Philippe Starck, iconic designer and sole juror of the first
Transcription
Philippe Starck, iconic designer and sole juror of the first
148 Frame Moooi Award Philippe Starck The Right Philippe Starck, iconic designer and sole juror of the first Frame Moooi Award, on the winning entry, the end of trend and saving lives. Words Robert Thiemann ‘Design has become fashion’ ‘We can begin.’ Philippe Starck indicates that he’s ready to talk. For the past ten minutes he’s been concentrating on the list of questions I mailed him earlier and on the ten winners he selected for the Frame Moooi Award. We’re in the interview room of his Paris office, not far from the Eiffel Tower. It’s seven thirty in the evening. Starck has already been through a couple of interviews and a photo shoot. Between the acts, he pauses to discuss work with his designers. He doesn’t know who I am or why I’m there. But after those ten minutes of intense concentration, a wonder occurs. He’s all ears and answers my questions without hesitation. Seriously and in detail. Starck doesn’t know that he’s chosen a design by Bertjan Pot as winner of the first Frame Moooi Award, since he received a sheaf of ‘anonymous’ entries to the competition. He doesn’t recognize Pot’s name and is surprised to hear that he works for Moooi. But he’s not surprised when I tell him that Moooi’s bestselling Random Light was designed by the Dutchman. ‘When people are good, they are good.’ And ‘good’ is Starck’s opinion of Bertjan Pot’s Stairway to Heaven, a hanging lamp based on a stepladder – and the winner of the Frame Moooi Award 2012. The Frame Moooi Award rewards furniture and lamps custom-designed for a specific interior. We believe these ‘contextual’ products satisfy an architectural need, respond to a new function or address a particular problem. Especially from a functional perspective, they’re potentially more innovative than ‘non-contextual’ products, most of which address the desire for mass reproduction. Do you agree? Nothing is black or white. Creating a product for a specific place can bring fresh ideas, because this place will bring a new mood, open a new universe. That’s interesting, since it can breathe fresh air into the design market. Another advantage is that people coming from almost nowhere can show their know-how. Architects and interior designers who have never created a product can suddenly create something interesting. Because they need noitceriD café], the product is smart and affordable. But to sell it on the mass market would be ridiculous, because it’s not designed to be shipped in a box and the price would be extremely high. Even thinking about manufacturing it is silly, because it must be made by hand. This shows the huge gap between the worlds of the custom-made product and design for the market. You cannot say one is better than the other. Each has its own logic, its own price, its own destination. What can you say about the general level of the entries we sent you? I’m often invited to judge competitions. I’m happy to say that the level of this one is clearly higher than average, a very nice surprise. I find in the entries what interests me. They are poetic, political, economic, tricky, humoristic and smart. Moreover, they are mainly based on the elegance of less and on economy with a big E. Some projects are beautiful but clearly very costly. To do that now is a little obsolete. I don’t say it’s bad; it simply doesn’t fit into my perspective. In general, the design direction taken feels right to me – but I’m not God. Okay, there is nothing clearly ecological here. So what? There are others who do that. You say you’re not God, but for this competition you are God. We have only one juror. Do you like that idea? I think it’s very good. I was part of many juries and have often witnessed the jury syndrome: to reward the worst project. In a jury there are always two or three tribes with different likes. In the end you are obliged to choose a project that hasn’t been chosen by any of these tribes – to make everybody happy. I’ve seen disasters happening this way, especially in big architecture competitions. Everything which becomes political like that is bad. I know my job. I take my responsibility. I said clearly it’s my choice; that doesn’t mean it’s the choice. But it’s clear there’s no compromise; no one forces me to choose a specific project. It can look unjust, but finally it’s not. If you always take one juror for this competition, in five or six years you’ll have a complete landscape of opinions. …… 149 So you don't think Bertjan Pot’s Stairway to Heaven can be developed into a product for the market? No. Or only as an elitist product – a lot more expensive than other good suspension lights. So it will mainly be sold in one of the design art galleries, and we cannot call that serious production. This kind of design – though I hope I’m mistaken – can’t be sold in batches of more than 200 pieces, and that would be a miracle. When we’re speaking of design [for the market], on the other hand, we’re talking about millions of pieces. It’s not the same game. Photo Florence Maeght Frame Moooi Award perhaps a thousand pieces for a hotel, they create an order big enough to start production. But I don’t think this kind of product is better than a design for the market. It will not be sold. To arrive at the price of a design for a hotel or another specific project, the multiplication factor is only one or two. To estimate the price of a product designed for the market, you have to multiply the costs by a factor between four and six. The designer has to preview this margin. If he doesn’t and follows the same logic as when designing for a project, the production costs have to be multiplied by five. This means that the product will become impossibly expensive for the general public. So if you want to make a product for the market, the way to make this product is part of the design. That is, if you are a designer like me and you care about the final price for the customer. Also, the manufacturing technologies are not the same. When you design something for a project and need only 12, 50 or even 200 pieces – the thousand I mentioned would be a miracle – you can’t do serious research and development. Nor can you invest in tooling. That means the manufacturing technology always has to remain simple. That’s why products for a project usually cost more; you cannot divide the cost of production by the number of pieces. So there is almost no relation between a product designed to be sold in a shop and one created for a project. It’s absolutely not the same logic. You cannot compare them. Now let’s have a look at the winner and his very funny ladder – and I love it; that’s why I chose him. For this specific project [a theatre Philippe Starck ‘We speak a lot about creativity, while in fact there is but little of it’ Philippe Starck ‘Forget furniture; let’s use our fantastic creativity to save life’ 150 Frame Moooi Award … What’s important for the next juror? The next one should not be like me, because my choice clearly shows a political and philosophical direction. A small part of each of these finalists lies within my way of working. You always choose something that surprises you but that is also part of yourself. All these projects are in my world. But there are different worlds. You say these entries surprised you, but do they also reveal new design directions? No. The directions taken are what I’ve expected for years. I’m not a design historian. I haven’t got enough culture; I’m not interested enough in design. Every job, every action, deserves to exist. Everything can be useful, and there are many ways to be useful. But in the past 20 years I haven’t seen many things that express the idea of usefulness. Design has become fashion. Designers have become fashion designers. I’ve seen too many trends. They can be fun and even bring new ideas, as long as they’re not retro-oriented. But it’s a disaster when a trend stays around too long. In the past 20 years I’ve seen only retro trends. We had the ’30s, the ’50s, the ’60s, the ’70s, the ’80s. Now we turn back to minimalism, which is just an English trend of the ’70s. There was almost nothing new. It was really fashion. It’s sad when design falls into the trap of fashion, especially since fashion – the real fashion, with clothes – will partly die because of its way of thinking. Fashion as we know it is dead. The other part will evolve towards design; it will address other values. People today don’t understand that part of fashion. The ones who do understand future values will definitely be closer to the way product designers think. What is the difference between fashion designers and product designers? The difference is huge. It’s a pity to see journalists trying to create a mix of fashion – clothes – and design, because they are not the same thing. The ways of producing and the reasons for production differ greatly. A fashion designer can create a new piece in 48 hours and have it shown on the catwalk within three months. A copy can be made in 24 hours. Fashion designers are owned by companies that want money, big money. And they push their designers to produce, and produce, and produce. When I was young, there were two collections a year: autumn/winter and spring/ summer. Now we have at least six collections a year. The terrible thing is that these big fashion companies are the largest buyers of magazine advertising and therefore drive communication. They drive magazines. And they push people in a very cynical way to buy, and buy, and buy. The fashion industry has become impossible and not respectful. First of all, people in the occident can’t continue their lifestyle, because they won’t have enough money. It’s economically impossible. Secondly, it isn’t acceptable from a philosophical perspective. Take fur. Ten years ago there was a big thing about it: don’t wear it; don’t kill animals. [His tone becomes cynical.] Good, wow, they’ve become smart. The following year the same models and the same companies had fur everywhere. I don’t know if you can continue to lie to people, to not respect them. Perhaps we can react against it. We are not obliged to accept it. When a girl is manipulated by the marketing and communication department [of a fashion house] and, finally, by a small red dress, she wears it between two and six months. Then it ends up on the garbage heap. I won’t even speak about the ecological disaster when hundreds of millions of people behave like this. Let’s talk about this girl, especially where she will find the money. If she works, she will spend all her money, her life, her time, her sweat, her blood to pay for that small red dress. If she doesn’t have the money for it, she’ll prostitute herself or simply steal. Fashion is a Machiavellian machine which is no longer acceptable. Now for another, more structural difference between fashion and design. A dress can be made in one day. A smart injectionmoulded chair needs between two and five years to be manufactured. Louis Ghost [a design by Starck for Kartell], which is perhaps the world’s bestselling chair, took five years and an investment of more than a million euros to make. Today it’s easier, but even now a period of two or three years is the average for a chair to come to the market. One day to make a dress, three years to make a chair. You see, it’s not the same logic. You can push a fashion designer to make a new collection. It can come out badly, but you can always show it. It takes time for a designer to have a smart idea for a chair and to develop it. In the fashion business, they’re obliged to create a new collection every two months, whereas we designers are obliged by nothing. We can produce when we have an idea. There’s a huge difference. Today we are still free. Because the companies behind us are not so big and rich, and not so involved in compromising communication, we are still in a luxury position. You haven’t seen any new designs because product designers behave like fashion designers? Yes, and I see it as an easy way. I’m sorry; I don’t want to sound like a dinosaur. But when we started with design, it was really hard. Nobody wanted a new product. The industry hardly existed. There were a few good, old Italian designers and a few equally old Italian manufacturers. That was all. To be a designer meant to be Italian. Now, imagine a French designer trying to get in. In the beginning I had nothing to eat. I started making a living from my work as a designer some 30 years later, when I was almost 45. Having nothing to eat makes you smarter and more rigorous. Since nobody wanted a new product, you were obliged to think twice before you presented a new design, hoping that someone wanted to manufacture it. Now it’s really easy, because the press continually wants – as in the fashion industry – a new design, a new star. A designer is something that can be consumed by the press; he’s like a Kleenex to the editors. Three years is the life span of an average designer now. In the time of Achille Castiglioni, Enzo Mari and Alberto Meda, it was 50 years. That’s why I’m very happy to see that the young designers whose work I’ve been judging for this competition don’t fall into the trap of easy design. What is easy design? Trendy design. There is a new trend every five years, maximum. Making ‘easy design’ is designing like the others do. Today’s trend of minimalism has stayed for ten years. Longer than others, because it contains the word ‘minimal’. It means nothing, because it is this ’70s English retro-trend coming from St Martin’s Lane. But the name is magic, because it makes people think: Oh, it’s logical, since we first had minimal art and ‘minimal’ is always the end; you cannot reduce it further. It was a big trick, a big cheat. Now I see all these young people [in this competition] not working within the trend. You can perhaps say that this is a trend. If that’s the case, it’s really good, because it’s difficult to categorize. What are you working on to save life? Sadly enough, I’ve realized I cannot. I simply don’t have a bright idea to save life. I can help. All my work about organic food, the Good Goods catalogue, my prefabricated house, the work we do with ecological high-tech – our windmill, solar panels, transportation vehicles – all very smart, but useless. We’ll perhaps save a little, produce a little energy, but we’ll never produce more than 7 per cent of global needs. The only question is how to reach positive degrowth. I see the problem, but I have absolutely no answer. It’s in the nature of human beings to grow. We love growth. But now someone has to tell us to stop producing, to stop growing. Forever? I don’t know. For the next 20 to 30 years? I have no idea. Nor do I have answers to the question of how to stop producing. My only contribution – and it will never be at the level of saving life, because I cannot – is fundamental research on creativity, which has never been done before. We try to understand why and how we are creative. We speak a lot about creativity, while in fact there is but little of it. Will you still design chairs? Yes, I will, because I’m human. I need to eat and to feed my family. For me, it’s technically impossible to stop. I design to serve my society. A long time ago, I stopped doing so. The Spanish company Disform was the first company to work with me. Very nice people. They asked me for some new designs, and I never had the time to answer. I had just started to work with the Italians, you see. One day I met the director, Carlos Riera, and asked: ‘How are you? How is your company?’ He said: ‘We’re bankrupt. We don’t have any employees or a factory any more.’ I asked what happened. He replied: ‘I’m sorry, Philippe, we asked you to show us some new designs, but in two years’ time you never answered.’ I’m very ashamed of that. These people were good, but they could no longer feed their families because of me. Since then, I know I have my responsibilities. I’m free for a person in my position, but a young guy is really free. He doesn’t yet have responsibilities. He has to face our problems and take the right direction. _ 151 ‘I see the end of trend’ What A joint venture of design label Moooi and Frame magazine, the Frame Moooi Award targets interior designers and architects who have custom-designed a piece of furniture or a lamp for a specific interior. This award is Frame and Moooi’s attempt to raise the design of furniture and interiors to an even higher level When The international prize was awarded for the first time at the Salone del Mobile 2012 in Milan Jury The jury consists of one person only Entries After reviewing 891 anonymous entries, Philippe Starck – Frame Moooi Award’s first juror – selected a winner and nine finalists Prize The winner of the award receives a grand prize of €25,000 Frame Moooi Award So we’re looking at the end of trend. What should design be about in 2012? The only challenge you have is to save life. I’m not comfortable wasting my time speaking about the beauty of a chair any longer. Humanity is at a very important point, because we are at the end of civilization. Occidental civilization is finished. Intelligence has moved. We were once master of the universe; now we shall be the maid. This can be understood as a disaster by people with a short-term view. But if you understand the new situation as an incredible new territory, a new field of creativity in which to reinvent ourselves, to reinvent our new poverty, our dignity . . . mixed with all the political and ecological challenges, it’s fantastic. You know, there is a good example featuring the worst people: the banking traders. They make money when the stock exchange goes up, but they sometimes make even more money when it comes down. For us designers, the same is true. We will have more opportunities to create interesting things as we go down. We have to understand that we’re But how can a chair save life? It’s time to take a break and return to our priorities. During this interview, some people will die because they have nothing to eat, others because they have no water, bad water, no more ground under their feet because there’s too much water. Meanwhile we, in a comfortable room, are speaking about the latest creation of a designer. That’s a bit absurd. If I was 18 today and smart enough to understand our real problems, I would say: Forget furniture; let’s use our fantastic creativity to save life. If we work well, perhaps in 15 or 20 years’ time we will have the opportunity to discuss the beauty of a lamp. But I hope not, because in fact it’s a bit ridiculous. 891 Entries Philippe Starck What trend do you see today? I see the end of trend. It started to notice that about five years ago. When Alchimia and Postmodernism were the trend, everything was the same. Copy machine, copy machine, copy machine. And now minimalism: just look at the sofa catalogues today, and you’ll see that they’re all the same. Here on this table in front of me [looks at the ten finalists’ work], not all designs are the same. It’s individuality. Fifty years ago design was individuality. Now I see the creativity of individuals coming back. Design used to be exclusively Italian; now it’s this guy who happens to be Dutch, or French, or Italian. It’s not the same thing. The more confusing, the better, because it’s more complicated for the press to understand. It’s easier to make a guerrilla action with these people in front of me than when everybody wears the same uniform. in another place, that we’ll be poor. Perhaps in the next 20 or 30 years, when the new masters have a faster cycle, we will recognize their situation and see that their problems are the same ones we once had. If we work well, we might come back on the stage with new solutions. If we don’t, we will be the next Incas or Romans, an old civilization that died. Game over. That can be a drama for us, but not for global civilization. The world will continue to turn. The only sad thing is – we were not so bad. We had some good ideas. That’s why it would be a pity to lose us. So, we have a philosophical and political eldorado in front of us. One of the big challenges now is to save life. I’ve never seen design do that. Stairway to Heaven Winner and Finalists Winner ‘It all started with a new safety ladder we ordered for the studio and carnival lights we used for a different project. Suddenly it seemed like the perfect illogical combination . . . rawness and glitter,’ is Bertjan Pot’s explanation of Stairway to Heaven, a lamp that his studio designed for Grand Café Wennekerpand in Schiedam, the Netherlands. Located in a former distillery, the café has an industrial vibe enhanced by a dazzling row of Stairway to Heaven pendants. Bertjan Pot turned his light-studded ladders upside down and hung them from the ceiling above two of the café’s long wooden picnic tables. 152 Frame Moooi Award bertjanpot.nl ‘It’s smart, because it’s a good example of the right way of thinking. It immediately gives a surrealistic feeling, which is very fertile and easy to understand, even for people without culture. Surrealism is timeless; it’s a universal way of communication. It’s an icon, and there are few strong icons in our society. When you play with such an icon, you play with collective memory. You start to be part of the subconsciousness of society, which is what I like best’ Philippe Starck Words Inês Revés ‘Incredibly smart. With just a sheet of acrylic between two panes of glass, they made something magic’ Finalist Philippe Starck Mist of Arch Winner and Finalists Photos Takumi Ota Diagonally placing a sheet of white acrylic resin with a metallic core between two translucent panes of glass, Keiko+Manabu produces a dramatic effect at rest-room entrances in a Tokyo department store. The duo’s Mist of Arch wall features LED lights that form glowing points of illumination within the space. Patterns on the wall are different for rest rooms used by men and by women. ‘We strongly feel that a cheerful and welcoming public space can help give energy to people,’ says Keiko Uchiyama of Keiko+Manabu. keikomanabu.com Frame Moooi Award Finalist Kroon zmik.ch ‘I like Kroon very much. Very smart, because it’s made of very cheap lights used by car mechanics. This one has the look of a winner’ Philippe Starck 153 A large chandelier brightens the entrance hall of a residential and office building in Basel, Switzerland. ‘Kroon combines the elegance of an Art Deco chandelier with a smart contemporary design,’ says Mattias Mohr of ZMIK. The pendant consists of standard workshop lights, a star-shaped element of polished chrome and a metal ring. A contrast between high-end materials and cheap industrial products gives the object a particular charm. ZMIK used LED strips, which are reflected in the polished star and, says Mohr, ‘refine the design while creating a more brilliant expression’. ‘Very interesting, because it gives a shop with a limited budget the opportunity to have some sort of art piece made of metal tubing that works with and without clothes’ Winner and Finalists Philippe Starck Sketch Like a doodle scrawled in midair, Ypsilon Tasarım Studio’s striking yellow display unit draws the attention of all who enter the Bilstore Tünel shop in Istanbul. Yeşim Bakırküre of Ypsilon Tasarım, who headed the project, calls the concept that led to Sketch ‘a linear search’ that began and ended with ‘the function of a clothes hanger’. Made from powder-coated steel tubing with a high-gloss finish and available in various models, Sketch aims to engage the shopper, who, says Bakırküre, ‘gets involved in the creative process’ while browsing for clothes. Frame Moooi Award ypsilontasarim.com 154 Finalist ‘This project interests me a lot, because it shows that with a half-millimetre-thin sheet of plastic and glue you can change the mood of a place completely. The locker room suddenly becomes human and fun. This type of thing can add life to an interior’ Philippe Starck Finalist ‘This table becomes a chalkboard and can be stored in a smart way’ Philippe Starck Education Trestles and Easels Winner and Finalists For the educational space at the Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum in Rotterdam, Studio Makkink & Bey came up with Education Trestles and Easels. ‘The design was developed from the form of a basic trestle and is wide enough to be a table,’ says Rianne Makkink of a versatile product that fulfils multiple functions. ‘Two trestle tables can be joined with a larger tabletop to form a longer table,’ says Makkink’s partner, Jurgen Bey, ‘and the same tabletop can be used, vertically or horizontally, as an easel.’ Table and legs are made of high pressure laminate; metal connectors can hold pencils or pointers. Frame Moooi Award studiomakkinkbey.nl Finalist What’s in Your Locker? lab3.nl 155 Dutch design studio Lab3 jazzed up a high-school hallway in Baarn, the Netherlands, by covering the doors of 499 lockers – on opposite sides of the 50-m-long corridor – with graphic prints of the typical contents of a teenager’s school locker. ‘What’s in Your Locker?’ is part of Lab3’s larger contribution of visuals to the Baarnsch Lyceum complex, a venerable school in a brandnew building. ‘We came up with seven prints showing what students might stash in their lockers,’ says Lab3’s Anne Blussé van Oud-Alblas, ‘including books, an artificial ear, bananas, a bottle of glue – then added some empty lockers.’ The result is casual, innovative and sustainable. ‘Very elegant way to present shoes, which is not so easy. The idea of using a number that is also a light is smart, because you don’t have to approach the salesperson except to say, “I want this one in 36,” and it’s done’ Philippe Starck Winner and Finalists Shoe Box Facet Studio designed its modular Shoe Box for Sneakerology, a store in Sydney, Australia, with a name that reveals the merchandise within: sneakers. The walls display 281 Shoe Boxes that give each model the status of a museum artefact; a corresponding number facilitates interaction among client, internet and staff. Translucent resin panels with built-in lighting accompany the plywood boxes, providing enough illumination for the entire shop. Facet Studio credits repetition for the ‘euphoric effect’ that allows shoppers ‘to experience an amplified emotion’. Frame Moooi Award Finalist facetstudio.com.au 156 Ray For the headquarters of mechanical systems global manufacturer Danfoss in Nordborg, Denmark, SHL Design created Ray, an extremely minimalist lamp made to be used in combination with a lamella ceiling. ‘When the light is off, the fitting appears to have the same colour as the lamellae, leaving the lamp almost invisible against the ceiling’s visually clean, uninterrupted surface,’ says head designer Lars Vejen of SHL. When the light is on, Ray’s rhythmic geometry emphasizes the three-dimensionality of the space. ‘I love it, because it’s minimal and very smart. I’m working on something similar. It’s what we need sometimes: absolute invisibility’ Philippe Starck Finalist shldesign.dk Photo Adam Mørk Finalist Caelum pablomartinezdiez.com Winner and Finalists ‘Minimal poetry, which is always good’ Providing illumination in the basement café of renowned Barcelona sweet-and-pastry shop Caelum is Pablo Martínez Díez’s lamp of the same name. Sparkling in the dimly lit interior, where guests partake of artisanal delicacies made in Spanish monasteries, are what the designer calls ‘little points of cool light’ above the presentation of mouthwatering treats. Each lamp consists of a flexible rod equipped with an LED. Several prototypes preceded the definitive Caelum, which had to be small and emit a minimum of heat. Philippe Starck Frame Moooi Award ‘This is perhaps one of the weaker entries, because it’s not true. You cannot make it with a real bottle. It’s a little costly, and we know the concept, but it’s poetic and charming’ Philippe Starck Decanterlight leebroom.com 157 Lee Broom uses vintage crystal decanters as lampshades and breathes new life into a forgotten product. ‘The Decanterlight was designed as an alternative to the traditional chandelier,’ says Broom. Grouped in clusters, the lamps become ‘an eye-catching centrepiece wherever they are hung’. Purpose-designed for Coquine, a bar in London, the Decanterlight relies on found objects, making each piece unique. Lamps come in clear crystal or with a metallized gold finish and are available in two shapes: bell and square. Finalist Moon Jelly evandouglis.com Other Entries A random selection of other entries to the Frame Moooi Award 2012 The handcrafted chandelier that Evan Douglis Studio designed for a restaurant in Brooklyn, New York, is a sculptural fantasy of 45 mouth-blown, bubbleshaped components. Macro Frame Moooi Award Freeform Using only black electrical cables and bare bulbs, Romanian outfit Square One came up with a lighting scheme that evokes trees branches, an ideal complement to the allegorical world of Entrance, a concept store in Bucharest. 158 squareone.ro M-Furniture For a concert hall in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, Van Eijk & Van der Lubbe designed the M-Furniture, a modular furniture system comprising six pieces. ons-adres.nl In the rest room at Rome's Macro Museum, visitors washing their hands in ODBC’s novel sinks are surprised when an embedded light turns the translucent material of the basin from white to red as water flows from the tap. odbc-paris.com Other Entries Table A table in the luxurious interior of Fabergé Salon, a jewellery store in Geneva, Switzerland, is the work of Jaime Hayon, who framed the matte-lacquered white tabletop in a rich mahogany border. hayonstudio.com Helix Shelf Series guise.se Mountain Curve Frame Moooi Award Guise’s freestanding black sheet-metal displays at Fifth Avenue Shoe Repair, a boutique in Stockholm, Sweden, look like helix-shaped stairs that spiral from floor to ceiling. Inspired by the undulating contours of surrounding mountains, Nader Interior designed wood seating pods for a cable-car waiting area at Valley Station in Laax, Switzerland. nader-interior.ch 159 Photo Stéphane Chalmeau Lighting The team at h2o realized an irregularly staggered ‘coffered’ ceiling in the press room of the French Ministry of Agriculture in Paris. Made of koto wood, each light box has a uniquely perforated design. h2oarchitectes.com