Analysis of electricity production in EU-28 up to

Renewables International. www.renewablesinternational.net
Analysis of electricity
production in EU-28 up to
2014 with a focus on
renewables
Bernard CHABOT
BCCONSULT, Garbejaire B107, 06560 VALBONNE, France
Consulting and training on Sustainable Energy
Email: [email protected]
1
Content
Scope, main findings and conclusions:
3
Sources and References:
4
Electricity production and consumption up to 2014: 5-10
Monthly electricity production in 2014:
11-18
Shares of renewables production by countries:
19-27
Renewables, fossils and nuclear capacities in EU: 28-31
Average annual full load hours in EU-28 in 2013: 32-33
2
Scope, Main Findings and Conclusions
 This document presents data and analysis related to the electricity production in the European
Union up to 2014 from the last data provided by ENTSO-E, EUROSTAT and BP.
 Provisional data give a total of electricity production in EU of 3,100 TWh in 2013 from EUROSTAT
and 3,013 TWh in 2014 from ENTSO-E (excluding Malta in this last case).
 Final electricity consumption was 2,778 TWh in 2013. Both production and final consumption are
now lower than their maximum that occurred before the 2008 economic crisis.
 According to the ENTSO provisional data for 2014, with 848 TWh renewables provided 28.1 % of
the 3,013 TWh production (of which 13 % and 455 TWh from non-hydro renewables) compared to
27.7 % from nuclear and 42.2 % from fossil fuels.
 The growth of electricity production from renewables (mainly from wind, bioenergy and now
solar PV and a consequence of the 2001 and the 2009 Directives on renewables) has allowed a
sharp decrease of electricity production from fossil fuels, even in the context of a decreasing
nuclear electricity production since 2004, which is now lower than renewables.
 The monthly combination of wind production (more than 235 TWh in 2014 and 7.8 % of total
according to ENTSO data) and the solar PV production (more than 95 TWh and 3% of total) results
in a total of more than 326 TWh and 10.8 % of total EU electricity production, with a profile well
adapted to the monthly EU-28 demand (see slides 17 and 18).
 EU-28 Renewable electricity production is still concentrated in a small number of Member States,
which gives the opportunity for a larger potential growth up to 2020 and to 2030.
 All renewables installed capacities are increasing, compared to a decrease for nuclear since 2003
and for fossil fuels from 2012, but fossil fuels have still the highest installed capacity. Recent
decreases in renewables net annual changes of capacity should be reversed in order to ensure (in
combination with energy efficiency and demand change management) a success for EU energy
security and climate change policies and in order to reach the 2020 and 2030 RE targets in EU.
3
Sources of data and main references
 ENTSO-E data: www.entsoe.eu/data/data-portal/Pages/default.aspx
• Data for 2014 are provisional
• ENTSO-E data include all EU-28 countries except Malta
• Data for new renewables may not be provided explicitly for some countries. For
example data for PV are not provided for UK and data for wind are not provided for
Austria. In such cases, relevant data may be included in the renewables total or in the
subtotal « non-hydro renewables »
 EUROSTAT: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/
• Data for 2014 are provisional
 BP Statistical Review 2014 www.bp.com
 Refer to author’s preceding analysis and conclusions on electricity, renewables and nuclear:
 « Analysis of nuclear market and electricity production up to 2014 and 2040 with some strategic comparisons with
renewables », on line April 1st, 2015 and downloadable as PDF at ; http://www.renewablesinternational.net/nuclearand-renewables-past-present-and-future/150/537/86653/
 “Analysis of the Global Electricity Production up to 2013 With a Focus On the Contribution From Renewables”, on line
July 14,2014 and downloadable at: www.renewablesinternational.net/world-electricity-production-in2013/150/537/80167/
 « Analysis of Electricity Production in USA up to 2014 with a Focus on Renewables And on Wind Power», on line
March 19, 2015, and downloadable as PDF at : http://www.renewablesinternational.net/us-renewable-energy-data2014/150/537/86312/
 « Electricity in Germany up to 2014 with a focus on the production and the share from renewables », on line January
22, 2015, and downloadable as PDF at: www.renewablesinternational.net/germanys-largely-unsung-success-withefficiency/150/537/84829/
 ”Analysis of Recent Electricity Production and Consumption in France”, online January 21, 2014 and downloadable as
PDF at: www.renewablesinternational.net/overview-of-french-power-data-for-2013/150/537/76134/
4
Electricity production and
consumption in EU-28 up to
2014
5
Both EU-28 production and consumption of electricity are now decreasing due to the
economic crisis and to progress in energy efficiency and demand side management
6
According to the 2015 EUROSTAT data, the growth of electricity production from
renewables (mainly a consequence of the 2001 and the 2009 Directives on
renewables) has allowed a sharp decrease of electricity production from fossil fuels,
even in the context of a decreasing nuclear electricity production since 2004
7
Increases of power from wind, from bioenergy and now also from solar PV
are the main drivers of the growth of electricity from renewables in the EU
8
Renewables are now the second source of electricity in EU-28
2014. Data (p) from ENTSO-E. B. CHABOT - BCCONSULT 4/2015
EU 28 less Malta
GWh/year
% of 2014 production
Hydropower
393 142
13,0%
Wind power
235 322
7,8% 10,8%
Solar power
90 668
3,0%
15,1% 28,1%
Bioenergy
101 721
3,4%
Other RE/non allocated
26 924
0,9%
Fossil fuels
1 270 090
42,2%
Nuclear
833 286
27,7%
Other/non allocated
61 803
2,1%
TOTAL production
3 012 956
100%
9
Renewable electricity production in EU-28 is now higher than nuclear
10
Monthly electricity
production in 2014
11
Electricity demand (including T&D losses) is higher in winter in EU-28
12
.
13
RE and non-hydro renewables production profiles are well adapted to the
monthly demand profile in EU 28
14
Hard coal and lignite are still major electricity production sources in EU-28
15
Monthly non-hydro renewables production is stable along the year
16
Wind and solar (mainly PV) production are complementary along the year and
deliver a combined production well adapted to the monthly demand in EU
17
Wind delivered 72 % of the 326 TWh from [Wind + Solar] in 2014 (10.8 % of
the 2014 EU-28 electricity production (7.8 % from wind and 3 % from solar)
18
Share of electricity
production by countries
19
Electricity demand in EU-28 in 2014 (including T & D losses)
20
.
21
Half of the 2014 EU-28 nuclear production was from France
22
¾ of the 848 TWh of renewable electricity in 2014 was from 7 countries
23
More than ¾ of the 455 TWh of non-hydro renewables in 2014 was from 7
countries and Germany covered near 28 % with 127 TWh
24
¾ of the 393 TWh of 2014 hydropower was from 6 countries
25
Near ¾ of the 235 TWh of 2014 EU-28 wind power was from 6 countries, and
45 % from only Germany and Spain
26
More than ¾ of solar production (mainly PV) in 2014 was concentrated in Germany,
Italy and Spain. The total of more than 91 TWh is already higher than the total of 85
TWh in 2020 proposed for solar PV in the 28 NREAPs published in 2011
27
Renewables, fossils and
nuclear installed capacity in
EU-28 on 1990-2013
28
All renewables capacities are increasing, compared to a decrease for nuclear since
2003 and for fossil fuels from 2012, but fossil fuels have still the highest capacity
29
Higher net annual changes in installed capacities were from renewables since 2000
(except in 2006), with a maximum of + 34.7 GW in 2011, but then decreasing along
with recent and hopefully temporary solar decrease. Nuclear changes were null or
negative since 2000, except in 2002 and recent net changes for fossils are negative
30
In 2014, net changes in capacity were positive for wind, solar PV, biomass and hydro
compared to zero net change for nuclear and very negative changes for fossil fuels
Source: EWEA, Wind in Power, 2014 European Statistics, February 2015
31
Average annual equivalent
full load hours in EU-28 in
2013
32
Mean capacity factor of geothermal power is higher in the EU than for nuclear.
Increase of the RE share in electricity production has decreased both production and
capacity factors of conventional fossil fuels based power plants, a very positive and
encouraging result for energy security and climate policies in EU and Member States
33