PGSRET-2015 - International Islamic University, Islamabad

Transcription

2015
2nd International Conference on
Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies
(PGSRET-2015)
10th - 11th June 2105
Abstract Book
Partners :
Venue:
Faisal Mosque Campus
E-7 Islamabad, Pakistan.
2nd International Conference on Power
Generation Systems and Renewable
Energy Technologies
(PGSRET-2015)
10th – 11th June, 2015
Islamabad, Pakistan
Organized by
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
i
Steering Committee:
Rector, IIUI – Patron
President, IIUI
VP Academics, IIUI
VP Higher Studies & Research, IIUI
DG Admin Finance & Planning, IIUI
Prof. Dr. Amir Qayyum, Chair, Professional Activities, IEEE
Organizing Committee:
Prof. Dr. Aqdas Naveed Malik, IIUI – Chairman
Dr. Saeed Badshah, IIUI – Secretary
Dr. Ihsan Ul Haq, IIUI – Treasurer
Prof. Dr. Azzam ul Asar, Chair PES, IEEE Islamabad
Prof. Dr. Ahmad Shuja Syed, IIUI
Prof. Dr. M. Afzal Khan, IIUI
Prof. Dr. M. Amir Khan, IIUI
Dr. Syed Athar Masood, IIUI
Dr. Rizwan Nazir, IIUI
Dr. Rafi Ullah Khan, IIUI
Dr. Suheel Abdullah Malik, IIUI
Mr. Sajjad Ahmad, IIUI
Mr. M. Amjad Khattack, IIUI
Mr. Sakhi Jan Khalil, IIUI
Mr. Abbas Raza, IIUI
Mr. Aasar Ahmad, IIUI
Mrs. Saba Hameed, IIUI
Mr. Khurshid Alam, IIUI
Mr. Khalid Mehmood Raja, IIUI
Mr.Hairan Khattak, IIUI
Mr. Adnan Khan, ORIC IIUI
Technical Committee:
Prof. Dr. Adnan I.O. Zaid, University of Jordan
Prof. Dr. A.H. Yosri Mashal, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.
Prof. Dr. Mohd. Nasir Tamin, UTM Malaysia
Prof. Dr. Omar bin Yaakob, UTM Malaysia
Prof. Dr. Akhtar Kalam ,Victoria University, Melbourne Australia
Prof. Dr Brig. A. Ghafoor, NUST, Islamabad
Prof. Dr. Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi, AU, Islamabad
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ijaz, Hitec Uni., Taxila
i
Prof. Dr. Zafar M. Khan, IST Univ., Islamabad
Prof. Dr. M. Nawar Khan, NUST, Islamabad
Prof. Dr. M. Zafarullah Koreshi, AU, Islamabad
Prof. Dr. Shahab Khushnood, UET, Taxila
Prof. Dr. M. Zubair Khan, IST Univ, Islamabad
Prof. Dr. Syed Kamran Aafaq, Hitec Univ., Taxila
Prof. Dr. M. Abid, COMSAT Univ., Wah
Dr. Qasim Zeeshan, Adjunct Faculty, IST, Islamabad
Dr. Muhammad Adil Khattak, UTM Malaysia
Dr. Muhammad Uzair Khan, Secretary IEEE, Islamabad Section
Sponsors
ii
Foreword
It gives me immense pleasure to welcome you all to the 2nd international conference on
Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET-2015)
being organized by the Faculty of Engineering and Technology, International Islamic
University Islamabad IIUI. The aim of the conference is to bring together scientist,
engineers, experts and academics from around the world in order to share and present
their ideas and scientific information on all topic related to the power generation and
renewable energies.
This time PGSRET received a total of 278 national and international research articles.
After a thorough and rigorous review process, only 82 high quality papers were
accepted that correspond to an acceptance rate of 29%. I am pleased to share that
scholars from more than 10 countries have opted this platform for presenting their
research and development work. Out of the total accepted papers, 15 presenters are
from other countries making the international contribution about 18%.
The success of PGSRET 2015 depends completely on the efforts, talent and the team
work of the organizing committee and their helpers who put much effort into planning
this event. In addition to their routine responsibilities, they work hard to take care of
everything starting from the call for paper till conducting the final proceeding of the
conference. Praise is also deserved for the external reviewers who invested significant
time in assessing, analyzing multiple papers to ensure the high standard of this
conference.
I would like to acknowledge the role of International Islamic University, Higher
Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan, IEEE Islamabad section, Habib Bank Limited
(HBL), SANCO and EES who generously sponsored this conference which greatly
helped us to organize this important event. Without the financial support of these
sponsors, PSSRET 2015 would have not been possible.
Finally, I am hopeful that the proceeding will provide a good platform for sharing the
results, ideas and technical information of research and development efforts at both
national and international level. I am also sure that it will also provide you an insight in
other emerging areas of power and renewable energies.
Prof. Dr. Aqdas Naveed Malik,
Chairman PGSRET 2015
iii
Contents
NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY
1
Multi-group Cross section for New Group Structure Using Weighting Spectrum for Sodium Cooled Fast
Reactor
2
4S Reactor: An Educational Model for Universities a Gen IV Reactor - Super Safe Small and Simple
2
Nuclear Education and Training for Nuclear Power Program
3
Radioactive Waste Analysis of CNPP-1 (PWR) Spent Nuclear Fuel
4
Spent Fuel Analysis of Material Test Research Reactor using ORIGEN2 Computer Code
5
Study of Gamma Irradiation Effects on Co-axial Cables
6
Monte Carlo EGS5 Simulations of High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector
6
Role of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies in Meeting the Growing Energy Demands
7
OCEAN ENERGY AND HYDRO POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND
TECHNOLOGIES
8
Investing in Hydro Power Sector for Pakistan’s Energy Security
9
Design and Experimental Validation of Horizontal Axis Ocean Current Turbine
9
Design and Structural Analysis of Vertical Axis Ocean Current Turbine
10
Economic Evaluation of Tarbela Dam
10
Design and fabrication of wave energy power plant using oscillating water column technique
11
RENEWABLE ENERGY
12
SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES
12
Thermal Performance of Solar Pond in Heat Extraction mode for climate of Taxila
13
Techno-Economic Analysis of wind energy generation for 50 MW Wind Farm in Jiwani, Balochistan
using ARIMA models and RETScreen
13
Performance of Grid-Integrated Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell/ Electrolyzer/Battery Hybrid Power System 14
PV based PHEVs Smart Charging Station Facility
15
Performance Analysis of Static Transfer Switch using MATLAB/Simulink
16
Economic Analysis of a Small Hybrid Power System
16
Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: Hybridization and Advance Control
17
iv
Analysis of Repetitive Control of Grid Connected Inverter
18
Economic Power Generation for an off-grid site in Pakistan
18
Review of Solar Thermal Water Heater simulations using TRNSYS
19
Comparative Analysis of Multi-Input DC/DC Converter Topology for Hybrid Renewable Energy
Systems
20
Non-Inductive DC-DC Regulated Boost Converter as Battery Charger for Photovoltaic Installation
20
A Simple and Economical Design of Micro-Hydro Power Generation System
21
Smart Grid—Energizing Towards a Greener Future
22
Modeling of wind power plant using MATLAB
23
Quaid-e-Azam Solar Power Park: Prospects and Challenges
23
Analysis and Optimization of 132KV Grid Using ETAP
24
Comparison Based Distributed Generation Implementation Algorithm for the Performance
Enhancement of Radial Distribution System
25
Design Optimization and Experimental Investigation of Solar Assisted 1 Ton (3.516 KW) Vapor
Absorption Air Conditioning System
26
Power Optimization of Pseudo Noise Based Optical Transmitter Using
27
Power Consumption Measurement & Configuration Time of FPGA
28
RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM
29
ASPECTS OF MATERIAL AND STRUCTURES
29
Dielctric Properties of Transformer Oil based Silica Nanofluids
30
CFD analysis of a Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
30
Low cost and non-toxic preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber material for thin film photovoltaics and
studies its structural and thermal properties
31
Power Economic Dispatch Using Particle Swarm Optimization
32
A Survey of Control Strategies for Implementation of Optimized and Reliable Operation of Renewable
Energy Based Microgrids in Islanded Mode
33
Generation of Isolated DC Voltage Sources for Multilevel Inverters
34
Smart Solar AC Generator without Inverter
35
Design and Implementation of prototype of Resonant DC to DC Converter for Telecom Applications 36
Analysis of impact induced damage in composites for wind turbine blades
37
v
Investigation of the effects of calcination temperature on structure of LaMgAl11O19 for thermal
barrier coating applications
38
ENERGY SYSTEM
39
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
39
Technical and financial analysis of 50MW wind farm at Gwadar, Balochistan
40
Investigation of thermal behaviour and kinetic analysis of Pakistani biomass: Rice husk, sugarcane
bagasse and wheat straw using thermogravimetric analysis
41
Study of Scope and Effects of Isolated Small Distributed Generation Sources and their Integration
With Existing System
42
Economic Planning of Network for Integration of Renewable: A Review
43
Optimal Electric Vehicle Load Management for Minimization of Losses
44
Reduction in Building Energy Requirements by Modern Energy Conservation Techniques
44
Heating/Cooling Degree Days and Building Energy Consumption in Pakistan
45
COPE: Cooperative Power and Energy-efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
46
Utilization of Geothermal Energy in Jordan
47
The Status and Prospectus of Renewable Energy in Palestine
48
Geothermal Energy in Palestine Practical Applications
49
FOSSIL FUELS POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY
50
Heat Estimation of Road Side Herbs: GT Road, Wah Cantt.
51
Prospects of Bagasse as a Feasible Bio-fuel for Electricity Generation in Pakistan – A Realistic
Approach
51
The cost for economic growth: A study on the Energy Demand of Pakistan using TIMES
52
Effect of increase in Utility Price on feasibility of a Power Generation Project
53
Protection of Distribution Systems with Significant Penetration of Distributed Generation
53
MIXED TOPICS
Efficient Multiple Lines Outage Detection in SmartGrid
55
56
Implementation and Performance Analysis of two MPPT Algorithms based on Push-Pull Converter 57
Non- Linear Analytic Approaches of Power Flow Analysis and Voltage Profile Improvement
58
Solar Power Remote Monitoring and Controlling Using Arduino, LabVIEW and Web browser
59
Simulation, Design and Fabrication of an Efficient Single phase Transformer
60
vi
Optimization based Individual and CooperativeDSM in Smart Grids: A Review
61
DC Voltage regulator for battery less PV system using PPT
62
CFD Analysis of Flow Blockage through Coolant Channel of Part-I
62
Robust Fault Detection of Linearized Power Grid Network System
63
Voltage Profile – A study related to Sustainability to the Customers
64
vii
Session 1
Nuclear Power Generation System and
Technology
1
PGSRET 209
Multi-group Cross section for New Group Structure
Using Weighting Spectrum for Sodium Cooled Fast
Reactor
Muhammad Sohail1, Myung Hyun Kim2
1
Department of Nuclear Engineering,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Nilore, 45650 Islamabad
2
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyung Hee University,
446-701, Republic of Korea
1
[email protected]
The cross section data is the primary requirement to carry-out multi-group calculations
for nuclear reactor design and analysis. The multi-group cross section data library is
generated for a Multipurpose Experimental Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor (MESOF). A
specific flux weighting spectra is used for point averaging the cross section obtained
from Evaluated Nuclear Data Files (ENDF/B-VII.0). A new group structure is formed
and well-known established procedure for nuclear data processing is adopted. The
multi-group
calculations
are performed using diffusion and transport theory based
codes for sodium cooled fast reactor with new and existing multi-group data libraries.
The calculations have shown improved results for multiplication factor.
Keywords—Nuclear Cross section Data; Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor; Neutron Flux
Spectra
PGSRET 92
4S Reactor: An Educational Model for Universities a
Gen IV Reactor - Super Safe Small and Simple
Zafar Ullah Koreshi
Air University, E-9, Islamabad.
[email protected]
An educational model of a small compact 4th-generation nuclear reactor is presented for
use as an educational model in universities. For the full-scale power reactor of 10
MWe, a Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to determine the fluxes in the core.
The reactor is at the stage of commercialization in the near future and presents a
promising option for countries like Pakistan where substantial off-grid populations are
2
deprived of electricity from the national grid. It is also a safe nuclear power system free
form the past problems of waste handling or proliferation worries.
Keywords—Gen IV nuclear reactor
PGSRET 195
Nuclear Education and Training for Nuclear Power
Program
R. Khan1, Q. S.M. Ziaulhaque2, G. Jaffar3
1Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences,
Islamabad
2Karachi Institute of Power Engineering (KINPOE), Karachi
3CHASNUPP Center for Nuclear Training (CHASCENT), Kundian
Pakistan has been facing an acute energy crisis that affects public life and progress of
the country. Nuclear power being a safe, clean and reliable source of electricity has a
key significance to provide base-load electricity and minimizes the oil, gas and coal
imports. Therefore, national policy of Pakistan emphasizes to increase in nuclear share
from 800 MWe to 8800 MWe by 2030. The implementation of national policy leads to
the demand of skilled and qualified man power. To achieve the nuclear power targets in
the country, the availability of adequately qualified manpower is essential. Three
institutes Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Karachi
Institute of Power Engineering (KINPOE) and Chashma Centre for Nuclear Training
(CHASCENT) are providing sustainable nuclear education and training programs for
nuclear power sector. This paper highlights the nuclear education
programs
to
and
training
develop, enhance and maintain the skilled manpower for the national
nuclear power program at these institutes.
Keywords—nuclear education and training, PAEC, PIEAS, KINPOE, CHASCENT
3
PGSRET 204
Radioactive Waste Analysis of CNPP-1 (PWR) Spent
Nuclear Fuel
A. Gillani1, M. N. Khan2, R. Khan3
1Department of Nuclear Engineering,
2,3Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad.
Nuclear power is safe, reliable, environment friendly and large scale energy generating
technology. But it is also a fact that the public serious concern about the
management of radioactive waste is associated with this technology. The spent
nuclear fuel is being safely stored at nuclear power facilities for about 50 years. It has
not yet decided whether the used fuel is treated as a resource or waste.
About 96% of Uranium is still present in the fuel when it is removed from the reactor.
The spent fuel composition depends on the initial amount of fuel, irradiation time and
power of the reactor. This paper focuses to simulate the material composition,
radioactivity and its corresponding decay heat
profiles
of
the
CNPP-I using
depletion computer code ORIGEN-2. For this purpose irradiation model of the single
PWR fuel assembly (with 3% U-235 fuel enrichment) is developed for the period of
365 days. The simulated values of radioactivity of actinides, fission products and
activation products and their decay heat are compared with the analytical results
obtained from the Malbrain et al. Model.
This study shows that, nuclei heavier than uranium are obtained when uranium
captures one or several neutrons without fission. Thus, one finds almost 1% of
plutonium. Actinides other than plutonium (neptunium, americium, and curium) are
less abundant. About 3% of the mass consists of fission products of 235U and 239Pu.
The spent nuclear fuel decay heat comes mainly from unstable fission products,
unstable actinides, and activated structural and cladding materials. The main source of
decay heat production in spent nuclear fuel is the beta decay of fission products.
Index Terms—Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP), PWR, Spent Nuclear Fuel,
Decay Heat Profile, Malbrain et al, ORIGEN-2 Code
4
PGSRET 205
Spent Fuel Analysis of Material Test Research Reactor
using ORIGEN2 Computer Code
Amjad Aslam1, Sikander. M. Mirza2, N. M. Mirza2, R. Khan1
1
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Islamabad
2
Department of Physics & Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, Islamabad
The main uses of the research reactor includes research and education, isotope
production, neutron activation analysis, neutron physics experiments and fundamental
research. Fuel loading in these reactors is smaller than the Nuclear Power Reactors. The
spent fuel is usually stored on-site for about ten years. During the storage their activity
and decay heat die down. The knowledge of spent fuel activity and decay heat is
essential for designing the spent fuel storage, its shielding, transportation and heat load
analysis. The decay heat and activity of spent fuel dictate the requirements for
reprocessing and disposal of generated radioactive waste. This paper presents the
radioactivity analysis of Pakistan Research Reactor –I (PARR- I) spent fuel. PARR-I
is MTR type research reactor utilizing 19.99% enriched Uranium Silicide (U3S2-Al)
fuel. It operates at 10 MW design power.
It highlights the activity and decay heat
profiles of actinides and fission products. The core inventory calculations were carried
out using depletion computer code ORIGEN2. The decay heat and activity profiles
show that the fission products dominate for initial period of decay as fuel is removed
from the core. The actinides activity and decay heat is smaller but they survive for a
longer time than fission products. The variation of decay heat with the passage of time
follow the same pattern as the activity.
Keywords—Material Test Reactor, Core inventories, Activity Profile, ORIGEN2
computer code.
5
PGSRET 212
Study of Gamma Irradiation Effects on Co-axial Cables
Azhar H. Malik1, Masroor Ahmad2, Riaz Hussain3, Muhammad Ilyas4,
Nasim Irfan5
Dept. of Nuclear Engineering (DNE), Pakistan Institute of Engg. and Applied Sciences
(PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad
1
[email protected]
In nuclear
industry,
RG58C/U cables are widely used in high radiation
environments. The incident gamma rays knock out electrons from cable core to
the outer
shield and hence, results in flow of current. Moreover, radiations also
induce conductivity
in the dielectric
resulting in an increase
current. The two processes cause a steady state radiation induced
in the leakage
current in the
coaxial cable. This radiation induced current degrades the actual signal from the
detector.
In this paper,
the initial
experimental results performed at Pakistan
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) and Nuclear Medicine
Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI) are presented. It is observed that
radiation induced current has a prompt jump and then raises slowly to a saturation value
around 35 pA. RG58C/U coaxial cable was exposed to different dose rates and the
normalization factors were determined to be 4.66×10−14 Coul/rad.cm and 2.52×10−14
Coul/rad.cm for spent fuel element and Co-60 sources respectively.
PGSRET 213
Monte Carlo EGS5 Simulations of High Purity
Germanium (HPGe) Detector
Kamran Arif1, Azhar H. Malik2
Dept. of Nuclear Engineering (DNE), Pakistan Institute of Engg. and Applied Sciences
(PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad
1
[email protected], [email protected]
High Purity Germanium (HPGe) radiation detec- tors are widely used for the gamma
ray spectroscopy due to their best energy resolution. However, the detector response
including Absolute Full Energy Peak (AFEP) efficiency, photo-fraction, Compton-tophoto ratio, etc., depends on the different physical parameters. The main advantage
of Monte Carlo simulations lies in the fact that we can separately study the
effect of different physical parameters. In this study, we present simulation results of
6
the HPGe detector using Electron Gamma Showers 5 (EGS5) code and compare the
simulation results with the already published data. A difference of about 5% was
observed when compared with MCNP simulation and experimental results. Finally, optimum value of the Lead shield thickness was determined to be 5 cm for
collimator diameter of 12 mm for different energies of interest.
PGSRET 260
Role of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Technologies in
Meeting the Growing Energy Demands
Kamran Qureshi
Department of Nuclear Engineering
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Islamabad, Pakistan
[email protected]
Considering the world’s growing energy demand, the nuclear energy is an option to
meet this demand in a sustainable and reliable manner. The share of nuclear in the
global energy mix is continuously rising. This increase in share of nuclear is due to the
factors such as population growth, energy supply security, increased electricity demand,
climate mitigation and price volatility of fuels used for other sources of energy. In order
to meet this growing demand, large scale deployment of advanced nuclear reactors is
envisaged. This paper describes the advanced nuclear reactor technologies available for
immediate, near, and long term deployment. It also describes their innovative features
that make them safer, simpler and economically competitive with other technologies.
At the end, the author discusses their potential role within the context of Pakistan.
Keywords—Advanced nuclear reactors; innovative reactors; SMR; nuclear power.
7
Session 2
Ocean Energy and Hydro Power Generation
System and Technologies
8
PGSRET 227
Investing in Hydro Power Sector for Pakistan’s Energy
Security
Danial Naeem*, Muhammad Awais Hashmi, Dr. M. Bilal Khan
NUST-CAS (EN)
*[email protected]
This paper evaluates the historical account of the evolution of Pakistan’s electricity
market, current market scenario, the key power market participants and presents the
case for development of hydro-power projects to solve the cotemporary energy crises of
the energy starved country. Furthermore, the paper looks into the investment
opportunities in context of enforced regulations by the authorities including tariff
setting mechanism and financial modeling for an independent hydro power producer.
Keywords—Hydro-power, Power Markets, Hydro Power Tariff modeling
PGSRET 109
Design and Experimental Validation of Horizontal Axis
Ocean Current Turbine
Hudair Samad1, Muneeb Ali Hussain2, Faizaan Mumtaz3, Mujahid Badshah4,
M.A.Khattak5
1,2,3,4
Department of Mechanical Engineering International Islamic University
Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
5
Department of Applied Mechanics and Design, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310,Skudai,Johor. MALAYSI
1
[email protected],[email protected]
In this paper a detailed investigation has been carried out on the various design aspects
of horizontal axis ocean current turbine (HAOCT). Performance characteristics of the
turbine have been found through BEM theory and experiment. The investigations
provide base line for the design and fabrication of commercial scale ocean
current turbine. The analytical and experimental results are found to be in good
agreement.
Keywords— Marine Current Turbines; Horizontal Axis Ocean Current Turbine; Hydro
Dynamic Design.
9
PGSRET 110
Design and Structural Analysis of Vertical Axis Ocean
Current Turbine
Yasir Sagheer Abbasi1, Muhammad Waqar2, Arsalan Ahmed Ijaz3, Mujahid
Badshah4, Suhail Kazi5
1,2,3,4
Department of Mechanical Engineering International Islamic University
Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
5
Department of Applied Mechanics and Design, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310,Skudai,Johor. MALAYSI
1
The rising energy crisis in Pakistan demands to exploit every mean of energy. Vast
reserves of ocean energy in certain areas of Pakistan must be exploited in order to meet
the projected energy demand. The research emphasizes on the design and validation
through structural analysis of a Vertical Axis Ocean current Turbine. The research
paper is supposed to be a substantial progression in this technology.
Keywords—Vertical Axis Ocean Current Turbine; Darrieus Turbine; H-Rotor; Design;
Model.
PGSRET 133
Economic Evaluation of Tarbela Dam
Haris Mushtaq1, Dr. Mohammad Bilal Khan2, Hafeez Rehman Khan3,
Muhammad Ali Zahoor4
1,2,3,4
National university of Science and technology (NUST),Center for Advanced
Studies in Energy(CAS-EN),H-12, Islamabad
1
[email protected]
Pakistan is facing worst energy crises of its time. The total available hydro power
capacity is around 6500MW out of overall capacity of around 22500MW; potential
contributors of hydro power capacity are three projects Tarbela, Mangla and Ghazi
Barotha. The output of the hydro plants is subject to availability of water (optimum
level) in the dams, which can fall to as low as 2,500MW with substantial drop in water
level. Available resources are not sufficient to meet power demand for industry,
agriculture and ever increasing urban consumption. Currently electricity shortfall is of
the magnitude 5000MW. Water is considered to be an economic good because of
10
competing water use that in turn resulted in resource scarcity. This led the economies
for a desperate need of a policy to work out economic feasibility of water management.
Keeping in view the significance of inter relationship of hydro-economics, the aim of
this research is to compare the predicted economic benefits of Tarbela dam with actual
economic benefits attained since its commissioning. As we now have all the relevant
river inflows, rainfall data, the study will enable the policy makers to review the
feasibility reports and make appropriate decisions in future.
Keywords—Hydro Power; Water Management; Economic Benefits.
PGSRET 259
Design and fabrication of wave energy power plant
using oscillating water column technique
M. Saqlain Abbas1, M. Zulkarnain Abbas2, Riffat Asim Pasha3, Zahid Suleman4,
Zubair Butt5
Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering Department UET Taxila
1
[email protected], [email protected],
3
5
[email protected]
Fossil Fuels are considered the major sources to fulfill the world energy demand but
their harmful effect on our environment are the main source of concern .So it is the
need of time to utilize the such energy resources which are sustainable and environment
friendly. As we know that more than seventy percent portion of earth is covered by the
ocean. This source of energy is present in the form of ocean’s water, the air above the
ocean and the land beneath them. This paper presents a technique to extract the energy
from ocean waves using oscillating water column chamber and self -rectifying impulse
turbine. It also gives the brief introduction of oscillating water column used in the
extraction of wave energy. Designing of oscillating water column is accomplished
using Pro Engineer and CREO soft wares. The efficiency of this fabricated wave power
plant is 35% and the rpms of shaft are 200. The research in this area will provide
decentralized, sustainable and chemical emission free energy.
Keywords—renewable energy, oscillating water column chamber, self-rectifying
impulse turbine
11
Session 3
Renewable Energy
Systems and Technologies
12
PGSRET 132
Thermal Performance of Solar Pond in Heat Extraction
mode for climate of Taxila
Najam-ul-Hassan Shah*, Azhar Abbas Khan**, M. Shahid Khalil, MuzaffarAli,
Tanzeel-ur-Rashid, Adeel Arshad
University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
*[email protected], **[email protected]
Solar energy can be used for various applications by solar photovoltaic and solar
thermal energy conversion technologies. However, being intermittent in nature, it
requires effective storage solution for utilization at night and during overcast
conditions. Solar pond having built in energy storage capacity is a promising solution.
In this paper, thermal analysis of salinity gradient solar pond in heat extraction mode is
presented. A theoretical model of a mini solar pond of 2 m2 surface area is developed.
Efficiency analysis in heat extraction mode is numerically performed through
MATLAB for a steady temperature difference of 300C across the non-convective zone
of solar pond under the climate conditions of Taxila, Pakistan. The analysis resulted
high efficiency of 22% with less conduction losses for a pond having increased depth
and thicker non-convective zone. Additionally, the analysis of different temperature
gradients across non-convective zone showed that the less temperature gradient resulted
high efficiency and less losses. These results established that the solar pond is suitable
for various applications and can be an effective solution for energy utilization and
storage in future
Keywords—Solar pond; Renewable energy; Energy storage; Heat extraction; Thermal
Performance; Efficiency analysis; clean energy; Sensible heat; NaCl brine
PGSRET 24
Techno-Economic Analysis of wind energy generation
for 50 MW Wind Farm in Jiwani, Balochistan using
ARIMA models and RETScreen
Zia Ahmad Khan*, Samreen Siddique, Asad Muneer
USAID funded Center for Advanced Studies in Energy at NUST (CAS-EN), National
University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
Center for Energy Systems, National University of Science and Technology (NUST)
H-12 Islamabad, (Pakistan)
13
*[email protected]
Statistical and computational models have been used worldwide by the researchers to
forecast time series. This paper implements two techniques; Autoregressive Integrated
Moving Average models and Neural Networks backpropagation algorithm to predict
wind speed time series for Gwadar, a coastal city of Balochistan. Based on the wind
speed forecast, power output has been estimated for a 50MW wind farm, choosing the
appropriate turbine and optimum hub elevation for the installation of wind turbine.
Furthermore, a financial study is presented of such a wind farm at Gwadar. For turbine
selection, 317 turbines of various ratings and manufacturers were surveyed through
software at different elevations - 60m, 80m, 100m and 120m. The results show that
Neural Networks capture the trend in the wind speed time series more accurately than
its statistical counterpart. Also, the optimum hub elevation for installing wind turbine at
Gwadar is found to be 100m. Annual energy production under these circumstances is
found to be 58.31 GWh/year.
Keywords— wind farm optimization; Neural networks; ARIMA; Wind power
forecasting
PGSRET 31
Performance of Grid-Integrated Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell/
Electrolyzer/Battery Hybrid Power System
Syed Zulqadar Hassan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Tariq Kamal3, Laiq Khan4
Electrical Engineering Department, COMSATS Institute of IT, Abbottabad, Pakistan
1
3
Integration of different energy sources and power converters is required to meet the
load demands adequately under various natural conditions. This research work focuses
on the hybrid power system combining renewable energy sources, namely, a
photovoltaic (PV) array and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a hybrid energy
storage system, i.e., a battery bank and hydrogen storage tanks in the proposed
architecture. The complete layout is connected to the national grid via power
electronics converters to enhance the continuity and reliability of power. In the
proposed system, the PV is taken as the primary energy source to satisfy the load
demands. The fuel cell and electrolyzer are added to ensure long-term energy balance
14
by using the hydrogen technology. The battery is utilized as a high energy density
device to keep the DC-bus voltage constant. The dynamic behaviour of the proposed
system is checked under different solar radiation, temperature and load conditions for
the simulation of 24 Hrs. The proposed system exhibits excellent performance in terms
of grid stability and voltage regulation. All the energy sources and their controllers are
designed in Matlab/Simulink
Index Terms— Hybrid powe system, PV system, Fuel cell, Hybrid storage system,
Power quality and Stability analysis
PGSRET 32
PV based PHEVs Smart Charging Station Facility
Tariq Kamal 1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Syed Zulqadar Hassan 3, Laiq Khan4
1 [email protected], [email protected], 3
The widespread applications of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) established
that there will be a massive inrush of PHEVs by the end of this century. There is a
rising risk that this anticipation in the number of PHEVs will impose an extra burden in
demand, especially at peak times and, therefore, threaten the stability of existing power
grids. To satisfy the additional load of PHEVs, a smart charging station (CS) facility
based on PV output power sensing due to the variation in solar irradiance and
temperature is presented in this paper. The power required to charge the PHEVs is
effectively managed from grid- connected photovoltaic (PV) generation. To confirm the
optimal utilization of available power, charging time and grid stability, five possible
switching modes have been considered for different interaction among the PHEVs,
PV and the grid. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed CS
facility. The proposed CS and their controllers are designed in MATLAB/Simulink.
Keywords— PHEVs, PV power sensing, Battery management system, Smart Charging
15
PGSRET 37
Performance Analysis of Static Transfer Switch using
MATLAB/Simulink
Muhammad Rizwan Javed, Tahir Mahmood, Muhammad Ahmad Choudhry
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology
Taxila,Pakistan
Many industrial loads suffer from various power quality problems like voltage sag and
swell, service outages etc. Due to these power quality issues industrial customer bears
huge financial loss. So in this situation static transfer switch can be the most cost
effective solution to avoid from these problems. Thyristor based Static transfer switch
is used to protect industrial load from these power quality problems by transferring
sensitive load from one source to another within minimum transfer time. This paper
investigates the performance of thyristor switches based STS system by improving the
power quality of a sensitive three-phase industrial load. Extensive simulations are
carried out to validate
the use of thyristor switches in medium voltage systems to
achieve a lesser transfer time in network reconfiguration. Performance analysis of
thyristor based STS system is carried out under various faults/disturbance conditions.
Simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink verifies the performance of static
transfer switch.
Keywords- Power Quality, Sensitive Load, Static Transfer switch (STS), Preferred
Source, Alternate Source, Control logic, Transfer Time, Detection Time.
PGSRET 94
Economic Analysis of a Small Hybrid Power System
Iqbal, Arsham1, Muhammad, Ibrahim F2.; Faraz, Muhammad3; Tariq,
Muhammad S4.; Banna, Hasan-ul5
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering,
LUMS,Lahore, Pakistan
[email protected]
Wind and solar based hybrid power systems are more feasible in areas with good
potential from both sources. These sources complement each other and allow autonomy
if one source is unavailable. Many remote villages of Pakistan are not electrified and
the current worsening energy crisis may not allow for these regions to be integrated
with the national grid. Even the areas connected to the grid undergo considerable power
16
cuts (as much as 16 hours a day) and there is a need to incorporate abundant
renewable energy to the electricity mix of the country. Therefore, a hybrid system
including grid, solar PV and wind energy would help eliminate load shedding [1].
However, costs of these systems must be limited to make them economically
feasible. Therefore, in this work, we simulate and analyze various combinations of
hybrid power systems using HOMER Hybrid Optimization
Renewables)
software
Model
for
Electric
to compare Net Present Cost (NPC) and Levelized Cost of
Energy (LCOE) for available systems.
Keywords—Decentralized power system; standalone power system; grid; HOMER;
hybrid power system; Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE); Net Present Cost (NPC); nonelectrified areas; solar PV; wind energy.
PGSRET 117
Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: Hybridization and
Advance Control
Asghar Faiz1, Abdul Rehman2
College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering
National University of Science and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
2
International Islamic University Islamabad.
1
1
As world’s power consumption is increasing regularly and consequently, demand
for more power generation is inevitable. So this power demand can produce by
Renewable energy resources up to some significant percentage of total demand.
Wind turbine technology combined with solar photovoltaic (PV), as a hybrid system,
can play an effective role to overcome our future energy consumptions with a cost
effective energy conversion system. Integration of both resources is highly appreciated
for providing a reliable power source to the world. In this paper hybrid energy system is
discuss briefly, based on wind and solar photovoltaic. Next, integration schemes are
illustrated by help of schematic diagrams, at last use of advance control techniques
and their performance are given with future challenges.
Keywords- Renewable energy system, Photovoltaic, Wind turbine, Control system,
integration schemes.
17
PGSRET 118
Analysis of Repetitive Control of Grid Connected
Inverter
Sardar Shazali Sikander1, Asghar Faiz2
1
College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Science and
Technology
2
College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Science and
Technology
1
This paper presents an analytical review of the repetitive control (RC) of micro grid
inverter. In grid connected inverter the focus is on current controlling rather than
voltage controlling. A plant is developed in Simulink to show the effect of different
control techniques. In this model, a DC to AC converter is connected to the grid source
with odd harmonics. To sink the output of converter with grid, an LCL filter has been
used. For controlling, two different techniques; Classical Control and RC have been
analyzed. The goal of such converter is to minimize the error between periodic
reference and output current in the presence of periodic disturbances. Reduction in
phase shift is also required to improve the power factor. The analysis also includes the
effect of different gains on the total harmonic distortion and the steady state error.
Keywords—Grid
Connected
Inverter, Repetitive Controller (RC), LCL Filter
PGSRET 120
Economic Power Generation for an off-grid site in
Pakistan
Muhammad Khurum Abbas1, Dr. Qadeer-ul-Hasan2
Electrical Engineering Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,
Islamabad, Pakistan
1
This paper proposes an economic hybrid energy system for electrification of an off-grid
remote site, Rakhi Gaj in Pakistan. Electrical load demand of water pumping station
and primary household’s appliances is addressed using these systems. Levelized Cost of
Energy (LCOE) using a hybrid micro grid (PV- diesel-wind) is computed to evaluate
the importance of renewable resources at the site. The metrological data of the site is
18
acquired from nearest weather station while irradiance is computed analytically using
Angstrom as well as De Wit’s method. This analytical data is compared with the solar
satellite data of NASA (National Aero Space Agency) to improve validity of solar
resource inputs. It is evaluated in the research that electricity cost using diesel
generator ($ 0.316/kWh) is significantly minimized ($ 0.230/kWh) by integrating
renewable technologies. Sensitivity analysis is also performed by varying diesel prices
and wind speeds to explore different options for domestic users. National Renewable
Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) software, Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric
Renewable (HOMER) is used for modelling and simulation.
Keywords- levelized cost of energy, renewable resources, sensitivity analysis, hybrid
optimization
PGSRET 126
Review of Solar Thermal Water Heater simulations
using TRNSYS
Muhammad Shoaib Saleem1, Aun Haider2, Naeem Abas3
1,2
Department of Electrical Engineering University of Management and Technology
Sialkot, Pakistan
3
Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Islamabad, Pakistan.
1
3
[email protected]
World’s 47% energy utilization is consumed on heating, 27% on transportation and
16% on electricity. The large amount of heat energy substantially explains its
importance in modern life style. Solar water heaters are getting attraction for zero
energy utilization and becoming an essential part of modern buildings around the globe.
In this regard, energy simulation soft wares
are widely
used
by
designers
to
investigate system efficiency and behavior. These provide us convenient methods and
tools to perform energy calculations and power flow analysis. TRNSYS is one of such
graphical based multi-purpose soft wares to simulate thermal and electrical energy
systems. Its standard library includes a significant number of variable components
required for simulations. Also, it can be extended to include new mathematical models.
This paper presents a concise survey and review on applications of TRNSYS to
analyze: Solar thermal water heaters with forced circulation and Thermo-syphon
systems using Flat Plate Collectors (FPC), Heat Pipe Evacuated Tube Collectors
19
(HPETC). A comparison between various simulation results relating to system
efficiency has been also presented.
Keywords—Transient System Simulation Tool; Solar Water Heater; Heat Pipe
Evacuated Tube Collector.
PGSRET 138
Comparative Analysis of Multi-Input DC/DC
Converter Topology for Hybrid Renewable Energy
Systems
Ghulam Fareed Laghari1, Adnan Umar2, Suheel Abdullah3
Department of Electronic Engineering International Islamic University
Islamabad, Pakistan
Power electronic DC/DC converters are primarily used in hybrid renewable energy
systems having different V-I characteristics. In the past few years, a number of DC/DC
topologies have been proposed by the researchers for integration of different renewable
sources. Each of these topologies has their advantages and limitations as well as
suitability for a particular multi-input sources. The main aim of this paper is to present
a comprehensive review of various multiple input DC/DC converters suggested in the
recent years. A comparison and discussion of different multi-input DC/DC topologies
used for integration of multiple input sources is provided. A comparative analysis based
on the parameters such as cost, efficiency, design simplicity, and reliability, is
portrayed in order to select the optimum multiple input DC/DC converter for a specific
application in renewable energy system.
Keywords—Multi input DC/DC converter; Renewable Sources; Renewable Energy
System
PGSRET 145
Non-Inductive DC-DC Regulated Boost Converter as
Battery Charger for Photovoltaic Installation
Hina1, Adnan Noor2, Malik Abbas3, Kh. S. Karimov4
Faculty of Electrical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute Topi, Swabi KPK,
Pakistan
1
[email protected]
This paper describes non-inductive regulated DC- DC boost converter which is used for
the first time to realize a charge controller for battery in a photovoltaic system. It
20
comprises of a photovoltaic module, voltage regulator and a battery. Regulator noninductive is performed using only capacitors as charge storing elements that makes it
economical. To regulate output of converter and to reduce complexity in the number of
electronic parts, a microcontroller is used. It regulates the voltage supplied by
photovoltaic module into values suitable for charging a 12 V 4.5 AH sealed lead acid
battery using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. PWM is implemented on
Arduino Uno to control duty cycle of the switches in order to maintain the output
voltage within 13.5-14.0 V.
Keywords—Non-Inductive; DC-DC boost converter; PWM technique; microcontroller;
hotovoltaic; sealed lead acid battery
PGSRET 162
A Simple and Economical Design of Micro-Hydro
Power Generation System
Aleem Ahmed Khan1, Muhammad Rafay Khan2
Department of Electronic Engineering International Islamic University Islamabad,
Pakistan
1
Energy crises have been raised exponentially in the last few years and now it has
become a huge problem in all over the world. To deal with this problem, the renewable
energy resources are introduced worldwide. Nowadays, the renewable energy resources
are inevitable since it has replaced the fossil fuel. The renewable energy resources are
cost effective and pollution-free environment- friendly. The main goal of this research
project is to produce a useful electric power by falling water from some height in order
to produce a force that is used to move the propeller wings of the hydropower system in
the direction of force. This paper deals with the complete system designing and
practical implementation of mini hydropower system. This system mainly consists
of 12 propellers whose central shaft is extended and connected to dc gear motor used
to generate the voltages, reservoir, water pump, 12v dc to 220v ac inverter. The output
voltages are directly proportional to the angular RPM of the mechanical system. An
experimental result reveals that a very useful amount of energy can be generated by
using this system. Besides of this effective system design model, further enhancements
are possible which are also presented in this paper.
21
Keywords— Micro Hydropower; Hydroelectric Power; renewable energy; sustainable
energy
PGSRET 165
Smart Grid—Energizing Towards a Greener Future
Saquib Farooq1, Waheed ul Zahoor2
1
CompSoft Solutions, Model Town Sopore, J&K, India, 2School of Engineering and
Technology, Jain University, Bangalore, India
1
Smart grid refers to the modernization of the traditional electric grid systems through
the use of advancements in computer sciences, information & communications
technology (ICT) tools and techniques. In a fully-operational Smart Grid sensor
networks are implemented across the whole transmission and supply grid to collect
data. After gathering the requisite data, real-time duplex communication networks are
used to transfer this data between utilities and consumers. Furthermore, the sensor
networks also augment in generating the computational power necessary to make this
information actionable and transactive. This paper presents a review of various smart
grid technologies and their implementations in different regions of the globe, such as
the USA and Europe, and their impact on power distribution efficiency and the
prevalent carbon footprint of the electric grid stations. A comparative analysis of the
traditional power grid systems and the improvisations acquired by employing
digitization techniques and technologies are provided. Moreover, the impact of smart
grid technologies in reducing the carbon footprint vis-à-vis the traditional power
distribution systems; thus arriving at a greener vision of the planet whilst maintaining
the ever-growing need for energy is also explored.
Keywords—smart grid; electric grids; sensor networks; duplex communications;
digitization; carbon foot-print.
22
PGSRET 217
Modeling of wind power plant using MATLAB
Syed Ahsan Ali1, Muhammad Farooq Nawaz2, M. Bilal3, Faheem Ahmad4, Umar
Yasir Hayat5
Department of Electrical Engineering,Sharif college of engineering and technology,
Lahore.
1
3
5
[email protected]
Utilization of Wind Energy is increasing day by day to generate Electrical Power.
Because it is an unpolluted fuel source and does not pollute the air; like other power
plants that depend on combustion of coal, natural gas, oil, and fossil fuels. It is reality
that we are facing the shortage of these resources. It is the reason that all over the world
we are struggling to finds the renewable energy resources like solar and wind power
plant (WPP) etc. In this paper we are going to implement the wind power plant, its
protection on MATLAB, check the quality issues of power, solutions for these issues
and check the results on MATLAB.
Keyword – Wind energy, Electrical Power, renewable energy, WPP.
PGSRET 229
Quaid-e-Azam Solar Power Park: Prospects and
Challenges
Asad Khaliq1, Ali Ikram2, Muhammad Salman3
Faculty of Electrical Engineering,GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, KPK, Pakistan
1
2
3
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Optimum yield of PV systems is primarily governed by installation parameters
(altitude, tilt and orientation) and geographic location (solar insolation and latitude) of
instillation site. However, current studies have shown that dust has significant influence
on PV system performance (efficiency and output) and PV efficiency deficit due to dust
can be up to 70%. Quaid-e-Azam Solar Power (QASP) park is located in Bahawalpur,
Punjab, is first large scale solar power generation project in Pakistan with capacity of
100MWp in first phase and additional 900MWp in next two phases. QASP Park is
covered by desert of Cholistan. Climate of Bahawalpur is hot and dry with annual
23
rainfall of 200-220 mm. The site of QASP Park is very complicated for solar
power generation. This paper provides an appraisal on important climate factors of
QASP Park and their impact on PV systems performance. Climate factors of prime
important that will dictate performance of PV Systems in QASP Park, have been
discussed in this paper.
Key Words: Photovoltaic, desert, wind, dust, water, efficiency
PGSRET 236
Analysis and Optimization of 132KV Grid Using
ETAP
1
Noman Nisar , Muhammad Bilal Khan2, Sameen Gondal3, Muhammad Naveed4
1
Department of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Aalto University, Finland
2,3,4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif college of engineering and technology,
Lahore.
1
2
This
paper focuses
on
station using the most
the
modern
analyses, monitoring & optimization of 132KV grid
software
ETAP,
which
performs numerical
calculations of large integrated power system with fabulous speed besides, generating
output reports like load flow , reliability analysis etc. In a developing country like
Pakistan monitoring is made which includes current flowing in every branch, power
factor, active and reactive power flow and harmonic distortion etc. of large power
system, which is helpful in reducing losses. Based upon the recorded data obtained
from an actual 132 KV grid, analysis, monitoring and optimization has been
implemented on ETAP.
Keywords— Optimization using ETAP, Harmonic distortion, load flow
24
PGSRET 238
Comparison Based Distributed Generation Implementation
Algorithm for the Performance Enhancement of Radial
Distribution System
Anis Ur Rehman1, Muhammad Ifitikhar Khan2, Sheharyar Mehmood3, Bilal
Khan4
1,3,4
Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Science and Information
Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
2Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology
Peshawar, Pakistan
Distributed Generation (DG) at optimal location and size boost up voltage at end
side of feeder and reduce power loss. Different algorithms have been proposed for the
optimal size and location of DG in distribution system. Majority of these are developed
for the uniformly distributed load, assuming unity power factor and single DG scenario.
In this paper a comparison based Distributed Generation Implementation
technique
has
been
(CBDGI)
proposed having abilities to provide optimal DG rating and
location to enhance the performance of distribution network. Proposed methodology is
capable of functioning effectively under randomly distributed load with poor power
factor for single and multi DG system. CBDGI algorithm written in MATLAB is based
on analytical approach and in this paper is implemented to two lengthy rural and two
industrial radial feeders in worst case scenario. Analysis carried out show that the
algorithm enhanced nodes voltage profile and reduced power loss. Proposed algorithm
provides location on feeder having lowest voltage profile and higher power loss. The
algorithm suggests
the most suitable and economical
DG source for feeder
performance enhancement based on DG rating and feeder load conditions. CBDGI is
applicable to compare different feeder’s performance and their DG requirements in
priority based.
Index Terms—distributed generation, radial feeder, voltage profile, power loss,
distribution network.
25
PGSRET 239
Design Optimization and Experimental Investigation of
Solar Assisted 1 Ton (3.516 KW) Vapor Absorption
Air Conditioning System
G.Q.Chaudhary1, Muzaffar Ali2, M. Muzammil Mukhtar3, U.Khalid4, U. Awan5,
A. Adeel-ur-Rehamn6
University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
1
Solar Energy is one of the most attractive and well-known source among all known
renewable energy resources therefore, solar assisted air-conditioning systems attract
researcher’s interests. Solar cooling technology is environment friendly and contributes
to a significant decrease of the CO2 emissions which cause the greenhouse effect and
thus helpful in reduction of Ozone depletion. According to the operating temperature of
driving thermal source, single – effect Li Br/H2O absorption chillers have the
advantage of being powered by ordinary flat-plate or evacuated tube solar collectors
available in the market. The objective of this work is to develop an experimental rig
based on the simulation results of an optimized - single - effect absorption air
conditioning system using LiBr/H2O solution as working fluid assisted by solar thermal
energy. Detailed mathematical design is prepared by applying energy and mass
balances on each component. Afterwards parametric analysis is performed on EES to
determine the effects of evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, and generator
temperature on COP of the system. Then simulation based optimization of the proposed
design is conducted on dynamic simulation program TRNSYS and GenOpt, based on
local weather profile of Taxila. The results of the simulation of the absorption chiller
indicate a thermal performance coefficient, COP of 0.756.The results of the simulation
are validated by the locally fabricated experimental rig.
Keywords— Chilled Water System; Mathematical Modeling EES; Optimization;
Modeling/Simulation; TRNSYS.
26
PGSRET 245
Power Optimization of Pseudo Noise Based Optical
Transmitter Using
Bhagwan Das1 , Vicky Kumar2, M.F.L Abdullah3, Bishwajeet Pandey3
1
Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam university of Engineering.
Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh Pakistan. 2Department of Environmental
and Management, MUET. 3Gyancity Research Lab.
1
Engr,[email protected], [email protected]
In electronic devices when operating frequency is exceeded from its resonant frequency
the power of the device increases drastically. Due to this, device reaches in dead zone
and will not function anymore. In this work, power optimization is performed for
Pseudo Noise sequence based optical transmitter. The PN generator for optical
transmitter is designed using linear shift registered generator method. Furthermore,
energy efficient design for the PN generator is also proposed using low voltage
complementary metal oxide semiconductor (LVCMOS) IO standard available on FPGA
virtex-6 board. The PN generator is operated at different frequencies such as 100 MHz,
1 GHz, 10 GHz and 100 GHz and at different LVCMOS IO standard such as LVCMOS
12, 18, 15 and 25. The power reduction is achieved for frequencies using standards
available on FPGA. Finally, power optimization is recorded for target device at 100
MHz 97.7%, for 1 GHz 98%, for 10 GHz 95% and for 100 GHz 95% using LVCMOS
12 in comparison with LVCMOS 25. This energy efficient PN generator can be
integrated with other optical components to develop green optical communication
system. Experiment is performed via Xilinx ISE14.7 design tool and FPGA vertex-6
board.
Keywords— Pseudo Noise (PN) generator, Linear Shift Register Generator method,
I/O standards, Power optimization, FPGA, optical transmitter
27
PGSRET 249
Power Consumption Measurement & Configuration
Time of FPGA
Najeem Lawal1, Fahad Lateef2, Muhammad Usman3
Electronics Design Division (ITM) Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10, 85170
Sundsvall, Sweden
1
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
In this paper, we presents results concerning power consumption and configuration
time for FPGA. FPGAs re-programmability, flexibility and re-configurability give rise
to number of possibilities like adding more and more features, increasing lifetime
duration to embedded systems. Power consumption of the peripheral devices is also
meaningfully affects by Time behavior. Estimation based on average activity may not
being useful for accurate power estimation of system. The configuration time of FPGA
depend on configuration data width, size file, clock frequency and flash time access.
We measured the total power consumption on each voltage supply and the total
configuration time of Spartan-6 FPGA Atlys board using LabVIEW. Comparison had
been made between estimated power value and measured power value. Hence, we
believe that our experiment results will be useful to other FPGA-based embedded
systems.
Keywords—Power measuring, FPGA, configuration time
28
Session 4
Renewable Energy System
Aspects of Material and Structures
29
PGSRET 39
Dielctric Properties of Transformer Oil based Silica Nanofluids
Muhammad Rafiq, Danish Khan, Muhammad Ali
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power
University, Beijing 102206, China
[email protected]
Nanofluids are prepared for use in high voltage engineering as insulating and heat
transfer fluids, containing a small amount of nanoparticles. The term “nanofluid” was
presented by Choi et al. at Argonne National Laboratory. Recently, nanofluids are
being considered as next generation insulating and heat transfer liquids in due to
their improved characteristics. Transformer oil-based nanofluids are being studied as
an alternate for conventional mineral oil. In this paper, transformer oil-based silica
nanofluids with different concentration
(10%
and
20%)
were
prepared.
The
AC breakdown strength of nanofluids was measured at high moisture level
20ppm. Nanofluids showed improved breakdown strength at high concentration and
there was only a negligible effect on breakdown strength at low concentration.
Keywords—nanofluids;
nanoparticles;
transformer
oil; dielectric strength.
PGSRET 101
CFD analysis of a Savonius Vertical Axis Wind
Turbine
Asad Muneer1, Dr.Mohammad Bilal Khan2, Umer Bin Sarwar3, Zia Ahmad Khan4
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Center for Advanced Studies
in Energy (CAS-EN), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
1
[email protected]
Pakistan is among of the developing countries in the world that are facing energy crisis.
The generation of electricity in Pakistan is shrinking due to an over reliance on fossil
fuel resources and also due to the increasing demands for power and lack of efficiency.
Due to this energy crisis, many countries have started the research and working in the
renewable energy field. In the fields of renewable energy, wind energy is very attractive
and has a very key role in the sustainable energy. The purpose of this research work is
to analyze a Savonius Vertical axis wind turbine for low wind speed that is inexpensive
30
and is made through easily available material to provide much needed electricity in
Pakistan. This paper highlights the designing of the wind turbine and the effect on
the blades. With the help of calculating values, 3D view of wind blades’ shape has been
drawn in the Solid works software. With the help of the Solid works generated file,
optimization of the behavior of wind above and below the turbine blades have been
analyzed.
Keywords—CFD; Ansys; Wind turbine.
PGSRET 23
Low cost and non-toxic preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4
absorber material for thin film photovoltaics and
studies its structural and thermal properties
Ijaz Husnain1, Warda Mushtaq2, Mahmood Jamil3, Asghar Ali4, Zuhair S Khan5
Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (CAS-EN) National University of Sciences and
Technology (NUST) Islamabad, Pakistan
1
[email protected]
Unlike Si Thin film solar cells have appealed scientific community due to direct band
gap properties requiring less quantity of material. In thin film solar cells, CdTe and
CIGS are prominent candidates with PCE 17% and 20%, respectively. Large scale
production from CdTe and CIGS is limited due to unavailability of the elements (In,
Te) and environmental concerns with toxic Cd. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has emerged as a
potential candidate in thin film photovoltaic due to its non-toxicity, low cost and
economic availability of precursors. CZTS is a semiconductor with a direct bandgap of
1.5 eV and an absorption coefficient of 104 cm-1. Conventional synthesis techniques
are either energy intensive or use toxic chemicals. In this work, Cu2ZnSnS4 was
successfully prepared by wet chemistry route using a non-toxic solvent. CZTS
precursor solution was prepared in a mixture of water and ethanol using metal chlorides
and Thiourea as source of sulfur. XRD analysis revealed that binary and ternary sulfide
phases formed at 250 °C. However, by increasing temperature up to 300 °C, pure CZTS
compound is formed with a change in lattice parameters. SEM studies of surface
morphology and particle size analyses were carried out. Furthermore, thermal behavior
of the as-fabricated powders is depicted using the thermogravimetric analysis. Spin
31
coating technique was successfully applied for thin film formation on a soda lime glass
substrate.
Keywords—CZTS,
Thin
films
photovoltaics,
Wet
chemistry,
Spin
coating,
Microstructure
PGSRET 175
Power Economic Dispatch Using Particle Swarm
Optimization
H. M. Zahid Iqbal, A. Ashraf, A. Ahmad
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology,
Taxila, Pakistan
Current market environment, ever growing difference between depleting energy
resources and increasing power demand and increased expectations of customers from
utility companies has made it necessary to adopt some good operational policies by
electric utility companies. So the focus of utility companies has shifted towards
increased customer focus, enhanced performance and to provide reliable supply at low
cost. The electric power system must be operated in a way to schedule generations
economically of generation facilities. In last two decades many evolutionary techniques
has been developed to solve the optimization problems. Particle swarm optimization
has acquired much recognition due to less memory requirement and its inherent
simplicity. Particle swarm optimization technique proved to be having strong potential
for solving complex and high dimensional optimization problem. PSO is free from local
minimum solution convergence which is often encountered while solving nonlinear and
non-convex optimization problem through conventional techniques.
This paper
presents a summarized view of application of PSO for solving power economic
dispatch problem.
Index Terms- Economic Dispatch (ED), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO),
Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), Computational Techniques.
32
PGSRET 177
A Survey of Control Strategies for Implementation of
Optimized and Reliable Operation of Renewable
Energy Based Microgrids in Islanded Mode
Dr. Ghous Bux Narejo1, Fawad Azeem2, Muhammad Yasir Ammar3
1
Department of Electronics Engineering NED University of Engineering and
Technology Karachi
2
Hamdard Institute of Engineering and Technology (HIET), Hamdard University
Karachi
3
Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET) International Islamic University
Islamabad
1
2
Renewable Energy Sources such as Solar Photovoltaic, Wind, and Micro hydel power
plants are effectively penetrating in the existing power infrastructure to supply clean
energy to the end user. These sources can be utilized in Islanded or Grid connected
mode. Microgrid operation in Islanded mode is ideal for the locations where existing
grid infrastructure is unreachable or power quality is not up to the desired end user
level. Major concern of microgrid operation in islanded mode is control of active and
reactive power and complete power balance using electronic inverter interfaced
mechanism.
This paper presents survey on control techniques used to optimize,
Control, and enhance the power quality of Islanded microgrids. Operation of microgird
in islanded mode has been discussed whereas success stories and challenges faced
while implementing microgrid in different parts of the world has also been discussed in
the paper.
Keywords—Photovoltaic PV; Active Power; Reactive Power; Islanded Microgrid;
Droop Control; Voltage Source Inverter; Frequency
33
PGSRET 187
Generation of Isolated DC Voltage Sources for
Multilevel Inverters
Tila Muhammad1, Adnan Umar Khan2, Muhammad Luqman3, Muhammad Bilal
Satti4, Muhammad Aaqib 5, Muhammad Faisal Khan 6
International Islamic University, Islamabad
1
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
4
[email protected], 5 [email protected], [email protected]
Electrical energy plays a vital role in the life of mankind due to extensive use of
electronic devices and electrical machinery. To provide green energy to user, renewable
energy got more importance. Conventionally, renewable energy was used in standalone
systems which need heavy capital investment along with high maintenance cost and
separate infra-structure. Meanwhile the trend has been changed and the grid tie
inverters got into the systems. There are many issues in finding a suitable grid tie
inverter because it needs high power inverters. The latest technique for inverter of high
power and low total harmonic distortion is Multilevel Inverter. There are many
inverters designing topologies of Multilevel Inverters. One of the most popular among
these topologies is Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter. But this topology comes
with a limitation that it needs isolated DC voltage sources. In our research, we have
focused on the topology to overcome this issue in case when there is a single available
DC voltage source. Our research shows that this DC source can easily be split into a
number of isolated DC Sources as per desire by using less in system losses, small size
and weight of the converter. The design has been demonstrated by simulation and
verified by hardware implementation.
Keywords—Cascaded H-Bridge; DC voltage sources; Multilevel inverters; Renewable
Energy; Total Harmonic Distortion
34
PGSRET 188
Smart Solar AC Generator without Inverter
Muhammad Aziz Ul Haq1*, Hifsa Iram2, Azaz Ul Haq3
1
College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering NUST, Islamabad Campus
2
FAST-NUCES Islamabad Campus Pakistan
3
MUST Pakistan
*[email protected]
Renewable energy resources are the major demand of the day. As fossil fuels are
limited so we just can’t rely on them especially in this new age where the demand of
energy has increased drastically. Solar energy can be one of the effective renewable
energy sources. This is a new way of looking at a solar panel that we can generate
alternating current directly from photovoltaic cells. We can use an array of photovoltaic
cell pairs that are connected in anti-parallel form to create an AC wave form. Solar
panels today produce DC power which has to be firstly converted into AC to be mostly
used in business and home appliances. Solar panels become very expensive when we
add solar panel’s price joint with the price of inverters and phase synchronizers. In
addition to that the power losses of different components that are used in the DC to AC
converters so it becomes even more unappealing. We show a new technique for the
generation of AC power from Solar panel devoid of inverter. By adopting this
technique we can remove power losses due to an inverter. There is no need of batteries
in our technique so overall cost is also reduced. Another very good aspect of this
technique is that we get a very pure sine wave of better efficiency than that of an AC
inverter. We can generate the sine wave of any frequency by just controlling the speed
of motor used in this technique. So it is a very simple technique with great effects.
Keywords—Solar; inverter; Alternating current; Renewable energy
35
PGSRET 123
Design and Implementation of prototype of Resonant
DC to DC Converter for Telecom Applications
Muhammad Humayun Rashed
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering International Islamic University,
Chittagong Chittagong, Bangladesh
[email protected]
The demand for decreasing cost and volume and also for increasing efficiency leads to
a constantly increasing power density of converter systems. Many Electronic
applications could benefit from a power converter able to achieve high efficiency
across wide input and output voltage ranges. However, it is difficult for many
conventional power converter designs to provide wide operation range while
maintaining high efficiency and constantly increasing power density. High efficiency
series parallel resonant DC to DC converter is one which is applying on power
electronics equipment’s such as, telecom power supply, Mammography, computed
tomography, mobile equipment charger etc. For its high performance in telecom power
supply we intended to design and implement a prototype of this proposed [6] converter.
In this regard this paper contains the facts behind the choice of the resonant converter,
prototype design and design of gate drive circuit etc. with result and complements.
Keywords—Resonant DC-DC converter; DC-DC converter; converter; resonant;
prototype; seriesparallel; telecom; applications; DC-DC
36
PGSRET 233
Analysis of impact induced damage in composites for
wind turbine blades
Himayat Ullah1*, Vadim V. Silberschmidt2
1CESAT, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough
University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
*[email protected]
Glass fabric-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites used in wind turbine blades are
usually exposed to large-deflection bending impacts caused by wind storms, heavy
rainfall, water splashes and hailstones in the offshore; and sand and dust impingement
in the desert environments. Such loadings can cause deterioration of structural integrity
and load-bearing capacity of the blade structure due to induced damage in the form of
matrix cracking, delamination and fibre fracture. These types of damage mechanisms
become more detrimental and pose a threat to the fatigue life of the turbine blades.
In this work, first the load-bearing and energy absorbing capability of woven GFRP
laminates is investigated under impact loading. Experimental tests are conducted to
characterise the behaviour of GFRP composites under large-deflection dynamic
bending in Izod type impact tests using Resil impactor. Impact tests are performed at
various energy levels to determine the ultimate fracture toughness of the laminates. In
these tests, the material demonstrated interply delamination damage due to weaker
matrix at low energy levels. At higher impact energies, apart from delamination, the
material also exhibited permanent deflection instead of catastrophic fabric fracture. The
latter was due to the visco-elasto-plastic nature of the glass fibres apart from the
thermoplastic matrix. The deformation behaviour and delamination damage ensued by
dynamic loading is also studied by developing three-dimensional finite element (FE)
model in Abaqus/Explicit commercial package. In FE model, multiple layers of bilinear
cohesive-zone elements are defined at the damage locations. Stress-based criteria and
fracture-mechanics techniques are used to assess damage initiation and its progression,
respectively. Numerical results gave good correlation when compared to the dynamic
response observed in experiments. The methodology developed here can be employed
in damage tolerant design of wind turbine composite blades subjected to similar impact
loading conditions.
37
Keywords—GFRP, Wind turbine; finite-element model; permanent deflection; damage
tolerant.
PGSRET 256
Investigation of the effects of calcination temperature
on structure of LaMgAl11O19 for thermal barrier
coating applications
Hafiz M. Saleem , Kamal Mustfia, Zahid Nazir, Zuhair S Khan*, M.S. Awan**
Center for advanced studies in energy (CAS-EN) National university of sciences &
Technology (NUST) H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
**Ibn-e-Sena Institute of technology (ISIT) Islamabad, Pakistan
*[email protected]
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) is the most common thermal barrier coating material
with a temperature tolerance up to 1200°C above which it undergoes phase transitions
deteriorating its thermo-mechanical properties. Apart from YSZ, oxides having the
complex Magnetoplumbite structure such as LaMgAl11O19 are potential candidates for
even higher temperature applications due to their thermo-physical properties. In this
work, LaMgAl11O19 was synthesized through sol-gel citric acid method using nitrate
precursors. The powders were subjected to calcination treatment for 5 hours at 1000 °C,
1100 °C, 1200 °C, 1300 °C and 1400 °C. The microstructure was analyzed by XRD
and SEM techniques. XRD results identified a pure single phase of LaMgAl11O19,
obtained successfully at 1200 °C. Effects arising from changing calcination temperature
show that lattice strain reduced and crystallite size increased with increase in
temperature. SEM results revealed that the platelet structure of LaMgAl1O19 was
obtained which could increase thermal tolerance.
Keywords— thermal barrier coating, microstructure, sol-gel, calcination.
38
Session 5
Energy System
Technology and Management
39
PGSRET 29
Technical and financial analysis of 50MW wind farm at
Gwadar, Balochistan
Samreen Siddique1, Rashid Wazir2, Zia Ahmad Khan3, Naseem Iqbal4
USAID funded Center for Advanced Studies in Energy at NUST (CAS-EN) NUST
Islamabad, Pakistan
2
[email protected]
Statistical and computational models have been used worldwide by the researchers
to predict time series. This paper implements two techniques; Autoregressive Integrated
Moving Average models and Neural Networks backpropagation algorithm to predict
wind speed time series for Gwadar, a coastal city of Balochistan. Based on the wind
speed predict, power output has been estimated of a 50MW wind farm, choosing the
appropriate turbine and optimum hub elevation for the installation of wind turbine.
Furthermore, a financial study is presented of such a wind farm at Gwadar. For
turbine selection, 317 turbines of various ratings and manufacturers were surveyed
through software at different elevations - 60m, 80m, 100m and 120m. The results
show that Neural Networks capture the trend in the wind speed time series more
accurately than its statistical counterpart. Also, the optimum hub elevation for installing
wind turbine at Gwadar is found to be 100m. Annual energy production under these
circumstances is found to be 58.31 GWh/year.
Keywords— wind farm optimization; Neural networks; ARIMA; Wind power
predicting.
40
PGSRET 30
Investigation of thermal behaviour and kinetic analysis
of Pakistani biomass: Rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and
wheat straw using thermogravimetric analysis
Qari M. K. Waheed1, Shahid Maqsood2, Rashid Nawaz3, Anas Bin Aqeel4
Institute of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology
Peshawar, Pakistan
2,3
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology
Peshawar, Pakistan
4
College of E&ME, National University of Science and Technology, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
1
[email protected]
1
Sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw and rice husk are amongst the most abundantly
available agriculture residues in Pakistan. Constant supply and huge quantities of these
residues make them favorable option to replace the fossil fuels. Thermal degradation of
these three samples was studied using TGA at three different heating rates of 5 °C min1, 20 °C min-1 and 40 °C min-1. The three samples were heated from 25 °C to 900 °C
and the influence of heating rate was investigated. Coats-Redfern method was applied
to calculate the apparent kinetic parameters. The results showed that the apparent
kinetic energy varies from 28.27 kJ mol-1 to 31.98 kJ mol-1, 38.39 kJ mol-1 to 70.22
kJ mol-1 and 25.05 kJ mol-1 to 30.42 kJ mol-1 for bagasse, wheat straw and rice husk
respectively. A clear linear fit was obtained using the Coats-Redfern method with
above 0.96 coefficient of regression for wheat straw and above 0.97 for sugarcane
bagasse and wheat straw respectively. For wheat straw at 40 °C min-1 heating rate and
for the first peak in DTG thermogram of sugarcane bagasse at 5 °C min-1, the order of
reaction was found to be 2.0 and for all three samples, order of reaction was found to be
0.5 for rest of the heating rates. Higher heating rates caused the lateral shift in the TGA
thermograms of all three biomass samples but the amount of residual char and ash
were unaffected. It was observed that the higher heating rate caused the sudden
release of volatile matter from the sample merging the different weight loss peaks, as
were evident at lower heating rate in the DTG thermogram of sugarcane bagasse. The
values of pre-exponential factor were found to be varied from 12.77-111.08 min-1,
117.92- 1.17x106 min-1 and 21.45 -5.92x104 min-1 for rice husk, wheat straw
and sugarcane bagasse respectively. For order of reaction of 0.5 at 20 °C min-1 heating
41
rate, three biomass samples can be arranged in terms of activation energy: wheat straw
> sugarcane bagasse > rice husk.
Keywords— Non-isothermal kinetics, Coats-Redfern method, Rice husk, Sugarcane
bagasse, Wheat Straw, Kinetic analysis, Biomass kinetics
PGSRET 56
Study of Scope and Effects of Isolated Small
Distributed Generation Sources and their Integration
With Existing System
Muhammad Rizwan Javed1, Mohsan Islam2,
Zaheer Babar3
1
University of Engineering and Technology,
Taxila,Pakistan
2
UCET,Islamia University of
Bahawalpur,Pakistan
3
Nust,Pakistan
Electrical energy is a major necessity of every organization of world and the electrical
energy demand is increasing day by day. From past few decades, electricity is
generated centrally and then distributed over the whole areas of the country. But many
problems occur in centrally generated system like huge power loss in transmission line,
intermittent switching of load etc and another major issue arising from last few years is
severe load shedding in our country. Load shedding, a last stage solution of balancing
power generation and consumption, greatly affects the economy of any country because
economy is based upon industrial and commercial sector of any country and an
electrical power is backbone of any industry. Now a days, industries and other
organizations place their own local generation due to severe loadsheding. These
organizations and industries have some standby power to meet their future needs and
these local generations are in the form of renewable as well as nonrenewable sources,
also termed as distributed generation sources.
In this paper, we made an analysis for integration of different distributed generation
sources with existing distribution system feeder. For this we made a survey of some
selected organizations and collected data of their own total power production and
42
standby power. After this Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) software is
selected for analysis. Whole model of the distribution feeder and standby power is
designed in the software. These distributed generation sources (DGS) are then
integrated and fed into the power system. After successful completion of this whole
modeling, analysis process has done. Analysis of voltage profile, losses in the power
systems, reliability and at the end economic analysis and feasibility study is made. The
results of these analyses are discussed in detail in this paper.
Index Terms— ETAP, DGS, Integration, voltage profile, Simulation.
PGSRET 85
Economic Planning of Network for Integration of
Renewable: A Review
Engr. Hafiz Muhammad Bilal1, Akif Zia Khan2
USAID funded center for advance studies in energy(CAS-EN) National University of
Science and Technology
Islamabad, Pakistan
1
[email protected] [email protected]
Integration on large scale of distributed generation into the distribution system can
change the role of system from passive to active but also show significant changes in
planning approach, distribution network operations and designing. Planning approach
that is being used for today’s distribution system can’t fulfill the integration method for
distributed generation and conventional system in an economical way because of the
fact that planners are not able to deal with complex environmental decisions and
lower development budgets for renewable. This review paper proposes the key facts
that should be under consideration to make the distribution network more economical
for the integration of renewable.
Keywords: Renewable energy resources,planning,distribution network.
43
PGSRET 88
Optimal Electric Vehicle Load Management for
Minimization of Losses
Arsalan Hussain Zaidi
FAST NUCES University, Karachi
[email protected]
Integration of renewable energy sources in distribution network has increased, in order
to reduce power losses in the network. Electric vehicle can complement the stochastic
nature of renewable sources. Electric vehicle batteries can store power while the excess
amount of power available in network. The primary idea is to have optimal power
losses for the residential distribution network. It can be achieved by managing the
Electric vehicles charging in the network. The objective of this paper is to focus on
reducing power losses in the systems as well as maintaining the voltage profile of the
network Optimization method is applied to generate EV battery placement strategies on
a real distribution system. Voltage and current levels are monitored on DIgSILENT
power factory. Power losses are optimized in the MATLAB optimization toolbox
(Optimitool).
Index Terms— Radial distribution network, Power Losses, Electrical Vehicles and
Optimization
PGSRET 127
Reduction in Building Energy Requirements by
Modern Energy Conservation Techniques
Waqas Khalid1, Qurat-ul-Ain Mehfooz2, Narmeen Irshad3, Dr. Waqar Mahmood4,
Imran Ali Shah5
Alternate Energy Research & Innovation Lab, KICS-UET Lahore, Pakistan
1
3
Energy Deficiency problem can be addressed either by increasing generation or by
efficient consumption of energy. Shortage of electricity generation and excessive usage
of electricity power has promoted the energy conservation measures. Energy audit
of building identifies flaws in load consumption; and overall energy performance
profile can be improved. This case study presents the complete energy audit of a Public
44
sector Multi-Office building located in Lahore, Pakistan.A methodical analysis has
been performed and potential Energy Conservation Recommendations (ECRs) are
proposed for the building. These ECRs are backed up by the financial analysis.
Analysis concludes that more than 30% energy can be saved by efficient utilization and
retrofitting
measures only. On field collected data has been analyzed using
software; DIALuxEvo 3 for lighting system, Hourly Analysis Program (HAP4.41) for
heating and cooling system and Smart-Viewer for thermal imaging.
Keywords—Energy Audit; Energy Conservation
PGSRET 151
Heating/Cooling Degree Days and Building
Energy Consumption in Pakistan
Dr. Irshad Ahmed1, Imran Iqbal2
1
Department of Mechatronics, Air University, Islamabad
2
Department of Mathematics, Air University, Islamabad
1
Pakistan suffers a continuous energy crisis and needs all out efforts to overcome this
problem. The use of locally available renewable energy and energy conservation offers
a viable solution to the energy crisis. As Pakistan consumes 50% of its primary energy
in the building sector, and therefore, it offers a huge potential for energy saving.
The study estimates the energy consumption in buildings as a function of heating and
cooling degree days for all climate zones of the country. Both components (weather
independent and dependent) of the energy used in buildings are calculated using
EnergyPlus software. Energy consumption is estimated both for conventional buildings
and buildings built approximately Building Energy Code of Pakistan (BECoP). The
results show a huge reduction in energy consumption in BECoP buildings. The paper
also demonstrates how to calculate energy consumption in houses in all zones of
Pakistan.
Keywords—Degree Days, Building Energy Consumption, EnergyPlus Software
45
PGSRET 170
COPE: Cooperative Power and Energy-efficient
Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Saima Jamil1 , Saqib Jamil2 , Sheeraz Ahmed3 , Muhammad Zubair1 , Farman
Sikandar3
1 Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
2 University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
3 Institute of Social Policy and Research (ISPaR), Peshawar, Pakistan.
Cooperative routing is a cross-layer technique uti-lizing the benefits of cooperative
communication at physical layer and appropriate route selection at the network layer.
This reduces not only the power consumption but also the delay in the data transfer
between nodes. Cooperative routing is a potential scheme for lowering the effects of
channel fading and increasing the transmission energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSNs). In this paper, a new protocol Cooperative Power and Energyefficient routing protocol (COPE) has been proposed and its performance has been
compared with Low Energy Adaptive Cluster (LEACH) and Power Efficient Gathering
in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) routing protocols. The comparison is based
on performance metrics of energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio and throughput.
Simulations are conducted to validate the performance of COPE with that of two other
non-cooperative routing protocols.
Keywords: Sensor Networks, Routing Protocol, Power- Aware, Throughput, Residual
Energy.
46
PGSRET 264
Utilization of Geothermal Energy in Jordan
1
Adnan I. O. Zaid1*, Zuhair H. El-Isa2 and Radwan J. Zaid Al-Kilani3
University of Applied Sciences, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department,
Jordan
2
Geology Department, University of Jordan, Amman11442, Jordan
3
Geology Department, Alnajah University, Nablus, Palestine
*[email protected]
Jordan is a developing non-producing oil country; the major part of its needed
energy is imported from the neighboring countries in the forms of oil and gas, for
example, in year 2007 the demand for primary energy reached about 7438 million tons
of oil equivalent, with a growth rate 3.5 % which is 1.2% more than the year before and
is expected to be much more in the future due to the immigration from the neighboring
countries because of the war crisis in the neighboring countries. The cost of this
imported energy creates a heavy financial burden on the national economy which
reflects on the development plans and the standard living of the people. Therefore it is
of great necessity to look for utilizing other energy resources. Investigations and
research work carried out by universities staff and the National Energy Research Center
have shown evidence that Jordan has a potential geothermal source of energy which can
be utilized in producing heat and electricity.
In this paper Bouguer gravity data, obtained from a detailed gravity survey that was
conducted at the Zarqa Main Zara geothermal field, east of the Dead Sea, are evaluated
and combined with other previously obtained geophysical results including
aeromagnetic, deep seismic soundings and seismicity. The observed gravity data clearly
reflect the complex nature of the structural geology and tectonics of the study region. It
revealed the presence of a number of local and regional Bouguer anomalies with
different sizes, amplitudes and orientations. These anomalies are interpreted to have
been caused by subsurface basic to ultrabasic igneous intrusions located within the
uppermost part of the crust, mostly at depths 0.5km – 1.5km or shallower. With a
density 3.15 g/cm³ – 3.2 g/cm³, these have originated from the upper mantle. Travel
times of P and S-waves propagating through the study region indicate that some of the
subsurface bodies may be in a semi-solid state. The elevated temperature of the
geothermal springs of the study area is suggested to be caused by deep water circulation
that is facilitated by the permeability of the sedimentary and igneous rocks and both
47
local and regional faults. The hot igneous intrusions remain the major source of heating,
though normal geothermal gradient may add slightly to this heating process. The
temperatures of the water springs in Zarqa Main- Zara thermal springs are below the
boiling point; several applications are suggested to be utilized in the agricultural and
industrial fields. Finally, the binary thermodynamic cycle is suggested to utilize this
geothermal source in a power plant for generating electricity as the total flow of this
thermal water is 25X 10^6 m3/year with an average temperature of 50 degrees
centigrade. An approximate estimation of the output power is 3-4 Mega- Watt.
Index Terms— Renewable Energy, Geothermal Energy, Low Temperature Utilization,
Jordan Energy Resources, Reducing Green Gasses.
PGSRET 277
The Status and Prospectus of Renewable Energy in Palestine
Adnan I. O. Zaid1*, Radwan J. ZeidElKelani2, Nabil Beithou3
1,3
Jordan
2
*[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
The people in Palestine are facing critical situation concerning the achievement of
reliable and sustainable energy. The absence of fossil fuel, the scarcity of conventional
energy resources and lack of a Palestinian infrastructure for about four decades due to
the continuous Israeli occupation had resulted in hindering the development of the
country. Palestine has to import all its needs of petroleum products and about 92% of
its needs of electrical energy from the Israeli Occupier. This resulted in continuous
deterioration of the development plans and also hindered the development initiatives.
Recent exploration of natural gas in Gaza Strip gives hopes and new opportunities for
gas industry in Palestine; these hopes are constrained by the Occupation. In spite
of all these challenges, Palestine has gone forward to utilize its natural resources for
rehabilitation and construction. In this study the possibility of utilizing the available
renewable energies in Palestine is taken into consideration, these include: wind, solar,
geothermal and biomass energies. Obstacles facing renewable energy development
were discussed in terms of Policy and politics obstacles, technical obstacles and social
obstacles. Suggested policies were proposed to overcome those obstacles,
such
as
48
the creation of a national fund, the development of governmental policies,
regulations,
provisions and incentives
to
encourage
use
and investment
in
renewable technologies, experience exchange and giving attention to small scale
projects which when accumulated can produce a value.
Index Terms—Renewable
Energy,
Geothermal
Energy, Low Temperature
Utilization, Jordan Energy Resources, Reducing Green Gasses
PGSRET 278
Geothermal Energy in Palestine Practical Applications
Adnan I. O. Zaid1*, Radwan J. ZeidElKelani2, Nabil Beithou3
1,3
Jordan
2
*[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Energy is a main factor in developing nations. Energy is almost a must for surviving
with dignity. Palestine situation is different from other countries which can import their
energy needs from outside. Palestinians are facing a critical shortage in energy due to
Israeli Occupation. They must depend on the naturally available energy to survive in
dignity and develop their lives. In this paper the scope of using geothermal energy in
Palestine is taken into consideration, its availability and practical applications, as a
source of renewable energy, which is identified by the reliability and sustainability. It
has been found that the Palestinians should depend on their own free energy,
geothermal energy has a notable role in reducing the residential energy consumption
especially for the heating and cooling purposes. Geothermal energy could also be used
to reduce the electrical bill that overloading the Palestinians shoulders by using low
temperature geothermal water in generating electricity.
Index Terms—Renewable Energy, Geothermal Energy, Low Temperature Utilization,
Palestine Energy Resources, Reducing Green Gasses
49
Session 6
Fossil fuels Power Generation system and
Technology
50
PGSRET 53
Heat Estimation of Road Side Herbs: GT Road, Wah Cantt.
Engr. Muhammad Ishfaq Khan1, Dr. Liaquat Ali Najmi2,
Habib-Ur-Rehman Khan3
1
International Islamic University, Islamabad, 2,3SCET(U.E.T., Taxila), WahCantt,
1
Energy has become a prime concern in the recent past due to ever increasing demand of
hydrocarbons and their depletion at an alarming rate. The issue has drawn attention of
scientists and engineers, who are exploring alternate renewable energy avenues like
solar energy, wind energy, wave energy and biomass; the latter has also become an
avenue that is being explored by scientists. The research work has extended the concept
of Biomass with respect to Pakistan by estimating raw heat energy available from a
strategically chosen sample area in Wah Cantt region along G.T. Road, to get
conservative estimates. The samples collected and analyzed depict encouraging results.
Key Words- Renewable Energy; Gross Calorific Value; Energy Farm
PGSRET 54
Prospects of Bagasse as a Feasible Bio-fuel for
Electricity Generation in Pakistan – A Realistic
Approach
Engr. Akhtar Saeed
Department of Electrical Engineering DHA Suffa University Karachi - Pakistan
Pakistan is facing an acute shortage of electricity power since former few decades. The
main reason behind the fact is that there has always been a lack of courtesy by the
policy and decision makers of the country towards enhancing the installed capacity of
the sector, as well as discovering other ways to implore the power from renewable
resources. Pakistan is an agricultural country whose economy is primarily based on the
agronomic yields, one of which is sugarcane – a cash crop. Thru the process of
extraction of sugar from the sugarcane, a stuff named Bagasse is leftover which has
been evidenced as a viable bio-fuel. Numerous countries across the globe are
consuming Bagasse to generate electricity, but regrettably in our country, this valued
51
renewable resource has mostly been thrown away as a mere trash. Keeping in view the
country's existing yield of Bagasse, Pakistan has an estimated capacity of about 3000
MW of electricity generation by its usage.
The rest of the paper is structured as follows: The first part involves a brief description
of Bagasse, its recent usage and significance as a bio-fuel across the globe. The second
part highlights its existing usage in Pakistan - stressing its importance. The third part
focuses the prospects of its consumption in the country, based on both the existing as
well as the projected outputs. In the concluding part, some recommendations are
underscored for its optimal usage to counter the electricity shortfall.
Keywords—Bio-fuel, bio-mass, bagasse, electricity generation, electricity shortfall,
renewable resource, sugar industry
PGSRET 59
The cost for economic growth: A study on the Energy
Demand of Pakistan using TIMES
Syed Atif Rafiq Shah*, Muhammad Mubassir Saleem, Hafeez-ur-Rehman,
Dr. Bilal Khan
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Center for Advanced
Studies in Energy (CAS-EN), H-12, Islamabad.
*[email protected]
Pakistan is blessed with an abundant stock of indigenous energy resources. Despite the
availability of these sources, there is a widening gap between supply and demand. The
following paper presents a quantitative and analytical study on the current energy
situation of Pakistan, along with a methodology to reduce the gap. The paper
emphasizes the urge for a need to use energy models in order to forecast an increase in
demand. This can be achieved by using TIMES, a model which shows a detailed
relationship between energy commodities and the relevant processes required to
achieve those particular commodities. This methodology helps in developing an
applicable reference energy system, thereby solving for the least cost energy solution to
create a more comprehensive picture of the country's energy system under varying
policies and possibilities. The results will portray future demand projections along with
energy marketing strategies necessary to meet growing demand.
Keywords—Pakistan; energy; TIMES
52
PGSRET 60
Effect of increase in Utility Price on feasibility of a
Power Generation Project
Taimur Ali Khattak1, Dr. M. Shahid Khalil2
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Energy Engineering, UET, Taxila,
2
Professor, Department of Energy Engineering, UET, Taxila,
1
The major factor influencing the feasibly of any power
generation
project
is
comparison of its production against the commodity or the energy utility it is
going to replace. In this case cost of energy is that parameter. As the trend shows
an increase in utility bills, continually increasing prices of energy will make
renewable and hybrid energy projects even more attractive. This paper describes the
effect of increase in prices of energy utilities (like electricity, natural gas) that can make
the project more feasible if considered during planning phase.
Keywords—Power Generation, Project Feasibility Study, Energy Prices
PGSRET 90
Protection of Distribution Systems with Significant
Penetration of Distributed Generation
Rakesh Sinha1, Arsalan Zaidi2
1
Dept of Electrical Engineering, Kathmandu University
2
Dept of Electrical Engineering,FAST NUCES University, Karachi
2
[email protected]
With increase of distributed generators (DG) in power system, there arise the potential
for operation of power system during islanding mode as well.
Along with its
advantages, there come challenges with protection system due to change in short circuit
current (which is the primary factor for overcurrent relay setting).
In this paper,
investigation of impact of Distributed Generators (DG) in protection system of the
distribution network has been carried out. Simulation based study regarding
protection issue during islanding condition has been carried out for distribution network
in mid Himmerland (Denmark). Use of definite time overcurrent relay along with
directional overcurrent relays has been proposed for the reliable protection scheme.
Simulation in ‘DIgSILENT Power Factory’ shows the proper selectivity and
53
coordination of overcurrent relays for 3 phase faults during various cases, such as
islanding or shutdown of some DG.
Keywords-Overcurrent Relay; Power system protection during islaning.
PGSRET 269
Production of Biofuels from Micro ALGAE and green wastes
through Anaerobic Digestion
Muddasar Habib1*, Intisab ul Haq1, Pakeeza Mustafa1, Hira Rehman1, Rovaid
Khan1 and Amad Ullah Khan1
1
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Engineering &
Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +92-3348314662; fax: +92919218180
*
[email protected]
The basic aim of this work was to explore the possibilities of producing the bio-fuels by
green waste recycling from the available, inexpensive & echo-friendly resources. The
state of the art recovery of green energy from green waste & algal biomass was
explored with less energy intensive processes. Many different methods are in use to
produce bio fuels; however this new technique stands out among them due to its choice
of raw materials and processing. Mixing of residue algal biomass after extraction of oil
& green waste is suggested to prepare the feed for further extraction.
The lipid
extractor and Anaerobic Digester (AD) form the heart of this process. Bio-ethanol, biodiesel, omega 3 and astaxanthin will be extracted from micro-algae and while the
biogas will mainly result from AD. Bio-ethanol can be used in vehicle transportation,
bio-diesel can be blended with fossil diesel in a specific ratio to produce B20. The
omega 3 is an important supplement for human body metabolism while astaxanthin is
an antioxidant which is used on the skin to protect it from sunburn. Complex chemical
reactions take place in AD, resulting in the production of biogas that contains 50-60%
methane and 30-40% CO2 with traces of H2S, H2 and NH3.
Keywords— Anaerobic Digestion; Omaga-3, Bio Fuel, Bio Gas, Lipid Extraction
54
Session 7
Mixed Topics
55
PGSRET 257
Efficient Multiple Lines Outage Detection in
SmartGrid
Ashfaq Ahmed1, Muhammad Awais2, Muhammad Naeem3, Muhammad Iqbal4,
and Alagan Alpalagan5
1,2,3,4
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Campus, Pakistan
3,5
Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
{ashfaq.ahmed, muhammadawais}@ciitwah.edu.pk, {muhammadnaeem,
miqbal1976}@gmail.com, [email protected]
To avoid blackouts in the energy system, the knowledge of the state of the power lines
has critical importance. To get the timely conscience, Phasor Measurement Units
(PMUs) are used to provide real-time synchronized measurements of voltage and
current phasors of the buses. The deployment of PMUs is done to first detect any single
or multiple line outage, and further to identify the correct line in outage. But if these
approaches are applied to more multiple line outages, the search space grows
exponentially. To reduce the computational complexity in case of multiple line outage
detection, stochastic optimization methods can be used. These methods give near
optimal solution with an acceptable computational complexity. In this paper, the use of
phasor angle measurements and optimal deployment of PMUs to identify multiple
power line outages is investigated. An adaptive version of estimation of distribution
algorithm (EDA) is proposed to detect and identify the lines in outage. In this adaptive
EDA thresholding technique is introduced in order to get better solutions. It is shown
that
the
proposed algorithm is achieving a better success rate than the other
evolutionary techniques.
Index Terms—Estimation of distribution algorithm, smart grids, power systems,
line outages
56
PGSRET 08
Implementation and Performance Analysis of two
MPPT Algorithms based on Push-Pull Converter
Kanwar Ahmed Mustafa1, Ameer Ahmad2, M. Usman Aziz3, Aneesa Yousaf4
Department of Electronics, University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore, Pakistan
1
3
[email protected]
This paper represents the comparison and performance analysis of two MPPT
algorithms which are practiced on DC-DC converter, Push-Pull converter to get
maximum power from solar panel at challenging weather conditions. The main
advantage of this project is to determine that which algorithm gives best results in
quickly achieving and maintaining Maximum Power Point of solar Module (100W) out
of Incremental Conductance (IC) and Perturb & Observation (P&O). By using
ATXMEGA128A1 microcontroller this project gives faster response and shows
consistency.
Keywords—Photovoltaic power generation, Maximum Power Point Tracking
techniques, PV array
PGSRET 77
Simulation and Implementation of Solar Power Battery Charger
using Perturb & Observe Algorithm
Jehanzaib Ali1, Usama Ijaz2, M. Hasan Khan Niazi3, M. Shahroze Amer4, M.
Mobeen Younis5 and Waqas Hassan6
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Advanced Studies in
Engineering, Islamabad Pakistan.
1
3
[email protected], [email protected],[email protected],
6
[email protected]
As solar energy is a renewable energy that has the capacity to lessen the energy crisis in
the world, so there is a strong need to harvest and utilize this energy. Solar power is
readily available in the regions like UAE, South Asia, etc. so there is a strong need to
implement solar power harvesting techniques to lower the energy crisis. This paper
57
describes the simulation and implementation of a solar energy based MPPT battery
charger. The proposed design uses a microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560 based upon
ATmega2560) that works on feedback from a PV panel and voltage of a battery, which
is to be charged, and controls the operation of a buck-boost DC-DC converter in order to
draw maximum power from the PV panel. Perturb and Observe algorithm is used to
operate the circuit at maximum power point irrespective of the present humidity,
temperature and irradiance conditions of the PV panel. The battery is used to store the
solar power so as to get energy when required and as per use i.e. if AC, then an inverter
can be connected after the battery and if DC, then a DC-DC converter can be used
according to need. The proposed design is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and
implemented on hardware.
Keywords—MPPT, PV panel, buck-boost DC-DC converter, microcontroller.
PGSRET 116
Non- Linear Analytic Approaches of Power Flow
Analysis and Voltage Profile Improvement
Raheel Muzzammel, Muhammad Ahsan, Waqas Ahmad
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Power-flow analysis or load flow analysis is a numerical analysis of the flow of electric
power in an interconnected system. The goal of this analysis is to obtain complete
information of angle and magnitude of voltage for each bus in a power system for
specified load and generator real power and voltage conditions. Once the required
information is achieved, real and reactive power flow on each branch as well as
generator reactive power output can be analytically determined. Due to the nonlinear
nature of this problem, numerical methods are employed to obtain a solution within an
acceptable tolerance. In this paper, Gauss-Seidel, Newton-Raphson and FastDecoupled methods are compared with respect to their performances, convergence rates
and outputs for IEEE 14 bus system. Further, fact controllers i.e., static VAR
compensator for improvement in the voltage profile is also designed and implemented
and a comparison will also be drawn between the voltage profiles with or without the
absence of fact controllers.
Keywords—Power Flow Analysis, IEEE 14 bus system, Guass- Seidel Method,
Newton-Raphson Method, Fast-Decoupled Method, FACTS Controllers
58
PGSRET 137
Solar Power Remote Monitoring and Controlling Using
Arduino, LabVIEW and Web browser
Haider-e-Karar1, Aziz Altaf Khuwaja2, Abdul Sattar3
1,2
Department of Electrical Engineering Sukkur IBA Sindh, Pakistan
3
Department of Electronics Engineering QUEST Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan
1
3
[email protected]
This paper
proposes an effective and efficient graphical user interface (GUI)
to real time control and monitor the DC power generated by solar panels and DC
power consumed by load locally and remotely. There are two GUIs provided server
and client. Server computer needs to be installed near to solar panels for
monitoring and controlling locally while client GUI can be accessed by using a web
browser from any part of world, authorize person can monitor and control all
operations. Server and client GUI are designed by using LabVIEW and LabVIEW
UI builder while hardware is developed with Arduino Uno, current and voltage
sensors, relays and charge controller. Monitoring interface uses real time measurement
results to prepare the power, current and voltage graphs,
it is also possible to
record and reach database file to analyze history of renewable energy source (RES)
system. This will also help to increase performance of the existing solar system also
other alternative resources of energy. In this system monitoring interface contains
power production and consumption, voltage and current graphs and meters on a
GUI. Controlling feature includes turn on/shutdown of solar system, increase or
decrease energy consumption, generation and switching to other available system.
Keywords—Solar Power, LabVIEW, UI Builder, Remote Moni- toring, Arduino.
59
PGSRET 154
Simulation, Design and Fabrication of an Efficient
Single phase Transformer
Muhammad Shahzad Aziz1, Hafeez-ur-Rehman2, Sohaib Ahmed3,Majid Ali4
1,2,4
Center for advanced studies in energy (CAS-EN), National university of sciences &
Technology
H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
3
Electrical Engineering Department Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
4
[email protected] ; [email protected]
Transformer is a vital component of electric power systems for transmission and
distribution. Robust design for the efficiency enhancement is the main stress in the
fabrication of a transformer. Efficiency of a practical transformer is limited by the
losses which are accounted for the design and manufacturing imperfections. This paper
deals with the simulation, designed and fabrication of a 0.30 KVA, Single phase, Shell
type, tapped transformer. Design and fabrication of this transformer has been made
possible by the special calculations and design procedure. Simulation has been
performed in MATLAB. Open circuit test and short-circuit tests have been performed
to investigate the losses and efficiency of the designed transformer. Simulation results
and experimental results have been compared which are closely matching.
Keywords— Single phase transformer;
design; fabrication; simulation; MATLAB
PGSRET 171
Electronic Ballast Circuit Configurations for Fluorescent Lamps
Sheeraz Ahmed1, Faizan Amir3 , S.Riaz-ul-Hasnain2 , Duri Shahwar1 , Saqib Jamil1
1
University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
2
CECOS University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
3
Institute of Management Sciences (IMS), Peshawar, Pakistan
The new Electronic ballast as a starting element has replaced the conservative ballast
system of fluorescent lamps. These highly efficient electronic ballasts are preferred
over conventional electromagnetic ballasts due to their excellent features, such as
weight reduction, increased efficiency in terms of light output and decreased flicker to a
large extent. This is particularly achieved by increasing the frequency of operation from
normal 50/60 Hz to 40 kHz, hence improving the lamp efficiency by approximately
10%. Numerous research studies are being conducted in order to reduce production
60
costs and to make the electronic ballasts a more attractive alternative. The dimming
control capacity in electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps has been quickly increased
due to high potential of energy saving and the comfort to users but has new challenges
in the design of electronic ballast.
Keywords: Ballast System, Lamp efficiency, Dimming control, Flicker.
PGSRET 74
Optimization based Individual and CooperativeDSM in
Smart Grids: A Review
Zafar Ali Khan 1, Saeed Ahmed 2, Rab Nawaz 3, Anzar Mahmood4, Sohail Razzaq
5
1,2,3
Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and
Technology Mirpur AJK, Pakistan
4,5
1
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
4
Residential sector constitutes major portion of electricity market and majority of the
worldwide consumers are not able to interact with grid dynamically according to
fluctuating conditions. Smart Grid is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the
existing grid with integrated bidirectional communication and control infrastructure
including dynamic Demand Side Management (DSM). This paper presents a detailed
review of the DSM and its applications for flattening of load curve and reduction of the
peak to average ratio. The paper reviews the optimization techniques used in smart
homes at individual user level and cooperative DSM for optimal usage of electricity.
For optimization purpose, the residential consumers are mostly treated at individual
level and work on the cooperative DSM, also known as community base DSM, is in
initial stages and has great potential of research. In traditional DSM, consumers actions
are not coordinated but in cooperative optimization the DSM is applied for entire
community. Comparison between individual DSM and cooperative DSM optimization
techniques has also been added
61
PGSRET 186
DC Voltage regulator for battery less PV system using PPT
Tila Muhammad1, Adnan Umar Khan2, Nouman Jamil3, Junaid Zameer4,
Muhammad Khawar5
International Islamic University Islamabad
1
[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
k, [email protected], [email protected]
Our country is facing immense energy deficit, local businesses and industries
operating in day time such as steel, clothing, and groceries are getting affected. All
these sectors need some reliable and low cost alternative power generation systems
other than the conventional ones that can provide them power in day time because most
of the industries production takes place in the day time. The idea is to provide
renewable energy power system, but currently the renewable energy systems available
in market requires a large amount for capital investment and their maintenance after a
year or two because of batteries being used in it. Thus renewable energy power
system
which
does
not contains batteries has very low maintenance cost in
long-run, suggested system is a battery less MPPT based voltage regulator that
be
integrated
with
inverter
directly.
Our suggested system
has
can
been
demonstrated by simulation and verified by hardware implementation.
Keywords— Battery, DC Voltage Regulator, Grid Tie Inverters, PV panel, machines,
MPPT, renewable energy.
PGSRET 202
CFD Analysis of Flow Blockage through Coolant
Channel of Part-I
M. Q. Ali, * W. Siddique, I. Haq , M. Ahmad
Department of Nuclear Engineering, PIEAS, P. O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
*[email protected]
The objective of this paper is to verify the steady state analysis of PARR-I using CFD
code in Fluent, compare its result with 1-Dimensional code and to study the
hypothetical accidental case of flow blockage in one of its coolant channel. Pakistan
Research Reactor (PARR-I) is a pool type research reactor with peak thermal power of
62
10 MW. Three dimensional steady state thermal hydraulic analysis for average as well
as hot channel had been performed. Key parameters of flow have been calculated using
different turbulence models. For comparison, outputs have been compared with the data
available in First Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) of PARR-I. Range of variations in
results of each of these turbulence models have been compared with literature. This
helped in selecting the final model and grid for steady state thermal hydraulic analysis.
Buckling in average as well as hot channel has been applied on the selected grid for
both average and hot channel conditions. Three case studies of buckling have been
considered with 50%, 75%, and 95 % blockage to the coolant flow. Clad temperatures,
bulk temperature rise and increase in pressure drop are computed and integrity of core
has been computed.
Keywords- CFD; Thermal hydraulic analysis; PARR-I; Flow Blockage
PGSRET 207
Robust Fault Detection of Linearized Power Grid
Network System
Talha Wahab1, Muhammad Abid2, Abdul Qayyum Khan3, Ghulam Mustafa4
Department of System Engineering, PIEAS, Islamabad
1
talha [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
4
[email protected]
This research paper is concerned with the robust fault detection of swing dynamics
model for power distribution network through fault monitoring observers. Classical
nine bus system is used as a test system and it is modeled as a descriptor system for
which simple algorithmic approach for robust fault detection is applied using fullorder generalized observer based on parametric eigenstructure assignment approach
and finally threshold is generated for the residual signal.
63
PGSRET 220
Voltage Profile – A study related to Sustainability to
the Customers
Noman Nisar
Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Finland
[email protected]
Maintain a perfect sine wave voltage and constant magnitude is really challenging,
due to different aspects like the load unbalance, distribution line impedance, poor
power factor, non-linear loads etc. Increase in the usage of the semiconductor
devices in the appliances that are used in the consumer level as well as industrial
level is distorting the voltage quality. Some of the major voltage quality issues that are
faced by the utility as well as the consumer are discussed. Those voltage quality issues
have deleterious effect on the customer appliances, and make them prone to failures.
These failures monetarily affect the consumers that have sensitive equipment.
Different mitigated solutions are proposed to improve the voltage value fluctuations.
The paper mainly covers the different reasons of the voltage value distortions that are
caused by the different aspects, starting from the distribution network constraints to
the faults that are very common in the low voltage system. The voltage quality
problems that are severe from customer point of view are:
-voltage magnitude variation
-voltage sags
-voltage harmonics
Key-words: Power Distribution Networks, distribution generators (DG), voltage sags,
voltage swell and voltage quality issues
64
PGSRET 262
Effects of Covered Cold Water Inlet on Discrete Hot Water
Usage from Domestic Hot Water Storage Tank
1
N. Beithou1, S. Jaber2
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Applied Science University,
Amman-Jordan
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Madaba, Jordan
1
The most important commodities in our life are energy and water. Many techniques
were used to save water and energy, including water recycling, energy recovery and
energy efficient devices. In this study the effect of using a cover on the cold water inlet
of hot water storage tank with a discrete usage type was investigated experimentally.
The selected flow rate was 8 lpm and the waiting periods were 5, 10, and 15
min respectively. The temperature distribution through the tank, and temperature
stratification were achieved and analyzed. A positive influence of using a covered inlet
on saving higher amounts of hot water was observed. It has been found that using a
suitable cover on the cold water inlet reduces the turbulent mixing in the hot water
storage tank, thus saving much of the hot water within the tank for later usage. Most of
the cold water was accumulated at the bottom side which increases the efficiency of the
solar collectors when used. The best waiting period was 10 minutes under the
experiment circumstances, this result is not absolute, and more investigations regarding
the water flow rate and the waiting periods should be done.
Index Terms— Usable energy, Domestic Storage Tank, Energy Saving, Water
Management, Discrete Water Supply.
65
Contact us:
Secretary (PGSRET)
International Islamic University,
Sector H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Ph: +92 51 9019071
Fax: +92 51 9258025
Email: [email protected]
URL: http://iiu.edu.pk/pgsret2015/
2nd International Conference on power Generation
Systems & Renewable Energy Technologies
(PGSRET-2015)

PGSRET-2015 - International Islamic University, Islamabad

Transcription

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