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MD 2012
Tacitus and Cassius Dio wrote that both the Roman
Governor, Suetonius Paulinus, and Boudicca made
speeches to their troops before they went to war.
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Boudicca
Why was Boudicca defeated?
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So why were the Romans,
with so few men, able to
crush Boudicca’
Boudicca’s revolt?
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The Roman soldiers were well trained
and well prepared for battle.
It’s not unusual to have a woman lead an army in this
country. But I am leading you today to avenge not the
seizure of my wealth and power, but as a woman who
suffered the torture and dishonour of being beaten. Roman
greed and savagery is now such that nothing is sacred any
more …… neither person or age. On this field we must
conquer or die. That’s what this woman is determined to
do……… even if men choose to live and become slaves.
Ignore the noise and empty threats of the barbarians.
There are more women than men in the enemy ranks. They
are unwarlike and unarmed and will break immediately
before you, once they recognise the steel will and the
bravery of the people who conquer them. Now is your
chance – few men that you are – to win glory. As long as you
keep in close order, using your swords and shields to pile up
the dead on the other side. Fight as one and you will win.
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The Celts were fierce warriors. They were enraged
and determined to have their revenge.
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Can you remember
why the Celts
wanted revenge?
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The Celts did however have one weapon that was
terrifying. This was the chariot which was driven at
speed by a charioteer, with a warrior beside him
brandishing his weapons.
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It’s only fault was that it
needed lots of space to be
effective - in close fighting
it was useless.
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The Romans were disciplined
and trained soldiers who
knew how to fight in battle.
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The Celts were more used
to rushing headlong into
battle, slashing at the
enemy around them.
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Pictures show Boudicca in a chariot while
commanding her army.
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Many years after the event, Tacitus wrote that
80,000 Celts had been killed but only 400
Romans. The loss of so many warriors brought
Boudicca’s rebellion to an end.
Once they were trapped, Boudicca’s army couldn’t
escape. They were hemmed in by their own wagons
which they had parked behind them so that their
families could watch the battle.
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The battlefield was
confined on both
sides by woodland
and a narrow pass.
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The warrior could leap from the chariot to fight,
then leap back on and speed off again. However,
the real purpose of the chariots was to terrify the
enemy because chariots were useless against well
trained soldiers.
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When battle the began, Boudicca’s soldiers
struggled to fight back. Their weapons were no
match for the deadly blows from the Roman short
swords.
Then the Celts
realised that
they were
trapped and
could not escape.
Every Roman soldier wore armour and carried two
javelins and a shield. At the rear of the army, there
were supplies of spare weapons and water.
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Wales
The Roman, Suetonius Paulinus thought of the Celts
with contempt. Tacitus wrote that Suetonius
Paulinus told his men:
They were no match for a disciplined army.
Boudicca’s warriors would have carried either large
swords, spears, axes or knives but they couldn’t
use their weapons when they were tightly packed
together in combat. In close combat the Roman
short swords and shields were much more effective.
Only the Celts who fought
at the front had metal
helmets, body armour
and shields. The rest
had no armour at all.
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There were also surgeons to treat
the injured Romans.
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Suetonius Paulinus
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The Romans had 10,000 men but the Celts had
many times that number. There may have been as
many as 200,000 Celts, women as well as men.
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Tacitus wrote that Boudicca mounted her chariot
with her two daughters, rode up to tribe after tribe
and said……..
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As a result of the revolt, all the land of the Iceni
was put under Roman rule. The Emperor sent more
soldiers to prevent any further outbreaks of
rebellion.
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Towns were rebuilt
and camps and forts
were built along the
main routes and
linked by good,
straight roads.
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Many Celts fled to the north but some moved into
the towns and adopted the Roman way of life,
farming or joining the Roman army.
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Britain was now the Roman Province of ‘Britannia’
- a province of the Roman Empire. It was ruled by
a governor and divided up into territories, military
settlements and towns.
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The Roman army kept strict control but gradually
Roman rule became much fairer. Many Celts
adapted to the new, Roman way of life.
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Boudicca was not
forgotten.
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Dio Cassius wrote
that her people gave
her a splendid burial
and, even today, she
is remembered.
There is a statue
of Boudicca in London
that shows her in
her chariot.
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