Group 2 Jaymie, Kambria, Vita, Jordynn

Group 2
Jaymie, Kambria, Vita, Jordynn
Lymphatic System
Functions
● Transports excess fluid from tissues back into the
cardiovascular system
● Filters out harmful bacteria and other foreign
substances
● Destroys and removes old red blood cells.
Parts
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Right lymphatic duct
Lymphatic vessel
Thoracic duct
Lymph node
Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen
Right Lymphatic duct
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Receives lymph from the right side
Carries lymph to the neck and heart
Lymphatic Vessels
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Branch like pattern through the
body
Located in almost all tissue
and organs
Similar to blood vessels
Thoracic duct
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Largest duct in the whole body
Collects almost all the lymph
Thoracic Duct
Lymph node
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Oval - shaped organs
Located throughout the body
Produce lymphocytes and antibodies
Tonsils
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Three pairs of tonsils
Palatine Tonsils
Pharyngeal Tonsils
Lingual Tonsils
Thymus
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To resist disease during childhood
Trains and develops T - Cells
Spleen
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Stores red blood cells
Destroys and removes dead red blood cells
Red blood cells pass through narrow
passages in the organ
Normal physiology
● LYMPH
Forms fluids that spread into the body tissues
● LYMPHATIC VESSELS
Forms vein like patterns that allow the fluid in tissues to flow between them
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LYMPH NODE
Filters out impurities
TONSILS
Produces lymphocytes and filters foreign substances
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SPLEEN
Stores red blood cells which are released during heavy bleeding, also
destroys old red blood cells
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THYMUS
Fights disease during childhood, waste away after puberty to form fat and
connective tissue
Normal physiology
● THORACIC DUCT
largest duct, collects all the lymph in the
body
● RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
Carries lymph to the neck and heart
Allergies
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when the body has a hypersensitive
response to an outside substance that
is otherwise harmless.
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Causes
Allergens
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Symptoms
Difficulty breathing, runny nose, itchy
eyes, hives, rashes
Death
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Treatment
Desensitization to allergen
Anti-inflammatory medication
Autoimmune Disease
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a condition in which the body's immune
system turns against itself. It mistakenly
attacks normal cells in the body.
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Causes
Cause not known.
Hereditary
Viruses
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Symptoms
Changes depending on the disease
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Treatment
Medication to supress immune response
Steroids to relieve inflammation
Hodgkin’s Disease
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A chronic disorder of the lymph nodes.
It is the most common tumor found in
lymph tissue.
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Causes
Not known, but is thought to be a
virus.
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Symptoms
painless swelling of the lymph nodes,
fever, weight loss, fatigue, and itching.
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Treatment
Chemotherapy and radiation
Nervous System
Vita,Kambria,Jaymie
Function
Nervous system main function is to coordinate all of the
body’s activities, so when something goes wrong inside or
outside the body, the system allows it to recognize and
respond as needed.
Parts of the nervous system
Neuron-its job is to transmit a message from one cell to the next.
Dendrites-conduct impulses toward the cell.
Axons-conduct impulses away from the cell
Sheath-protects the axons and speeds up the impulses as it travels.
Neurons
there are three different types of neurons
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Afferent-(sensory neurons) They carry messages from all parts of the
body to the brain and spinal cord.
Efferent- (motor neurons) They carry messages from the brain and spinal
cord to the muscles and glands.
Associative- (interneurons) They carry messages from afferent neurons
to efferent neurons.
Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System- consists the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System- consists of nerves that reach all
of the body. Has 2 main branches Automatic
and Somatic
nervous system.
nervous system
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Brain
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Cerebrum
Diencephalon(Thalamus,Hypothalamus)
Cerebellum
Brain stem (midbrain, pons,medulla oblongata)
Nervous system
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Diseases
Myasthenia Gravis- Disease where the proper nerve
pulses are not sent to muscle.
Cerebrovascular Accident- Happens when there is no
blood flow and oxygen to the brain.
Multiple sclerosis- Disease of the central nervous system.results in progressive
loss of muscle control
Endocrine System
Define and Describe
● Consists of glands that secrete hormones
● Hormones coordinate and direct specific activities of
the body.
Parts
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Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Parathyroid glands
Ovaries
Testes
Thymus
Pancreas
Pineal body
Pituitary gland
● “Master gland”
● Anterior Lobe
● Posterior Lobe
Thyroid gland
● Body metabolism
● Reduce calcium in
blood
● 2 lobes
● Isthmus
● Iodine
Parathyroid glands
● Backside of thyroid
● Parathormone
● Calcium
Adrenal glands
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One above each kidney
Adrenal cortex
Outer section
Glucocorticoids
Mineralcorticoids
Androgens
Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Ovaries
● Female sex
glands
● Menstruation
● Secondary sexual
characteristics
Testes
● Male sex glands
● Scrotal sac
● Male sexual
characteristics
Thymus
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Above the heart
Thymosin
Immune system
Wastes away
during puberty
Pancreas
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Behind the stomach
Insulin
Glucagon
Endocrine & Exocrine
Pineal body
● Located deep within
the brain
● Melatonin
Normal physiology
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Pituitary Gland:
Growing and Stimulating the thyroid gland
Thyroid Gland:
Metabolism and calcium should be regulated
Parathyroid Glands:
Maintains calcium and phosphorus in the blood
Adrenal Glands:
Divided into Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla
Ovaries:
Regulate menstruation and secondary
Testies:
Regulate sexual characteristics in men
Normal physiology
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Thymus:
Produces a hormone Thymosin to stimulate cells in the immune system
Pancreas:
Produces Insulin and glucose
Pineal Body:
Produces a hormone that affects the sleep cycle and delay the onset of puberty
Hyperthyroidism
● The thyroid is
overactive
● The eyes looked
bulged out
● A goiter
Hypothyroidism
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Thyroid is underactive
Brittle nails
Thinning of hair
Pale or dry skin, that may be
cool to the touch
Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1)
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Can occur at any age
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Symptoms:
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Hunger
Fatigue
Blurred vision
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Treatment:
Injection of insulin daily
Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2)
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Linked to obesity
Most common in ages 45 and over
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Symptoms:
Increased thirst
frequent urination
Hungry
Fatigue
Blurred vision
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Treatment:
Oral medication
Exercise
Weight loss
Insulin injections
Muscular System
Define and Describe
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The Muscular system contains about 600 muscles!
It provides about 40% of the person’s body weight.
Helps with body movement
Supports body posture
Produces heat and energy
Protects internal organs
Helps blood, food, and waste products through the body
Opens and closes body openings
Types of Muscles
1. Caradiac
2. Visceral (or smooth)
3. Skeletal
Cardiac Muscle
● Forms the wall of the heart
● Responsible for pumping the blood through the heart
into the body
● Can not be controlled consciously
Visceral (smooth) Muscle
● It’s found in hollow organs
● Contracts to produce movement
● Lines certain organs in the body
Skeletal Muscles
● Are attached to bones by tendons
● Helps with body movement
Normal physiology
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Visceral
Organs are contracting to help substances move
Cardiac
The heart is beating and contracting blood
Skeletal
You can control the movement of your body
Muscle strain
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Torn or stretched muscles or tendons
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Cause
Muscles being usedtoo suddenly or for too
long
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Symptoms
Pain and swelling from bleeding inside the
muscle
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Treatment
rest, elevation, muscle relaxants or pain
medications, and alternating hot and cold
applications.
Fibromyalgia
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a group of muscle disorders with chronic
pain in specific muscle sites.
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Causes
Exact cause not known, but is affected by
stress, weather and poor physical fitness.
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Symptoms
Pain, fatigue, headache, feeling of numbness
and tingling. There is NO inflammation.
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Treatment
Rest, reducing stress, massage, exercise,
medication to reduce swelling and pain
Muscular Dystrophy
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a group of inherited diseases in which the
muscles gradually atrophy
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Causes
Hereditary
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Symptoms
Painless, progressive muscle weakness.
Mild to severe disability
Death
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Treatment
No cure
Medication
Physical therapy
Corrective surgery