Valence Technology, Inc. Saphion® “Safety – Built
Transcription
Valence Technology, Inc. Saphion® “Safety – Built
Valence Technology, Inc. Saphion® “Safety – Built In” Alastair Johnston EMEA Sales Director Version: 15th November 2005 Corporate Overview 1989: Founded as a R&D company focused on Lithium-ion polymer technology >600 issued and pending patents worldwide 2002: New management team from Dell, emphasis on Sales and Marketing 2003: Launched Saphion® Lithium-ion technology: First phosphate based battery chemistry on the market 2003: Launched first N-Charge™ Power System: Consumer product showcasing Saphion technology 2004: Launching K-Charge™ & U-Charge™ Power System: Large format energy storage system. 2004: Move into the cell pack markets with the IFR 18650 and P545 cells. 2004: Set up Valence owned powder plant and pack assembly factory in China 2004: Set up EMEA Sales Office, in Mallusk, N.Ireland 2006: Q1 Launch of U Charge high volume production 2 Valence Locations & Partners Advanced Labs, England Advanced Battery Research Employees: 4 Cell Pack Assembly Plant Suzhou Employees:130 Mallusk, N.Ireland Sales, Engineering Employees: 5 Henderson, Nevada Battery Test Employees: 20 Austin, Texas, HQ Engineering, Sales Employees: 45 Powder Plant Suzhou Employees: 50 System Engineering Shanghai Employees: 30 Battery OEM China Li-polymer cells Cylindrical cells Sinbon N Charge pack assembly 3 ® Saphion Technology & Safety The PO4 advantage O P O Coordination and location determine bond distance and strength Co Tightly bound Oxygen = safety 5 Relative bond energies LCO PO4 Raman Spectroscopy stretching bands: P-O : 1100 cm-1 Co-O (LCO): 540 cm-1 The P-O bond is stronger than the Co-O bond. 6 LiFePO4 vs. LiCoO2: DSC LiCoO2 only Whole cell JES 146(9) Maleki et al. (Motorola): commercial LiCoO2/graphite cell charged to 4.2V Li0.5CoO2 Co3O4 0.5LiCoO2 +1/6Co3O4 + 1/6O2 3CoO + ½ O2 LiCoO2: large exotherm onset at 147°C results in cell safety problem LiFePO4 exotherm smaller and onset at much higher temperature JES 148(3) Yamada et al. 7 Various Chemistries Reactivity Intrinsic Safety of Cathode Materials H e a t F lo w (J /g r ) 1000 800 600 400 200 0 P1a LMO LCO LNO Theoretical basis for safety advantages of phosphates 8 Phosphate Safety Comparison Video http://www.valence.com/SafetyVideo.asp Phosphate remains thermally stable under extreme abuse Abuse Characterization Summary Abuse Requirements UL1642 Third Edition (april 26, 1995), latest ammendment Jun 24, 1999 Test Description Electrical Tests section 10 short curcuit test at room temp connect terminals with wire <0.1mOhm at 60C connect terminals with wire <0.1mOhm a section 11a Abnormal Charge 3 times recommended charge rate for 48hr minimum Mechanical Tests section 12 crush applied load of 13kN between flat plates section 13 impact drop 20lbs from 2 ft onto 5/8in diameter bar section 14 shock 75G initial, 125-175G peak section 15 vibration ramp 10-55-10Hz in 90 minutes, 1.6mm excursion Environmental Tests section 18a heating (hot box) ramp to 150C, hold for 10 minutes section 18b temperature cycling ramp temp between -40 and 70C, 10X section 18c altitude simulation 6hrs at 11.6kPa Abuse Characterization Test Nail Penetration Round Bar Crush Series/Parallel testing 3 parallel Nail penetration 4 series NP on during charge Hot Box (extended) additional failsafe testing Description JSBA standard slow crush to deform cell to induce short simulate proposed battery design do safety devices in cell stop propagation do safety devices in cell stop propagation UL hot box with 150C hold application test to fail Saphion LCO Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Saphion Pass Pass LCO Fail Fail Pass Pass Pass Fail Fail Fail 10 Round Bar Crush Test Round Bar Crush Test - Oxide18650 Round Bar Crush Test - Phosphate18650 S/N 162153 - Temperature vs. Voltage S/N 341387 - Temperature vs. Voltage 650 6.5 600 6 600 6 550 5.5 550 5.5 500 5 500 5 4.5 450 Cell Temp. Voltage 400 4 350 3.5 300 3 250 2.5 200 2 150 100 0 5 10 Test Time (Minutes) 15 20 400 4 3.5 300 3 250 2.5 200 2 1.5 150 1.5 1 100 1 0 0 4.5 Cell Temp. Voltage 350 0.5 50 Voltage Temperature (°C) 450 Temperature (°C) 6.5 650 50 0.5 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 Test Time (Minutes) 11 Voltage Cell vented with heavy sparks and heavy smoke. Overcharge Test Overcharge Test - Oxide 18650 Overcharge Test - Phosphate 18650 (2 Cells in Parallel supply set to 3.6A, 5.0V) 650 600 6 5 500 450 4 400 350 3 300 250 2 200 150 1 100 50 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Test Time (Minutes) Current (A) Temperature (C) 550 Cell Temp. Ambient Temp. Voltage Current Cell insulated in styrofoam to simulate battery enclosure 8 7 6 5 Voltage (V) 700 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 4 3 2 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 90 100 110 120 Test Time (Minutes) Excess Lithium in cobalt cells causes cell to continue to charge until “safety” device is activated. Despite this activation, the cell goes into thermal runaway 15 minutes later, reaching 760C. Saphion® cells have NO excess lithium. After fully charging, the cell quickly reaches the 5V setpoint and the 12 current tapers. The temperature reaches only 50C. Current (A) 750 8 Cell insulated in styrofoam to simulate 7 battery enclosure Temperature (C) Cell Temp. Ambient Temp. Voltage Current Voltage (V) 800 (2 Cells in parallel supply set to 3.6A, 5.0V) Nail Penetration Test Nail Pen Test - Phosphate 18650's S/N 204040 - Temp. vs. Voltage, Current S/N 341488 - Temp. vs. Voltage, Current Nail penetrated cell 7.5 7 700 7 6.5 650 600 6 600 550 5.5 550 500 5 500 5 450 4.5 450 4.5 400 4 400 4 350 3.5 350 3.5 300 3 300 3 250 2.5 250 2.5 200 2 200 2 150 1.5 150 1.5 100 1 100 1 700 Temperature (C) 650 50 0.5 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Test Time (Minutes) 16 18 20 Temperature (C) 750 Nail penetrated cell Voltage (V) 7.5 3 cells in parallel with cells mounted side by side numbered 1-3 from left to right. Nail Pen cell #2. 6.5 3 cells in parallel with cells mounted side by side numbered 1-3 from left to right. Nail Pen cell #2. 6 5.5 0.5 50 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Test Time (Minutes) 13 Voltage (V) 750 Nail Pen Test - Oxide 18650's Products and Segments Backup Power KWh - MWh Portable Power 50 – 300 Wh OEMs and Pack Builders Cells Motive Power 500 – 85000 Wh U-Charge N-Charge K-Charge Watt Hours 15 N-Charge™ Power System Family A family of power sources to facilitate complete mobility Sleek polymer models for thin and light notebooks Modular and scaleable models for DTR and mainstream notebooks Lightweight and compact for ultimate portability Uses notebook PC adapter for recharging Provides fast recharge and long cycle life 16 U-Charge™ Power System A lightweight, high-energy alternative to conventional lead acid batteries designed for wheelchairs, scooters, ebikes and more… High performance, intelligent, reliable batteries Safe, environmentally friendly, Saphion® Lithium-ion technology Low maintenance, long cycle life = Lower lifetime costs! Twice the runtime and 1/3 less weight compared to Lead Acid Fits easily into established 12V and 24V platforms 17 K-Charge™ Power System Kilowatt to megawatts of energy storage for the utility, network and vehicular markets High performance, intelligent, reliable batteries The safest Lithium-ion technology available Flexible form factor Less volume and lower weight Fast recharge time, excellent cycle life 18 $ ! "% # "# 19 Segway Pack Technical Data Max Dimensions (l x w x h) mm 360 x 150 x 82 Weight 5.5 kgs Cell Used Valence Saphion IFR 18650e Number of cells per pack 92 Pack Capacity 400 Wh Continuous Current 16 Amps * Peak Current 30 amps 20 * Rated value, however 30A continuous has been tested with no ill effects.