PRESENTATION: High density orchard and root restriction in avocado

PRESENTATION: High density orchard and root restriction in avocado

Leo Winer
Poor Light in Avocado Orchards
• Inefficient
maintanance
procedure
• Pest and disease
infestation
• Low production
‫תשס"ח‬/‫שבט‬/'‫ד‬
Variable volume
Fixed volume
20 m3/ha
1 pulse
40 m3/ha
2 pulses
60 m3/ha
3 pulses
Conventional orchards
Spacement
Number of trees
per hectar
Variety
5m x 3m
660
Reed, Wortz
6m x 3m
556
Ettinger, Pinkerton
6m x 4m
416
Ettinger, Haas
6m x 5m
333
Hass, Fuerta
357
Ettinger, Haas,
Fuerta, Ardit, Arad,
Galil
7m x 4m
Avocado dense
plantations
Maagan Michael – December 2003
Plantation date: July, 2002
5 m X 2.5 m = 800 trees/ha
2m
2.5 m
225 cm
Maagan Michael – 23 months after
plantation
Plantation date: July, 2002
5 m X 2.5 m = 800 trees/ha
Fixed root volume –
restriction with
plastic
Fertilizer injection and root restriction
• Efficient use, cost savings.
Water
Air
N
KN
K
N K
N
K
N
N
N
Water
Air
Restricted roots
20
c
20
20 c
m
m
cm
Irrigation control on base of
vegetal parameters
30
TZ3
TZ4
TZ4+
VPD Max
mMm
m xx 00.01
.0 1
25
20
15
10
5
0
11/3 25/3 8/4 22/4 6/5 20/5 3/6 17/6 1/7 15/7 29/7
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
V P D M a x (k P a )
Maximum daily trunk contraction and root restriction in a
dense avocado plantation
Maagan Michael 2003
Calculated yield by the number of fruitles on 7 of July 2004
[Number of fruitlets] x [0.22 Kg/fruit]
Maagan Michael - 800 trees/ha
(Two years after plantation)
4000
3252
Kg/ha
Kg/ha(x10)
(x10)
3500
3000
2894
2809
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
TZ3
TZ4
TZ4+
Root restriction and number of drip lines in dense
avocado plantation - Maagan Michael 2005/6
Tree and half years after plantation
3000
2419
1894
1646
1370
TZ4+
TZ4
TZ3
1523
2500
2000
1500
1000
371
423
500
276
0
Total
L.M.
Export
Kg/ha (x10)
1996
75 cm
15 cm
Magal
1250 trees/ha = 28 drips/tree
1670 trees/ha = 20 drips/tree
2.0
1250 trees/ha
4m
1.5
1670 trees/ha
The concept is that is necessary to restrict root volume in addition
to restriction of the canopy to have a better control of the final size
of the tree
Avocado yield in restricted root dense avocado
plantation with 1250 trees/ha and 1670 trees/ha
planted on July 2003 - Magal 2005/6
2000
1800
1661
1747
1600
1372 1405
125
167
(Kgx10)/ha
1400
1200
1000
800
600
251 307
400
200
0
Total
L.M.
Export
1. Early and high production
2. Better control of the vegetation and trees with 2.5m
height
3. Effective irrigation and fertilization
4. Effective ‘washing’ of salts from the soil
5. Effective harvest
6. Increase in the yield per m3 of water
In summary:
There is a tendency to expand
the densed platations in Israel
It is still early for a final
conclusion about the effect of
the root restruction
Thank you for your attention
Leo Winer
The avocado industry in Israel – economic data
Assumptions:
Water price:
0.15 $/m3
Fruit price at the entrance of the farm: 500 $/ton
Dense
plantation
Standard
plantation
800-1,200
400
Number of trees
(Trees/ha)
16,000
6,000
Investment ($/ha)
5,500
5,500
Production costs in an adult
plantation ($/ha)
30
20
Mean yield
(Ton/ha)
15,000
10,000
Profit at the entrance of the
farm ($/ha)
9,500
4,500
Profit b ($/ha)
6-7
9
Brake even point (balance)