DynaPeaQ® SVC Light® with Energy Storage

FacTs
DynaPeaQ®
SVC Light® with Energy Storage
Dynamic energy storage:
Our solution
DynaPeaQ® provides a new dimension in developing
smart grids. It allows a significant increase in renewable
generation, maximizing C02-free generation. It provides
cost-effective, environmentally attractive, and high
quality services for existing networks.
Storing energy
The Energy Storage can receive and store power from wind
turbines and surplus power from the grid. It can take the
power delivered on a sunny day from photo-voltaic panels
and put it into its high capacity battery bank.
Supplying energy when needed
When the wind calms or the sun sets, or is hidden behind
clouds, or whenever a peak in power consumption occurs,
the Energy Storage will inject the power needed.
Reactive and active power
Using modern electronics, DynaPeaQ feeds the grid with
exactly the right amount of reactive and active power needed
at each instant, independently of one another, and with a
minimum of bulky filter arrangements.
Active filtering
DynaPeaQ also performs active filtering when needed.
Based on proven technology
The system is based on SVC Light, combined with Li-ion battery storage. SVC Light is ABB’s STATCOM concept, utilizing
Voltage Source Converters (VSC) connected in shunt to the
grid at the transmission level, as well as at the sub-transmission and distribution levels. State-of-the-art IGBTs (Insulated
Gate Bipolar Transistors) are utilized as switching devices.
Up to 50 MW for 60 minutes
The Energy Storage’s ability to store energy is highly scalable.
At present, rated power and capacity are typically in the
20 MW range for tens of minutes, but the technology
permits up to 50 MW for periods of 60 minutes and more.
ABB has targeted industrial, distribution and transmission level
energy storage applications. The focus is particularly on applications that require the combined use of continuous reactive
power control and short-time active power.
Operational safety
The battery storage system and its auxiliary systems are
equipped with supervisory functions. The battery type has
been chosen with the highest possible safety in mind. Should
malfunctions occur nonetheless, a package of protective
functions is activated. As an additional safety measure,
each battery cell has separate passive protection.
Smart Grid
A Smart Grid is a system that opens doors to a variety
of energy sources in contributing to a grid’s capacity. A
system is created that can encourage consumers to also
become producers and invest in renewable generation,
storage and energy efficiency. A Smart Grid can combine
this with large-scale energy storage for balancing intermittent renewable generation and effective transmission.
Smart Grid and DynaPeaQ
DynaPeaQ is a key component in realizing the Smart Grid
concept. Many concerns about renew­a bles, such as wind
power and solar energy, are removed with Energy Storage.
2 DynaPeaQ
As the Energy Storage can level out intermittent production
and support demand response, its functionality is indispens­
able in a Smart Grid.
Environmental concerns
Environmental concerns are increasing around the globe,
driving the development of renewable energy on a larger
scale than ever before. A system that can handle a generation mix with a high percentage of renewables, such as wind
and solar energy, will become a necessity in achieving their
full potential. Energy Storage will play a vital role in this field.
ABB – your supplier of complete solutions!
ABB has invested years of effort in developing the DynaPeaQ
concept and it is meticulously concei­ved, designed and tested
from beginning to end. With ABB, you can be sure that you will
be obtaining a complete system that is:
– Fully integrated.
–Supplied with full performance responsibility that encompasses all component parts.
–Based on industry-leading, proven FACTS technology
and ABB quality.
– Fully system tested, at the plant as well as in the field.
With DynaPeaQ, you are not dependant on several suppliers
of sub-systems.
DynaPeaQ
Dynamic energy storage, combining the high performance of SVC Light
with the latest battery technology. It offers instant active power supply
along with continuous control of reactive power
A vital component of the Smart Grid concept
Can be used to level out power fluctuations from wind and solar farms
Safeguards grid stability and power quality with high utilization
of renewable generation
A provider of ancillary services
Power quality control in conjunction with railroad electrification
Peak load support and power quality control for heavy industrial plants
You only need one – ABB.
Artist’s conception of a DynaPeaQ installation, 130 kV,
± 30 Mvar continuously and 30 MW for 15 minutes,
footprint 50x60 m.
DynaPeaQ 3
Energy Storage
Application examples
Grid connection of renewables
Wind and solar farms are typically connected at a grid’s more
remote extremities. Voltage control, grid stability and frequency
regulation are areas in which Energy Storage provides support
to the grid as well as to wind and solar farms.
Load support
Energy Storage can release stored energy into a load during
peak periods and charge surplus energy when demand is low.
This is useful in industrial applications, for instance, when
there is enough energy available for the load, but occasionally, not enough power. In this situation, the Energy Storage
can eliminate the need to reinforce the feeder to a plant and
also provide less time-consuming solutions.
Black start support
As the penetration of renewable generation increases, and
which is probably in some cases speeding the retirement of
old thermal generation, the need for new black start equipment in grids is evident. Energy Storage can support generators that lack inherent black start capability. Energy Storage
can supply the power needed for safely controlled black
starts. It keeps the frequency within range and controls the
voltage throughout start-up.
Intermittent railroad loads
Accelerating a heavy train can expose the grid to a peak load
that traditionally necessitated extensive investments in capa­
city expansion. With Energy Storage, the required acceleration power is taken from the train’s most recent deceleration.
Reserve capacity
Energy Storage can reduce the amount of on-line generators.
It can provide the grid with the reserve capacity that is normally subject to limitations on power plant utilization. Energy
Storage serves as a dynamic power source.
Power quality
Power quality issues such as voltage fluctuations, harmonics
and unbalance between phases are addressed by Energy
Storage.
It supports the grid continuously with reactive power, and in
the event of loss of generation, Energy Storage pushes active
power into the grid until the grid is reconfigured, typically
with­in 20 minutes. The environmental and economical aspects
of this can be of major significance.
Active filtering for maintaining power quality
Many modern industrial processes are by nature, detrimental
to power quality. At the same time, with grid codes becoming part of most grid owners’ and operators’ toolboxes,
power quality must now be taken even more seriously.
Area regulation service
Ancillary services are provided by competitive generators.
Frequency regulation service is often provided by generators
dispatched below their maximum output level. The price is
set by the cost of the most expensive generator.
The high switching frequency used in the IGBT-based SVC
Light concept results in an inherent capability to produce
voltages at frequencies well above the fundamental frequency.
This property can be used for active filtering of harmonics
that are already present in the grid. DynaPeaQ then injects
harmonic currents into the grid with proper phase and amplitude to counteract the harmonic voltages.
An Energy Storage installation providing continuous grid support, such as for voltage control, supplies short-time real
power at the lowest cost, thus making it the most attractive
supplier.
Emergency power
In the event of a blackout, sensitive loads such as hospitals
or distribution areas, can be fed by an Energy Storage installation until emergency generators are started.
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1
2
3
4
1 Solar panels | 2 Railway | 3 Hospital | 4 Wind power
DynaPeaQ 5
DynaPeaQ
Main system components
3
4
8
7
1
6
2
10
5
9
1. VSC | 2. DC capacitors | 3. Energy storage | 4. Battery system
5. Phase reactors | 6. AC high voltage equipment | 7. Control and protection system
8. Auxiliary power equipment | 9. Power transformer | 10. Heat exchangers
6 DynaPeaQ
MACH 2 control & protection system
SVC Light valve
StakPak™ press-pak IGBT
The DynaPeaQ control system is based on the ABB
MACH 2 concept, which is a system made up of both
hardware and software specifically developed for power
applica­tions. It is built around an industrial PC with addin boards and I/O racks connected through standard
field buses.
State-of-the-art computers
ABB MACH 2 uses state-of-the art computers, micro-controllers and digital signal processors, as well as high performance
industrial standard buses and fiber optic communication links.
VSC
The VSC is made up of IGBTs and power diodes. To handle the
required voltage, the power semi-conductors are connected in
A control system without limits
To operate the Energy Storage plants as efficiently and flexibly series. Water cooling is utilized for the VSC, resulting in a compact design and high current handling capability.
as possible, a powerful, flexible and reliable control and protection system is essential. With the control system ABB
IGBT
MACH 2, we can fully exploit the capabilities offered by our
Each ABB StakPak IGBT and diode component is enclosed
modern IGBT converter. With this control system, we can
in a modular housing comprising a number of sub-modules,
inte­g rate all the advanced control and protection functions
each containing a number of semiconductor chips. To provide
we need.
mechanically robust series connection, each sub-module is
equipped with a system of spring assemblies for each indivi­
dual chip.
DynaPeaQ 7
Energy Storage
Battery system
High power Li-ion battery module, 220V.
Since SVC Light is designed for high power applications
and series connected IGBTs are used to adapt the voltage level, the pole-to-pole voltage is high. A number of
battery modules are therefore connected in series to build
up the required voltage level in a battery string. To obtain
higher power and energy, a number of parallel battery
strings may be added. This produces a system with builtin scalability.
The Li-ion battery technology selected for Energy Storage benefits
from a number of useful features
High energy density
Rack-mounted battery modules
The battery system is based on rack-mounted Li-ion modules.
The units consist of series-connected battery modules containing a number of battery cells. Each module is mounted in
a plastic casing which is screened using conducting paint.
Reassuring lifetime
The proven calendar lifetime of the Li-ion cells is 20 years
with 3000 cycles at a depth of discharge of 80 % or 1 million
cycles at a depth of discharge of 3 %. An array of rackmounted battery modules provides the necessary rated DC
voltage as well as storage capacity for each given case.
Very short response time
High power capability both in charge and discharge
Excellent cycling capability
Strongly evolving technology
High round-trip efficiency
High charge retention
Maintenance-free design
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Operational safety
The battery storage system and its auxiliary systems are
equipped with supervisory functions. The battery type has
been chosen with the highest possible safety in mind. Should
malfunctions occur nonetheless, a package of protective functions is activated. As an additional safety measure, each battery cell has separate passive protection.
DynaPeaQ
Basic mechanisms
Power
Load
G
Ed
VSC
Discharge
Power (P d )
Charge
Power (P c )
Ec
Discharge
Time (T d )
Time
Charge Time (T c)
DynaPeaQ is connected to the grid through a phase reactor. Having both capacitors and batteries, it can control both
reactive power (Q), as an ordinary SVC Light, and active
power (P) by means of the batteries. The grid voltage and the
VSC current set the apparent power of the VSC, whereas the
energy storage requirements determine the battery size. As
a consequence, the peak active power of the battery may be
much smaller than the apparent power of the VSC, such as
10 MW battery power for an
SVC Light of 30 MVA.
approximately the same amount of energy must be absorbed
from the grid by the battery. When charging the battery with
power Pc, the charging time becomes equal to Tc so that
Ed=E c=PcTc. For a certain period of time, the battery is in
an idle state before the cycle is repeated.
The size of battery energy storage depends on the application. However, a simple assumption is that a certain active
power Pd is injected into the grid during the load time Td,
thus discharging the battery. The total energy Ed injected into
the grid becomes equal to PdT d . To recharge the battery,
To support the grid during contingencies, it is enough to have
the necessary amount of power available during a relatively
short time. An energy storage system can then provide the
necessary surplus of active power and later be recharged
from the grid during normal conditions.
Flexibility
Charging and discharging sequences are fully flexible to the
extent that, according to need, high power can be charged/
discharged for a short time, or low power for a longer time.
Phase shift and voltage are the control parameters
By means of a VSC, SVC Light is capable of controlling
active as well as reactive power independently of one
another and with a high dynamic res­p onse. The basic
mechanism can be explained as follows:
With the grid voltage and the VSC voltage denoted U1 and
U2 respectively, the output of the VSC can be displayed
as follows:
Active
Inverter
Rectifier
Power
Q>0
U2
P>0
Load
G
U1
Q
Reactive
Power
Q>0
P<0
Generation
Absorption
U1
Q<0
Q<0
P>0
P<0
P
U2
VSC
It can be seen that by choosing zero phase shift between the grid voltage and the VSC voltage, the VSC will act as a purely active element. It is
further seen that if U2 > U1 , the VSC will act as a generator of reactive power (Q>0), i.e. it will have a capacitive character. If U2 < U 1 , the VSC will act
as an absorber of reactive power (Q<0), i.e. it will have an inductive character. Similarly it can be seen that by choosing a non-zero phase shift, there
will also be a flow of active power, which can be controlled in either direction (P>0 or P<0).
DynaPeaQ 9
FACTS and SVC Light
FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) is a term
denoting an entire family of devices for improved use and
flexibility of power systems.
Energy Storage is a member of the ABB FACTS family.
Other family members are:
•SVC (Static Var Compensator)
• SVC Light
• Series Capacitor
• TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor)
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SVC Light is in itself a highly useful, well-proven concept. SVC
Light is in operation at a number of locations around the world
and more systems are being installed.
Application areas include:
•Improvement of dynamic stability and capacity in power
transmission
•Dynamic voltage control of transmission and
sub-trans­mission grids
•Improvement of power quality in sub-transmission
and distribution grids
• Compliance with grid codes in grids feeding railroads
•Compliance with grid codes in grids receiving and
transmitting wind power
• Dynamic power quality control
• Mitigation of flicker emanating from large steel plants.
ABB has more than 10 years of experience with SVC Light
for high power applications.
DynaPeaQ 11
ABB AB
Facts
SE-721 64 Västerås, Sweden
Phone: +46 21 32 50 00
Fax: +46 21 32 48 10
www.abb.com/FACTS
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