Lab 3 – Orders of the World

Lab 3 – Orders of the World
This week’s lab: an appreciation for orders found outside Wyoming.
Need to know:
Terms: suture, rostrum, diastema
Monotremata (skull, natural history)
Dasyuromorphia (skull, natural history)
Diprotodontida (skull, natural history)
Cingulata (skull, skin, natural history)
Pilosa (skull, skin, natural history)
Pholidota (skin, natural history)
Primates (skull, skin, natural history)
Hyracoidea (skull, natural history)
Tubulidentata (skull, natural history)
Cetacea/Odontoceti/Mysticeti (skull, baleen, natural history)
Just for kicks: bandicoot skull, manatee skull
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Subclass Prototheria, Order Monotremata—monotremes
-­-­ duck-­billed platypus (1 species)
-­-­ echidnas (4 species)
platypus
short-­beaked echidna
long-­beaked echidna
2
Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Order Monotremata—monotremes
-­-­ no teeth
-­-­ no cranial sutures in adults
-­-­ beak-­like rostrum
3
Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Subclass Theria, Infraclass Metatheria Orders Dasyuromorphia, Diprotodontia, Peramelina
rabbit-­eared bandicoot
red-­necked wallaby
Tasmanian wolf
4
Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Order Dasyuromorphia
-­-­ typically I4/i3, except numbat
-­-­ convergent with carnivores
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Order Diprotodontia (kangaroos and wallabies)
-­-­ diastema
-­-­ lower incisors directed toward anterior, upper incisors sharp (adaptations for cropping plants)
-­-­ long, narrow rostrum typical
6
Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Subclass Theria, Infraclass Eutheria Orders Cingulata, Pilosa, Pholidota
ground pangolin
nine-­banded armadillo
three-­toed sloth
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Order Cingulata (armadillos)
-­-­ homodont dentition
-­-­ no incisors or canines
Order Pilosa (anteaters and sloths)
-­-­ teeth reduced or altogether absent
-­-­ zygomatic arch incomplete
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Subclass Theria, Infraclass Eutheria
Order Primates
Phillipine tarsier
eastern gorilla
vervet monkey
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Order Primates (apes, monkeys, tarsiers, prosimians)
-­-­ orbits rotated forward
-­-­ large braincase
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Subclass Theria, Infraclass Eutheria
Orders Tubulidentata, Hyracoidea, Sirenia
West Indian manatee
aardvark
rock hyrax
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Order Tubulidentata (aardvarks)
-­-­ elongated rostrum
-­-­ no incisors or canines
-­-­ cheek teeth comprised of dentine prisms
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Order Hyracoidea (hyraxes)
-­-­ single pair of tusk-­like upper incisors
-­-­ diastema
-­-­ lophodont molars
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Subclass Theria, Infraclass Eutheria
Order Cetacea
Suborders Odontoceti, Mysticeti
bowhead whale
Dall’s porpoise
Amazon river dolphin
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Lab 2 – Orders of the World
Suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales)
-­-­ homodont dentition
-­-­ nares located dorsally
Suborder Mysticeti (baleen whales)
-­-­ teeth absent in adults, replaced
by baleen
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