The Orchid Society of Great Britain

Transcription

VOLUME 61 No 4 November - December 2012 - January 2013
Orchid
Journal
Society of Great Britain
The Orchid Society of Great Britain
Registered Charity No. 261273
Officers of the Society
#President: Dr Henry Oakeley
77 Copers Cope Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 1NR
Tel: 020 8658 0358
e-mail: [email protected]
Vice Presidents: Mrs B Arnold, Mrs J Kelleher,
Mr T Lewis, Dr E Watson
#Chairman: Mr Roy White
30 Acorn Grove, Ruislip Gardens, Middlesex, HA4 6LP
Tel: 01895 632689 Mobile: 07980 630235
#Secretary: Mrs Val Micklewright
103 North Road, Three Bridges, Crawley,
West Sussex, RH10 1SQ
Tel: 01293 528615
#Treasurer: Mrs Sally Mill
82 Hazelwick Road, Three Bridges,
West Sussex, RH10 1NH
Tel: 01293 547896
#Membership Secretary: Mrs Sue Johnson
Le Touquet, Station Road, Elsenham,
Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire, CM22 6LG
Tel: 01279 812704
#Displays Manager: Miss Jeanette Beaney
50 Court Road, Orpington, Kent, BR6 0QA
Tel: 01689 826631 Mobile: 07517 006387
Advertising Secretary: Mrs Kim Solomon
31 Burghley House, Somerset Road, Wimbledon,
London, SW19 5JB
Tel: 020 8946 4410 Mobile: 07717 222403
Chair Judging: Mrs Dusha Hayes
62 Link Lane, Wallington, Surrey, SM6 9DZ
Tel: 020 8647 8496
*Programme Secretary:
Mr Francis J Quesada-Pallares
50 Fir Tree Gardens, Shirley, Croydon, Surrey, CR0 8JQ
Tel: 020 8777 2904
Sponsorship Secretary and Press Officer:
Miss Mary-Jane Hawkins
Mobile: 07713 474489
254 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
www.osgb.org.uk
Committee Members
Mrs Betty Barber
8 Dean Close, Deeds Grove, High Wycombe,
Buckinghamshire, HP12 3NS
Tel: 01494 529604
Mr Marc Harris
7 Bandon Rise, Wallington, Surrey, SM6 8PT
Tel: 020 8647 7434
Mr Peter Johnson
Le Touquet, Station Road, Elsenham,
Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire, CM22 6LG
Tel: 01279 812704
Mr Robert Mundell
5 Elm Grove, Wivenhoe, Essex, CO7 9AY
Tel: 01206 823777
Mrs Diana Neophytou
Downland, 25 Blenheim Road, London SW20 9BA
Tel: 020 8542 4335
#Trustee of the Society
*Delegate to the British Orchid Council
The Journal (ISSN 0306-2996)
*Editor and Librarian: Lady Samantha Hurley
17 Veronica Road, London, SW17 8QL
Tel: 020 8673 7751 Mobile: 07900 250247
Layout and typesetting: Smallfish Designs Ltd
Printed by: Impress Print Services Ltd
The Journal is printed on paper
with a certified Chain of Custody
for wood fibre. At least 70% of
the fibre originates from certified
sustainably managed forests.
Editor’s notes
Contents
Henry Oakeley will be
standing down at the
end of the year after
12 years as President
of the Society. His
contribution to the
Society as a whole and
to the depth and
quality of the Journal,
over the years has been extraordinary. This
issue’s cover photographs are a salute to his
talents as explorer, author, photographer,
grower, exhibitor and teacher.
Officers of the Society .................................................... 254
Editor’s notes ..................................................................... 255
News:
Book now for Christmas lunch ............................... 256
Chiltern Orchid Society closes ............................... 256
Orchid surgeries .......................................................... 256
Visit to Burnham Nurseries ...................................... 256
New dates for London Orchid Show .....................257
Pay by Standing Order .............................................. 257
OSGB Spring Show ..................................................... 257
Photographic Competition on 1 December ..... 257
Final letter from the President, Henry Oakeley ..... 258
Lizard Sandwich, anyone? by André Roux .............. 268
Book reviews:
A to Z of South East Asian Orchid Species
Volume 2 by Peter O’Byrne ...................................... 271
On the various contrivances by which British and
foreign orchids are fertilised by insects
by Charles Darwin ...................................................... 272
Obituary – Kenneth Chippendale .............................. 273
Post-WOC tour to eastern Thailand
by Peter Williams ......................................................... 274
Phalaenopsis schilleriana: an orchid gem
by Jim Cootes and George Tiong .......................... 280
Philippine orchids – Part II by Gwyneth Ressich .. 284
New members’ seminar by Maria Merry .................. 289
Peterborough International Orchid Show
by Val Micklewright .................................................... 290
How useful is coconut husk? by Ray Creek ............. 292
Napier Hall meetings:
July and September reports
by Mary-Jane Hawkins .............................................. 296
August report by Sam Hurley ................................. 298
Table show report by André Roux ........................ 307
Note from the Treasurer ................................................. 314
The RHS Orchid Committee awards .......................... 315
Advertisements ................................................................ 322
Index to Volume 61 ......................................................... 329
Services to members:
Meetings, cultural advice, website,
library, displays ............................................................ 334
Show Diary ......................................................................... 335
This issue has a distinctly eastern flavour. We
welcome articles from Peter Williams about his
post-WOC tour to Thailand; Jim Cootes and
George Tiong about Phalaenopsis schilleriana;
along with the second part of Gwyneth
Ressich’s article about orchids of the Philippines.
André Roux brings us home with an article
about the Lizard Orchids of Sandwich Bay; Val
Micklewright reports on a watery Peterborough
show; and new member Maria Merry writes
about attending the Introductory Seminar in
August.
My apologies for an error in the last issue (p214).
The painting of Masdevallia Richard Tongue by
Janet Orme was commissioned by Richard’s
widow, Susan; not Ellis Eyre as incorrectly stated.
I am extremely grateful to Alan Solomon who
has been helping to proof-read the Journal since
the last issue.
The copy deadline for the next issue is
10 December 2012.
Photos by Henry Oakeley unless otherwise stated
Front Cover: Henry Oakeley’s Anguloa Rolfei
‘Thenford’ AM/RHS (Photo by David Ridgeway)
Back Cover: Henry Oakeley exploring near Muna,
Peru in 2003 (Photo by Saul Ruiz)
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 255
News
Sam Hurley
Visit to Burnham Nurseries
The OSGB is co-ordinating a visit to Burnham
Nurseries in Devon on Saturday 24 November
2012. This is by kind invitation of Sara
Rittershausen who has offered to provide
lunch in Burnham’s excellent coffee shop as
well as entry to their beautiful display house,
Orchid Paradise, free for OSGB visitors.
Book now for Christmas lunch
The Committee will again be providing a
buffet Christmas lunch this year, at the
meeting on 1 December at Napier Hall. The
cost will be £2.50 per person, to include a
glass of wine. Places must be booked in
advance. To book, please contact Betty
Barber, tel: 01494 529604, e-mail:
[email protected]
Chiltern Orchid Society closes
We are sorry to hear that the Chiltern OS is
closing down. Founder and chairman Lydia
Cobb writes to tell us of the difficulties of
finding new people to take over – a familiar
story unfortunately. We would like to offer a
warm welcome to members of the society
who have joined, or are considering joining,
the OSGB.
Orchid surgeries
The introductory sessions at Napier Hall
are altering to become general orchid
surgeries. Please bring your queries or
problem plants to the surgery and our
more knowledgeable members will offer
help and guidance.
256 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Members around the country will need to
make their own arrangements/bookings for
travel. However, a group will be travelling
from London Paddington to Newton Abbot
station and members may join this group if
they wish. Taxi/minibus transfer between
Newton Abbot station and Burnham
Nurseries (two miles) will be paid
for/refunded by the OSGB.
Please note: it is much cheaper to buy two
singles than a return ticket
www.thetrainline.com
Dep: 9:06 London Paddington
Arr: 11:38 Newton Abbot
(£17.00)
Dep: 17:40 Newton Abbot
Arr: 20.37 London Paddington (£12.50)
(Prices correct at time of going to press, for
single tickets bought in advance without a
railcard)
Members must contact Francis QuesadaPallares by 17 November to confirm their place
for lunch and/or transport to/from Newton
Abbot station, tel: 07951 070 637, e-mail:
[email protected]
News
New dates for London Orchid
Show
The RHS London Orchid and Botanical Art
Show will take place in April next year
(moved from March). Preview evening 11 April
(£12), Show 12–13 April (RHS members £5,
non-members £8). Tickets now available,
tel: 0845 612 1253, website:
www.rhs.org.uk/londonshows
Pay by Standing Order
Please would members consider setting
up a Standing Order to pay their annual
subscription using the form included with
this issue (if they do not already do so).
This method greatly reduces the
increasing fees incurred by the Society for
credit and debit card payments. Please see
page 314 for full details.
OSGB Spring Show
This will be held at RHS Garden Wisley on
Saturday 16 March 2013. This will coincide
with the Wisley Orchid Event which is well
worth a visit. Please contact Val Pugh with
queries; tel: 01403 251176, e-mail:
[email protected]
Photographic Competition
on 1 December
The Photographic and Art Competition has a
new class and a new rule. Members may also
now win more than one prize in any class.
See the Annual Supplement for full details of
classes and rules.
Class 5: Photographs of an orchid exhibit
showing orchids displayed at a show, nursery
or botanic garden. Prints greater than 7 x 5
inches (17.8 x 12.7cm).
Judith Hoggarth’s photograph of a Miltoniopsis hybrid,
winner of the 2011 OSGB photographic competition
Rule vi: Photographs may be submitted to
the competition, at least two weeks in
advance, by members who are unable to
attend the December meeting. Prints should
be sent to the Secretary and can only be
returned if accompanied by a stamped,
addressed envelope. (Prints only, digital
images cannot be printed by the Society).
The winners of classes 1–5 will be submitted
as the Society’s entries to the British Orchid
Council’s online photographic competition.
Please would the winners of these classes
supply digital images of their winning
photographs to Sam Hurley after the
competition, [email protected]
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 257
Final letter from the President
Henry Oakeley
Au revoir
I became President of the OSGB in the
closing months of the last millennium and
wrote my first ‘President’s Letter’ in 2000 in
Volume 49(3) through the kindness of our
then Editor, Eileen Watson. As I intimated at
the last AGM, President’s do not go on for
ever and I am demitting office at the end of
this year. This is my last, and 50th, ‘President’s
letter’, but with the indulgence of Sam
Hurley, our present Editor, I will continue to
submit bits and pieces thereafter. The Society
has over 12,000 of my digital orchid
photographs for use in perpetuity, but I
expect other photographers to come to the
aid of the Editor and increase our
photographic library.
My successor will be elected at the AGM in
June, so in the interim, please help your
Management Committee to propose your
next President. The OSGB should have one. I
have enjoyed my time in office; the Society is
successful and friendly; continues to be
innovative and financially sound; and we
have members around the globe, so choose a
President who can take this all forward. Beginners’ corner – mealy bug,
again
I should have listened to my own advice in
the last issue about how mealy bugs ‘can
quickly convert your orchid collection to a
disaster zone’, as the photos show. This is the
leaf of a Cattleya hybrid, and I should have
been looking for the tell-tale yellow marks
on the top of the leaf, indicating mischief
258 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
underneath. When I started to find mealy
bug again (in Dendrobium, Laelia,
Phalaenopsis, and Cattleya plants, some of
which had come from friends, some which
were being housed for the OSGB), I looked at
every plant individually and found some
even worse than this.
The insecticides that are available in the UK
for killing mealy bug are Bug Clear Ultra
(contains acetamiprid); Provado Ultimate
Bug Killer concentrate2 (contains thiacloprid),
and Provado Ultimate Bug Killer (contains
imidacloprid and methiocarb). The last one
comes as an aerosol can, the former as
liquids for dilution and spraying. There is also
Plant Rescue (contains thiomethoxam and
abamectin) which only comes in a 750ml
Top surface of a Cattleya leaf showing the yellow
patches caused by the death of cells that have been
sucked by the mealy bug underneath the leaf
Underside of the same Cattleya leaf showing heavy
infestation of mealy bug and a few scale insects
sprayer ready for use. They are all systemic
insecticides (which are better than the
purely contact ones) so insects which hatch
out after spraying, and then feed on the
leaves, ingest the insecticide and die. The
ones which come ready for use do not go
very far and it becomes expensive using
them for a large greenhouse, but it is worth
the cost to get rid of the pests. Read the
labels and use them in rotation regularly to
reduce the risk of the insects becoming
resistant to any one insecticide and clean off
all visible insects with diluted methylated
spirit on a cloth or cotton wool.
There are predators which can be liberated
into the greenhouse which will destroy
common pests, but they are more suitable
for use on annuals – like tomatoes – as they
rely on having a low level of infestation
otherwise they run out of food and die. A low
level of infestation is not acceptable when
growing perennial plants, like orchids.
Viruses
There is nothing one can do about these
except destroy the plant to prevent it
infecting other plants. Here is an Anguloa
leaf which is heavily infected, showing the
linear yellow streaks where the cells have
been damaged by the virus so are not
producing chlorophyll. As the damage
increases the cells will die and the yellow
cells will become black.
Photographic tips – depth of
field and the background
The Photographic Competition is coming up
again at the Society’s December meeting so
we should all be lining up orchids to
photograph. Having the plant in focus is
always regarded as a good idea, as well as
having a background which is not intrusive.
When the camera focuses on a point there
will be an area in focus, with any space in
front or behind this which is not. The area in
focus is called the depth of field, and will be
smaller the closer the camera is to the object,
and will extend one third of the way towards
the camera, and two thirds of the way away,
from the point at which the camera is
focussing. In close up photography the depth
of field may only be a few millimetres so one
should focus on a point a little way into the
centre of the flower and not just at the part
nearest to the camera. If one uses a very
small aperture (technically, an f-stop of f16–
f32) one has a bigger depth of field. With a
large aperture (technically, an f-stop of f1.4–
f2.8) one has a very small depth of field. To
get the right exposure of the picture a slow
shutter speed is needed for the former and a
fast shutter speed for the latter which limits
how small an aperture one can use without a
tripod, a very sunny day, a very steady hand,
or using flash. The following photographs are
of Laelia gouldiana.
Leaves of an Anguloa, heavily infected by a virus
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 259
The next two photos show how, with the
camera lens aperture wide open (f 2.8) the
depth of field is very limited. Decreasing the
aperture (f 22) and slowing the shutter speed
increases the depth of field.
Flash, f32 at 1/15sec. The background is a little underexposed
Daylight, f2.8 at 1/800 of a second. Only the front flower is in
focus and the background is out of focus
Flash, f32 at 1/25sec. The background is more underexposed
Daylight, f22 at 1/15 of a second. All the flowers are in focus
and the background is coming into focus
The following five photographs are at aperture
f32 with flash, the flower is fully in focus but
one can adjust how much the background
shows up by adjusting the shutter speed.
Flash, f32 at 1/50sec. The background is a very underexposed
Flash, f32 at 1/6 sec. All of the flower is in focus and the
background is normally illuminated
Flash, f32 at 1/200sec. The background is a so underexposed
that it appears black
260 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
If one uses flash and f32 with the same
exposure as one would use for daylight, the
background and the flower are properly
exposed and in focus. If one continues to use
f32 and increase the shutter speed, the
amount of light coming from the background
reduces until there is so little received by the
camera that the background is black, while
the electronics on the flash and the camera
will increase the lighting on the flower so
that it remains correctly exposed.
A camera with the ability to set the aperture
and the shutter speed manually is needed to
do this, and I use a separate ring flash to get
the correct exposure on the flower.
Western Australian orchids
In September I had ten days in Perth,
Western Australia as a guest speaker at the
19th Australian Orchid Council Conference
and Show. It was a beautifully organised
show, with major sponsors whose generosity
made it possible to have an elegant setting,
professional lecture theatre facilities, with
lots of orchid vendors and exhibitors.
Cymbidiums were much in evidence, and the
hybrids of Cymbidium madidum such as C.
Bellissimo ‘Pure’ on the Ezi-Gro Orchids stand
made me wish that we had these
enormously long stemmed hybrids in
England.
Exhibit, principally of Cymbidium hybrids, by Ezi-Gro Orchids
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 261
Lycaste Abou Sunset, Best in Show
Kevin also won Best in Show, with this
handsome red-flowered Lycaste Abou Sunset
from Japan.
The best Cymbidium in the show was the
dark red C. Red Nelly ‘Devil’, registered in
2002, with a well-arranged stem of a dozen,
cup-shaped, flowers. This showed the huge
advance in breeding since the 1938 hybrid
from McBean’s Orchids, C. Rearson, also on
display at the show.
The exhibits were full of flower, and some
humour, for one exhibit boasted some lifesized plastic gorillas with an accompaniment
of tape-recorded gorilla hooting.
Kevin Butler, the owner of Ezi-Gro Orchids, with
Cymbidium Bellisimo ‘Pure’, a hybrid raised by Andy
Easton with the long-stemmed, warm growing
C. madidum in its ancestry
262 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Out in the countryside it was Spring, and in
the fields, woods and roadside verges the
orchids were appearing. The Cowslip orchid,
Caladenia flava, was everywhere, and the
Pink Fairy, Caladenia reptans, occurred in
Cymbidium Rearson, a hybrid registered by McBean’s in
1938
large numbers in Kings Park. Although those
who went on the organised tours saw many
more, I found a dozen different orchids in
short roadside walks with brief dive-offs into
the ‘bush’ (see centre pages). Western
Australia is a lovely place to visit, and despite
the strong Australian dollar (it has doubled
in value against the British pound in the last
few years) it is not too expensive.
Cymbidium Red Nelly ‘Devil’, Best Cymbidium in Show
Medicinal orchids
Despite the name Orchis deriving from the
Greek word for testicle because some
European terrestrial orchids had pairs of
round tubers, the assumption that they are
therefore aphrodisiacs is, to us in the 21st
century, obviously false. It was believed by an
itinerant doctor called Dioscorides, writing in
70 AD, and continued in medical literature
through the centuries with the advent of
printing and the herbals of Leonard Fuchs
(1551), Matthias de L’Obel (1576), William Coles
(1657), Linnaeus (1782) and others.
By the 19th century the British Flora Medica
(1857) noted that orchids had been used as
aphrodisiacs, but ‘possess no medicinal
Exhibit with plastic gorillas at the AOC Conference in
Perth
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 263
powers’ and that ‘many absurd statements
of their effects are recorded by ancient
authors’.
Modern herbalists often give status to their
claims for the effectiveness of herbal
medicines by claiming that they have been
used by the ancient Greeks or other cultures
for centuries. Coles has a nice comment on
this, noting that these tuberous orchids were
‘called in Greek, Satyrium, because it [their
aphrodisiac property] was found out by the
Satyrs, who first used it to stir up lust ...’. The
ancient Greeks had to attribute previous use
to the era of mythology, in order to give
authority to the alleged properties of their
plants.
Matthias de L’Obel
Leonhart Fuchs
264 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Nevertheless, orchid tubers are still dug up
by the millions in Turkey to make salep ice
cream which is marketed as having
aphrodisiac properties. An article in Orchid
Biology and Reviews (1984) claims that 125
tons of orchid tubers were dug up annually
in Turkey in the last quarter of the 19th
century (ie between 125–500 million tubers
depending on whether you calculate the
weight of tubers as 0.25 or 1gm each). In the
IUCN Status Survey and Conservation Action
Plan (1996) it is stated that 16 million tubers
were still being dug up annually in Turkey.
Thirty eight different species are collected
and some are becoming scarce. The article
notes that Himantoglossum comperianum is
now virtually extinct except in cemeteries
where it thrives, as it is seen as bad form to
collect from there.
If nothing else, it makes one realise how
difficult it is to make an orchid extinct even
when collection occurs for so long at such a
Orchis simia in L’Obel’s herbal
Orchis simia is used to make salep, a flour used to make
Turkish ice cream
Orchis simia, whose tubers were thought to be aphrodisiacs
rate. However, in other parts of the world
where orchids are collected for their
purported medicinal use, extinction seems
only a few years away for many.
Vanilla has been alleged to be calming, good
for relieving indigestion and having other
beneficial actions (Piso, 1658), and later to be
a cure for syphilis and healing wounds
(Lindley, 1838). I could find no mention of it
being an aphrodisiac until the advent of
Google. ‘Googling’ the words ‘Vanilla
aphrodisiac’ (but with no inverted commas)
indicated just over one million websites
where these two words may be found.
However there is a new science of
bibliometry where one can judge the
reliability of a source of information by
counting the number of references to the
information in the literature. As I knew that
my aphrodisiac powers are close to zero (one
may live in hope, but ...), I ‘googled’ ‘Oakeley
aphrodisiac’ and was rewarded by just over
four million websites. Try it for yourself! I
tried the names of all the Committee
members in turn and was delighted that one
achieved over nine million hits.
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 265
Vanilla pompona: the vanilla of commerce (more widely,
Vanillia planifolia) is thought by some users of Google to
be an aphrodisiac, but evidence is lacking
The sap of Cremastra appendiculata contains a
homoisoflavone which might help in treating cancer
Cymbidium hybrids contain mannose-binding lectins that could help in treating AIDS
266 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
There are chemicals in some orchids which
may find proper medicinal use and my
favourite was the mannose-binding lectins
present in the sap of Cymbidium hybrids.
Lectins are proteins and these ones bind
with mannose (a sugar) which is present on
the surface of the HIV virus. Lewis (2003)
suggests that this may make it easier for the
body’s immune system (which is almost
destroyed by HIV infections) to attack the
virus. Another is the curiously named
Cremastra appendiculata whose sap contains
a homisoflavone: 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy4-methoxybenzyl)-6-methoxychroman-4-one,
which inhibits the production of new blood
vessels by cancers (called angioneogenesis)
and so reduces the nutrition and growth of
tumours (Planta Med. 2004). It only works (so
far) in the chorioallantoic membrane of the
chick embryo (an uncooked chicken egg) so
you may realise it has a long way to go
before any useful chemotherapeutic agent
for humans arises from it.
I wired some Phalaenopsis plants to a cork
bark log in the spring and have been
rewarded by a good burst of flower. Now
that the roots are sticking to the bark they
are growing well with no compost, but
require watering at least every four days.
The End
All best wishes, and looking forward to
seeing you at the meetings....
Anguloa leaves spreading across the gangway in my
greenhouse to catch the light
Progress in the orchid house
The summer growth is coming to an end, and
pseudobulbs should be finishing their
growth. Now is the time for many orchids
with pseudobulbs to have a period of lower
temperature and dry conditions to harden off
the new growth and get ready for flowering
in late winter. My anguloas finished
flowering in July, and now the leaves have
spanned the gangways, the bulbs are almost
made up, and they too will get much less
water – once every month or two instead of
once or twice a week, until the new growth
and flower buds appear in the New Year.
A group of white Phalaenopsis growing and flowering
on cork bark
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 267
Lizard Sandwich, anyone?
André Roux (Photos by André Roux)
This delicacy was not on a menu but the
country’s largest population of the Lizard
Orchid, Himantoglossum hircinum, in
Sandwich, Kent. One fortuitously dry, sunny
yet windy Saturday in mid-June, Francis
Quesada-Pallares and I caught the train from
London and, after a 30-minute walk from the
station to Sandwich Bay Estate, spotted the
first specimens a stone’s throw from the
shore. In orchid terms, few experiences rival
seeing species growing in their native
environment and it was with no less delight
that we encountered these intriguing plants.
Himantoglossum hircinum is the most
widespread of the five species in the genus.
Although rare in the England, its distribution
ranges eastward to cover much of Europe,
from Spain through the Mediterranean to
Greece, further north in Belgium, the
Netherlands and Germany, south to North
The elongated mid-lobe of the lip gives this plant its
common name, the Lizard Orchid
The sweeping expanse of Sandwich Bay, Kent
Himantoglossum hircinum, the Lizard Orchid
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 269
Lizard Sandwich, anyone?
Africa and has been recorded in Iraq. It is found
most commonly on chalk grassland, less so on
roadsides and calcareous dunes. In Sandwich
it seems settled in all these locations. The
most striking feature is the long mid-lobe of
the lip which, in densely-flowered specimens,
creates a wild toilet-brush effect.
An interesting aspect is seeing first-hand the
variety among both plants and flowers in a
large colony. Although the plants had taken a
battering from the previous week’s gales, it
was evident that some were naturally stunted
and fewer-flowered; others bore blooms with
dense, almost coagulating spots whereas yet
more individuals were barely splashed with
crimson. The one consistency, however, was
the fact that all the flowers were oriented
more or less in the direction of the wind. After
a few hours, we felt much the same.
Anacamptis pyramidalis
A rare white-flowered form of Anacamptis pyramidalis
270 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Several different orchid species are at home in
the Sandwich Bay area. Another prolific
inhabitant was Anacamptis pyramidalis, the
Pyramidal Orchid, scattered in swathes
amongst the grasses like brilliant fuchsia
beacons. We even had a stroke of luck
stumbling across a lone plant of the
apparently rare white-flowered form. Francis
recognised the delightful Bee Orchid, Ophrys
apifera, a grouping of five straggly plants so
close to the roadside that any wayward tyre
would surely crush them. The Man Orchid,
Orchis anthropophora, eluded us completely. It
was rather sheepishly, while awaiting our train
home, that I noted we ought to have followed
the advice of the helpful chap at Sandwich Bay
Bird Observatory Trust and first stopped at
their office for location details.
For more information about the flora and
fauna at Sandwich Bay Bird Observatory Trust
visit www.sbbot.co.uk
Book Reviews
A to Z of South East Asian
Orchid Species Volume 2
by Peter O’Byrne
Hardback, 196 pp copiously illustrated. ISBN
978-981-08-8984-5. Published by the Orchid
Society of South East Asia, purchase online
via http://www.ossea.org.sg/catalogue/2 for
$40 Singapore dollars plus postage.
This successor to Volume 1 contains 106
genera and 402 species of orchids found in
South East Asia, and like its predecessor it is a
delight, with the same unique format. Each
species has a paragraph describing the
habitat in the wild; the plant and the flowers
accompanied by Peter O’Byrne’s excellent
photos; a distribution map; a diagram of the
plant’s habit; a ‘thermometer’ indicating
temperature requirements; a symbol to
indicate cultivation preferences (pot, basket,
mounted on a bark slab etc); and the
‘calendar dial’. This latter is a circle divided
into the 12 months of the year, with the
rainfall, sunshine requirements and flowering
season clearly marked for each month.
No longer need you resort to the often
incorrect information in the internet, all the
identifications in this book have been
thoroughly checked, and most of them have
been seen by the author growing in their
habitat. You can find (nearly) everything
from the well-known Arundina graminifolia –
regarded around the globe as a tropical
weed which has become naturalised in many
areas of the world – to the almost unknown
Vyrdagzynea albida – widely distributed
through SE Asia but not in cultivation, and
learn something new on every page. There
are recently described orchids (eg Vanda
jennae and V. metusalae) and new
unravelling of misunderstood ones
(V. perplexa nom. in ed. – previously mistaken
for V. furva), and it is impressive how many
have been described by Peter O’Byrne
himself. There is a useful explanation of
future changes of genus names, based on
DNA studies, simply done in one page.
It is a beautiful book, authoritative, easy to
read, well produced, and the index includes
Volume 1 as well. Anyone with an interest in
intermediate and warm-growing orchids,
including Phalaenopsis, should have a copy
(even if it is just to understand the breadth
of forms and habitats of the world’s orchids).
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 271
Book Reviews
The author is a botanist with an
encyclopaedic knowledge of orchids, the
most professional of all amateurs, whose
office is the mountains and plains of SE Asia
but teaches chemistry for a living. He started
life in England, spent 10 years in Africa, four
in Papua New Guinea (his Lowland Orchids of
Papua New Guinea, ISBN 981-00-6082-3, was
the legacy of his time there), and he is now
resident in Singapore. Congratulations to
Peter O’Byrne on a book which everyone with
an interest in orchids should possess.
Henry Oakeley
On the various contrivances by
which British and foreign
orchids are fertilised by insects
and the good effects of
intercrossing
by Charles Darwin
Facsimile edition in unlimited paperback and
limited hardback (1,000 copies). 366 pp with
black and white illustrations, A5. Published
by Langford Press, website; www.langfordpress.co.uk, tel: 01778 341132. Paperback £12,
ISBN 978-904078-45-6. Hardback £45, ISBN
978-904078-09-8.
This year marks the 150th anniversary of the
publication of Charles Darwin’s groundbreaking book about the fertilisation of
orchids. His endless years of patient study
and observation of orchids provided further
evidence for his theories about natural
selection. This book is an exact facsimile of
the first edition, which sold slowly at first
and of which only 2,000 copies were printed
although they now sell for fabulous sums.
272 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
In this book Darwin studies the relationship
between orchids and their pollinators in
great detail and gives countless examples of
how orchids have evolved specialised
pollination mechanisms to attract and suit
different insects. He describes the anatomy
of a number of British orchids that he had
been able to study over long periods near his
home, Down House in Kent, as well as
foreign orchids which he had received from
colleagues overseas and studied in his
greenhouse. It is in this book that he
accurately predicted the existence of an as
yet unknown moth, with an extremely long
proboscis, as the pollinator of Angraecum
sesquipedale from Madagascar.
Obituary – Kenneth (Ken) Chippendale
On a recent visit to Down House I spent
some time sheltering from the summer rain
on the verandah where Darwin used to sit,
before dashing through the downpour to
visit his greenhouse, where species orchids
are still grown. What could be better than a
return visit with this book and an afternoon
spent reading Darwin’s words in the place
that inspired them? These editions have
been attractively published and while the
paperback edition is extremely good value at
£12, the hardback edition requires some
serious investment. This book is one of the
building blocks of our understanding of the
coevolution between plants and insects, and
certainly deserves a place in the library of
any orchid enthusiast.
Sam Hurley
Orchid species are still grown in Darwin’s original
greenhouse at Down House in Kent (Photos by Sam
Hurley)
Obituary – Kenneth (Ken) Chippendale
Val Micklewright
Ken Chippendale died on 4 August 2012 at
the age of 78. Ken had been a member of the
Orchid Society of Great Britain since 1967,
and was a leading figure in the Southern
Counties Orchid Society.
He was a keen amateur grower and loved his
orchids, to the extent of starting a new
collection after his greenhouse caught fire
and destroyed his collection a few years ago.
He began to build a collection of
Phragmipedium. For many years he attended
orchid events and helped Southern Counties
Orchid Society put on displays at the RHS
London Orchid Show, Dawlish Warren,
Peterborough and many other venues.
He worked hard as a young man to become a
Professor of Microbiology, and worked for 42
years at the Royal Sussex County Hospital in
Brighton, where his final years were spent as
an immunologist. He was absolutely
devoted to his wife Betty who passed away
in 1999. He was a precious brother and uncle,
much loved by all his young family.
He was a talented artist and a special person
to those who knew him, always with a kind
word and a knowing smile. I think the best
description of Ken is that he was a true
English gentleman; he will be sadly missed
by all of his friends.
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 273
Peter Williams (Photos by Peter Williams)
Following the World Orchid Conference in
Singapore last November I organised the
post-conference tour to see orchids growing
in the wild in eastern Thailand.
After more than a year’s planning it was
pleasing to be able to finally meet the
participants upon their arrival at Sukhothai
airport in the east of Thailand. The group
consisted of 26 people from seven countries.
Some had given lectures at the conference,
others had been judges, and some were just
enthusiastic hobbyists.
The morning after everyone’s arrival, we
drove for about an hour across some very
rural countryside to a remote national park.
The mountains in this area were previously
one of the strongholds of the communist
party of Thailand and one of the last places
to be reclaimed by the Thai government
Members of the post-WOC tour to eastern Thailand
274 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
forces, only being declared safe to visit in
1984. After visiting the park’s information
centre we had a short walk to a flat stony
plateau, at around 1,500 metres, dotted with
large boulders. In many places the orchids
were the dominant ground cover plant with
some clumps over one metre across. The first
few species that we saw in this area were
Eria lasiopetala, Coelogyne trinervis, Otochilus
albus (which covered the ground like a living
carpet) and Liparis viridiflora (which were
always found growing in the shade). In the
more open area, growing on the exposed
rocks, we saw Dendrobium indivisum,
Bulbophyllum blepharistes and Luisia recurva.
In the darker areas alongside the trees we
found several clumps of Coelogyne lactea
many of which were in flower. As these were
all growing terrestrially it was possible to get
A large clump of Coelogyne trinervis
up close and appreciate the strong scent of
the flowers. Another notable orchid thriving
in large numbers was Thunia alba, with
canes over a metre in height, many of which
also had large seed pods on them.
The next day required a long drive across the
country travelling eastwards but
conveniently a stop was planned about half
way at a lowland national park - enabling us
to enjoy a short trek. This trek was alongside
the road in the forest which was a mixture of
pine and deciduous diptocarps. It was at a
much lower altitude than the habitat we
had explored previously and it was notably
warmer and much darker.
Shortly after entering the forest we saw
trees covered with various dendrobiums
including Dendrobium chrysotoxum, D.
dixanthum, D. draconis, D. primulinum and D.
pulchellum. The dominant species, however,
was D. lindleyi which was prevalent on most
of the trees. I had previously visited this
forest in the spring when there are so many
orchids flowering on the trees that it looks
Dendrobium infundibulum was one of the few species
flowering at the time of the tour
like the trees themselves are flowering.
Although they were not in flower in
November, it was interesting to see the
conditions in which they grew and to be able
to get close enough to examine the root
systems, growth patterns and size of the
canes in detail.
As we went deeper into the forest more
orchids were found, including several
Cymbidium haematodes growing terrestrially
on the forest floor, and a tree covered with a
mass of Bulbophyllum rufinum with several
flower spikes open. Near the park’s
headquarters the rangers had placed orchids
that they had found on fallen trees. These
were all spring-flowering but, hidden behind
a signpost, growing on the ground we found
a flowering plant of Arundina graminifolia.
We left the park, then changed direction
slightly and drove north for an hour and a
half, arriving at our next hotel in the town of
Loei. The next day’s excursion to a remote
wildlife sanctuary promised to be the
highlight of the tour.
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 275
The sanctuary protects a mountain range
from 400–1,500 metres and covers an area
of over 800 square kilometres. We would be
trekking at an elevation of between 1,200–
1,500 metres on a plateau covered by
alpine-type forests with trees such as
maples, oaks, pines and rhododendrons. I had
arranged for an official forest ranger guide,
whom I had met previously and knew had a
keen interest in orchids, to take us on a
special trail with the emphasis on seeing
orchids.
The trail we followed started by going
through a small forest of flowering
rhododendrons. The first most notable
orchid seen here was Cymbidium insigne. We
The impressive sight of a large group of flowering
Cymbidium insigne
276 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
saw about 20 flowering plants which were
all growing terrestrially. In one place there
was a group of plants growing together that
had an amazing display of flowers. Further
along, growing by the base of a large shrub,
we found several plants of another orchid,
Monomeria barbata, in flower and in the
more shaded areas growing on the ground
were large clumps of Calanthe cardioglossa,
which had tall, upright inflorescences
covered with flowers.
We came out of the rhododendron forest
into a more open scrubby type of landscape
where the path went between large rocks
that were covered with orchids. In this area
we found great mats of Epigeneium amplum.
The flowers of this species were very variable
from a dark, reddish brown to all-over dark
yellow. Also growing here, hidden in the rock
crevices and occasionally on top of the rocks,
were several clumps of Pleione maculata in
flower. On one rock face, hidden amongst
moss and ferns, we found several plants of
Bulbophyllum dayanum that had small
reddish flowers with curious yellow
filaments on the sepals. We followed the trail
between head-high rocks where great
clumps of Coelogyne lactea were growing
everywhere. These were also in flower and
the sweet scent seemed to be trapped in the
walkway between the rocks.
The path went into a taller, denser forest
which was more humid and heavily shaded.
Here on the trees, on the rocks and creeping
over the ground were large plants of
Bulbophyllum lobbii. Notably in this darker,
more shaded area the leaves of the orchids
were very large and a healthy, shiny green
Pleione maculata growing in moss and leaf litter on top of rocks
colour. As the trail came out into a lighter
clearing, sitting on top of a rock in light
shade and in full flower, was a healthy plant
of Coelogyne fuscescens.
Over lunch it was interesting to hear how
different people spotted different orchids
and how two people could walk along the
same trail and see a completely different
range of orchids in flower compared to each
other.
In the afternoon there was a special trek
arranged which was more demanding.
Members were taken along a narrow animal
trail that went deep into the forest. This trail
involved negotiating a few fallen trees and in
places required the guide to use his machete
to clear a path.
The flowers of Epigeneium amplum vary from dark,
reddish brown to dark yellow
Our guide led us to see a very old tree which
was covered with flowering plants of
Paphiopedilum villosum. There were about 50
plants on the tree some of which had formed
Bulbophylum dayanum has shaggy yellow filaments on
the sepals
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 277
good-sized clumps. They were growing all
over the main trunk and the thicker
branches. The guide told me last year in early
December he had counted over 70 flowers
open. Near the lower plants we found several
tiny seedlings growing in the moss. It was
noted that, although this particular tree was
covered with these plants, there were no
plants on any of the other trees growing
nearby. The guide explained to me that as
this species is in great demand by wild
orchid collectors, he would only show
selected foreign tourists where they were
growing and none of the locals, as the risk of
them telling someone in the collecting trade
was too great.
Coelogyne fuscescens growing on top of a rock in light
shade
Paphiopedilum villosum are at great risk from wild orchid collectors
278 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
We came out of the forest onto an open area
dotted with rocks which were covered with
orchids, where one of the dominant species
was Dendrobium infundibulum. These were
covered with flower buds and the first few
plants had just started to flower. Nearby we
found several clumps of a miniature orchid,
growing and flowering on moss-covered
trees, which was later identified as
Bulbophyllum nipondhii.
One of the members who had, over the years,
visited many different countries and orchid
sites said this was one of the most productive
areas for orchids that he had been to.
The next day we drove back to our initial
resort and, having plenty of time, we made
several interesting, non-orchid related stops
that included an ornately decorated famous
local temple, a flower and vegetable trials
ground and a local winery which had a very
well stocked gift shop attached to it.
Ed: At the author’s request, the names of
orchid locations have been omitted
throughout the article in an attempt to
protect the plants from the gangs who
illegally collect wild orchids. Peter Williams
runs Mae Tang Orchids, which offers orchids
for sale in the UK, and conducts specialized
tours to Thailand to see orchids growing in
their natural habitat; see advertisement on
page 327 or visit Peter’s website:
www.theorchidman.com
A large colony of Dendrobium infundibulum growing on a huge boulder
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 279
Phalaenopsis schilleriana: an
orchid gem
Jim Cootes and George Tiong (Photos by Jim Cootes)
Visiting the Philippines, during the months
of February or March, is a great joy, because
this is the flowering season of the
magnificent Phalaenopsis schilleriana.
If one is out and about in the provinces,
where this species grows naturally, plants are
seen almost everywhere, growing in the
gardens of the towns and small villages.
When these plants are in full bloom, it can be
an unforgettable sight. An even more
breathtaking sight is at an orchid nursery
where there are hundreds of plants in bloom.
Phalaenopsis schilleriana is endemic to the
Philippines and occurs at elevations of
between 300–600 metres along the east
coast of Luzon and some of the islands in the
Visayan Sea. It grows as an epiphyte usually
on the trunks or branches of trees in medium
shade. It was named by Professor Heinrich G
Reichenbach in 1860, in Hamburger GartenBlumenzeitung, in honour of Consul Schiller
who was the first European to flower the
orchid, in cultivation, two years earlier.
The plant has a stout appearance, with
Hundreds of plants in bloom at a nursery in Cavite province in the Philippines
The delicate beauty of Phalaenopsis schilleriana, endemic to
the Philippines
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 281
Flowers of Phalaenopsis schilleriana come in all shades
of pink
attractive foliage which is mottled or banded
silver-grey on a dark green background. The
leaves are succulent and drooping, and
measure up to 40cm long by 8cm wide. On
well-grown adult plants, multiple branching,
arching inflorescences up to 90cm long are
formed, bearing many beautiful flowers,
with each flower measuring about 5cm in
diameter. The flowers are delicately fragrant
and come in all shades of pink. There is also
an extremely rare all-white form of this
species, but we have never seen a specimen.
There are many clones which are white on
282 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
The leaves of Phalaenopsis schilleriana are as attractive
as the flowers (Photo by Henry Oakeley)
the outer portion of the petals and sepals
with a pinkish tinge on the inner part of the
segments.
The formation of inflorescences of this
species is initiated by a drop in the evening
temperature during December and January.
In the lowlands of Manila this species will
not flower because of the high year-round
temperatures. While the temperature is cool
enough, for long enough, to initiate the
formation of the inflorescences, the blooms
never form. Instead the inflorescences will
produce baby plants (Ed: keikis), which over
time will produce further small plants. In
Manila, it is common to see large plants that
have never flowered since they were brought
to the city from their native habitat in the
mountains.
References:
Christenson, E A (2001) Phalaenopsis – A
Monograph, Timber Press, Oregon
Cootes, J (2011) Philippine Native Orchid
Species, Katha Publishing Inc, Philippines
Cultivation
In temperate localities this delightful species
is relatively easy to grow and has proven to
be fairly tolerant of a wide range of
conditions providing a minimum of 15°C can
be maintained at night during the winter
months. Plants can be grown in plastic pots
in a combination of large pieces of bark and
pebbles of a similar size. Good drainage is
important to avoid crown rot. As with other
Phalaenopsis species, constant air movement,
high humidity, and shading of at least 70%
are important requirements for healthy
growth. Regular applications of both organic
and inorganic fertilisers during the warmer
months will have this attractive plant
growing happily and rewarding you with
spectacular spikes of ‘moth orchid’ flowers in
spring.
Ed: No shading will be required in the winter
months in the UK and even in the summer
English growers find that 50% shading
seems sufficient as long as the leaves do not
get hot. Day time temperatures of 25–30°C
(night 18 –20°C) are ideal for plant growth.
The cooler temperatures in the winter
stimulate flower spike production. In their
habitat the rainfall averages 10 metres
annually – that is an inch a day in the old
measurements – although in the wet season
it is much more and only an inch a week in
the ‘dry’ season.
Ed: Jim Cootes has written widely on orchids
and published two books Philippine Native
Orchid Species (2011) and The Orchids of the
Philippines (2001). His writing partner,
George Tiong, is a qualified horticulturalist
with a keen interest in orchid culture and
species.
A plant with nearly one thousand blooms displayed at a
Tokyo orchid show (Photo by Henry Oakeley)
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 283
Philippine Orchids – Part II
Gwyneth Ressich
Ed: This is the second part in our serialisation
of an account by an orchid lover living in the
Philippines in the 1920s, illustrated with some
watercolours by the author. Currently
accepted plant names and metric equivalent
measurements are given in brackets.
Mountain Orchids
One hundred and fifty miles north of Manila
is the beautiful mountain resort, Baguio,
with an elevation of nearly 5,000 feet (1,500
metres) and a climate more nearly
temperate than tropical. The hills of Baguio
are pine-wooded, with giant tree-ferns and
mountain bamboo in the gullies. The
Spathoglottis rosea (now Spathoglottis plicata) flowers
almost continuously throughout the year
284 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
temperature rises to 80°F (26°C) in the
middle of the day, and drops to about 45°F
(7°C) at night. ‘Baguio’ means ‘typhoon’, and
in the rainy season it well deserves the
name. The mountains seem to reach up and
catch the wrath of every storm that passes.
But in the dry season the air is clear and cold,
the sun is warm and friendly, while the
distant mountains lie in range upon range of
blue and purple beauty.
It is only fitting that in such a lovely spot
orchids should grow in rich profusion. There is
a lovely yellow Spathoglottis as well as a rare
salmon pink one which is probably a natural
hybrid. All the different forms of Spathoglottis
are hardy, adapting themselves to any good
garden soil. They have the great virtue of
almost continuous flowering throughout the
year; they increase rapidly, and are excellent
for cutting. Sweet scented Habenaria diphylla
is to be found among the moss and ferns, its
two small, round leaves as demure as folded
hands holding the white misty spray of
flowers on its slender stalk. Cypripedium (now
Paphiopedilum) argus, a gaily painted ladyslipper is common, its variegated leaves being
decorative even when the plant is not in
flower. Calanthe triplicata holds its large
clusters of immaculate white blossoms on
stems a yard tall.
Of the many epiphytes, the dendrobiums are
both the commonest and the showiest.
Dendrobium transparens has lovely, purewhite flowers nearly three inches (7.5cm)
across. Dendrobium aureum is common, and
D. victoriae-reginae is plentiful. The latter has
a strange, knotted, many-branched stem, on
which appear a profusion of delicate,
rose/lilac flowers. A similar plant is
D. chameleon. Contrary to expectations, the
flowers do not change colour, but there are
white and pink variations of the type, which
is a creamy-yellow. Dendrobium papilio,
another pink orchid, is found in the foothills,
as is also D. topaziacum (now
D. bullenianum), with its tight clusters of
brilliant orange flowers delicately veined
with scarlet.
Probably the two loveliest of the mountains
orchids are Dendrobium sanderae and
D. amethystoglossum. The former has large
trumpet-shaped flowers of pure white which
fall in graceful clusters from the tips of the
upright stems. The latter has larger clusters
of small white and amethyst flowers, and in
a belt of ‘moss forest’ on one of the high
mountains, it grows in unbelievable
profusion. At an elevation of about 8,000
feet (2,500 metres) there is a growth of
stunted oaks literally covered with moss.
Drenched by the mountain mists, it is an
ideal place for orchids, which crowd together
in a solid mass on the fallen logs and lower
branches of the trees. Those who associate
orchids with green houses and artificial
luxury should see D. amethystoglossum in
flower. As far as the eye can reach there is
nothing but the unbroken white and mauve
loveliness, above which droop the long
fronds of dark moss, while all about is the
impenetrable silence of the mountain forest.
There are many other mountain orchids
which deserve mention: the fragrant
Platyclinis family, among which is the
Dendrobium victoriae-reginae was plentiful in the hills
to the north of Manila
graceful Platyclinis (now Dendrochilum)
cobbiana, with its delicate tassels of white
and orange flowers; the coelogynes, which
stubbornly refuse to flower in the lowlands;
and the erias, many of which, like Eria
javanica, stay open only long enough to
tantalize the owner with their transient
beauty.
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 285
The Lake Shore
South of Manila lies the Laguna de Bay (Ed:
the largest lake in the Philippines), on the
south eastern shores of which rise volcanic
hills where many orchids are to be found.
One of the most beautiful sights I have ever
witnessed was the flowering of
D. crumenatum on the hills above the lake.
This is a cultivated district mainly devoted to
coconuts. On almost every palm grow various
epiphytes, many of which are these ‘dove’
orchids (so called for the resemblance of the
flower, from the side, to a white fantail dove).
This plant flowers for only one day at a time,
three or four times during the hot season, and
for some obscure reason all the plants in a
district covering hundreds of miles flower
Dendrobium crumenatum
Plants of Dendrobium crumenatum, the Dove Orchid,
flower simultaneously but only for one day
invariably on the same day. The flowers are
individually small, about one inch (2.5cm)
across, pure white except for a golden blotch
on the frilled lip. But a single plant in my
garden has from seven hundred to a thousand
flowers at once, all born on long curving
sprays. The ‘dove’ orchid is like nothing so
much as a huge misty wedding bouquet, as
sweet as lilac, and generally surrounded by a
dozen butterflies and bees which cannot resist
the fragrance. One plant in flower is lovely
beyond description; a whole coconut grove of
‘dove’ orchids is like a fairy forest of white lace.
If you add to this picture the distant view of
the blue mountains beyond an island-dotted
lake, you may imagine the beauty of D.
crumenatum in its natural home.
Flowers of Dendrobium taurinum, one of the ‘antelope’
type dendrobiums, last for a long time
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 287
good-sized salmon-pink flowers. The colour
of this orchid is as rare as it is beautiful, but
unfortunately the plant demands a cool
saturated shade, and few Manila gardeners
can induce it to flower.
Grammatophyllum speciosum can grow up to three
metres tall
Phaius blumei (now Phaius tankervilleae) was found in
the hills around the Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in
the Philippines
Two other important dendrobiums grow in
the lake area. Dendrobium taurinum, with its
elegant cluster of purple and white flowers
is especially desirable. The flowers, which
last a long time in perfection, have a most
individual shape. The petals, which are deep
purple, twist themselves into long
corkscrew-like horns. Dendrobium lyonii
(now D. treacherianum) is one of the few
native orchids that wants the damp shade of
the jungle; it has a long slender spray of
288 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
A little farther south Grammatophyllum
scriptum and G. speciosum are plentiful. The
former produces a profusion of two inch
(5cm) yellow and brown flowers on long
graceful stems. Grammatophyllum
speciosum is one of the most spectacular
orchids in the world. The plant itself grows
to be up to ten feet tall (three metres). From
the base of the pseudobulbs it produces
flower-scapes as tall as the plant, on each of
which grow from sixty to eighty five inch
(12.5cm) flowers, creamy-white, heavily
spotted with very dark cinnamon brown. An
average plant with four or five flower spikes
is an extraordinary sight, unequalled by any
other orchid for magnificence. Both forms of
Grammatophyllum last several weeks in
flower.
The banks of the roads through the Laguna
hills are a tangle of ferns and ground orchids.
Purple Spathoglottis, fragrant, small-flowered
Malaxis, beautiful leafed epipogons, tall
calanthes, Phaius blumei (now Phaius
tankervilleae) with its ochre petals and red
lip, are all to be found without difficulty.
From this district too come many erias and
bulbophyllums, as well as that royal family
among Philippine orchids, the Phalaenopsis.
Ed: The third and final part of this article will
appear in the next issue.
New members’ seminar
Maria Merry (Photo by Sam Hurley)
Whilst driving to the new members’
introductory seminar on 4 August, a phone-in
had just begun on our local radio station
aptly titled ‘Are you being dragged
somewhere today or are you the one
dragging?’ I sheepishly looked over at my
partner, Darren, who was being dragged to
the meeting and who has patiently put up for
three years with my orchid hobby which has
escalated into an obsession this past year.
Joining the OSGB in May this year was the
best decision I could have made because my
quest for knowledge had become insatiable
and there are only so many books one can
read. I needed to mix with like-minded
people to improve my knowledge and assist
in making me a better orchid grower.
I currently grow a mixed collection which
consists of 34 orchids including Brassia,
Bulbophyllum, Catasetum, Cattleya,
Dendrobium, Dracula, Laelia, Oncidium,
Paphiopedilum, Phalaenopsis, Vanda and
Zygopetalum.
The seminar began with a talk from the
Society’s President, Henry Oakeley. This
informative slide show covered orchid
anatomy, natural habitats, different growth
types and fabulous pictures. Programme
Secretary Francis Quesada-Pallares was the
second speaker who fuelled my obsession
with these magnificent plants. Both Francis
and I share the same growing conditions, the
dreaded ‘indoors’, as neither of us owns a
greenhouse. I must congratulate Francis as his
presentation has persuaded me to consider a
terrarium to grow more difficult orchids such
as Dracula and Masdevallia. My Dracula lotax is
extremely forgiving with the climate it
endures in my home but I am sure the same
could not be said for D. vampira and D. simia.
Chairman Roy White then treated us to a
potting session with plants donated by the
OSGB. I tried my luck with an Oncidium and
persuaded Darren to select a Dendrobium. We
were fortunate to purchase the plants for only
a fraction of their usual cost.
After a buffet lunch for new members
organised by Betty Barber and members of
the committee, the day ended with the
monthly meeting, including a lecture from
Christopher Bailes on the history of orchid
cultivation. Even the hot, stuffy afternoon
could not detract members’ attention from
this wonderfully detailed presentation, a
truly delightful way to end a splendid day.
I must urge you, if you have recently joined the
OSGB, please try and attend next year’s
seminar, you will not regret it. You never know,
it may help you become a better orchid grower.
My thanks to all involved for making this day
a success, your enthusiasm is infectious!
Darren Jenkins and Maria Merry try their hand at
repotting with Francis Quesada-Pallares
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 289
Peterborough International Orchid
Show 2012
Val Micklewright (Photos by Tony Taylor)
This was three weeks later than in previous
years and the harvest bugs were present
(East Anglian little black flies!). The weather
was its unpredictable self, with the full range
– hot, wet, humid and pleasant.
We arrived on Wednesday just after lunch in
a tropical rain storm with thunder, lightning
and hail stones, but this was only the
beginning. Thursday was spent setting up
the display in extremely high temperatures,
the best weather of the whole show but not
appreciated at the time. Friday saw a change
in weather with extensive rain which led to
flooding of the show ground and into the
marquee. This was the first time that the
OSGB has put on a floor display and maybe it
was not the best year to test it out. I did fear
at one point that we would have to lift the
plants up to avoid the ever advancing pool of
water, but the showground team came to
the rescue and managed to pump it out just
in time.
Despite the inclement weather we had a
wonderful show and everyone rallied round
to support the display teams. The main
show traders did not do so well except for
the wellie salesmen; the dog show carried on
and the horse show was held amongst the
campers.
The RHS did the stand judging this year and
the OSGB was awarded a Silver-Gilt. My
thanks to those who lent me their precious
plants in order to achieve this medal. Plants
were supplied by Jeanette Beaney, Derek
Belcher, Sam Hurley, Jo Kelleher, Michael
McIllmurray, Henry Oakeley, Michael Radley,
Kim Solomon, Simon Waddilove, and of
course the Micklewrights.
The rainwater rose towards the OSGB display but
disaster was averted by the showground team pumping
it out
290 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Three plants from the display were awarded
Certificates of Cultural Commendation by
the RHS Orchid Committee: Jo Kelleher’s
Stelis quadrifida ‘Patrick’, Val Micklewright’s
Phragmipedium Green Hornet ‘Rubes and
Peterborough International Orchid Show 2012
Henry Oakeley’s Anguloa brevilabris
‘Peterborough’ (see RHS Orchid Committee
awards).
was then completed with terrestrial orchids
including Disa, Paphiopedilum and
Dactylorhiza.
The display theme was a field camp in an
orchid environment, with the hut decorated
with the most beautiful vandas in blue,
white, purple and pink. Each hung with
Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish moss) supplied
by Michael Radley. To one side was a garden
of beautiful Anguloa. The backdrop was a
bark bank hung with Phalaenopsis and ferns.
At the front was a tussock of moss into
which all of the little ‘treasures’ had been
sunk. Between the backdrop and tussock
was a valley, home to Phragmipedium,
Dendrobium, Brassia, Encyclia etc. The front
One thing was for sure, this year the plants
did not need to be watered or sprayed!
Chris Barker, Secretary of the Peterborough
Orchid Show writes: The East of England
Show was a financial disaster (a loss of about
£400,000) and the showground committee
have decided not to hold the big agricultural
show in 2013; this brings the orchid show to
an end. However, the Peterborough Orchid
Show committee feel that there is still a place
for a large orchid show in the summer
months and we are already looking into
alternative venues.
The OSGB display represented a plant hunter’s field camp surrounded by orchids
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 291
How useful is coconut husk?
Ray Creek (Photos by Ray Creek)
On receiving a few sample packets, I
tentatively used some to pot on a range of
different orchids. To my surprise they grew,
and grew well. I have been using it ever since
for all my potting needs, with a wide range of
orchid genera and have had great results, with
the possible exception of disas. The next stage
was to buy a pallet which I sold to people
whom I knew would give me an honest
assessment of it; again, with good results.
After that I felt I could offer it to all my
customers. Unfortunately this supplier went
out of business after about two years leaving
me with a product in which I believed, but
with no supplier for it.
It was in the late 1990’s that I first came across
this material. It started when I noticed that
some of the plants coming in from Holland
were of a much superior quality; these plants
were almost always growing in a medium that
contained pieces of CCH. A couple of years
later the telephone rang and a very persuasive
gentleman explained that he was importing
CCH from Sri Lanka, for use as horse bedding,
and could offer a washed version for use in
orchid growing.
After a trawl of a couple of horticultural trade
shows I found a company from Sri Lanka called
Botanicoir Ltd. They source only brand new,
clean material from selected plantations,
which is then progressively washed in soft
spring water to reduce salts and other
impurities. The salt content is reduced to a
level that gives a conductivity reading of
0.7mS/cm (Ed: similar to tap water) or less. It is
then heat-treated to kill any pathogens, and
then buffered to prime it with a low level of
nutrients. This buffering process ensures there
are no problems with Magnesium deficiency
due to the naturally high levels of Potash that
occur in coconut husk. This process gives a
high quality product that is sold all over
Europe. Their market includes not only orchid
growers, but also the bigger, commercial
growers of things like tomatoes, cucumbers,
gerberas and citrus fruits. Visit their website:
www.botanicoir.com
Knowing that there had been some problems
with this material I was very sceptical.
However I was assured that this product had
been well-washed and heat-treated.
I am now in the position where, after years of
trying to convince anyone who would listen to
the merits of CCH, they are now coming along
and telling me how good it is. It is a shame
Ray Creek champions the merits of chipped coconut husk
(Photo by Sam Hurley)
Ed: At the cultural forum in June questions were
raised by members about the use of chipped
(or chopped) coconut husk (CCH), (coir is also
made from CCH, but is a different preparation
and not used) as a growing medium. We are
grateful to Ray Creek for this article (and to
Kim Solomon for encouraging him to write it).
292 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
that this medium is sometimes given bad
reviews, mainly due to poor quality products
being sold in the past; like any product CCH
comes in varying quality. Botanicoir is a safe
and reliable product and I am convinced that it
can help many orchid growers to enjoy and
get greater satisfaction from their plants. The
only preparation needed before use is to
reconstitute it by soaking in water. This
decompresses the particles so that it regains
its full volume. As with all growing mediums,
with every watering it is important to use
plenty of water to flush through thoroughly to
prevent the build-up of concentrates from
fertiliser use. It is always good cultural practise
to use a good, well-balanced orchid fertiliser
(feed), as per the instructions, every third
watering whilst the plants are actively
growing, again making sure that the compost
is well flushed through.
Benefits of Botanicoir CCH
Natural fungicidal properties help prevent
diseases which can lead to rot
The root system of this Encyclia has become well
established in chopped coconut husk
Holds a good amount of air within the
medium
Natural pH between 5.4 and 6.8 – ideal for
most orchids
Provides good drainage while retaining
enough moisture
Absorbs nutrients when at high levels and
releases them later
Slow to break down meaning longer periods
between repotting
Consistent quality between batches and easy
to use
Long life. I have left plants for three years or
more without re-potting and other people say
that it has lasted longer
The plants like it – try it and see for yourself!
Ray Creek (Orchids) supplies species and
hybrid orchids, along with Botanicoir CCH and
high-quality orchid feed; tel: 01724 798445 or
website: www.raycreekorchids.com
Prosthechea prismatocarpa in chopped coconut husk,
potted 3–4 years previously
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 293
A montage of Western Australian orchids
Caladenia flava
Elythranthera brunonis
Pterostylis recurva
Thelymitra antennifera
294 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
A montage of Western Australian orchids
Lyperanthus serratus
Diuris brumalis
Caladenia reptans
Caladenia longicauda
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 295
Napier Hall Meetings
July 2012
Michael McIllmurray – OSGB trip to Ecuador
Mary-Jane Hawkins (Photos by Michael
McIllmurray)
Michael McIllmurray entertained members
with a talk about the OSGB trip to the Andes
in Ecuador in 2009. Ecuador is not a huge
country, but with 4,000 species of orchids
recognised so far, it has more orchids than
anywhere else in the world. The tourist
hotels can often be found in the midst of
poverty and they offered the OSGB group a
variety of experiences.
The trip began early in the morning when
the group landed at Quito Airport, one of the
highest airports in the world, located in the
centre of the city with houses right up to a
picturesque runway. The orchid hunting
started almost as soon as the group arrived,
Epidendrum species can be seen growing by the
roadside
296 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
when they saw an Epidendrum at the side of
the road from the coach.
Soon they found that the more orchids one
sees in the wild, the more one’s eye becomes
tuned in to looking for them and once one
sees one orchid in a location (such as a rock),
one often sees seven or eight different
species. Ecuador offers plenty of
opportunities to see numerous genera,
including Lepanthes, Oncidium,
Phragmipedium, Porroglossum, Sobralia and
Stelis. Trigonidium grande was seen winding
up a tree; maxillarias were found on grass
verges and paths in leaf litter and they saw
Phragmipedium besseae growing on rocks in
running water.
As well as known species, they also saw new
species yet to be described. In addition to the
(frequently dusty) orchids, the group saw
agaves, poinsettias, stick insects, hairy
Trigonidium grande was found winding up a tree
caterpillars; beautifully coloured butterflies
which looked like neon lights; weaver birds
nests hanging from trees; a 30cm long
centipede and enormous scale insects 2.5cm
in diameter. Many Eucalyptus trees were
seen, which were imported as a cash crop
years ago. It is interesting to note that no
orchids were seen growing on them – the
bark is too smooth and is shed frequently.
At Lake Cuicocha (a flooded volcanic crater)
there were interesting plants including
lupins, masdevallias and epidendrums. With
one exception, every member of the party
managed to walk past an Altensteinia
fimbriata without noticing it.
The next stop was Cotacachi, in the heart of
cattle territory; an affluent town which sold
high quality leather goods. This hotel had a
llama living in the car park and a huge
restaurant which was empty apart from the
OSGB group. Orchids encountered here
included drifts of pleurothallids, Epidendrum,
Sobralia and a Maxillaria in flower, covered
with dust from the lorries going up and
down the road to the local cement factory.
Here, as on the rest of the trip, the
atmosphere was always misty.
The road into the Cotacachi Cayapas reserve
passes waterfalls which result in damp algae
growing on the leaves of pleurothallids, and an
Epidendrum growing by the side of a stream
being kept continuously wet. There was also
an Oncidium nearly 2m long draped over the
edge of a rock and the added bonus of a
hummingbird nest with two young. The group
found identifying plants was frustrating, as
obviously there are no plant labels, but when
looking at orchids in the wild the names
become of secondary importance and the
experience becomes the important factor.
Altensteinia fimbriata can be difficult to spot amongst
grassy vegetation
Pleurothallis species covered with dust, created by lorries
going to and from the local cement factory
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 297
While staying in Baños, the group saw
evacuation signs on all the streets, for this is
a volcanic area, overdue an eruption. At first
glance, the hard, wet volcanic lava flows did
not look promising, but they soon discovered
Phragmipedium lindenii and clumps of
Maxillaria growing on the slopes. The hotel
owner was a gardener who had a garden full
of flowers as well as an orchid garden, and
the hotel balconies were covered with
flowering orchids.
Next came one of the highlights of the trip;
visiting the headquarters of Ecuagenera, the
most successful orchid nursery in Ecuador.
The nursery has 26 greenhouses containing a
treasure trove of orchids. There is a luxury
hotel as well as a school for the village
children. Ecuagenera have recognised that
ecotourism can be more profitable than
selling orchids and they have bought two
tracts of forest where they are establishing
native orchids from the nursery in order to
offer excursions to tourists.
On the way back to the airport the coach
became stuck and had to be towed up the
hill by a bulldozer. We are all now looking
forward to hearing about the experiences of
Just part of one of Ecuagenera’s 26 greenhouses
298 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
the group which are visiting Ecuador and
Peru in November this year (as well as being
slightly envious).
August 2012
Christopher Bailes – The history of orchid
cultivation: how the penny dropped
Sam Hurley
Christopher Bailes describes himself as a
gardener rather than a botanist and has
spent over 40 years involved with gardening,
31 of them with orchids. He is currently the
curator of the Chelsea Physic Garden in
London, London’s oldest botanic garden
which was founded in 1673, and he claims a
love for all plants. In his beautifully
researched and presented lecture,
Christopher led members through the
history of exotic orchid cultivation. The main
focus was the steady evolution of orchid
cultivation techniques during the 18th and
19th centuries – how long it took for orchids’
requirements to be fully understood, or ‘how
the penny dropped’.
Orchids have an extensive history in both
western and eastern cultures. They are
excellent pioneer plants, thriving in difficult
habitats, over a wide distribution. In New
South Wales Dendrobium linguiforme thrives
in extremely dry seasonal conditions and in
the Ecuador National Park Epidendrum
tenuicaule grows in cool, alpine conditions at
4,000 metres. However, this talk focused on
exotic orchids, that is, epiphytes from warm,
temperate areas, although they too
experience extreme climates. They have
adapted to survive and many have mastered
the epiphytic form of growth, developing
pseudobulbs to store water, and velamen, a
protective coating on their roots through
which to absorb water and nutrients.
The increase in exploration and trade during
the 18th and 19th centuries led to a steady rise
in the number of orchids sent back to Britain.
But there was a distinct lack of information
available to the early growers about the
orchids’ natural habitats. Knowing that the
plants often came from the ‘jungle’, they
were expected to grow year round at high
temperatures and in high humidity. Many of
the epiphytes sent home from the West
Indies by naval officers were simply
described as ‘growing on trees’; they were
assumed to be parasitic and in need of the
correct host tree to survive. There was also
no understanding of the mycorrhizal fungus
required to germinate orchid seed. These
early orchids were grown in orangeries, and
failed to thrive in the dry atmosphere.
Christopher Bailes, Curator of the Chelsea Physic Garden
(Photo by Sam Hurley)
Dendrobium linguiforme endures dry seasonal conditions in New South Wales
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 299
The Chelsea Physic Garden was in the
vanguard of plant cultivation, and the great
botanists Philip Miller (1691-1771), Joseph
Banks (1743-1820) and John Lindley (17991865) were all involved with the garden. Only
about 30 species were known, although
Vanilla was grown for its commercial
potential, but these plants were regularly
killed in the stove houses.
In 1732 Bletia purpurea was the first tropical
orchid to flower in Europe, followed some
time later by Phaius tankervilleae. Both are
terrestrial orchids and were grown in the
early stove houses which were dark with
little air movement and no humidity. John
Loudon (1783-1843) was the first to propose
introducing fresh air into the growing
houses with bellows. Slowly the concept of
ventilation developed along with heating the
Prosthechea fragrans flowered at Kew in 1782
300 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
growing houses with hot water and creating
humidity. Prosthechea fragrans flowered at
Kew in 1782 and in 1789 Hortus Kewensis was
published listing 14 species in cultivation.
Sadly, many plants died soon after flowering.
In 1812 Lodigges and Sons of Hackney
received a plant of Oncidium longifolium
(now Trichocentrum longifolium) which
excited growers’ imagination – it had
flowered while hanging up in a ship’s cabin.
The first beginnings of the successful culture
of monopodial orchids (often referred to as
‘air plants’) began with plants being grown
in baskets and plunged into water rather
than in a pot in tan beds in the stove house.
Joseph Banks proposed growing them in
cylindrical baskets, in moss, with increased
light levels and Lodigges pioneered growing
orchids in glasshouses with hot water
heating. Plants were increasingly mounted
and seasonal growth began to be recognised
and the need to alter the watering regime
through the seasons. But although plants
were now grown in glasshouses, they often
had little or no shade.
Plants were sent to Kew still attached to the
pieces of tree on which they were growing
which helped growers to see their growth
habit in the wild. In 1830 John Lindley wrote a
paper on orchid cultivation which was the first
form of proper scientific research relating to
orchids. He suggested that well-drained soil,
humidity and high heat were needed.
Unfortunately, he considered the soil of little
importance and still grew the plants too hot
and too humid. Joseph Hooker (1817-1911),
Director of Kew, described Britain as the
‘graveyard of tropical orchids’. Orchids benefit
from a dynamic atmosphere, one which
changes, and this slowly began to be
understood. Improved information about
where and how orchids grew, including those
from cooler atmospheres, was supplied by the
plant collectors themselves.
James Bateman (1811-1897) developed the ideas
of seasonal change for orchids and the need
for shading during periods of high light. He
championed regular repotting and care in not
overwatering. In 1838 John Lindley commended
the cultivation of orchids at Chatsworth where
the great gardener Joseph Paxton had created
separate houses for different plants and grew
them at lower average temperatures and with
more ventilation than previously attempted,
along with higher humidity created by
damping down the floors.
In 1849 Thunia alba and Epidendrum
ellipticum were grown from seed at
Glasnevin in Ireland and this paved the way
John Dominy, who raised the first artificial orchid hybrid,
Calanthe Dominii
Thunia alba was one of the first orchids grown from seed
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 301
for hybridisation, with the successful
flowering of the first man-made orchid
hybrid, Calanthe Dominii, registered in 1858.
The publication of The Orchid Grower’s
Manual by B S Williams in 1852, offered the
collected wisdom about culture as plain and
practical information. The basic rules were:
seasonal rest, heat from piped hot water,
ventilation, humidity, correct potting and
water according to season. This may seem
obvious to us now but it was all learned
through trial and error.
Through publications such as the Botanical
Register and the Gardeners’ Chronicle, Joseph
Paxton and John Lindley began to disseminate
a huge volume of information. Amateurs were
beginning to experiment with ways of
bringing orchids into their lives and homes
and one late Victorian illustration depicts a
bay window converted into a terrarium or
mini-greenhouse. The modern-day
Phalaenopsis growing on our windowsills is
just the next stage in the evolution of our
orchid-growing habits. The democratization of
orchids, from the unobtainable to the
mundane, is now complete through the
commercial mass-production of inexpensive
plants in laboratories.
Paphiopedilum armeniacum discovered in China in 1982
However, new species continue to be
discovered in the wild, such as Paphiopedilum
armeniacum in China (1982) and
Phragmipedium kovachii in Peru (2002). In
2011 a night-flowering orchid, Bulbophyllum
nocturnum, was discovered in Papua New
Guinea; it has no commercial potential but
remains novel and intriguing. The power of
orchids to capture our imagination, challenge
and reward us, is the same today as it was
several hundred years ago.
Chelsea Physic Garden, 66 Royal Hospital
Road, London, SW3 4HS, admission £9.00. For
more information tel: 020 7352 5646 or visit
www.chelseaphysicgarden.co.uk
Phragmipedium kovachii discovered in Peru in 2002
302 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Simon Pugh-Jones is the inspiration behind the
Writhlington School Orchid Project (Photo by Sam Hurley)
September 2012
Simon Pugh-Jones – Orchid conservation
adventures in Laos
Mary-Jane Hawkins (Photos by Simon PughJones)
Simon Pugh-Jones talked to members about
orchid conservation in Laos and the
involvement of students from the Writhlington
School Orchid Project (WSOP). Writhlington
School were first contacted for help by the
Paksong Orchid Project (POP) in 2005, and
visited Laos in 2006 and for a second time in
2007. In 2008 Souk Southivong, who is setting
up and running the laboratory in Laos, visited
the WSOP to learn how to grow orchids from
seed. In 2011 Writhlington students returned to
Laos with the aim of commissioning the first
orchid laboratory there.
Souk Southivong working in the Paksong laboratory
with Writhlington students Rachel and Caroline
Paksong is located in the middle of the
Bolaven Plateau in the south of Laos. The
area, which is famous for its coffee growing,
is 1,200m above sea level and has a warm,
wet summer and a cooler, drier winter (so is
close to intermediate greenhouse conditions).
The laboratory was built a year and a half ago
with the aid of a grant of £1,500 from Orchid
Conservation International. It is a private
enterprise located in the basement of Souk’s
house. Souk is also developing the area
around the house into an orchid garden,
where Dendrobium compactum currently
grows on an old fence post and the trees are
full of Oberonia species.
The intention is to set up the secondary
forest behind the house as a reserve for the
project. There are still many wild orchids in
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 303
Laos and the trees nearby are full of orchids
including Bulbophyllum tortuosum and
Coelogyne trinervis. Other orchids the group
saw included: Dendrobium chittimae, Eria
tomentosa, the perfumed Pholidota
imbricata; Polystachya concreta (which has
colonised coffee plantations and is the only
Polystachya found in South East Asia); and
one of the Vanda family – Cleisostoma
teretifolium, which flowers over a long
period. One plant that appealed to Simon is
Eria pannea (now Mycaranthes pannea)
which has furry yellow flowers and crawls
over the trees. They also saw a few
terrestrials including Eulophia spectabilis
which was found flowering in a bomb crater.
The team from Writhlington consisted of
Simon Pugh-Jones, Lauren Gardiner from Kew
and four students. They took with them flasks
of Lao species and spent the first four to five
days completing work on the laboratory.
Once the laboratory was up and running, local
dignitaries and politicians were invited to
visit, dressed up in laboratory coats and given
a tour (and some whisky!) to see how Paksong
could benefit from the laboratory.
The orchids in Laos face various threats. The
Chinese medicine trade is one such threat;
Dendrobium pseudobulbs are frequently
used in stomach remedies and are in high
demand, so it is important to find ways of
making this supply sustainable.
Loss of habitat is another threat. Logging on
a large scale means that timber is being
taken from protected areas, leaving fewer
habitats for the orchids. On a smaller scale,
coffee farming means more forest is eaten
away. The forest is cut down and dried for
two months and then burnt, destroying not
only the trees but also any plants living
there. Investors from Japan and China are
buying up the forest for timber, emphasising
how important it is to buy timber which has
been ethically sourced.
Whilst they were in Laos, the team from
Writhlington arranged a rescue mission to an
area one and a half miles away from the
laboratory. They contacted the Japanese firm
to obtain permission to collect the orchids
left on the dead trees. This proved to be a very
emotional experience for the students,
knowing that any orchids left behind would
be burnt. Some really interesting varieties
were rescued including; Oberonia
anthropophora, Eria pannea (now
Habenaria rhodocheila would do well in the reserve
behind the laboratory
304 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Mycaranthes pannea), Eria discolor (now
Callostylis rigida), Dendrobium chrysotoxum
and D. christyanum. Once the orchids had
been rescued, they were sorted into species
and tied onto the trees in the reserve.
Finally, the horticultural trade still poses a
threat. Simon showed photographs of street
stalls which were small family concerns
selling wild-collected orchids to tourists.
These stalls have since closed down and been
replaced by orchid traders who collect to
order on a far larger scale. Chainsaws are used
to strip orchids including Vanda and
Dendrobium from their habitats and they are
then driven to Thailand by lorry to be sold on
the street. Many of these plants are then sold
under licence and find their way to Europe
‘legally’, so an orchid seen on eBay from
Thailand may well have its origins in Laos.
Souk is keen to evolve the laboratory into an
educational project involving the local
population and eventually fund transport for
the local schools to bring children to the
garden and the laboratory. The next stage for
the project is the exportation of flasks and
then full-sized plants. The WSOP are applying
to DEFRA to become an importer for the
project which would enable them to import
the orchids from Laos and sell them at events
such as the RHS London Orchid Show.
The plan is then to bring visitors to the POP
reserve; there are many beautiful and pristine
places close to Paksong including amazing
waterfalls 15 miles away. Tourist buses that
Dendrobium chrysotoxum was one of the many species rescued from trees felled for timber
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 305
Dendrobium chrysotoxum is one of the species collected in large quantities to be sold in Thailand
visit them could include the orchid laboratory
on their route. The areas round the waterfalls
have pockets of orchids including:
Spathoglottis affinis, a lithophyte which is the
most dominant orchid in October; Chiloschista
usneoides, a leafless species which
photosynthesises through chlorophyll in its
roots; and Liparis paradoxa (now Liparis
odorata) which grows in near-dark conditions.
Writhlington students are returning to Laos
the year after next so we shall look forward to
hearing about the progress of both the
laboratory and the orchids.
The Writhlington School Orchid Project
began over 20 years ago as an after-school
gardening club led from the start by teacher
Simon Pugh-Jones. For more information
visit www.wsbeorchids.org.uk
Chiloschista usneoides, a leafless species, growing on
coffee trees
306 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Table Show report
André Roux
June 2012
There seems scarcely a month in which
paphiopedilums do not feature on the
display table. In no way does this label them
ubiquitous, however – it rather signals their
diversity and continued standing in the
hierarchy of the most rewarding and popular
orchid genera. And at the very summit of the
slipper kingdom (or that of all orchids, some
might venture) is the so-called king of
paphiopedilums, Paphiopedilum
rothschildianum. This magnificent species
was named for Baron Ferdinand de
Rothschild and described in 1888, having
been introduced into England and Belgium
the previous year. It is native to Mount
Kinabalu in the north-west state of Sabah on
Malaysia’s island of Borneo. The plants
inhabit pockets of leaf-litter, grass and moss,
in ravines that largely comprise serpentine
rock. They nearly always grow near rivers or
streams and favour bright light and warm
temperatures. Paphiopedilum
rothschildianum takes several years to
mature before producing its tall
inflorescence of aristocratically handsome
flowers that, in the finest clones, can reach
30cm in width, are richly coloured and of
stately carriage.
with not only a breadth of cultural
information unavailable in literature but also
the opportunity to see species and hybrids in
the flesh, as it were. So, whether we’re
interested in Anguloa and Lycaste or not, we
should still recognise the privilege that has
been afforded us by Henry Oakeley’s interest
in these genera. Anguloa Wyld Chalice
(clowesii x cliftonii) was another of his eyecatching specimens, displaying 19 gold and
rust-red bulbous flowers with an
intoxicating, though not unpleasant scent of
oil of wintergreen. Val Micklewright
presented a singularly beautiful Angulocaste
(Lyc. Spectabilis x Angulocaste Paul Gripp),
the elegant bloom reminding me of lemon
sorbet in colour and, for some reason, Lalique
glass in texture.
As members of a society, we remain
fortunate in being able to call on the
expertise of individuals who choose to
specialise in a particular orchid. This
remarkable pool of experience provides us
Henry Oakeley’s Anguloa Wyld Chalice displays the
characteristic scent of anguloas – oil of wintergreen
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 307
July 2012
‘Outstanding’ is no exaggeration in
describing the sheer variety of plants on
display in July. Several were exhibited by Luis
Sousa, a new member who is passionate
about his established collection. Although he
favours cattleyas, it seems a few other
genera have stolen some of his focus. One
such exciting specimen was one of the Ghost
Orchids, Dendrophylax funalis, a Jamaican
representative of this New World genus of
about five species. It isn’t difficult to imagine
how, in the half-light, the comparatively
large flower, cast from the plant on its
inflorescence, might appear as an eerie
spectre. These orchids have no leaves and
photosynthesis occurs via chlorophyll in the
velamen of their roots. The epiphytic plants
enjoy warm temperatures under moderate
shade, gentle air movement and moist
conditions when the roots are in growth.
Cattleya violacea is a challenging species to
grow in temperate climes. It grows in jungle
along rivers at the northern and western
ends of the Amazon basin, or forest margins
in Venezuelan savannah habitat, occasionally
on rocks, and requires year-round high
temperatures, bright light and plentiful
moisture. Although the flowers forgo the
fanciful frills of many cattleyas, they remain a
showy, clean rose-purple that exudes
elegance. Often referred to as la Superba del
Orinoco, Cattleya violacea was first discovered
by Humboldt on that same river in Venezuela.
Huntleya burtii was a fitting reminder that a
year ago we were fortunate to welcome
Patricia Harding and learn about huntleyas
and their relatives. Pictures may convey a
thousand words but even they can fall short
in comparison with reality – the gleaming
lacquer of the almost gaudy blooms is
remarkable. This species is native to
Luis Sousa’s Dendrophylax funalis, one of the Ghost Orchids which have no leaves
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum is one of the most
stately of slipper orchids (Photo by Sam Hurley)
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 309
Guatemala through Central America,
Colombia and Peru, growing halfway up tree
trunks in tropical or cloud forests.
Maintaining healthy roots is the tricky key to
success with huntleyas as they should never
dry out or become waterlogged.
Luis Sousa’s Cattleya violacea requires high
temperatures, bright light and plentiful moisture
Luis did not have the benches to himself,
however, as our regular experts seldom
disappoint. David Thurtle’s Pabstia viridis, a
Huntleya-relative, was a beauty. The genus is
named in honour of Dr Guido Pabst, who
studied and compiled substantial
information about many Brazilian orchids.
Pabstia viridis is native to south-eastern Brazil
and was described in 1889. Pabstias can be
grown under similar conditions to
zygopetalums, shady and humid with
abundant water when active and less so
when the pseudobulbs have formed. And,
continuing last month’s procession of orchid
Luis Sousa’s Huntleya burtii needs careful management of its roots
310 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
royalty, David presented the sensational
queen of paphiopedilums, Paphiopedilum
sanderianum. The twisting, hairy petals,
which may reach 90cm in length, are little
short of extraordinary. First found by
Forstermann in Borneo and described in 1886,
the species was lost for nearly a century
before being rediscovered in and around
Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak.
The genus Aerides was created in 1790 and
most of its species are in cultivation,
particularly where temperatures are warmer.
Thankfully, Mike Penney takes pleasure in
this appealing, fragrant genus. Found in
semi-deciduous and deciduous low-elevation
forests from the eastern Himalayas through
to Vietnam, Aerides falcata is an epiphytic
species identified by its coriaceous, sickleshaped leaves. Interestingly, a former
member of this genus was also displayed,
David Thurtle’s Paphiopedilum sanderianum has
extremely long petals, up which insects climb to
pollinate the flower
David Thurtle’s Pabstia viridis can be grown under similar conditions to Zygopetalum
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 311
the charming Sedirea japonica. Separated
from Aerides by structural differences in the
column and lip, the generic name is in fact
Aerides spelled in reverse. Only two species
are known, with Sedirea japonica located in
southern Japan, South Korea and western
Yunnan province in China.
Mike Penney’s Aerides falcata is a member of an
appealingly fragrant genus
Rounding off this month’s excellent table
was the intriguingly named Dendrobium
chameleon. It hadn’t blended into its
surroundings, rendering it near invisible, or
astonished with an amazing unfurling lip to
aid pollination. It seems, somewhat
disappointingly, that the association relates
to a change in the colour of the flowers as
they age, from white to yellow. This is not
much compared to a similar characteristic in
other genera, Cyrtorchis being one, but it is
nevertheless a lovely species. Native to
Taiwan and the Philippines, it requires even
temperatures year-round and forgoes a dry
winter rest.
Veronica Buckingham’s Sedirea japonica is one of only two species in this genus
312 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Colin Carter’s Dendrobium chameleon is so called
because the flowers change colour as they age
Note from the treasurer
Sally Mill
minimise overhead costs so that as much
money as possible can be spent on things
beneficial to its members. As of November
2012, the Society will incur increased charges
that are being brought in for Credit and Debit
Card payments, and we would like as many
members as possible to consider alternative
means of paying their subscription. A costfree way is to set up a Standing Order at your
bank, so please consider paying by this means.
Sally Mill, OSGB Treasurer
Subscriptions
With this issue of the Journal, you will receive
a membership renewal form for 2013 (unless
you pay by Standing Order). Subscriptions for
the UK remain unchanged although there is a
slight increase in overseas subscriptions to
cover increased postage costs. In each case,
please add £4 for each additional family
member at the same address.
Single UK: £16
Single Europe + Russia: £21
Single Rest of World: £22
We would appreciate it if you could send
your subscription to the Membership
Secretary before the end of the year, so
that your membership card can be sent
with the next issue of the Journal.
Standing Orders
You will also see that a form to set up a
Standing Order has been included with this
issue of the Journal (unless you already pay by
Standing Order). The Society always tries to
314 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
PayPal – The Society is also going to set up a
PayPal account accessible through the
website. This will be an inexpensive and very
convenient way to pay your subscription if
you have access to the internet.
Colour Fund – This fund was started many
years ago to provide money for additional
colour pictures in the Journal. It has now
become of greater significance as the Society
is producing an all-colour Journal with an
increased number of pages with colour
photos. So, if you would like to help your
Society to continue producing the larger, allcolour Journal, please consider sending a
contribution to the Colour Fund.
Gift Aid – If you are eligible to join the Gift Aid
scheme and have not already ticked the Gift
Aid box, please tick the box on your renewal
form and help your Society to reclaim tax
from subscription money. Please also print
your name in full at the top of your renewal
form as the Gift Aid scheme requires this.
Correspondence – I would appreciate it if
members would enclose a stamped,
addressed envelope with any correspondence
that they send to the Treasurer or
Membership Secretary.
The Royal Horticultural Society
Orchid Committee
(June and July photos by David Ridgeway)
Full descriptions and illustrations of the
plants awarded by the Committee are
published in The Orchid Review. Subscription
details are available from the RHS, tel: 020
7821 3401, e-mail: [email protected] or
website: www.rhs.org.uk/orchidreview
The Committee met on 18 June 2012 at
Thenford House, Oxfordshire and agreed the
following awards:
Award of Merit
Anguloa Rolfei ‘Thenford’ (brevilabris x
cliftonii) raised and exhibited by Henry
Oakeley
Anguloa Rolfei ‘Thenford’ AM/RHS
Ed: This hybrid was bred by Henry Oakeley to
see if it was the same as the natural hybrid
(which is correctly written Anguloa x rolfei,
for which Henry gained an AM/RHS for the
cultivar ‘Saint Thomas’ a few years ago). The
cultivar ‘Thenford’ was redder than the
natural hybrid, but otherwise identical.
Masdevallia ignea ‘Lava Flow’, a species from
Colombia, exhibited by Ellis Eyre
Masdevallia ignea ‘Lava Flow’ AM/RHS
Botanical Certificate
Phaius flavus ‘Burnham’, a species from Asia,
exhibited by Burnham Nurseries
Phaius flavus ‘Burnham’ BC/RHS
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 315
The Royal Horticultural Society Orchid Committee
Anguloa Confusion ‘Thenford’ CCC/RHS
Henry Oakeley’s group of nine Anguloa species and hybrids received a Certificate of Appreciation
Certificate of Cultural Commendation
Certificate of Appreciation
To Henry Oakeley for Anguloa Confusion
‘Thenford’ (hohenlohii x brevilabris) raised
and registered by Pierre Bertaux and
exhibited by Henry Oakeley
To Henry Oakeley for a finely grown group of
nine Anguloa species and hybrids
316 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Masdevallia scobina ‘Alison’ AM/CCC/RHS
The Committee met on 7 July 2012 at the
East of England Show, Peterborough and
agreed the following awards:
Award of Merit
Masdevallia scobina ‘Alison’, a species from
Colombia, exhibited by Keith Kent
Paphiopedilum Lady Isabel ‘Oz’
(rothschildianum x stonei) exhibited by Mr I
Dorman
Stanhopea Assidensis ‘Foxdale’ (tigrina x
wardii) exhibited by Richard Hartley
Certificate of Cultural Commendation
To Mr R Dennis for Prosthechea vitellina ‘Ray
Dennis’, a species from Central America
Stanhopea Assidensis ‘Foxdale’ AM/RHS
To Hilary Hobbs for Stelis pilosa ‘Gina’, a
species from Central America
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 317
Paphiopedilum Lady Isabel ‘Oz’ AM/RHS
Prosthechea vitellina ‘Ray Dennis’ CCC/RHS
To Mr D Jackson for Aerangis citrata ‘June’, a
species from Madagascar
To Jo Kelleher for Stelis quadrifida ‘Patrick’, a
species from Central and South America
To Keith Kent for Masdevallia scobina ‘Alison’,
a species from Colombia
To Val Micklewright for Phragmipedium
Green Hornet ‘Rubes’
To Henry Oakeley for Anguloa brevilabris
‘Peterborough’, a species from Colombia
To Sara Rittershausen for Prosthechea
prismatocarpa ‘Burnham’, a species from
Central America
To Jean and Henry Wood for Rhynchostele
cordata ‘Jean’ and Rhynchostele cordata ‘Henry’,
a species from Central and South America
Stelis pilosa ‘Gina’ CCC/RHS
318 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Rhynchostele cordata ‘Jean’ CCC/RHS
Rhynchostele cordata ‘Henry’ CCC/RHS
Prosthechea prismatocarpa ‘Burnham’ CCC/RHS
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 319
Stelis quadrifida ‘Patrick’ CCC/RHS
Anguloa brevilabris ‘Peterborough’ CCC/RHS
320 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Phragmipedium Green Hornet ‘Rubes’ CCC/RHS
Aerangis citrata ‘June’ CCC/RHS
Oncidopsis Champs du Rey ‘Le Don de Carteret’ AM/RHS
The Committee met on 21 August 2012 at the
Chelsea Physic Garden and agreed the
following award:
Award of Merit
Oncidopsis Champs du Rey ‘Le Don de Carteret’
(Oncdps. Saint Aubin x Onc. Rozel) exhibited by
the Eric Young Orchid Foundation
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 321
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Deadlines: December 10th, March 10th,
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please contact Kim Solomon.
Tel: 0208 9464410,
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322 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
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2012
Saturday 17th November
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Our Bernhard range is 8’6” high and
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Tel: 024 7647 1228
Chantelle Orchids (UK) &
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8 Hob Lane, Burton Green, Warwickshire CV8 1QB
02477040337, 07510309646
[email protected]
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We provide a wide range of species, hybrids and
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We accept pre-orders for delivery at orchid
shows. Please visit our web site to find out
the shows we will be attending.
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 323
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A selection of reprints from The Orchid Album
The Orchid Album by Robert Warner, illustrated by John Nugent Fitch, was published
between 1882 and 1897. Capturing orchid varieties in their wild state, the album set the
standard for orchid illustration and cataloguing in the 19th century. Today, nearly 400 of
Fitch’s original watercolours for the Album are in the collection of the Natural History
Museum in London.
Michael Midgley has produced a selection of 24 re-prints from the Album. The plates are
custom-printed by hand on specially prepared A4 archival quality fine art watercolour
paper – made on one of the few cylinder mould machines left in the world. The overall
eﬀect is a high quality print close to the appearance of a John Nugent Fitch original. The
prints cost £14 each, plus postage and packing.
For a catalogue, please contact Michael Midgley, Calle Miranda de Cala Fons 13, Apt 304,
Es Castell 07720, Menorca, Spain. Tel: (0034) 971 364 292, email
[email protected]
“Just to let you know the prints have arrived safely – many thanks indeed. They are superb –
absolutely lovely”, Neville Roberts, Bournemouth Orchid Society
324 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
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Ray Creek (Orchids)
Laneside Hardy
Orchid Nursery
7 Jacklin Lane : Luddington :
Scunthorpe : DN17 4RB
Exciting list of species
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2 X 1st class stamps appreciated.
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We offer a wide variety of hardy
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For our on-line shop stock list; details of
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Alternatively contact
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Ecuagenera
Where beauty merges with life in the exquisiteness of orchids
Expert guided tours to Andean and Amazonian orchid Eldorados
Please check out our website for show dates and venues
email: [email protected]
Mr Roy Barrow is our UK agent, email: [email protected]
Pre-orders for the RHS London Show 12th -13th April 2013 have to
be submitted by Feb 20th
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 325
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Orchid tours in Thailand
Holidays designed especially for orchid enthusiasts
See orchids growing and flowering in their natural wild habitat
Orchids of the cool season - December 2012. This short tour is a modification of the tour we conducted for the
delegates of the world orchid conference in November 2011. It starts on Dec 8th and finishes on the 14th. It is
designed to show you the orchids flowering in the cool season taking you to explore habitats in the east of
Thailand. Some of the orchids that will be seen in flower include Cymbidium, Paphiopedilum and Pleione.
Spring flowering orchids - March 2013. This is our regular spring orchid tour conducted at a time when a large
number of orchids are flowering. This 15 night tour starts on March 4th and is split into two parts with the first
part exploring the habitats of northern Thailand and the second part the eastern habitats. This tour involves
several treks into orchid rich areas interspersed with excursions to orchid farms, botanical gardens and plant
markets - along with some interesting cultural outings.
We have been leading specialized orchid study tours in Thailand for 18 years and have now completed 36 tours.
More details available from:
MAE TANG ORCHIDS
[email protected]
4 Old Hall Gardens, Chester CH2 3AB, UK
You can view a slide show of a typical tour on our web site: www.theorchidman.com
Laurence Hobbs Orchids Ltd
Bailiffs Cottage Nursery, Hophurst Lane,
Crawley Down, W.Sussex RH10 4LN
Tel: 01342 715142 or Mobile 07961 350053
Near M25/M23/Gatwick Airport
• For quality Cattleyas, Paphiopedilums, Phalaenopsis, Dendrobiums, Cymbidiums
• Also a range of nursery raised and imported species and hybrids
• Many Cattleya hybrids, seedlings and mericlones from Carter & Holmes Inc. (USA) for
whom we are the sole UK Agents
Extensive choice, no order too small
Please send sae and £1 (redeemable) for black/white stock lists and
Carter & Holmes colour brochures
Plants supplied by Mail Order. Visitors welcome
Society/Group visits catered for, please ring in advance to arrange
Opening Times: Saturday & Sunday: 10am – 1pm and 2pm – 5pm
Please phone first to avoid disappointment
Monday to Thursday: open by appointment only
Closed Fridays and Bank Holidays
Open weekends: Sat 3rd/Sun 4th Nov and Sat 1st/Sun 2nd Dec
www.laurencehobbsorchids.co.uk
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 327
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328 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Index to Volume 61
No 1, pp 1–84; No 2, pp 85–168; No 3, pp 169–252; No 4, pp 253–336; S = Supplement 2012
Articles
Book reviews:
271
Growing Hardy Orchids
116
On the various contrivances by which British and foreign
orchids are fertilised by insects
272
38
Orchids of Brazil
Renziana, Journal of the Swiss Orchid Foundation
39
121
25th BOC Congress details
BETOC
201
British native orchids
28
Darlington & District Orchid Society’s visit to France 195
Dendrobium bigibbum
198
Dendrobium nobile
118
Elusive wild orchids in Vietnam
24
Fungus and orchid in perfect harmony
117
Gift Aid donations
158
Grammatophyllum multiflorum
103
Hinckley Orchid Society Show – report
223
292
Japan Grand Prix International Orchid Festival report 101
John Blowers’ book – Orchids
40
Jumellea francoisii
192
Kew’s orchids
112
Letter from the President
7, 90, 174, 258
Lizard sandwich, anyone?
268
London Orchid Show and OSGB Spring
Show 2012 – details
46
Napier Hall meetings
58, 136, 224, 296
New books for OSGB library
65
New judging schedule 2012
64
New members’ seminar
289
New Membership Secretary
117
News
4, 88, 172, 255
Note from the Programme Secretary
240
Note from the Treasurer
314
Obituary – Kenneth Chippendale
273
OSGB Autumn Show 2011 – report
48
OSGB Spring Show 2012 – report
202
Ottawa Orchid Society news
44
Peterborough International Orchid
Show 2012 – report
290
Phalaenopsis for a windowsill
32
280
Philippine orchids
217, 284
Photographic and art competition 2011 – report
53
274
Prints from The Orchid Album
244
Psychopsis papilio
52
Raby Castle Orchid Show – report
212
RHS London Orchid Show report
124
RHS Orchid Committee awards
66, 149, 241, 315
Sir Harry Veitch
108
Travels in Taiwan
208
World Orchid Conference stamp issue
22
Contributors
22, 195
Barker, Chris
Bates, Keith
223
Cootes, Jim
103, 198, 282
Correia, Diogo
208
Creek, Ray
292
108
Doy, Caradoc
Hawkins, Mary-Jane
53, 58, 137, 229, 296, 303
Hayes, Dusha
64
Hermans, Johan
101
Hoggarth, Judith
52
Hurley, Sam
4, 29, 40, 88, 112, 116,117, 172, 224, 256, 272, 298
la Croix, Isobyl
38
Merry, Maria
289
Micklewright, Val
244, 273, 290
Mill, Sally
48, 136, 314
Oakeley, Henry
7, 39, 90, 124, 174, 201, 202, 258, 271
Pugh, Valerie
46
Pugh-Jones, Simon
118, 121
Quesada-Pallares, Francis J
24, 240
Ressich, Gwyneth
217, 284
Roux, André
60, 144, 234, 268, 307
Sobkowicz, Rick
44
Solomon, Kim
212
Tiong, George
103, 198, 282
Watson, Eileen
32, 192
Williams, Peter
274
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Asendorfer Orchideenzucht
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Simply Control
Touchwood too
74, 160, 246, 323
74, 160, 246, 323
74, 160, 245, 322
74, 160, 246, 323
76, 162, 247, 325
78, 164
328
75,
81
161
76, 162, 247
78, 164, 245, 325
78, 164, 248, 327
159, 327
324
81, 159, 245, 322
79, 163
248
165
165, 249, 328
76, 162, 247, 325
77
76, 159, 246, 323
326
80, 165, 249, 328
80
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 329
Index to Volume 61
Illustrations
271
Aerangis citrata ‘June’ CCC/RHS
321
96
Aerangis luteoalba var. rhodosticta
Aerides falcata
312
220
Aerides quinquevulnera
297
Altensteinia fimbriata
270
Anacamptis pyramidalis forma alba
31, 270
Anacamptis pyramidalis
Angraecum sesquipedale
20
Anguloa – repotting, roots, bulbs, keikis, in Peru
90, 91, 92, 96, 97, 190, 191, 233
Anguloa brevilabris ‘Peterborough’ CCC/RHS
320
Anguloa Confusion ‘Thenford’ CCC/RHS
316
Anguloa leaf infected with virus
259
Anguloa leaves in greenhouse
267
Anguloa Rolfei ‘Thenford’ AM/RHS
253, 315
Anguloa species and hybrids CA/RHS
316
Anguloa Wyld Chalice
191, 307
Arundina graminifolia
19
Ascocenda Henry Oakeley
21
Barker, Jean
197
Barnard, Lord with Rachel, Dick Warren, Kim
Solomon and Chris Barker
216
Bletilla striata
231
Blowers, John
40
Bournemouth Orchid Society display
206
Brasiliorchis schunkeana ‘Eva Mary’ BC/CCC/RHS
71
Bratonia Aztec ‘Toni’ CCC/RHS
72
Bulbophyllum dayanum
277
Bulbophyllum nocturnum
4
Butler, Kevin
262
Caladenia flava
294
Caladenia longicauda
295
Caladenia reptans
295
Calanthe Beresford ‘Le Don Brocq’ AM/RHS
67
Calanthe bulb in coir
233
Calanthe Five Oaks ‘Grouville’ AM/RHS
69
Carter, Colin
207
Cattleya Binotii
85
Cattleya coccinea
121, 142
Cattleya dowiana var. aurea
57
Cattleya fidelensis ‘Mirjam’ BC/RHS
70
Cattleya grown to face the sun
8
Cattleya schroederae
147
Cattleya violacea
310
Cattlianthe Sagarik Wax ‘African Beauty’
62
Caularthron bicornutum
238
Charles Darwin’s greenhouse
273
Chiloschista usneoides
306
Christopher Bailes
299
Clowesia Grace Dunn ‘Amber’ CCC/RHS
151
Coelogyne assamica
51
Coelogyne cristata ‘Tinkitam’ CCC/RHS
157
Coelogyne cristata forma alba
121
Coelogyne fuscescens
51, 278
Coelogyne holochila ‘Luke Lucas’ CCC/RHS
157
Coelogyne lentiginosa
108
Coelogyne nitida
26
330 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Coelogyne speciosa subsp. incarnata
1
Coelogyne trinervis
275
Coelogyne xyrekes
202
203
Colman, Sir Michael and Lady
Colmanara ‘Masai Red’
53
143
Cranichis candida
292
Creek, Ray
266
Cremastra appendiculata
143
Cyclopogon elegans
Cymbidium Beauvalande ‘Fort Henry’ AM/RHS
152
Cymbidium Bellisimo ‘Pure’
262
Cymbidium Cali Night 'Geyserland'
333
Cymbidium Cliff Hutchings
130
Cymbidium hookerianum
111
Cymbidium hybrids
266
Cymbidium insigne
276
Cymbidium Plus Canyon
128
Cymbidium Rearson
263
Cymbidium Red Nelly ‘Devil’
263
Cymbidium Sarah Jean ‘Ice Cascade’ AGM/RHS
149
Cymbidium Sweet Devon ‘Sweet’ CCC/RHS
243
Cypripedium (kentuckiense x macranthos)
231
Cypripedium flavum
188
Dactylorhiza fuchsii
30, 54, 88, 229
de L’Obel, Matthias
264
Dendrobium anosmum
218
Dendrobium aphyllum
214
Dendrobium bigibbum
198, 199
Dendrobium brymerianum
27
Dendrobium chameleon
313
Dendrobium chrysotoxum
204
Dendrobium chrysotoxum
305, 306
Dendrobium cretaceum
234
Dendrobium crumenatum
286, 287
Dendrobium devonianum
26
Dendrobium griffithianum
138
Dendrobium harveyanum
169
Dendrobium infundibulum
275, 279
Dendrobium linguiforme
299
Dendrobium maccarthiae
94
Dendrobium nobile ‘Hatsue’
101
Dendrobium nobile ‘Writhlington’ CCC/RHS
118, 157
Dendrobium nobile
119, 233
Dendrobium primulinum
234
Dendrobium Rainbow Dance
‘Akazukin-Chan’ AM/RHS
98, 99
Dendrobium senile ‘Jenny’ BC/CCC/RHS
156
Dendrobium smillieae ‘Anja’ AM/RHS
69
Dendrobium Sonia
200
Dendrobium taurinum
287
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum
235
Dendrobium victoriae-reginae
10, 285
Dendrochilum latifolium ‘Grace Treble’ CCC/RHS
72
Dendrophylax funalis
309
Diuris brumalis
295
Dominy, John
301
Don, Monty
195
Doritaenopsis (I-Hsin Panda x Leopard Prince)
211
Doritaenopsis I-Hsin Waltz
210
Index to Volume 61
Dr Saitoh with his Papilionanthe teres
9
Dr Yukawa in the Tsukuba Botanic Garden greenhouse 11
Dracula vampira hybrid
232
150
Dryadella barrowii ‘Chloe’ BCC/CCC/RHS
Dryadella edwallii
214
298
Ecuagenera greenhouse
294
Elythranthera brunonis
293
Encyclia potted in coconut husk
236, 237
Epidendrum longipetalum
Epidendrum species in Ecuador
296
Epigeneium amplum
277
Epigeneium clemensiae
27
Epipactis gigantea
231
Erycina crista-galli
132
Eulophia stricta
217
Ezi-Gro Orchids exhibit
261
Fertilizer labels
59
Fischer, Jerry
172
Flooding at Peterborough show
290
Fuchs, Leonhart
264
Gardens by the Bay, Singapore
12, 13,
Gastrochilus calceolaris
117
Gastrochilus japonicus ‘Leia’ BC/RHS
71
Giverny, France
195
Gomesa marshalliana
141
Gongora scaphephorus
61
Gowland, Bob
213
Grammatophyllum multiflorum
03, 104, 105, 106
Grammatophyllum speciosum
288
Gray, Margaret
195
Growing Hardy Orchids
116
Growing under lights
137, 139
Gymnadenia conopsea
30
Habenaria rhodocheila
19, 304
Habenaria rodeiensis
143
Haraella retrocalla
63
Hashi, Mayumi
135, 181
Hayes, Dusha
207
Himantoglossum hircinum
268, 269
Hinckley & District Orchid Society show
223
HM The Queen and Dr Chris Nonis
174
HM The Queen with Oncidium alexandrae posy
252
Huntleya burtii
310
I-Hsin nursery, Taiwan
210
Jackfowlieara Appleblossom ‘Golden Elf’
238
Japan Grand Prix International Orchid Festival
101, 102
Jenkins, Darren
289
Johnson, Liz
176
Johnson, Sue
117
Judith Hoggarth’s Miltoniopsis hybrid photograph
257
Jumellea francoisii
192, 193, 194
Kelleher, Jo
184
Laelia anceps
145
Laelia gouldiana
260
Laeliocattleya Dorothy Elliott
100
Lea Valley Orchid Society display at LOS 2012
168
Lecoufle, Philippe
196
Lefley, Walter
99
Lepanthes calodictyon
115
Lepanthopsis astrophora
49
Librarian’s Cup
176
Lion paws of Sigirya
89
63
Liparis crenulata
Lycaste Abou Sunset
262
15
Lycaste Chita Impulse ‘Sakebi’ AM/RHS
152
Lycaste Shoalhaven ‘Saint Brelade’ AM/RHS
11
Lycaste skinneri at Abou Orchids
153
Lycaste URG (Hitomi x Shoalhaven) ‘Kizuna’ AM/RHS
Lyperanthus serratus
295
Martin, David
203
Martin, David with Cymbidium Sweet Devon
‘Sweet’ CCC/RHS
237
Masdevallia Funky ‘Beenak’ AM/RHS
241
Masdevallia ignea ‘Lava Flow’ AM/RHS
315
Masdevallia Richard Tongue by Janet Orme
215
Masdevallia scobina ‘Alison’ AM/CCC/RHS
317
Masdevallia Tuakau Candy
204
Masdevallia veitchiana
111, 224
Maxillaria shepheardii ‘Chelsea’ CCC/RHS
242
Mealy bug on Cattleya leaf
258
Mealy bug
185
Meeson, Stuart
48
Merry, Maria
289
Mexipedium xerophyticum
188
Mill, Sally
314
Millner, Helen
224
Miltonia cuneata
142
Miltoniopsis Hambye ‘Le Don Hettich’ AM/RHS
154
Miltoniopsis hybrid
55
Miltoniopsis watercolour
56
Neophytou, Diana
125
Neottia nidus-avis
20, 30
Ng, Wilson
45
Novaliches Road by Gwyneth Ressich
221
Oakeley, Henry and HRH Princess Alexandra
177
Oakeley, Henry
178, 336
On the various contrivances by which British and
foreign orchids are fertilised by insects
272
Oncidium alexandrae
175, 176
Oncidium Deloraine ‘Le Don Hilton’ AM/RHS
154
Oncidium heteranthum ‘White Wine Spot’ BC/RHS
71
Oncidium species in Peru
140
Oncidopsis Champs du Rey
‘Le Don de Carteret’ AM/RHS
321
Oncidopsis Champs du Rey ‘Le Don Huelin’ PC/RHS
70
Oncidopsis Mont Des Louannes
‘Grouville Village’ AM/RHS
242
Ophrys apifera
31, 54
Ophrys insectifera
28
Ophrys sphegodes
31, 230
Orchidée Vacherot and Lecoufle greenhouse
196
Orchids of Brazil
38
Orchidwoods exhibit, WOC 2011
84
Orchis militaris
29
Orchis simia
265
Ornithochilus difformis var. difformis
26
OSGB exhibit at LOS 2012
124, 125,126, 127, 167
OSGB exhibit at Peterborough show 2012
291
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 331
Index to Volume 61
Pabstia viridis
311
Paphiopedilum appletonianum
188, 205
Paphiopedilum armeniacum
187, 302
148
Paphiopedilum bullenianum var. bullenianum
Paphiopedilum charlesworthii
63
239
Paphiopedilum Clair de Lune ‘Edgard van Belle’
26
Paphiopedilum gratrixianum
144
Paphiopedilum insigne
318
Paphiopedilum Lady Isabel ‘Oz’ AM/RHS
Paphiopedilum philippinense
110
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum
308
Paphiopedilum sanderianum
311
Paphiopedilum Vieux Moulin ‘Le Don Picot’ AM/RHS
154
Paphiopedilum View Moulin
‘Le Don Le Masurier’ AM/RHS
154
Paphiopedilum villosum growing on tree trunk
278
Paphiopedilum wardii
49, 136
Papilionanthe teres
9
Parfitt, Zoe
121
Pecteilis hawkesiana
51
Phaius flavus ‘Burnham’ BC/RHS
315
Phaius tankervilleae
288
Phaius wenshanensis
24, 25
Phalaenopsis (Sogo Davis x World Class ‘Big Foot’)
135
Phalaenopsis 3D textile
57
Phalaenopsis growing on cork bark
267
Phalaenopsis keiki
98
Phalaenopsis Leopard Prince ‘Sogo Diamond’
138
Phalaenopsis lowii
50
Phalaenopsis schilleriana
281, 282
Phalaenopsis
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 123, 190, 191, 211
Phragmipedium Eric Young
50
Phragmipedium Giganteum
205
Phragmipedium Green Hornet ‘Rubes’ CCC/RHS
321
Phragmipedium Havre des Pas ‘Trinity’ AM/RHS
189
Phragmipedium Jason Fischer
186
Phragmipedium kovachii ‘Trinity’ FCC/RHS
66
Phragmipedium kovachii
302
Phragmipedium La Vingtaine ‘Le Don Le Gros’ AM/RHS 69
Phragmipedium lindleyanum
187
Phragmipedium Living Fire
197
Plastic gorillas on exhibit in Perth
263
Pleione maculata
277
Pleurothallis dodsonii
227
Pleurothallis species covered in dust
297
Post-WOC tour group
274
Prosthechea cochleata
189
Prosthechea fragrans
300
Prosthechea grammatoglossa ‘Estrela’ BC/RHS
71
Prosthechea prismatocarpa ‘Burnham’ CCC/RHS
319
Prosthechea prismatocarpa potted in coconut husk
293
Prosthechea vitellina ‘Ray Dennis’ CCC/RHS
318
Psychopsis papilio
52
Pterostylis curta
230
Pterostylis recurva
294
Pugh, Valerie
46, 184
Pugh-Jones, Simon
303
Quesada-Pallares, Francis J
240, 289
Raby Castle Orchid Show exhibits
213
332 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Raby Castle, County Durham
212, 216
Renanthera matutina
109
Renanthera philippinensis ‘Roger’ CCC/RHS
72
222
Renanthera storiei
Renziana, Journal of the Swiss Orchid Foundation
39
228
Restrepia citrina
225
Restrepia contorta
228
Restrepia seketii
Restrepia: diagram, osmophores, distribution 26, 227, 228
RHS Chelsea Flower Show, OSGB exhibit
178, 179, 180, 182, 183
RHS London Orchid Show 2012
128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134
Rhyncattleanthe Young-Min Orange
‘Hsiang Yu Orchids’ AM/CCC/RHS
155
Rhyncholaeliocattleya Ports of Paradise
44
Rhyncholaeliocattleya Taichung Beauty
93
Rhynchostele cordata ‘Henry’ CCC/RHS
319
Rhynchostele cordata ‘Jean’ CCC/RHS
319
Rhynchostylis gigantea ‘Hsiang Yu Orchids’ AM/RHS
155
Rhynchostylis gigantea
102
Rhynchostylis retusa
95
River Thames from Hartslock Nature Reserve
29
Roux, André
125, 182
Sakashita, Mariko with Dr Saitoh’s Cattleya
7
Sander, Peter
129
Sandwich Bay, Kent
269
Schoone, Klass
173
Sedirea japonica
312
Selenipedium aequinoctiale
187
Serapias (orientalis x neglecta)
204
Shih, Chantelle
206
Solomon, Kim
213
Southivong, Souk and Writhlington students
303
Spathoglottis plicata
284
Stanhopea Assidensis ‘Foxdale’ AM/RHS
317
Stanhopea Hautlieu ‘Le Don Renouf’ AM/RHS
67, 189
Stelis pilosa
224
Stelis pilosa ‘Gina’ CCC/RHS
318
Stelis quadrifida ‘Patrick’ CCC/RHS
320
Sudamerlycaste ariasii ‘Le Don Paton’ BC/CCC/RHS
68
Tainia penangiana
148
Taiwan International Orchid Show displays
208, 209
Tarantula at RHS Garden Wisley
203
The Glasshouse, RHS Garden Wisley
47
Thelymitra species
230
Thelymitra antennifera
294
Thunia alba and Thunia canes
115
Thunia alba flowers
301
Trendell, David with Cattleya (Scintillation x Bob Betts) 235
Trigonidium grande
296
Tropical Extravaganza at Kew 2012
112, 113, 114
Tsukuba Botanic Garden greenhouse
11
Vanda (now Euanthe) sanderiana
217
Vanda coerulea
110
Vanda lamellata var. boxallii
220
Vanda Miss Joaquim
8
Vandofinetia Pat Arcari ‘Janet’ CCC/RHS
72
Vanilla polylepis
115
Index to Volume 61
Vanilla pompona
Veitch, Sir Harry
Walker, Isobel
Walker, Saul
Watercolour by Barbara Everard
World Orchid Conference stamp issue
World Orchid Conference, Singapore 2011
266
109
197
181
201
22, 23
Writhlington School pupils
Writhlington School’s exhibit at LOS 2011
Wubben, Rianne with Jean Barker, Yves and
Florence Veniat
Zygopetalum hybrid
118, 121
6
197
146
14, 15, 16, 17, 18
Cymbidium Cali Night 'Geyserland' exhibited at the AOC Conference in Perth September 2012
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 333
Services to members
The Journal
Cultural Advice
Published quarterly
Available at all meetings, or by post from Val
Micklewright, 103 North Road, Three Bridges,
Crawley, West Sussex, RH10 1SQ (please enclose an
SAE for reply) or e-mail: [email protected]
Meetings
Held most months at Napier Hall, 1 Hide Place, (off
Vincent Street), Westminster, London, SW1P 4NJ.
Doors open at 13:30, and unless otherwise stated,
introductory session and cultural queries at
13:45−14:15 with guest speaker at 14:30. A
competitive table show takes place at all meetings,
except at the plant auction. Plants for judging must
be in place by 14:00. Non-competitive plants are
always welcome. Parking is currently free on
Saturdays on single yellow lines (do not park with
wheels on the pavement/kerb or alongside dropped
kerbs) and in Pay & Display bays, but DO NOT PARK
in Residents’ Parking bays. Meetings at which
members may bring plants to sell (with 10% to the
Society, please) are marked with an asterisk (*).
2012
13:45 Introductory session
14:30 Speaker: Jerry Lee Fischer –
Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium:
overview of species and culture
4 Nov
10.30 OSGB Autumn Show at Wraysbury
Village Hall, The Green, Wraysbury,
TW19 5NA
1 Dec* 12:00 Doors open for photographic, art
and table show entries
12:30 Christmas lunch, Photographic &
Art Competition and quiz
2013
14:30 Auction by Henry Oakeley
Members may bring four plants
each to be auctioned or six plants
per family membership
2 Feb* 13:45 Introductory session
14:30 Speaker: John Spires – Growing in a
small greenhouse
2 Mar* 13:45 Introductory session
14:30 Speaker: Steve Manning – James
Bateman, his peers and his orchids
6 Apr
The website has been designed by Marcel Kral of
Smallfish Designs. The Society’s website manager,
Sam Hurley, will be pleased to receive material for
the website, e-mail: [email protected]
Library
Books are available by post from the Librarian, Sam
Hurley, or can be collected at the monthly meetings.
They may be borrowed for up to four weeks. The
borrower is asked to pay the outward and return
postage. A full list of books may be found on our
website or obtained from the Librarian, e-mail:
[email protected]
Displays
3 Nov
5 Jan
Website www.osgb.org.uk
13:45 Introductory session
14:30 Speaker: Trey Sanders –
Dendrochilums: species and
general culture
334 • OSGBJ 2012, 61(4)
Members are invited to bring their plants to
contribute to official displays by the Society at those
shows shown in bold in the Show Diary, but please
liaise beforehand with Displays Manager, Jeanette
Beaney, e-mail: [email protected]
All articles and photographs in the Journal are the
copyright of the OSGB and the authors, and may not be
reproduced in any form without permission.
Opinions expressed in the Journal are those of the authors
and they, together with services and products offered by
advertisers, are not necessarily endorsed by the Society.
The Journal is produced quarterly and is available to
members by subscription only. The annual subscription is
£16.00 with £4.00 extra for each additional family member at
the same address. There is an overseas members’ postage
supplement of £5.00 for Europe + Russia, and £6.00 for the
rest of the world. Young person membership (under 21), UK
only, is £12.00. Back copies of the Journal are available (four
issues per year): £5.00 per year + p&p at cost for UK.
All subscriptions are due on 1 January unless new members
have a special arrangement to cover 18 months.
Membership application forms, standing order forms, Gift
Aid forms and back issues of the Journal may be obtained
from the Membership Secretary, e-mail:
[email protected]
OSGB Show Diary
including Affiliated Societies and International Shows
2012
7
North East of England OS Annual Show,
Bowburn Community Centre, Durham Road,
Bowburn, Durham, DH6 5AT. 11:00–16:00
Contact: Brian Coulson, tel: 0191 4207329,
7
West Cornwall OS Spring Show, ‘Blaythorne’
Holman Sports Club, Pendarves Road,
Camborne, Cornwall, TR14 7QG.
11:00–16:00.
Contact: Kit Lindsay, tel: 01209 717947,
12–13
RHS London Orchid and Botanical Art
Show, Royal Horticultural Halls, London
(preview evening Thursday 11 April,
show Friday 12 and Saturday 13 April).
Admission: RHS members £5, nonmembers £8, preview £12, website:
www.rhs.org.uk
13
Essex OG Spring Show, South Green
Memorial Hall, Southend Road, Billericay,
Essex, CM11 2PR. 13.30–16:00
Contact: Margaret Dalton, tel: 01702 218533,
November
4
OSGB Autumn Show in conjunction with
the Wraysbury Orchid Event, Wraysbury
Village Hall, The Green, Wraysbury,
Berkshire, TW19 5NA. 10:30–16:00
10
Essex OG Autumn Show, South Green
Memorial Hall, Southend Road, Billericay,
Essex, CM11 2PR. 13.30–16:00
Contact: Margaret Dalton, tel: 01702 218533,
24
OSGB visit to Burnham Nurseries, Newton
Abbot, Devon. See page 256 for details.
2013
February
16
North Bucks OS Annual Show, Flitwick
Village Hall, Flitwick, Bedfordshire, MK45 1HP.
11:00–16:00
Contact: Kate Bellingham, tel: 01234 824882,
23
Bournemouth OS Spring Show, Allendale
Community Centre, Hanham Road,
Wimborne, Dorset, BH21 1AS. 12:00–16:30
Contact: Chris Broomfield, tel: 07712
479056
May
4
Devon OS 38th Annual Show, Elizabeth Hall,
Esplanade, Exmouth, Devon, EX8 2AZ.
10.30–16:00
Contact: Nicola Wakley, tel: 01404 850354,
21-25
RHS Chelsea Flower Show,
website: www.rhs.org.uk
March
16
23
OSGB Open Spring Show, The
Glasshouse Gallery, RHS Garden Wisley.
10:30–16:00
Contact: Valerie Pugh, tel: 01403
251176, e-mail: [email protected]
Hinckley & District OS Spring Show, St John’s
Church Hall, 351 Coventry Road, Hinckley,
Leicestershire, LE10 0NP. 10:00–16:00.
Contact: Keith Bates, tel: 01455 446793,
e-mail: [email protected], website:
www.hickleydistrictorchidsociety.com
April
6
Solihull & District OS Annual Show, Arden
School, Station Road, Knowle, B93 0PT.
11:00–16:00. Entrance £2.00
Contact: Martin Ball, tel: 01564 822897,
2014
April
13
West Cornwall OS Spring Show, ‘Blaythorne’
Holman Sports Club, Pendarves Road,
Camborne, Cornwall, TR14 7QG.
11:00–16:00.
Contact: Kit Lindsay, tel: 01209 717947,
(please note change of weekend)
Further Diary Dates can be found via the OSGB
website: www.osgb.org.uk and the British Orchid
Council website: www.british-orchid-council.info/
OSGBJ 2012, 61(4) • 335

The Orchid Society of Great Britain

Transcription

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