants listed in the Proposal for
a European Parliament and
Council Decision establishing
the list of priority substances
in the field of water policy (EU
Decision 2000/ 0035 (COD)
and the List of Specific Substances proposed by ICPD for
the Danube River.
Assessment of the quality of
surface waters and their suitability for water supply, recreational purposes and irrigation
has been made based on the
relevant Serbian legislation,
WHO recommendations and
EU Directives.
Assessment of the content of
organic and inorganic micro
pollutants in the sediment
was made by comparison with
probable effect levels according to the Canadian Sediment
Quality Guidelines and incidence (percentage) of adverse
biological effects in concentration ranges was defined by
these values.
Bio cumulation is assessed
based on the values given in
the Rulebook on the quantities of pesticides, metals and
metalloids and other poisonous substances, anabolics and
other substances that might
be found in foods (issued in
the “Official Gazette of the
SFRY, no 5/ 92) and the WHO
Recommendations.
27
EXAMINATION RESULTS
The Sava
The examinations performed
so far show that the quality
of Sava River has aberrations
mostly caused by changed
sanitary- microbiological
parameters. Several basic
physical- chemical parameters
and nutrients are occasionally
beyond the limits of relevant
norms. Indicators of oxygen
regimen are sporadically
beyond these limits too. Ex-
sediment. They are above the
probable effect levels according to the Canadian Sediment
Quality Guidelines.
Bio cumulation of heavy metals is obvious in the shellfish.
In the fish, we detect mild
increase of mercury content in
the predators.
Summary results of examinations of the Sava River water
quality in the past five years
have been shown in table 3.
trations of athrazine, phenol
and mineral oils. Heavy metals are constantly within the
limits regulated by Class II river
water quality.
Items from the List of priority
substances in the field of water policy (EU Decision 2000/
0035 (COD) and ICPD List
for the Danube are, in most
cases, below the detection
limits of the applied method.
We often register high concen-
Table 3. Quality of the Sava River water in the territory of Belgrade, 2002- 2006
Year
28
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
No of
samples
66
68
68
68
68
II Classriver
waters
no of
samples
35
24
34
19
22
ceptionally rarely, in only 1- 2
samples, we register an annual
increase in the concentrations of athrazine, phenol and
mineral oils. Heavy metals are
within the limits of the Class II
river water quality.
Items from the List of priority
substances in the field of water
policy (EU Decision 2000/
0035 (COD) and ICPD List for
the Danube are, in most cases,
below the detection limits of
the applied method.
We often register high concentrations of heavy metals in the
%
53.0
35.3
50.0
27.9
32.4
beyond Class II, due to changed parameters
bacteriology and
only physical and
physical/
only bacteriology
chemical
chemical
no of
no of
no of
%
%
%
samples
samples
samples
5
7.6
15
22.7
11
16.7
11
16.2
7
10.3
26
38.2
11
16.2
4
5.9
19
27.9
22
32.4
13
19.1
14
20.6
20
29.3
4
5.9
22
32.4
The Danube
The situation is similar to the
one with Sava River: most aberrations are seen in sanitarymicrobiological parameters.
Occasionally, several basic
physical- chemical parameters,
nutrients and indicators of
oxygen regimen are beyond
the limits of relevant norms.
It is especially seen immediately downstream Belgrade.
In extremely rare instances, in
only one or two samples we
have found elevated concen-
trations of heavy metals in the
sediment. They are above the
probable effect levels according to the Canadian Sediment
Quality Guidelines.
Bio cumulation of heavy metals is obvious in the shellfish.
In the fish, we detect mild
increase of mercury content in
the predators.
Summary results of examinations of the Danube River
water quality in the past five
years have been shown in
table 4.
Table 4.Results of the river water quality control for the Danube on the territory of Belgrade,
2002- 2006
Year
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
No of
samples
66
67
68
68
68
II Classriver
waters
no of
samples
26
19
27
13
11
Other small watercourses, especially these flowing through
settlements, have been seriously degraded. Their waters
are constantly beyond borders
of regulated river water class.
Unpurified industrial and
%
39.4
28.4
39.7
19.2
16.2
beyond Class II, due to changed parameters
bacteriology and
only physical and
physical/ chemionly bacteriology
chemical
cal
no of
no of
no of
%
%
%
samples
samples
samples
14
21.2
10
15.2
16
24.2
24
35.8
6
9.0
18
26.8
10
14.7
5
7.4
26
38.2
26
38.2
9
13.2
20
29.4
23
3.8
9
13.2
25
36.8
sanitary wastewaters that pour
into these small watercourses
pose a huge environmental
and health- related problem.
They contain high concentrations of nutrients, resulting in a
complete imbalance of oxygen
and gross microbiological pollution.
Sometimes, we find high
concentrations of certain inorganic toxic substances in these
waters.
Foto: N. Čović
29
THE SOIL
Examination of Soil Pollution in the Teritorry of Belgrade In 2006
Research Area
In 2006, the Soil Pollution Program was focused on the following research areas:
Ithe soil in the zone of sanitary protection of the Belgrade Waterworks
II the soil near large crossroads
IIIthe soil within residential zone in the city
IVthe soil near industrial facilities
30
Results of Examinations
In 2006, within the aim of the Program (Examination of Soil
Pollution in the teritorry of Belgrade) we have sampled 64 soils
from 33 locations and examined them in our laboratory
The conclusions reached in previous years have been conGeneral remarks
firmed: there are locations with re- confirmed degradation of
the surface layer of the soil
In a majority of samples we have registered aberrations from
Most frequently seen pollutants the relevant Rulebook, due to elevated concentrations of a
heavy metal (nickel)
Confirmation of the presence of nickel in similar (elevated)
concentrations, in a great number of soil samples, at certain
Nickel
locations, points to its geographical origin. It is naturally found
in the soil belonging to the city area
In a smaller number of soil samples, at certain locations, we
registered presence of specific pollutants that normally are not
Other pollutants
present in the surface layer of the soil (i.e pollutants of anthropogenic origin- PAH, DDT, mineral oils)
Scope of research
31
COMMUNAL NOISE IN BELGRADE
The level of noise has been monitored at 30 reference points. These have been defined by Secretariat for the Environment, in accordance with legal provisions and professional criteria. Measuring
spots were chosen as representatives of certain urban zones of different purpose and along major
crossroads (intersections). Zoning of the city, from the standpoint of noise, was done in 1984, in
only five municipalities.
Sources of noise
Measuring procedure
The levels of noise measured
Exceeding the allowed
level
Zoning
Maximum
32
Communal noise originates mostly from traffic. Industrial activities,
small business, construction and other activities are less important
Introduction of the 24h measuring procedure (over the standard one)
and use of the expanded protocol, helped us obtain more precise and
reliable data on the levels of communal noise
The levels of communal noise registered in 2006 were still elevated (at
24 measuring points- daytime and at 25 measuring points- nighttime).
They exceed regulated levels.
The exceeding of allowed level of noise during the day is 2- 10 dB (A).
During the night, it ranges from 1 to 16 dB (A), depending on the purpose of the zone in which it had been measured. The situation is more
favorable than in 2005
On the average, greatest exceeding of the allowed levels are found in
residential areas and zones along the busy highways
Absolute greatest noise was recorded in the Glavna and Karadjordjeva
streets. The relevant levels during the day reach even 75 dB (A) there.
During the night, they reach 70 dB (A).
ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Health and safe environment
is one of the prerogatives of
the Law on health care in the
Republic of Serbia and at the
same time of World Health Organization “Health for All 21.”
Aiming at protecting health
of the populations, it stresses
that everyday exposure to
concentrations of pollutants
should not exceed the prescribed limits. In order to provide data on concentrations of
pollutants in the environment,
and consequently, analyze
them and provide measurements, as risk factors in rela-
tion to health, we established
a system of environmental
monitoring for the teritorry of
Belgrade. The data obtained
from this system are used to
interconnect wider notion of
“Monitoring system of environment and health.”
Environmental monitoring
provides data on the state of
the environment. We are using
DPSEEA (Driving Forces-Pressures-State-Exposure-EffectsActions) model in designing
a system of Environmental
Health EH indictors within the
decision-making context. Simi-
lar methodological principle
has been applied in “Ecological
Validation of Belgrade”. There
are given health indicators of
exposure to polluted air according to Air Quality Indexes,
what is a good starting point
for both decrease of air pollution and removal of another
risk factor and it certainly contribute to the improvement of
population health.
Health Indicators are a powerful instrument in communication for policy management in
environmental protection.
33
PUBLIC UTILITIES OF BELGRADE IN THE PROTECTION
OF THE ENVIRONMENT
The activities of Secretariat for Communal and
Residential Affairs are:
MUNICIPAL WASTE SERVICES during year 2006.
manz new actions have been undertaken
¤ R egular maintenance of green areas, other
¤ Innovated the manner of street- cleaning by
public areas and sanitary facilities;
¤ C onstruction and regular maintenance of
public fountains, parks and forests, bank areas
and littoral zones, public bathing beach in
Ada Ciganlija and other contents of this recreational resort;
¤D
efining the Water Supply Program (treat-
ment of surface and underground waters and
distribution of drinking water) and regulation
of precipitation and wastewaters; production
and delivery of heating.
PUBLIC UTILITY
“WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM”
¤ In 2006, they produced 95.86% of water in
34
relation to the adopted production plan. June
29, 2006 had the greatest production of drinking water- 7, 946 l/ sec;
¤ In 2006, there were 12.65% more interven-
tions on the mains of waterworks compared
to 2005;
¤ In 2006, they reconstructed and installed 30,
927 meters of mains of waterworks;
¤ T he Utility built in 1,723 pieces of new metal
frameworks, 22 pieces of pressure regulators,
128 hydrants;
¤ T he Utility had 78 planned rinsing of the waterworks mains and 554 extraordinary ones.
Works performed on the Sewerage System
No
Type of
intervention
Total interventions
in 2006
1
Sewers
134, 075 pcs
2
Sewerage
connections
93, 689 pcs
3
Collectors
11, 380 m3
4
Waterworks mains
362, 382 m
introducing vacuum cleaners attached to the
garbage truck
¤ founded ecological patrols
¤ founded the first yard for recycling
¤ introduced new technologies for sweeping
¤ introduced primary classification of the communal garbage
¤ introduced drives for take- away of bulky
waste
¤ c leaned flooded areas
¤ e xpanded their activities to the settlements
in the outskirts of Belgrade- suburban settlements
Raw Materials and Recycling
In the “Waste” section of their Utility, within the
first adopted plan,, they have managed to collect:
Used paper
Scrap sheet metal
Scrap iron
Secondary scrap metal
Scrap non- ferrous metals
PET bottles
3, 114 t
2, 180 t
179 t
30 t
136 t
297 t
PUBLIC UTILITY FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF GREEN AREAS BASIC ACTIVITIES
The Program of Maintenance
of public green areas has encompassed the following:
¤ p lanting of
2,984 trees (deciduous and coniferous) on
the public green areas of the
city and 1, 740 nursery plants
in tree lines;
¤ p lanting of approximately
2,000 various trees and
bushes on the green areas,
around schools, day care
centers, kindergartens and
schools. It was done in cooperation with community
representatives;
¤ from the green areas, the
Utility has felled down and
removed 908 trees that had
been infested, rotten, dry or
otherwise dangerous. The
same was done with 1,111
trees in tree lines;
¤ d ry branches were cut and
removed in 5,117 trees on
the public green areas. In
6,689 trees the treetops were
supported and elevated.
Other aesthetic interventions
were performed on
2,000 trees.
THE BELGRADE ELECTRIC
POWERHOUSE PUBLIC UTILITY
It is the greatest system for
the transmission of thermal
energy in Serbia, having
¤ 2 ,600 MW of installed power
¤ 5 04 km of thermal network
and pipes
¤ 5 ,000 relays
¤ It uses natural gas, heating
oil (fuel oil), extra light oil
(diesel) and coal as sources
of energy;
¤ In 2006, we have suspended
24 local heating stations that
had been using coal and fuel
oil
¤W
e have made
heating attachments for 2,462 residential buildings (1,429,779
m2 or 23,830 apartments) in
2006;
¤ S ince 1980 we have been
performing the control of
wastewaters, emission and
imission with the aim of protection of the environment
PUBLIC UTILITY “SRBIJAŠUME”,
the Beograd Holding
Forest Holding “Beograd”
¤ F orests near Belgrade cover
32,323 hectares. Privatelyowned forests spread on 15,
636 hectares;
¤W
e afforest 400 hectares annually;
¤ B elgrade has 0.025 hectares
of forest per one inhabitant;
¤ E leven recreational forests
have been recovered for
holiday and relaxation of our
population
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
UTILITY
The transportation system in
the city is based on public and
private partnership
¤D
aily, there are 1,600, 000
public drives, about 50% of
all trips in Belgrade
¤ T he network of bus and tram
lines has been constantly
upgrading
¤M
otor pool has been updating regularly; we have 24
new EURO3 busses
¤W
e have suspended 40 outdated busses
¤W
e have initiated a Pilot
project involving the use of
bio- diesel
¤ P romotion of sub- systems
using electricity was 20% in
2006
¤W
e apply environmental-
friendly measures within our
plants: taking care of the
quality of air, wastewaters,
waste handling, noise and
soil pollution.
“BEOGRAD PUT” PUBLIC UTILITY
¤ In 2006, we have made
369,458 t of asphalt road
mass, 10% more than in the
previous year,
¤W
e have renovated 414
streets (total lengthe of
367,61 km);
¤W
e have renovated roads
in 30 city main roadways
(length of 45 km)
¤W
e have paid special atten-
tion in renovating city crossroads within central municipalities and renovated and
maintained underpasses;
¤W
e have stopped landslides
in Rakovica and Avalski put,
Vrbnicka, Cunarska ans Patrijarha Dimitrija streets;
¤N
ew asphalt layer was made
in 72 playgrounds, sports
and school gymnastic fields;
¤W
e have posted 7,380 street
traffic signs;
¤W
e have installed light
signaling and mounted 543
traffic lights posts;
¤W
e have undertaken environmental- friendly measures by protecting the
35
workers from fuel oil impact,
in accordance with current
regulations.
“JEVREMOVAC”
BOTANICAL GARDEN
THE BELGRADE DIRECTORATE
FOR WATERS
¤ It is a huge laboratory in the
¤ A ssignments of the Director-
open, working under the
auspices of the Belgrade
University School of Botany.
It serves as a scientific center
for the whole republic. The
garden is a monument under
36
protection, natural reserve
with class II protection regimen.
ate have been closely connected with the reforms that
have to be carried out within
the defined time- frame.
They will be adapted to the
city economy and demands
of the international community, which essentially
defines general aims of our
community.
¤ In the past two years, the
Directorate realized two major city decisions: Decision
on the Provision of Water
to the City of Belgrade and
Decision on the Installation
of Vessels. The Decision on
Processing and Channeling
of Wastewaters is in the final
stage of adoption.
Foto: N. Čović
ABOUT INSTITUTIONS WHICH PARTICIPATED
REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER
The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)]
The REC Contry Office Serbia is part of REC system country offices in countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region and Turkey.
The REC was established in 1990 and has its head office in Szentendre, Hungary, and country offices in 17 countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Turkey. The REC is a non-partisan, non-advocacy, not-for-profit international organisation with a mission to assist in solving environmental
problems in Central and Eastern Europe. The REC fulfils this mission by promoting cooperation
among non-governmental organisations, governments, businesses and other environmental stakeholders, and by supporting the free exchange of information and public participation in environmental decision making.
Web address of REC Head Office:
http//www.rec.org/
Web address of REC Country Office Serbia:
http://www.recyu.org/
Direktor:
Milan Dacić, tel: +381 11 3292 899
Foto: N. Čović
37
INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADE
INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH: WHAT IT IS, WHAT IT DOES
The Institute has approximately 400 employees: 67 medical doctors of various specialties and a
great number of health care associates with high school education- chemical engineers, chemists,
biologists, environment protection engineers, pharmacists and programmers, who contribute to
professional and scientific approach to the health and environmental protection and promotion.
After a year of preparation, the Institute has accomplished a process of standardization to SRPS/ ISO
9001:2001 and SRPS/ ISO 14001:2004.
Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology
Multidisciplinary teams prepare, make plans and set up programs for monitoring of the environmental media: water, air and soil in urban and rural settlements. Registers, collect and evaluates
data about health risk factors present in the environment, and give recommendations for preventive and mitigation measures. The Center monitors the level of communal noise.
Laboratory for Human Ecology and Ecotoxicology
38
Laboratory for Human Ecology and Ecotoxicology was among the first In Republic of Serbia to be
accredited according to ISO 17025. Laboratory determines a large number of inorganic and organic
compaunds in samples of air, water, soil, sediments and biological material.
IPH laboratory is one of the most advanced in the field of environmental trace analysis. Laboratory
has some of the most sophisticated and advanced instrumentation on the market in accordance
with EN ISO/SRPS 17025. IPH Laboratory carry out sampling and analysis, instrument callibration,
maintenance and international inter-calibrarion.
Center for Eco-toxicology:
Deals with examination of hazardous wastes, determines caracterization and categorization of it,
gives recomendations for handling, and treatment of solid and liquid waste.Performes collecting,
recycling, destroying and final disposal of medical waste form medical and other health institutions.Center has been appointed responsible for the function of Ecotoxicological Center for the city
of Belgrade. Formed Mobile Ecotoxicological Units (MEJ) take active part in prevention, and preperadness to chemical accidents, gives measures for remediation,and sanitation;
INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
of SERBIA “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“
INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH of SERBIA “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“
Institute of Public Health of Serbia „Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut“ is the public health institution which
performs the tasks of common concern and interest in the area of health care in the Republic of
Serbia. The specific areas of health activities covered by the institute are epidemiology, hygiene and human ecology, social medicine, organization of health care and health services, health statistics and
informatics, health educating etc.
The Institute is the professional and methodological, and the scientific and educational institution
for the areas covered by.
As a reference proffessional and methodological institution, the Institute is involved in desingning
the health care policy the strategies, organization and health system devlopment.
The Institute coordinates and participates in the implementation of the special health care programmers in the population, which are brought by the government of Serbia.
It also coordinates activities and devlopment of the network of 23 regional public-health Institutes
of Serbia.
Apart form other activities, the Institute is a teaching base for certain subjects at the Schools of
Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Pharmacy of the University of Belgrade, Novi Sad, Nis and Kragujevac.
The Institute has about 250 emploeeys: health workers and health co-workers, and workers of
various other profiles. Out of them, 132 have university-level education among which there are 61
specialist in preventive medicine, stomatology, pharmacy, and 40 are university-level co-workers.
39
Clinical Center of Serbia
Institute of Occupational
and Radiological Health
“Dr. Dragomir Karajović” Deligradska 29, Belgrade
Serbia
Tel: +381 11 2685 485
Fax: + 381 11 2643 675
WHO Collaborating Center
Institute of Occupational Health in Belgrade is the national institute of Serbia. It has been founded
in 1953 by Serbian Ministry of Health. Today, it is a part of the Clinical Center of Serbia, and WHO
Collaborating Center in Occupational Health.
Main tasks
¤ R eference institution for occupational health care of working population
¤D
octrinaire and methodological activities in the field of occupational health
¤ Occupational
medical care and introduction of new methods in diagnostic, therapy and rehabilitation in the field of occupational diseases and work-related diseases
¤ P rotection from ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in health care workers
¤ S cientific and research projects
¤ E ducation and training in occupational health and related fields
Organization
The main departments of the Institute are as follows:
40
I Center for Occupational Diseases and Toxicology
II Center for Occupational Health
III Center for assessment of fitness for work
IV Center for Occupational Health Development and International Relations
V Center for Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
Employees
The total number of personnel is 149, out of which there is: 38 physicians, 21 graduates (technologists, physicists, engineers, biochemists, pharmacologists, etc.), 56 nurses, among others.
Out of the total number of employees: 56 are specialists, 6 subspecialists ,12 with Ph.D.and
12 with MSc degrees.
International collaboration
The Institute has contributed to the international field by:
¤ B eing one of the WHO collaborating center in occupational health
¤O
rganizing eight international courses in toxicology for developing countries sponsored by WHO,
Yugoslav and the Netherlands governments
¤ E xperts from the Institute participated in the development of occupational health and specific
toxicological laboratories in India, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Greece and other countries worldwide
¤ P erforming the collaboration with the Russian Federation, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Czech Re-
public, Poland and other countries through scientific visits, joint projects, participation at international congresses and symposia, exchange of scientific literature and other.
Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia
Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia is a governmental institution which has been performing for more than half a century activities related to protection and improvement of the Serbian
natural heritage. On the basis of research results and evaluation of the natural resources of a certain
region, status and level of the ecosystem endangerment, the Institutes experts propose protection,
i.e. type, category, measures and level of protection for natural properties. The Institute performs
activities related to protection and improvement of the nature of Serbia: protection of natural assets, protection procedure activation by developing of scientific-expert studies, expert surveillance,
monitoring, conservation of biological and geological diversity, participation in developing of
regional plans and technical documentation concerning asses of environmental impact; also education, presentation and publishing activity. Results of the activities are the studies, which are used
as a basis in applying any natural asset for protection. The seat of the Institute is in Belgrade and
Work Units in Novi Sad and Niš, while the Priština Work Unit is currently not operating. The Institute
performs its activities through the Nature Protection Sector, Research-Development Sector and
General Administrative Sector.
The Institute intensively cooperates with numerous scientific and expert, governmental and
non-governmental organizations in the country and abroad. It is member of several international
organizations for nature protection: IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), EUROPARC (Federation of Nature and National Parks of Europe), ProGEO (European Association for the
Conservation of the Geological Heritage), and ECNC (European Centre for Nature Conservation).
As result of work for protection and improvement of the Serbian natural heritage, in Serbia, at
present, 6.14% of its teritorry is under statutory protection. The Institutes proposals enabled so far
protection of 1119 natural assets.
Foto: N. Čović
41
42
Foto: N. Čović
43
44
Foto: N. Čović
Korice - Environment in the city of BGD - unutra
CMYK
ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0
CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE
SECRETARIT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
27. marta 43-45, Beograd
Tel: (011) 32-26-106
Faks: (011) 32-22-681
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.eko.bg.gov.yu
CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE
SECRETARIT
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
NSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADE
Despota Stefana 54a, Beograd
Tel: (011) 207-86-37
Faks: (011) 322-78-28
Web: www.zdravlje.org.yu
www.beoeko.com
БЕОГРАД
ЧИСТ НАЧИСТО !
Regional Environmental Center
for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)
Primorska 31 (entrance from Preradovićeva st.)
11000 Beograd, Srbija
Tel: (011) 32-92-899; 32-92-595; 3293-010; 32-93-011
Faks: (011) 32-93-020
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.recyu.org
NSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
of BELGRADE
CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији
Народна библиотека Србије
502.175(497.11)”2001/2006”(036)
ENVIRONMENT in the city of Belgrade / [authors Snežana Matić-Besarabić
...[et al.] ; editorial board Marija Grubačević, Snežana Matić-Besarabić ;
translater Vesna Dražilović-Dadić]. - Belgrade : The Regional Environmental
Center for Central and Eastern Europe, Country Office Serbia : Institute of
Public Health : Secretariat for Environmental Protection, 2007 (Belgrade :
Standard 2). - 42 str. : ilustr. ; 30 cm
Izv. stv. nasl.: Kvalitet životne sredine grada Beograda; odlomci. - Podaci o
autorima preuzeti iz kolofona. Tiraž 1.000. - Str. 4: A Word from the Secretariat for Environmental Protection / Branislav Božović
ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0 (REC)
1. Matić-Besarabić, Snežana
a) Животна средина - Контрола - Београд - 2001-2006 - Водич
COBISS.SR-ID 143744012
Korice - Environment in the city of BGD - spolja
CMYK
ENVIRONMENT
in the City of BELGRADE
CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADE
SECRETARIT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
of BELGRADE