- Social Hotspots Database

Social Scoping Prototype
Report Product Category 2
Laptop Computer
Catherine Benoît
Deana Aulisio
Susan Overraker
Caroline Hallisey-Kepka
Nick Tamblyn
Gregory A. Norris
Table of Contents
͵
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Research key findings
Summary
ͺ
1. OVERVIEW
Manufacturing and (Out)Sourcing
ͳͳ
2. TYPICAL SUPPLY CHAIN
Mining for Electronics
Manufacturing of Components
Recycling and disposal
ʹͲ
3. SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
Goal and Scope of the Assessment
SHDB Methodology
Hotspots based on Worker Hours
Hotspots based on the Supply Chain (SC)
͵ͳ
4. LITERATURE REVIEW OF SOCIAL ISSUES
͵Ͷ
5. SOCIAL NON-COMPLIANCE AUDITS
͵͹
6. MEDIA CAMPAIGNS
ͶͲ
7. INITIATIVES
Ͷ͵
8. CERTIFICATIONS & LABELING
Ͷͷ
9. CONCLUSION
Ͷ͹
REFERENCES
Ͷͻ
ANNEX I. DETAILS ON THE SOCIAL HOTSPOT DATABASE
͸ͳ
ANNEX II. LITERATURE REVIEW IN-DEPTH RESULTS OF SOCIAL ISSUES
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
Executive Summary
This report presents a scoping for a social life cycle assessment
of laptop computers. The goal is to identify and present the social
hotspots in the laptop life cycle. Social Hotspots are production
activities in the product life cycle that provide a higher opportunity
to address issues of concern (e.g. human rights, community
well-being etc.), as well as highlight potential: Risks of violations,
Risks affecting reputations and Issues that need to be considered
when doing business in a certain sector in a certain region/country.
Š‡ ƒ••‡••‡– Šƒ• „‡‡ ’”‘†—…‡† ‹ –Š‡ …‘–‡š– ‘ˆ Š‡ —•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘•‘”–‹—ǯ•
‡ˆˆ‘”– –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ –Š‡ —•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‡ƒ•—”‡‡– ƒ† ‡’‘”–‹‰ ›•–‡• ȋȌǤ –
ƒ‹• –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‹•‹‰Š–• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ •‡– ‘ˆ •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡
‹†‹…ƒ–‘”• ȋ•Ȍ „› ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡…–‘” ‘”‹‰ ”‘—’•ǡ ‹ –Š‹• …ƒ•‡ǡ –Š‡ Ž‡…–”‘‹…•
‡…–‘”‘”‹‰
”‘—’Ǥ
Š‡‘…‹ƒŽ…‘’‹‰‹Ž‘–•ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘ƒ–‹…‹’ƒ–‡†–‘‹ˆ‘”‘”‡•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–Ž›–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽǤŠ‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ‘…‹ƒŽ…‘’‹‰’”‘…‡••‹•–ƒ‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•Šƒ’‡ǣ
ͳǤ ‘–•’‘–†‡–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘
ʹǤ ‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ…‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ƒ†‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•
Š‘•‡–™‘•–‡’•ƒ”‡…‘’‹Ž‡†‹–Š‹•”‡’‘”–ƒ†•Š‘—Ž†„‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›ǣ
͵Ǥ ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘–•’‘–•ƒ†‹’‘”–ƒ–…‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ƒ†‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•
ȋ„›–Š‡•‡…–‘”‰”‘—’•Ȍ
Š‹• •–‡’ ‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ› …‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ ƒ †‹•…—••‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ϐ‹†‹‰• ƒ† ˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‹‘ ™Š‡
ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ „› –Š‡ •‡…–‘” ‰”‘—’Ǥ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ –™‘ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ •–‡’• ƒ› ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ –Š‡
•‘…‹ƒŽ•…‘’‹‰’‹Ž‘–ǣ
ͶǤ ‘”ƒŽ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹’”‘˜‡‡–‘’–‹‘•ˆ‘”Š‘–•’‘–•
ͷǤ ”‘’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆƒ”‡’‘”–‹‰ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‡ƒ„Ž‹‰…‘’ƒ‹‡•–‘”‡’‘”–‘
—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡†‹…ƒ–‘”•
•‡Ž‡…–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š •–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡• Šƒ• „‡‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹œ‡† ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ‘ˆˆ‡” •‡˜‡”ƒŽ
’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡•‘’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–•ƒ†‡‡––Š‡‰‘ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‡••‡–Ǥ
Š‡ ϐ‹”•– –™‘ •‡…–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡’‘”– †‡•…”‹„‡• „”‹‡ϐŽ› –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ ‹†—•–”› ƒ† ’”‡•‡–•
ƒ ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ǡ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– Ž‹ˆ‡ …›…Ž‡ ’Šƒ•‡• ƒ† ‹–• ƒ‹
…‘’‘‡–•Ǥ Š‡ –Š‹”† •‡…–‹‘ †‡•…”‹„‡• –Š‡ ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰› ƒ† ’”‡•‡–• –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ
–Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ Š‘–•’‘– ƒ••‡••‡–Ǥ Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ Š‘–•’‘–• Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‹• ’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ –Š‡
ˆ‘—”–Š •‡…–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ϐ‹ƒŽ –Š”‡‡ •‡…–‹‘• ’”‡•‡– –Š‡ ƒ‹ ‡†‹ƒ …ƒ’ƒ‹‰•ǡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ƒ†…‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡”ƒ‹•‹‰ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••–‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•‹–Š‡•‡…–‘”•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘Žƒ’–‘’•
ƒ†”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘–Š‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…••‡…–‘”‰”‘—’Ǥ
Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•–ƒ‡•–Š”‡‡–›’‡•‘ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹–‘ƒ……‘—–™Š‡ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’Ž‹ˆ‡
…›…Ž‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ Š‘–•’‘–•Ǥ Š‡ ϐ‹”•– •‘—”…‡ ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• –Š‡ ‘–•’‘– ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹ –Š‡ –Š‹”†
•‡…–‹‘ǡ™Š‹…Š—–‹Ž‹œ‡•–Š‡‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ȋȌ™Š‡ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’Ž‹ˆ‡
…›…Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ ȋ™™™Ǥ•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–Ǥ‘”‰Ȍ ‹• ƒ ”‡•‘—”…‡ ˆ‘” ‘…‹ƒŽ ‹ˆ‡ ›…Ž‡ ••‡••‡–
’”‘˜‹†‹‰ †ƒ–ƒ ‘ ͳͷ •‘…‹ƒŽ –Š‡‡• ‹…Ž—†‹‰ ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ͷͲ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”• „› …‘—–”›ǡ
ƒ†•‡…–‘”™Š‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ǡ—–‹Ž‹œ‹‰‘˜‡”‘‡Š—†”‡†’—„Ž‹…Ž›ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡•Ǥ
™‘ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡ ‘†‡Ž• ™‡”‡ –‡•–‡† ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ –‘ ƒƒŽ›œ‡ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ Ž‹ˆ‡ …›…Ž‡Ǥ
‡ ‘†‡Ž ‹• „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ •Šƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• „› …‘—–”›Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹… •‡…–‘” ȋȌ
‡…‡••ƒ”› –‘ ’”‘†—…‡ ̈́ͳ ‘ˆ …‘’—–‹‰ ƒ† ‘ˆϐ‹…‡ ‡“—‹’‡– ‹ Š‹ƒǤ Š‡ ‘–Š‡”
‘†‡Ž‹•„ƒ•‡†‘ƒ‡š–‡”ƒŽ”‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’Ž‹ˆ‡…›…Ž‡ǯ•ƒ‹’”‘†—…–‹‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•
ƒ† –Š‡‹” ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ••‡••‡–• ‹†‹…ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‘•– ƒ– ”‹•
‘” ‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ƒ††”‡•• ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ Ž‹ˆ‡ …›…Ž‡
ȋ‹‡Ǥǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ Š‘–•’‘–•ȌǤ Š‡•‡ Š‘–•’‘–• ƒ”‡ ’”‹‘”‹–‹œ‡† „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ ‘–•’‘– †‡š –Šƒ–
™‡‹‰Š• –Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ”‹• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ˆ‘” –Šƒ– ƒ† ‹…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡• –Š‡ ™‘”‡”
Š‘—”•”ƒ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡Ǥ
Š‡ •‡…‘† –›’‡ ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ …‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ ƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ”‡’‘”–• ƒ†
†‘…—‡–• †‡Ž‹˜‡”‹‰ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ –Š‡ ƒ‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ˆ‘—† ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ Ž‹ˆ‡
…›…Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‡• –Š‡ ‘†‡Ž‹‰ ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ† ’”‘˜‹†‡• ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –‘ ƒ‡ ‡š’‡”– Œ—†‰‡–• ‘ –Š‡ ‘•– ’‡”–‹‡– •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡•ǡ ƒ†
™Š‡”‡–Š‡›‹‰Š–‘……—”ǡ‹–Š‡’”‘†—…–‹‘‘ˆƒŽƒ’–‘’ˆ”‘…”ƒ†Ž‡–‘‰ƒ–‡Ǥ
Š‡ –Š‹”† –›’‡ ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ •—ƒ”› ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡ ƒ—†‹– ϐ‹†‹‰•
”‡’‘”–‡†„›…‘’ƒ‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•‡…–‘”ȋǡƒ†’’Ž‡Ȍ‹–Š‡‹”•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹•ǯ
•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›”‡’‘”–•Ǥ
RESEARCH KEY FINDINGS
•‹‰–Š‡
Ž‘„ƒŽ”ƒ†‡ƒ†ƒŽ›•‹•”‘Œ‡…–ȋ
Ȍ‡…‘‘‹…‹’—–Ȁ‘—–’—–‘†‡Žƒ†™ƒ‰‡
”ƒ–‡†ƒ–ƒǡƒ‘”‡”‘—”•‘†‡Ž„›™ƒ•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†ǤŠ‹•‘†‡Ž™ƒ•—•‡†–‘”ƒ–Š‡
–‘–ƒŽ’‘••‹„Ž‡͸ǡͶͶͳ™‹–Š–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•–•Šƒ”‡‘ˆ™‘”‡”Š‘—”•ˆ‘”–Š‡•‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ—•‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ
ƒ† –‘–ƒŽ ™‘”ˆ‘”…‡ ˆ‘” ̈́ͳ ‘ˆ Žƒ’–‘’• ’”‘†—…‡† ‹ Š‹ƒǤ ‹‡–›Ǧϐ‹˜‡ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡
™‘”‡”Š‘—”•–‘’”‘†—…‡ƒŽƒ’–‘’ƒ”‡™‹–Š‹–Š‡ϐ‹”•–͹ͷ”ƒ‡†ˆ‘”•‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ–Š‡–‘’͸͸
ˆ‘”—•‹ŽŽ‡†ǡƒ†–Š‡–‘’͹ͳˆ‘”–‘–ƒŽǤŠ‡–‘’–‡‹‡ƒ…Š‘ˆ–Š‡–Š”‡‡™‘”ˆ‘”…‡…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•
ƒ”‡”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›ͺͲ’‡”…‡–‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ™‘”‡”Š‘—”•‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’•—’’Ž›
…Šƒ‹Ǥ ŽŽ •‡…–‘”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘’ –‡ ”ƒ‡† ƒ”‡ Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‹ Š‹ƒǤ Š‡ –‘’ •‡…–‘” ‹ ƒŽŽ
–Š”‡‡™‘”ˆ‘”…‡…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•‹•–Š‡ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡‘ˆ…‘’—–‹‰ƒ†‘ˆϐ‹…‡‡“—‹’‡–ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•
”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”‘”‡–ŠƒͷͲ’‡”…‡–‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ™‘”‡”Š‘—”•Ǥ
Š‘–•’‘– ƒ••‡••‡– ™ƒ• ’‡”ˆ‘”‡† ‘ –Š‡ –‘’ ʹͲͲ ”ƒ‡† ‘”‡” ‘—” ȋȌ THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
—•‹‰ –Š‡ Ǥ ”‘†—…–‹‘ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• Ž‹‡ ”‡–ƒ‹Ž ƒ† ™Š‘Ž‡•ƒŽ‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ˆ‘”‡•–”› ƒ†
Ž‘‰‰‹‰ǡŽƒ†ƒ†ƒ‹”–”ƒ•’‘”–ǡƒ†‹‹‰‘ˆ—”ƒ‹—ǡ‡–ƒŽ‘”‡•ǡƒ†…”—†‡’‡–”‘Ž‡—
‹–Š‡‘—–Š‡–”ƒŽˆ”‹…ƒ‡‰‹‘ƒ†‘œƒ„‹“—‡ƒ”‡–Š‡‘•–ƒ–”‹•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•Ǥ
‹‹‰ǡ‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹–›’”‘†—…–‹‘ƒ†Žƒ†–”ƒ•’‘”–‹†‹ƒƒŽ•‘ƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘…‘–”‹„—–‡•‘…‹ƒŽ
‹••—‡•Ǥ ‹ Š‹ƒ ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ‰”‡ƒ– …‘…‡” ‹…Ž—†‹‰ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ƒ† ‹‹‰
•‡…–‘”•ǡ™‹–Š”‡–ƒ‹Žƒ†™Š‘Ž‡•ƒŽ‡‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†Žƒ†–”ƒ•’‘”–ƒŽ•‘…ƒ—•‹‰Šƒ”Ǥ
 Š‹ƒǡ ƒ– –Š‡ …‘—–”› Ž‡˜‡Žǡ –Š‡ ”‹• ƒ••‡••‡† ˜‹ƒ –Š‡ ‘…‹ƒŽ ‘–•’‘–• ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡
ȋ™™™Ǥ•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–Ǥ‘”‰Ȍ ‹• Š‹‰Š ˆ‘” …Š‹Ž† Žƒ„‘”ǡ ˆ‘”…‡† Žƒ„‘”ǡ ‡š…‡••‹˜‡ ™‘”‹‰ –‹‡ǡ
ˆ”ƒ‰‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ Ž‡‰ƒŽ •›•–‡ǡ ˆ”‡‡†‘ ‘ˆ ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘ ”‹‰Š–•ǡ ƒ† ‹†‹‰‡‘—• ’”‘–‡…–‹‘•Ǥ
– –Š‡ •‡…–‘”Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹… Ž‡˜‡Ž ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡ ‘ˆ …‘’—–‹‰ ƒ…Š‹‡”› ƒ† ‘ˆϐ‹…‡
‡“—‹’‡– ‹ Š‹ƒǡ ™ƒ‰‡• ‹‰Š– ‘– „‡ ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡ ‹ ‡‡’‹‰ —•‹ŽŽ‡† ™‘”‡”• ƒ„‘˜‡
–Š‡ ’‘˜‡”–› Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ ̈́ʹȀ†ƒ› •‡– „› –Š‡ ‘”Ž† ƒ ‘” ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡ ‘Ǧ’‘˜‡”–› ‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡
•—‰‰‡•–‡† „› –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ„‘” ‹‰Š–• ‘”— ȋ•™‡ƒ–ˆ”‡‡Ǥ‘”‰ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǤ Š‡”‡ ‹•
ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ „‘–Š …Š‹Ž† ƒ† ˆ‘”…‡† Žƒ„‘” ™‹–Š‹ –Š‹• ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” •‡…–‘”ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ƒ
˜‡”›Š‹‰Š”‹•–Šƒ–™‘”‡”•™‹ŽŽ„‡ˆ‘”…‡†–‘™‘”‘˜‡”ͶͺŠ‘—”•ƒ™‡‡Ǥ
 ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ͵͵ͷ ™‡”‡ –‡•–‡† „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹Ǥ
š–”ƒ…–‹‘ ‘ˆ …”—†‡ ’‡–”‘Ž‡— ‹ ‰‘Žƒǡ ‹‹‰ ƒ† ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‘……—””‹‰
‹Š‹ƒǡ‘œƒ„‹“—‡ǡ†‹ƒǡƒ††‘‡•‹ƒƒ”‡–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡•Š‘™–‘„‡•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–
ȋ‘•–ƒ–”‹•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•Ȍ‹–Š‡‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–ƒ••‡••‡–Ǥ
Š‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡•ǡ …‘†—…–‡† ‹ ’ƒ”ƒŽŽ‡Žǡ Šƒ• †‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡† ‹‹‰
‹ ‘—–Š ‡–”ƒŽ ˆ”‹…ƒǡ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ‹ Š‹ƒǡ ƒ† ”‡…›…Ž‹‰ ƒ† †‹•’‘•ƒŽ
‹†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰‡…‘‘‹‡•ƒ•„‡‹‰ƒ–Š‹‰Š”‹•Ǥ
……‘”†‹‰ –‘ …‘’ƒ‹‡•ǯ •—’’Ž›Ǧ…Šƒ‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ”‡’‘”–• ȋǡ ǡ ’’Ž‡Ȍǡ
™‘”‡”• ƒ”‡ ƒˆˆ‡…–‡† „› ’‘‘” Š‡ƒŽ–Š ƒ† •ƒˆ‡–› ’”‘…‡†—”‡•ǡ ‡š…‡••‹˜‡ ™‘”‹‰ Š‘—”•ǡ
‹Š—ƒ‡ –”‡ƒ–‡–ǡ †‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ …Š‹Ž† Žƒ„‘”ǡ ˆ‘”…‡† Žƒ„‘”ǡ Ž‘™ ™ƒ‰‡• ƒ† Žƒ…
‘ˆ„‡‡ϐ‹–•Ǥ
„”‹‡ˆ•—”˜‡›‘ˆ‡†‹ƒƒ’ƒ‹‰•–ƒ”‰‡–•–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣŠ‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†•ƒˆ‡–›‹Š‹ƒǡ
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ƒ† ”‡…›…Ž‹‰ ƒ† †‹•’‘•ƒŽ ‹ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ‡…‘‘‹‡•ǡ
…‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‹‰‹ˆ”‹…ƒǡ‹‰”ƒ–™‘”‡”•ƒ†Žƒ„‘”…‘†‹–‹‘•‹‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰
‹ Š‹ƒǤ Š‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… ‹†—•–”› Šƒ• †›ƒ‹… •‡…–‘”‹ƒŽ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ƒ††”‡••‹‰ •‘…‹ƒŽ
”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡƒ†
Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡˆ‡™…‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡•‘…‹ƒŽ…”‹–‡”‹ƒƒ––Š‹•’‘‹–Ǥ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆˆ‡”•ƒ•›–Š‡•‹•„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡…‘„‹‡†”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‡••‡–•ƒ†Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡
”‡˜‹‡™ǤŠ‡…‘—–”‹‡•ƒ†•‡…–‘”•™‡”‡•‡Ž‡…–‡†‹ˆǣ
Ȉ Š‡›ƒ”‡”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒŽƒ”‰‡•Šƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”‡”Š‘—”•
Ȉ Š‡›ƒ”‡ƒ–Š‹‰Š”‹•ˆ‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‘–•’‘–†‡š
Ȉ Š‡›™‡”‡‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡†„›—Ž–‹’Ž‡•‘—”…‡•‹…Ž—†‹‰‡†‹ƒ…ƒ’ƒ‹‰•
Table 1: Sectors and countries most at risk for social issues in the laptop supply chain
SECTORS TO BE AWARE OF
COUNTRIES TO BE AWARE OF WITHIN SECTOR
Mining of metal ores
DRC, Mozambique, India, Cameroon, Tanzania
Electronics and computing machinery manufacturing
Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, India, Thailand, China
Iron and steel manufacturing
China
Recycling and disposal
China, South Central Africa
Coal mining
China
Angola
Oil extraction
Electricity production
China
SUMMARY
„”‹‡ˆǡ–Š‡ƒ••‡••‡–ǡ‹…‘„‹ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•
ƒ†–Š‡•›–Š‡•‹•‘ˆ‘Ǧ•‹–‡ƒ—†‹–”‡•—Ž–•ǡ‹†‹…ƒ–‡•™Šƒ–’”‘†—…–‹‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ†…‘—–”‹‡•
ƒ›Šƒ˜‡Š‹‰Š‡•–”‹•ˆ‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•ǡ–Š—•‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡†ƒ•Š‘–•’‘–•ǤŽŽ’”‘†—…–‹‘ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•
™‹–Š–Š‡‘•–™‘”‡”Š‘—”•ƒ”‡‘……—””‹‰‹Š‹ƒǤ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–•†ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡
ƒ••‡••‡–ǡ –Š‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡•ǡ –Š‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ƒ—†‹– ‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡
ƒ† –Š‡ •—”˜‡› ‘ˆ ‡†‹ƒ …ƒ’ƒ‹‰• Šƒ˜‡ ƒŽ•‘ •Š‘™ –Šƒ– ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹ ‘–Š‡”
…‘—–”‹‡•ƒ›ƒŽ•‘„‡ƒ–Š‹‰Š”‹•‘ƒ›•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•Ǥ
‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‹‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›‘……—””‹‰‹ˆ”‹…ƒƒ††‹ƒǡƒ”‡‘–‹…‡ƒ„Ž‡‹
–Š‡…‘„‹‡†ƒ••‡••‡–ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š‘–ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ›‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–•ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡
ƒ••‡••‡–ǡ ”‡…›…Ž‹‰ ƒ† †‹•’‘•ƒŽ ‘ˆ Žƒ’–‘’• ‹• ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡† ƒ• Šƒ˜‹‰ Š‹‰Š •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹’ƒ…–•
„›–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™ƒ†–Š‡‡†‹ƒ…ƒ’ƒ‹‰•—”˜‡›Ǥ–Š‡”ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•
Šƒ’’‡‹‰‹‘—–Šƒ•–•‹ƒǡ‹’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”†‘‡•‹ƒǡ‹‡–ƒǡŠ‹Ž‹’’‹‡•ƒ†‹‡–ƒǡ
ƒŽ•‘ ”ƒ Š‹‰Š ˆ‘” •‘…‹ƒŽ Š‘–•’‘–• ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǤ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ ”‡–ƒ‹Ž „—•‹‡••‡•ǡ „—•‹‡•• •‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ
Žƒ† –”ƒ•’‘”– ƒ† ‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹–› ’”‘†—…–‹‘ǡ ’”‡†‘‹ƒ–Ž› ‹ Š‹ƒ „—– ƒŽ•‘ ‹ ˆ”‹…ƒ ƒ†
†‹ƒǡƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘‘Ǧ–”‹˜‹ƒŽ‹–‡”•‘ˆ™‘”‡”Š‘—”•ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–•Ǥ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
‹‰—”‡•Ǧ‘ˆˆ‡”ƒ˜‹•—ƒŽ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡…‘‡†‡†ƒ•Š‘–•’‘–•‹–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’
•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹ǤŠ‡‘•–”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•ƒ”‡‹†‹…ƒ–‡†ǡ„—–ƒ›‘”‡™‡”‡‡ƒ•—”‡†
—•‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ† ƒ”‡ •Š‘™ ‹ ƒ •—’’Ž‡‡–ƒŽ •’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡– –‘ –Š‹• ”‡’‘”–Ǥ Š‡ •‡…–‘”
‘”…‘—–”›‘ˆ…‘…‡”‹•‹†‹…ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡‹–Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ…Š‹‰—”‡ǤŠ‡Ž‡‰‡†•Š‘™•–Š‡
…‘—–”‹‡•‘”…Š‘•‡ƒ•Š‘–•’‘–•ˆ‘”Žƒ’–‘’•Ǥ–Š‡Ž‡‰‡†ǡ–Š‡‘–•’‘–†‡š‹•”‡’‘”–‡†
ƒ•ƒ†–Š‡‘”‡”Š‘—”•”ƒ‹•”‡’‘”–‡†ƒ•Ǥ•ˆ‘”–Š‡•…ƒŽ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•’‹†‡”’Ž‘–ǡ
Ͳᐑ†ƒ–ƒ‘”‘‡˜‹†‡…‡ǡͳαŽ‘™ǡʹᏇ†‹—ǡ͵αŠ‹‰Šǡƒ†Ͷα˜‡”›Š‹‰Š”‹•‘”‘’’‘”–—‹–›Ǥ
‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ƒ”‡ …‘…‡–”ƒ–‡† ‹ ƒ •ƒŽŽ —„‡” ‘ˆ ‹ Š‹ƒǡ –Š‡
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… ‹†—•–”› …ƒ •Š‘™ ”ƒ’‹† ’”‘‰”‡•• ‹ˆ ‹– ƒ††”‡••‡• •‘…‹ƒŽ Š‘–•’‘–• ‘……—””‹‰ ‹
Š‹ƒǤ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‡˜‡–Š‘•‡…‘—–”‹‡•ƒ†•‡…–‘”•‘–…‘–”‹„—–‹‰–‘ƒ•Žƒ”‰‡‘ˆƒ•Šƒ”‡
‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ„‘” –‹‡ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ ‹‹‰ǡ ”‡…›…Ž‹‰ ƒ† †‹•’‘•ƒŽǡ ƒ† ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•
‘……—””‹‰‹‘—–Šƒ•–•‹ƒƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘˜‡”›•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–ƒ†ƒ–Š‹‰Š”‹•Ǥ
Figure 1: Level of social issues for
specific sectors in China
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Figure 2: Level of social issues
for hotspots in the mining of metal
ores sector
Figure 3: Level of social issues for
hotspots in the computer and office
equipment sector
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
8
Overview
1 OVERVIEW
Radio broadcasting in the early 20th century
introduced the first major consumer product from
the electronics sector, the broadcast receiver.
‘” –Š‡ ”‡•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‡–‹‡–Š …‡–—”›ǡ –Š‡
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…• ‹†—•–”› ‹ –Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡•
‰”‡™‹–‘Žƒ”‰‡ǡ˜‡”–‹…ƒŽŽ›‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†ϐ‹”•ǡ
ϐ‹”•–‹–Š‡–‡Ž‡’Š‘‡‹†—•–”›ǡƒ†–Š‡–Š‡
”ƒ†‹‘ǡ ‘—– ‘ˆ ™Š‹…Š ‡˜‘Ž˜‡† ‘”‡ …‘’Ž‡š
ƒ†˜‹•—ƒŽ…‘•—‡”‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰
–‡Ž‡˜‹•‹‘ ƒ† ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›ǡ …‘’—–‡”•
ȋ
‡”‡ˆϐ‹‡–ǤƒŽǤǡʹͲͲͷȌǤ—„•‡“—‡–‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…
…‘•—‡”’”‘†—…–•ǡ‘•–ƒ……‡••‹„Ž‡„›–Š‡
–—” ‘ˆ –Š‡ …‡–—”›ǡ ƒ”‡ …‡ŽŽ ’Š‘‡•ǡ ͵
’Žƒ›‡”•ǡƒ—†‹‘‡“—‹’‡–ǡ…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‘”•ǡ
ƒ—–‘‘–‹˜‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ǡ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ…ƒ‡”ƒ•ƒ†
’Žƒ›‡”• ƒ† ”‡…‘”†‡”• —•‹‰ ˜‹†‡‘ ‡†‹ƒ
•—…Šƒ••Ǥ…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž›ǡ–Š‡•‡’”‘†—…–•
Šƒ˜‡„‡…‘‡„ƒ•‡†‘†‹‰‹–ƒŽ–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡ
ƒ†Šƒ˜‡Žƒ”‰‡Ž›‡”‰‡†™‹–Š–Š‡…‘’—–‡”
‹†—•–”› ‹ ™Šƒ– ‹• ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž› ”‡ˆ‡””‡†
–‘ ƒ• –Š‡ ‹†—•–”› ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†
…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ȋȌǤ
• –Š‡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ …‘’—–‡” ȋȌ „‡…ƒ‡ ƒ
ˆ‡ƒ•‹„Ž‡ ’”‘†—…– ‹ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ͳͻ͹Ͳ•ǡ –Š‡
‹†‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ ’‘”–ƒ„Ž‡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ …‘’—–‡”
†‡•‹‰‡† –‘ —•‡ ‹ ‘‡ǯ• Žƒ’ “—‹…Ž›
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†Ǥ  ˆƒ…–ǡ ƒ Dz’‡”•‘ƒŽǡ ’‘”–ƒ„Ž‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‹’—Žƒ–‘”dz …ƒŽŽ‡† –Š‡
Dz›ƒ„‘‘dz ™ƒ• ‹ƒ‰‹‡† „› Žƒ ƒ› ƒ–
‡”‘š ƒŽ‘ Ž–‘ ‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‡–‡” ‹ ͳͻ͸ͺǤ
Š‡ ͷͳͲͲǡ –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– …‘‡”…‹ƒŽŽ›
ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ’‘”–ƒ„Ž‡ …‘’—–‡”ǡ ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†
‹ ‡’–‡„‡” ͳͻ͹ͷǤ ‘”–ƒ„Ž‡ …‘’—–‡”•ǡ
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ›™‹–Šƒ‘‘…Š”‘‡…ƒ–Š‘†‡”ƒ›
–—„‡ǡ ™‡”‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ› …‘•‹†‡”‡† –‘ „‡ ƒ
•ƒŽŽ ‹…Š‡ ƒ”‡–ǡ ‘•–Ž› ˆ‘” •’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†
ϐ‹‡Ž† ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• •—…Š ƒ• –Š‡ ‹Ž‹–ƒ”›ǡ
ƒ……‘—–ƒ–• ƒ† •ƒŽ‡• ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•Ǥ •
’‘”–ƒ„Ž‡…‘’—–‡”•„‡…ƒ‡•ƒŽŽ‡”ǡŽ‹‰Š–‡”ǡ
ƒ†…Š‡ƒ’‡”ƒ†ƒ••…”‡‡•„‡…ƒ‡Žƒ”‰‡”
ƒ†‘ˆ„‡––‡”“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡŽƒ’–‘’•‘”‘–‡„‘‘•
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
„‡…ƒ‡™‹†‡Ž›—•‡†ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ’—”’‘•‡•Ǥ‘†ƒ›ǡ
–Š‡› ƒ”‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ› •‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ– ‹ –Š‡ ϐ‹‡Ž†• ‘ˆ
‡–‡”–ƒ‹‡–ǡ‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ǡ„—•‹‡••ƒ†Žƒ™
‡ˆ‘”…‡‡–ǤŠ‡’‘’—Žƒ”‹–›‘ˆŽƒ’–‘’•Šƒ•
‹…”‡ƒ•‡† ‡‘”‘—•Ž› •‹…‡ ‹–• ‹…‡’–‹‘ǡ
„‡›‘†–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡†‡•–‘’Ǥ
MANUFACTURING & OUTSOURCING
‹–Š ƒ ’—•Š ˆ‘” „‡––‡” •‡‹Ǧ…‘†—…–‘”•
ˆ‘” ‹Ž‹–ƒ”› ƒ† ƒ‡”‘•’ƒ…‡ ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘• ‹
–Š‡ͳͻ͸Ͳǯ•ƒ†͹Ͳǯ•ǡ–Š‡ǤǤ‹”‘”…‡ƒ†
–‘‘ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ† ‹ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ƒ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… …‘’‘‡–• ‹†—•–”›Ǥ › –Š‡
ͳͻͺͲǯ•ǡ ƒ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ˜ƒŽ—‡ …Šƒ‹ ˆ—…–‹‘•
„‡‰ƒ–‘„‡‘—–•‘—”…‡†–‘‘–Š‡”…‘—–”‹‡•‹
ƒ’”ƒ…–‹…‡…ƒŽŽ‡†Dz…‘–”ƒ…–ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ǡdz
‹ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” •‡‹…‘†—…–‘” ˆƒ„”‹…ƒ–‹‘
ƒ†…‹”…—‹–„‘ƒ”†ƒ••‡„Ž›ǤŠ‹••’”‡ƒ†–‘
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡ ‘ˆ †‹• †”‹˜‡• ƒ† ‘‹–‘”•ǡ
ƒ† ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ› –‘ –Š‡ ƒ••‡„Ž› ’”‘…‡••
‹–•‡Žˆ ȋ
‡”‡ˆϐ‹ ‡–ǤƒŽǤǡ ʹͲͲͷȌǤ —”‹‰ –Š‡
ͳͻͻͲǯ•ǡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒŽŽ ƒŒ‘” ‘”–Š ‡”‹…ƒ
ƒ† —”‘’‡ƒ …‘’ƒ‹‡• ‘’–‡† ‘—– ‘ˆ
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ƒ† „‡‰ƒ –‘ ˆ‘…—• ‘”‡
‘ •‡”˜‹…‡• •—…Š ƒ• ’”‘†—…– †‡•‹‰ ƒ†
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ǡ ’—”…Šƒ•‹‰ ƒ† ‹˜‡–‘”›
ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ Ž‘‰‹•–‹…•ǡ
ƒ†ƒˆ–‡”Ǧ•ƒŽ‡••‡”˜‹…‡ƒ†”‡’ƒ‹”Ǥ
‘†ƒ›ǡ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘†‡” Žƒ’–‘’•
…‘•–‹–—–‡•ƒ‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡–‰Ž‘„ƒŽ’”‘…‡••–Šƒ–
•–”‡–…Š‡• ƒ…”‘•• ‡ƒ”Ž› ‡˜‡”› …‘–‹‡–ǡ
†‘œ‡• ‘ˆ …‘—–”‹‡•ǡ ƒ† Š—†”‡†• ‘ˆ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– …‘’ƒ‹‡• –‘ ƒ‡ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒŽ ‡†
’”‘†—…– …‘•‹•–‹‰ ‘ˆ ƒ —Ž–‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ „ƒ•‡
…‘’‘‡–•Ǥ ‹…”‘’”‘…‡••‘”• ‹‰Š– „‡
’”‘†—…‡† ‹ –Š‡ Š‹Ž‹’’‹‡•ǡ ‘•–ƒ ‹…ƒǡ
ƒŽƒ›•‹ƒ ‘” Š‹ƒǡ –Š‡ ‡‘”› …ƒ”† ‹
SOCIAL SCOPING REPORT | LAPTOP COMPUTER
10
1 OVERVIEW
‘—–Š‘”‡ƒǡƒ’ƒǡ
‡”ƒ›‘”ƒ’ƒǡ–Š‡
‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”† ƒ† ‡›„‘ƒ”† ‹ Š‹ƒ ‘”
ƒ‹™ƒǡ –Š‡ †‹•’Žƒ› ‹ ‘—–Š ‘”‡ƒǡ
ƒ’ƒ ‘” ƒ‹™ƒǡ –Š‡ „ƒ––‡”› ‹ ƒŽƒ›•‹ƒǡ
‡š‹…‘ǡ ‘—–Š ‘”‡ƒ ‘” Š‹ƒǡ –Š‡ Šƒ”†Ǧ
†‹• †”‹˜‡ ‹ ‹‰ƒ’‘”‡ǡ Šƒ‹Žƒ† ‘” –Š‡
Š‹Ž‹’’‹‡•ƒ†•‘‘Ǥ
‡˜‡”ƒŽ Žƒ’–‘’ „”ƒ†• ƒ† ƒ —Ž–‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”• ‡š‹•–Ǥ Š‡ Žƒ”‰‡•– Žƒ’–‘’
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”• ‹…Ž—†‡ ‡ŽŽǡ Ȁ‘’ƒ“
ƒ† …‡”Ǥ ƒ„Ž‡ ʹ •Š‘™• –Š‡ –‡ Žƒ”‰‡•–
‘™Ǧ„”ƒ†ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”•‘ˆŽƒ’–‘’•Ǥ
Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– ƒ› „”ƒ†• †‘
‘– †‡•‹‰ ƒ† ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’•
–Š‡›ƒ”‡–ƒ†•‡ŽŽǤ‘”›‡ƒ”•ǡ…‘’ƒ‹‡•
Ž‹‡ ‡ŽŽ ƒ† ƒ†‡ –Š‡‹” Žƒ’–‘’• ‹
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ‡…‘‘‹‡• Ž‹‡ –Š‡ ǤǤǡ ƒ’ƒ
ƒ† ‹‰ƒ’‘”‡Ǥ ‘ …—– …‘•–• ‘ Žƒ„‘”ǡ
‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ† †‡•‹‰ǡ ‘—–•‘—”…‹‰ –‘
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰‡…‘‘‹‡•Ž‹‡ƒ‹™ƒ„‡…ƒ‡
…‘‘Ǥ ‘™ǡ –Š‡ ƒŒ‘”‹–› ‘ˆ Žƒ’–‘’Ǧ
…‘’‘‡– ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ••‡„Ž› ‹•
…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–‹ƒ•–•‹ƒǡ‘ˆ™Š‹…Šƒ‰”‘™‹‰
Žƒ„‘”Ǧ‹–‡•‹˜‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ •Šƒ”‡ Šƒ•
•Š‹ˆ–‡†ˆ”‘ƒ‹™ƒ–‘Š‹ƒ™Š‡”‡™ƒ‰‡•
ƒ”‡”‡’‘”–‡†–‘„‡Ž‘™‡”Ǥ
……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ”‡– ƒƒŽ›•‹• ϐ‹” ‹—’’Ž‹ǡ
ͺʹǤ͸ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘–‡„‘‘ • ƒ†‡
‹ ʹͲͲ͸ ™‡”‡ ƒ••‡„Ž‡† „› ƒ‹™ƒ‡•‡
…‘’ƒ‹‡•ǡ …‘–”ƒ…–Ǧƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”•ǡ ƒ†
‘”‡ –Šƒ ͺͷ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ –Š‘•‡ ™‡”‡ „—‹Ž–
‹ –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡” Šƒ‰Šƒ‹ ƒ”‡ƒ ȋ”–‹…Ž‡ ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ǡ ʹͲͲ͹ǦͲ͵ǦͳͶǡ ǮŠƒ–ǯ• ‹•‹†‡
›‘—” Žƒ’–‘’ǫȌǤ …‘•‡“—‡…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹•
–”‡† ‹• –Š‡ †‹‹‹•Š‹‰ ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ
‘–Š‡” ’”‘†—…–‹‘ Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘• •—…Š ƒ• –Š‡
Š‹Ž‹’’‹‡• ƒ† ‡š‹…‘ǡ •‹…‡ ‘Ž› –Š‡
–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ› †‡ƒ†‹‰ …‘’‘‡–•
ƒ”‡ „‡‹‰ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡† ‹ ‘–Š‡” Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘•
„‡•‹†‡•Š‹ƒȋƒŠƒ”–ƒ†
”‹‡éŠƒ‡”ǡ
ʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ
Table 2: Laptop brand’s country of origin and whether they contain a manufacturing division (Manhart and Grießhammer, 2006)
BRAND
COMPANY DOMICILE
MANUFACTURING DIVISION
Dell
USA
No manufacturing operation of its own
Hewlett-Packard
USA
No manufacturing operation of its own
Lenovo (formerly IBM)
China (formerly USA)
No manufacturing operation of its own
Acer
Taiwan
No manufacturing operation of its own
Toshiba
Japan
Partly own manufacturing operation
Fujitsu-Siemens
Japan and Germany
Own high-end manufacturing operation
NEC
Japan
No manufacturing operation of its own
Sony
Japan
Own high-end manufacturing operation
Apple
USA
No manufacturing operation of its own
Asus (= Asustek)
Taiwan
Own manufacturing operation
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Typical
Supply Chain
2 TYPICAL SUPPLY CHAIN
‘‰ƒ‹‘”‡‹•‹‰Š–‹–‘–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡•—’’Ž›
…Šƒ‹ ‘ˆ ƒ Žƒ’–‘’ǡ –Š‹• •‡…–‹‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡•
ƒ „”‹‡ˆ ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ’Šƒ•‡•ǡ
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†„›†‡•…”‹’–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‹‡–
…‘’‘‡–•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘—”…‡ƒ’•Ǥ
‹‰—”‡ͳ‹•ƒ•…Š‡ƒ–‹…‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹’Šƒ•‡•
‹–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡…›…Ž‡‘ˆƒŽƒ’–‘’Ǥ
ƒ™ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ‡š–”ƒ…–‹‘ ‹• ƒ ƒŒ‘” ’Šƒ•‡
‹ –Š‡ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ Žƒ’–‘’•Ǥ ‹Ž‹…‘ ƒ†
…‘’’‡”ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡƒ”‡‡–ƒŽ•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”
–Š‡’”‘†—…–‹‘‘ˆ‹…”‘’”‘…‡••‘”•Ǥ‡–ƒ‹Ž•
‘ ”‡•‘—”…‡ ‹‹‰ ƒ”‡ †‹•…—••‡† ‹ ƒ
•—„•‡“—‡–•‡…–‹‘Ǥ‡…‘†ƒ”›…‘’‘‡–
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ǡ –Š‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ‘ˆ
‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… …‘’‘‡–• –‘ „‡
—•‡† ‹ –Š‡ ƒ••‡„Ž› ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ •–ƒ‰‡ǡ
‹• ƒŽ•‘ †‡•…”‹„‡† •’‡…‹ϐ‹…ƒŽŽ› Žƒ–‡” ‹ –Š‹•
•‡…–‹‘Ǥ ƒ…ƒ‰‹‰ ƒ† †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ǡ –Š‡
’”‘…‡•• ‘ˆ ‰‡––‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‘†—…– –‘ –Š‡ —•‡”ǡ
‹•–Š‡‡š–’Šƒ•‡‹ƒ–›’‹…ƒŽ•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹Ǥ
 ǡ –Š‡ —•‡ ’Šƒ•‡ ƒ† ‡†Ǧ‘ˆǦŽ‹ˆ‡ ƒ”‡
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’”‘†—…–‹‘
•–‡’•ǡ †‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‹‰ –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡
„‡–™‡‡…”ƒ†Ž‡Ǧ–‘Ǧ‰ƒ–‡ƒ†…”ƒ†Ž‡Ǧ–‘Ǧ‰”ƒ˜‡
ȋ‘” …”ƒ†Ž‡Ǧ–‘Ǧ…”ƒ†Ž‡ȌǤ ‡”‰› —•‡ ‹ –Š‡
—•‡’Šƒ•‡’‘•‡•ƒ‘„˜‹‘—•‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
‹’ƒ…–Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•‘…‹ƒŽŽ›ǡŽƒ’–‘’•’”‘˜‹†‡
—•‡”• ™‹–Š ƒ ‰”‡ƒ– †‡ƒŽ ‘ˆ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› ˆ‘”
‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘—–”‡ƒ…ŠǤ ’ƒ…–• ˆ”‘
”‡…›…Ž‹‰ ƒ† †‹•’‘•ƒŽ ‘ˆ Žƒ’–‘’• ƒ”‡
†‹•…—••‡† ‹ ƒ •‡…–‹‘ „‡Ž‘™ ‘ ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡
•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ…‡ƒ†…‘•‡“—‡…‡•Ǥ
Figure 1. The inputs and outputs required in the life cycle of a laptop
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2 TYPICAL SUPPLY CHAIN
MINING FOR ELECTRONICS
‡–ƒŽ•ˆ‘”—•‡‹‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…’”‘†—…–•…ƒ„‡
‡š–”ƒ…–‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Šǡ –Š”‘—‰Š ‹‹‰ǡ
‘”ƒ…“—‹”‡†–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰‡…‘‘›ǡ
˜‹ƒ ”‡…›…Ž‡† ’”‘†—…–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ –›’‡• ƒ†
ƒ‘—–• ‘ˆ ‡–ƒŽ• ‹ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…• ’”‘†—…–•
˜ƒ”›ˆ”‘’”‘†—…––‘’”‘†—…–ǡˆ”‘„”ƒ†–‘
„”ƒ†ǡƒ†…Šƒ‰‡ƒ•‘ˆ–‡ƒ•–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•
†‘Ǥ Š‹• ƒ‡• ‹– …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡
ƒ ƒ……—”ƒ–‡ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •Šƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ†
‡šƒ…–Ž› ™Šƒ– ‡–ƒŽ• ƒ”‡ —•‡† ‹ •’‡…‹ϐ‹…
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…†‡˜‹…‡•Ž‹‡Žƒ’–‘’•Ǥ
ǡ ƒ –ƒ”‹‘ǡ ƒƒ†ƒ –Š‹Ǧ–ƒǡ
’”‡’ƒ”‡†ƒ”‡’‘”––‘ƒ†
‡‘–Š‡
‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ† ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›
‹‡–ƒŽ•—’’Ž›–‘–Š‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…†—•–”›
ȋʹͲͲͺȌǡ ‹ ™Š‹…Š –Š‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… ‹†—•–”›
™ƒ• ‡•–‹ƒ–‡† –‘ —•‡ǡ ƒ• ƒ ˆ”ƒ…–‹‘ ‘ˆ
‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ƒ—ƒŽ ‡–ƒŽ •—’’Ž›ǡ ƒ ƒš‹—
‘ˆ ͵͸ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ –‹ǡ ʹͷ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ …‘„ƒŽ–ǡ
ͳͷ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ ’ƒŽŽƒ†‹—ǡ ͻ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ
‰‘Ž†ǡʹ’‡”…‡–‘ˆ…‘’’‡”ǡƒ†ͳ’‡”…‡–‘ˆ
ƒŽ—‹—Ǥ”‘–Š‡‹””‡’‘”–‹–™ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡
–‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ …‘—–”‹‡• –Šƒ–
Šƒ˜‡ ’”‘‹‡– ”‡•‡”˜‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡•‡ ‡–ƒŽ•
ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ••‡••‡–Ǥ ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ
—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒǡ ƒƒ†ƒǡ Š‹ƒǡ †‘‡•‹ƒ ƒ†
—••‹ƒ ƒ”‡ ƒŽŽ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– „‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡›
Šƒ˜‡ „‘–Š ƒ †‹˜‡”•‡ ƒ† ‹–‡•‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ
’”‹ƒ”› ‡–ƒŽ ’”‘†—…–‹‘Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š ‘– ƒ
…‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡Ž‹•–‘ˆ‡–ƒŽ•‹‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ǡ
–Š‡›†‘”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ…”‘••Ǧ•‡…–‹‘‘ˆ‡–ƒŽ•ǡ
™‹–Š ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡† ‹••—‡•ǡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– –‘ –Š‡
†‹•…—••‹‘ ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ •Ž‹‰Š–Ž› ‘”‡ ‡š–‡•‹˜‡
Ž‹•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’”‡†‘‹ƒ– ‡–ƒŽ• ‹ ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… …‘’‘‡–• ‹• •Š‘™ „‡Ž‘™ ‹
ƒ„Ž‡ ͵ ȋ
ǡ ʹͲͲͺȌǤ ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‡–ƒŽ•
‹‡†ˆ‘”—•‡‹Žƒ’–‘’•ƒ†–Š‡‹”…‘—–”‹‡•
‘ˆ ‘”‹‰‹ ™‡”‡ ‰ƒ–Š‡”‡† ˆ”‘ ‘—”…‡ƒ’ǡ
ƒ‘Ž‹‡–‘‘Žˆ‘”‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰‰Ž‘„ƒŽ•—’’Ž›
…Šƒ‹•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‡–ƒŽ• ƒ”‡ ”‡’‘”–‡† ‹ –Š‡
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ •‡…–‹‘ ‘ –Š‡ ‘…‹ƒŽ ‘–•’‘–
ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ
Table 3: Predominant metals used in electronics
HARDWARE
PREDOMINANT METALS
Solders
Tin
Wires, cables
Copper, beryllium
Printed circuit boards
Copper, tin, gold
Component lead frames or contacts, including
connectors, brass parts
Copper, gold, palladium
Capacitors
Aluminum
Springs
Copper
Heatisnks
Copper, aluminum
Heatpipes
Copper
Battery electrode substrate
Copper, aluminum
Batteries
Cobalt, nickel, manganese
Hard disk drive media coatings
Cobalt
Hard disk drive
Nickel, lanthanide, neodymium
Housing, frames, lids, covers, screws, hinges
Aluminum, steel, magnesium
LCD screens
Indium, yttrium and europium
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2 TYPICAL SUPPLY CHAIN
Table 2: Sourcemap™ for the assembly of a computer built in China.
MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS
–‹•“—‹–‡‹’”ƒ…–‹…ƒŽ–‘–”ƒ…‡–Š‡‘”‹‰‹‘ˆ
‡˜‡”›•‹‰Ž‡…‘’‘‡–‹ƒŽƒ’–‘’ǡ„‡…ƒ—•‡
‹– …‘–ƒ‹• ƒŽ‘•– ʹͲͲͲ ’ƒ”–•ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰
‹…”‘…Š‹’•ǡ –Š‡ Šƒ”† †”‹˜‡ǡ –Š‡ „ƒ––‡”›
’ƒ…ǡ –Š‡ ǡ …‹”…—‹– „‘ƒ”†•ǡ ”‡•‹•–‘”•ǡ
…ƒ’ƒ…‹–‘”•ǡ ™‹”‡•ǡ †‘™ –‘ –Š‡ ‡–ƒŽ ƒ†
’Žƒ•–‹…–Šƒ–ƒ‡—’–Š‡…ƒ•‹‰Ǥ†‡˜‡
‹ˆƒ…Š‹‡˜‡†ˆ‘”‘‡Žƒ’–‘’ǡƒ‘–Š‡”„”ƒ†‘ˆ
Žƒ’–‘’ ƒ› ˜ƒ”›Ǥ ‡ ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ•–
–‹‡” ‘ˆ ƒ –›’‹…ƒŽ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ ˆ‘” ƒ Žƒ’–‘’
‹• †‡’‹…–‡† ˜‹ƒ ƒ ‘—”…‡ƒ’̻ •Š‘™ ‹
‹‰—”‡ʹǤ‘—”…‡ƒ’̻‹•ƒ™‡„–‘‘Ž…”‡ƒ–‡†
ƒ– —•‡† –‘ ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡ ’”‘†—…– •—’’Ž›
…Šƒ‹• ‘ ƒ’• ȋ™™™Ǥ•‘—”…‡ƒ’Ǥ‘”‰ǡ
ʹͲͳͳȌǤŠ‡…‘’‘‡–•’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ•‘—”…‹‰
…‘—–”‹‡• ™‡”‡ ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡† ˜‹ƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡
”‡˜‹‡™ †‡•…”‹„‡† ‹ •‡…–‹‘ ͵Ǥ ˜‡”›
…‘’‘‡–‹••—„Œ‡…––‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ’”‘†—…–‹‘
•–‡’•ǡ–”ƒ˜‡Ž‹‰ƒŽŽ‘˜‡”–Š‡™‘”Ž†–‘‹–•ϐ‹ƒŽ
†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡…‘•—‡”Ǥ‘—”…‡ƒ’•ˆ‘”
’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”Žƒ’–‘’…‘’‘‡–•ƒ”‡•Š‘™‹
–Š‡•’‡…‹ϐ‹…•—„Ǧ•‡…–‹‘ˆ‘”–Šƒ–…‘’‘‡–Ǥ
‹‰—”‡͵•Š‘™•ƒ•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹‘ˆƒ–›’‹…ƒŽ
Žƒ’–‘’ …‘’—–‡” „ƒ•‡† ‘ …‘‹˜‡– —‹–
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
’”‘…‡••†ƒ–ƒ‹–Š‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ƒ”–Š•–‡”Ǥ
Š‡ ϐ‹”•– –‹‡” ‘ˆ •—’’Ž‹‡”• ‹• …ƒŽŽ‡† ‘—– ‹
„Ž—‡„‘š‡•ǡ•Š‘™‹‰–Š‡ƒŒ‘”…‘’‘‡–•
—•‡† –‘ ƒ••‡„Ž‡ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒŽ ’”‘†—…–ǡ •—…Š
ƒ• ƒ‰‡•‹— ƒŽŽ‘› ˆ‘” ƒ …ƒ•‹‰ǡ ƒ ‘†—Ž‡ǡ„ƒ––‡”›ǡƒ†’”‹–‡†™‹”‹‰„‘ƒ”†Ǥ
‹•’‘•ƒŽ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹ˆ‡ …›…Ž‡
‹’ƒ…–•ǤŠ‡‹’‘”–ƒ…‡‘ˆ”‡‰‹‘‹•‘…‹ƒŽ
‹•™‡ŽŽ‘™ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
‹•‘–—•—ƒŽŽ›–Š‹••’‡…‹ϐ‹…Ǥ
‘” –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‘ˆ ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰ „”‡˜‹–› ‘ˆ
–Š‹• ”‡’‘”– ƒ† „‡…ƒ—•‡ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰
…‘’‘‡–• ƒ”‡ …‘•‹†‡”‡† –Š‡ ‘•–
‹’‘”–ƒ–ǡ
–‡…Š‹…ƒŽ
†‡•…”‹’–‹‘•
ƒ”‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡† ‡š– ˆ‘” ‘Ž› –Š‡ ‹…”‘’”‘…‡••‘”•ǡ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”†ǡ –Š‡
…”‡‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒ––‡”›ǡ ‹• ”‹˜‡• ƒ†
Ǥ
‹…”‘’”‘…‡••‘”
Š‡ ‹…”‘’”‘…‡••‘”ǡ ƒ ϐŽƒ‡ ‘ˆ •‹Ž‹…‘
™‹–Š ‹ŽŽ‹‘• ‘ˆ ‹…”‘•…‘’‹…ǡ ’”‡…‹•‹‘Ǧ
‡‰‹‡‡”‡† …‹”…—‹–•ǡ ‹• –Š‡ „”ƒ‹ ‘ˆ –Š‡
Žƒ’–‘’ƒ†…‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•ƒŽŽ‘ˆ–Š‡…‘’—–‡”ǯ•
ˆ—…–‹‘• ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ’”‘‰”ƒ‡†
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Figure 3: Ecoinvent process in Earthster for a laptop showing the first tier of suppliers in blue.
‹•–”—…–‹‘• ȋ–Šƒ– ‹•ǡ –Š‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ •›•–‡
•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ȌǤ ƒ•‹… ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ• ‹…Ž—†‡ ˜‡”›
…ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ› •‡Ž‡…–‡† •‹Ž‹…‘ǡ …‘’’‡” ƒ†
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– …Š‡‹…ƒŽ•Ǥ Š‡ ’”‘…‡•• …‘•‹•–•
‘ˆ ƒ› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ’Šƒ•‡•ǡ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ
–Š‡ Š‡ƒ–‹‰ ‘ˆ “—ƒ”–œ ƒ† …ƒ”„‘ –‘ ˆ‘”
•‹Ž‹…‘ ƒ† …ƒ”„‘ †‹‘š‹†‡ǡ …Š‡‹…ƒŽ
’—”‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•‹Ž‹…‘ǡ•Ž‹…‹‰—’‘ˆ–Š‡
‹‰‘–‘ˆ•‹Ž‹…‘‹–‘™ƒˆ‡”•ǡ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ
•‹Ž‹…‘ †‹‘š‹†‡ Žƒ›‡”•ǡ ‡š’‘•—”‡ –‘ Ž‹‰Š– –‘
…Šƒ‰‡…Š‡‹…ƒŽ’”‘’‡”–‹‡•ƒ†–‡•–‹‰ˆ‘”
’‡”ˆ‡…– ˆ—…–‹‘ƒŽ‹–› ȋǮ‘™ ƒ ‹• —‹Ž–ǡ
ͳͳȀͲʹȀʹͲͲͶȌǤ
’‡”‹’Š‡”ƒŽ•ǡ †”‹˜‡• ƒ† ‡‘”› –‘ –Š‡
’”‘…‡••‘” ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ •Ž‘–• ƒ†
’‘”–• ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡” •›•–‡ …‘’‘‡–• ƒ†
–Š‡ …‹”…—‹–• –Š”‘—‰Š ™Š‹…Š ƒŽŽ †ƒ–ƒ —•–
’ƒ••Ǥ ”‘†—…‹‰ ƒ† –‡•–‹‰ ƒ •‹‰Ž‡
‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”† ‹˜‘Ž˜‡• ƒ ‹†Ǧ„‘‰‰Ž‹‰
Š‘•– ‘ˆ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‡† ƒ…Š‹‡•ǡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ƒ†
’”‘…‡••‡• ȋǡ ʹͲͲͺȌǤ ƒ”† †”‹˜‡•ǡ
‘’–‹…ƒŽ †”‹˜‡ǡ „ƒ––‡”› ’ƒ…ǡ Ž‹“—‹† …”›•–ƒŽ
†‹•’Žƒ›•ȋȌǡ‡›„‘ƒ”†ǡƒ†–”ƒ…’ƒ†ƒ”‡
ƒŽŽ’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”†Ǥ‘”ƒŽ‘•–ƒŽŽ
‘ˆ–Š‡•‡…‘’‘‡–•ǡ–Š‡’”‹ƒ”›•—’’Ž‹‡”•
ƒ”‡‹Š‹ƒ‘”‘—–Š‡ƒ•–•‹ƒǤ
‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”†
‹”…—‹–„‘ƒ”†•ƒ”‡–›’‹…ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‡‘ˆ‡’‘š›
ƒ† ‰Žƒ•• ‘” …‡”ƒ‹…ǡ —’‘ ™Š‹…Š …‹”…—‹–•
ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ …‘’’‡” ’ƒ–Š• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‡–…Š‡†
—•‹‰ ƒ ’”‘…‡•• •‹‹Žƒ” –‘ –Š‡ ‘‡ —•‡† ‹
‹…”‘…Š‹’ˆƒ„”‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ‡š…‡’–‘ƒˆƒ”Žƒ”‰‡”
•…ƒŽ‡Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡ǡ‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”†
—•‡• Š—†”‡†• ‘ˆ ‘–Š‡” …‘’‘‡–•ǡ
‹…Ž—†‹‰ –”ƒ•‹•–‘”•ǡ ”‡•‹•–‘”•ǡ †‹‘†‡•ǡ
•ǡ…ƒ’ƒ…‹–‘”•ǡƒ†‘”‡ǡƒŽŽϐ‹––‡†–‘–Š‡
Žƒ’–‘’• „› –Š‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”• –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡ
‘•–Ž› ‹ Š‹ƒǤ ”ƒ•‹•–‘”• ƒ† †‹‘†‡•
ƒ”‡—•—ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‡‘ˆ•‹Ž‹…‘‘”‰‡”ƒ‹—ǡ
Š‡ ‡š– •–‡’ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ••‡„Ž› ‘ˆ ƒ Žƒ’–‘’
‹• ’Žƒ…‹‰ –Š‡ ‹…”‘’”‘…‡••‘” …Š‹’ ‘ ƒ
’”‹–‡†…‹”…—‹–„‘ƒ”†ȋ—Ž–‹Žƒ›‡”•Ȍǡ–Š‡
‘–‡„‘‘ǯ• ‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”†Ǥ ƒ› Š—†”‡†•
‘ˆ…‘’ƒ‹‡•ƒ”‡ƒ…–‹˜‡‹’”‘†—…–‹‘ǡ
‘•–Ž› Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‹ Š‹ƒǤ  ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ
‘—”…‡ƒ’̻ ˆ‘” ƒ ƒ†‡ ‹ ‡‹Œ‹‰ǡ
Š‹ƒ‹••Š‘™‹‹‰—”‡ͶǤ‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”†•
ƒ”‡–Š‡‘•–…‘’Ž‡šƒ†‡••‡–‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–‘ˆ
Žƒ’–‘’•Ǥ
Š‡› Š‘Ž† –Š‡ …Š‹’• –Šƒ– ’ƒ•• †ƒ–ƒ ˆ”‘
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
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Table 4: Sourcemap™ for a printed wiring board built in Beijing, China
™Š‡”‡ƒ•Ž‹‰Š–Ǧ‡‹––‹‰†‹‘†‡•—•‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
…‘’‘—†•ǡ †‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡‹” …‘Ž‘”Ǥ
††‹–‹‘ƒŽ …‘’‘‡–•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ‘†‡•
ƒ†™‹”‡Ž‡••…ƒ”†•ǡƒ›„‡’Ž—‰‰‡†‹–‘–Š‡
‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”†ȋ™‡‡›ǡʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ
‹“—‹†”›•–ƒŽ‹•’Žƒ›•
Š‡…‘•‹•–•‘ˆ–™‘–Š‹†‹•’Žƒ›‰Žƒ••
’Žƒ–‡•ǡ …‘Ž‘” ϐ‹Ž–‡”• ƒ† Ž‹“—‹† …”›•–ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ
•—„•–ƒ…‡ ƒ†‡ ‘ˆ …‘’Ž‹…ƒ–‡† ‘Ž‡…—Ž‡•
–Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‡† „› ‡Ž‡…–”‹… …—””‡–Ǥ ˆ
‰Žƒ••‹•—•‡†‹–‹•‘ˆ–‡…‘ƒ–‡†™‹–Š•‹Ž‹…‘
†‹‘š‹†‡–‘‹’”‘˜‡Ž‹“—‹†…”›•–ƒŽƒŽ‹‰‡–Ǥ
‹‰—”‡ ͷ •Š‘™• –Š‡ ’ƒ”–• ‡‡†‡† ˆ‘” •…”‡‡• ȋǮ‹“—‹† ”›•–ƒŽ ‹•’Žƒ› ȋȌǯǡ
ȋ–‘‡ǡʹͲͳͳȌƒ†‹‰—”‡ͺ•Š‘™•ƒ’‘••‹„Ž‡
‘—”…‡ƒ’Ǥ ‹‰Š “—ƒŽ‹–› •–ƒ†ƒ”†• ƒ”‡
”‡“—‹”‡† ˆ‘” •…”‡‡•Ǣ ”‡Œ‡…–‹‘ ”ƒ–‡•
…ƒ „‡ Š‹‰Šǡ •‘‡–‹‡• —’ –‘ ͷͲ ’‡”…‡–ǡ
™Š‹…Š ƒ‡• –Š‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ’”‘…‡••
‡š’‡•‹˜‡Ǥ Š‡ ’”‘…‡•• ‹• –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ›
…‘•–Ž›ǡ ƒŽ‘•– ‡–‹”‡Ž› ƒ—–‘ƒ–‡† ƒ†
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡† ‹ ƒ Žƒ”‰‡Ž› ‹†‡’‡†‡–
•‡‰‡–‘ˆ‹†—•–”›Ǥ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
ƒ––‡”›ƒ…
Ž‹–Š‹—Ǧ‹‘ „ƒ––‡”›ǡ ƒ ˆƒ‹Ž› ‘ˆ
”‡…Šƒ”‰‡ƒ„Ž‡„ƒ––‡”›–›’‡•‹™Š‹…ŠŽ‹–Š‹—
‹‘• ‘˜‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‘†‡ –‘
–Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‘†‡ †—”‹‰ †‹•…Šƒ”‰‡ǡ
ƒ†„ƒ…™Š‡…Šƒ”‰‹‰ǡ‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–
’‘’—Žƒ” –›’‡• ‘ˆ ”‡…Šƒ”‰‡ƒ„Ž‡ „ƒ––‡”› ˆ‘”
’‘”–ƒ„Ž‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•Ǥ  ‘”‡ –Šƒ ͻͲΨ
‘ˆ Žƒ’–‘’•ǡ –Š‡ ‹Ǧ‹‘ „ƒ––‡”› ‹• —•‡†Ǥ Š‡
–Š”‡‡ ’”‹ƒ”› ˆ—…–‹‘ƒŽ …‘’‘‡–• ‘ˆ ƒ
Ž‹–Š‹—Ǧ‹‘„ƒ––‡”›ƒ”‡–Š‡ƒ‘†‡ǡ…ƒ–Š‘†‡ǡ
ƒ†‡Ž‡…–”‘Ž›–‡ǤŠ‡ƒ‘†‡‘ˆƒ…‘˜‡–‹‘ƒŽ
Ž‹–Š‹—Ǧ‹‘ …‡ŽŽ ‹• ƒ†‡ ˆ”‘ …ƒ”„‘ǡ –Š‡
…ƒ–Š‘†‡‹•ƒ‡–ƒŽ‘š‹†‡ǡƒ†–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘Ž›–‡
‹•ƒŽ‹–Š‹—•ƒŽ–‹ƒ‘”‰ƒ‹…•‘Ž˜‡–ǤŠ‡
‘•–…‘‡”…‹ƒŽŽ›’‘’—Žƒ”ƒ‘†‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ
‹•‰”ƒ’Š‹–‡ǤŠ‡…ƒ–Š‘†‡‹•‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›‘‡‘ˆ
–Š”‡‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǣ ƒ Žƒ›‡”‡† ‘š‹†‡ ȋ•—…Š ƒ•
Ž‹–Š‹— …‘„ƒŽ– ‘š‹†‡Ȍǡ ƒ ’‘Ž›Ǧƒ‹‘ ȋ•—…Š
ƒ• Ž‹–Š‹— ‹”‘ ’Š‘•’Šƒ–‡Ȍǡ ‘” ƒ •’‹‡Ž
ȋ•—…Š ƒ• Ž‹–Š‹— ƒ‰ƒ‡•‡ ‘š‹†‡ȌǤ Š‡
‡Ž‡…–”‘Ž›–‡‹•–›’‹…ƒŽŽ›ƒ‹š–—”‡‘ˆ‘”‰ƒ‹…
…ƒ”„‘ƒ–‡• •—…Š ƒ• ‡–Š›Ž‡‡ …ƒ”„‘ƒ–‡ ‘”
†‹‡–Š›Ž …ƒ”„‘ƒ–‡ …‘–ƒ‹‹‰ …‘’Ž‡š‡•
‘ˆ Ž‹–Š‹— ‹‘• ȋ‹‹’‡†‹ƒ Ȃ ‹–Š‹— ‘
ƒ––‡”›ǡʹͲͳͳȌǤ
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Table 5: Sourcemap™ for an LCD module made in Poland.
‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž› Š‹‰Š ’”‘†—…– •ƒˆ‡–› ”‹••
ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š †‡ˆ‡…–• ‹ –Š‡ „ƒ––‡”›
’ƒ…‡š‹•–™Š‹…Šƒ‡•–Š‡ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰
’”‘…‡•• ‘ˆ „ƒ––‡”› …‡ŽŽ• Š‹‰ŠŽ› ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ǥ
Š‡ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹Ǧ‘ …‡ŽŽ• —•– ‡‡–
Š‹‰Š•–ƒ†ƒ”†•‘ˆ’”‘†—…–•ƒˆ‡–›–‘’”‡˜‡–
†‡ˆ‡…–• ˆ”‘ ‘……—””‹‰ǡ ‰”‡ƒ–Ž› ƒˆˆ‡…–‹‰
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”ǯ• ”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ƒ…‹Ž‹–‹‡• ˆ‘”
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ „ƒ––‡”› …‡ŽŽ• ƒ”‡ …ƒ’‹–ƒŽǦ
‹–‡•‹˜‡ ƒ† ’”‡†‘‹ƒ–Ž› ƒ—–‘ƒ–‡†Ǥ
—‡”‘—• ϐ‹”• ‘ˆ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •‹œ‡• ‘’‡”ƒ–‡
‹ –Š‹• •‡‰‡–ǡ ‘•–Ž› Ž‘…ƒ–‡† ‹ Š‹ƒǡ
ƒ’ƒ ƒ† ‘”‡ƒǤ ‘—”…‡ƒ’̻ •Š‘™‹‰
–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ‘…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•—•‡†‹
–Š‡ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡‘ˆƒŽ‹–Š‹—‹‘„ƒ––‡”›‹•
•Š‘™‹‹‰—”‡͸ǡ™Š‹…Š…ƒ‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡‘
ƒŽ‘•–‡˜‡”›…‘–‹‡–Ǥ
ƒ”†‹•”‹˜‡
Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ •’‡‡† ‘•– †‹”‡…–Ž›
‹ϐŽ—‡…‡•‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ǡ‡‘”›
•–‘”ƒ‰‡ ƒ† –Š‡ Šƒ”† †‹• †”‹˜‡ ȋȌ
‹ϐŽ—‡…‡‹–ƒ•™‡ŽŽ„‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡
‹ †‡’‡†‡…› ‘ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ‡‘”›Ǥ Š‡
…‘’—–‡”—•‡•˜‹”–—ƒŽ‡‘”›–‘ƒ—‰‡–
–Š‡‘”ƒŽ”ƒ†‘ƒ……‡••‡‘”›ȋȌ
–Šƒ– ‹• ‹•–ƒŽŽ‡† ‘ –Š‡ …‘’—–‡”Ǥ ‹”–—ƒŽ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
‡‘”› ‹• –Š‡ –‡’‘”ƒ”› •–‘”ƒ‰‡ ƒ”‡ƒ
™Š‡”‡ Š‹‰ŠǦ˜‘Ž—‡ ϐ‹Ž‡• ƒ”‡ ‡’– ƒ†
ƒŽŽ‘™•–Š‡…‘’—–‡”–‘—•‡Šƒ”††‹••’ƒ…‡
ƒ•Ǥ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ–Š‡™‘”‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡…›
‘ˆ —•‡”• ‹• ‹ϐŽ—‡…‡† „› –Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ –”ƒ•ˆ‡”
”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™Š‡ —•‹‰ ƒ ’”‘‰”ƒ
™‹–ŠƒŠ‹‰Š†‡’‡†‡…›‘…ƒ…Š‡‡‘”›ǡ
Ž‹‡ ‘•– ‰”ƒ’Š‹…• •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǥ Š‡ ƒ”‡
ƒ†‡ —’ ‘ˆ —‡”‘—• …‘’‘‡–• •—…Š
ƒ•ƒŽƒ•‡”ǡƒ’”‹–‡†…‹”…—‹–„‘ƒ”†ǡƒ‘–‘”ǡ
’ƒ••‹˜‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹……‘’‘‡–•ƒ†‘–Š‡”•Ǥ
Š‡ ƒ••‡„Ž› ‘ˆ –Š‡ †”‹˜‡• –ƒ‡• ’Žƒ…‡
‘•–Ž›‹Š‹ƒǤ
ƒ†‘Ǧƒ……‡•• ‡‘”› ȋȌ ‹• –Š‡
‡‘”› –Šƒ– –Š‡ …‘’—–‡” —•‡• –‘
–‡’‘”ƒ”‹Ž› •–‘”‡ –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ• ‹– ‹•
„‡‹‰ ’”‘…‡••‡†Ǥ Š‡ ‘”‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
’”‘…‡••‡†ǡ –Š‡ ‘”‡ –Š‡ …‘’—–‡”
‡‡†•Ǥ‘†ƒ›ǡ‹––ƒ‡•–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†
…‹”…—‹–•–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ‘™•–‘”‡††ƒ–ƒ–‘„‡ƒ……‡••‡†
‹ ƒ› ‘”†‡”Ǥ —””‡–Ž›ǡ ‘•– ‹†”ƒ‰‡
Žƒ’–‘’• ƒ”‡ ˆƒ…–‘”› ‡“—‹’’‡† ™‹–Š ͵ǦͶ ‘ˆ ʹ ȋ‹‹’‡†‹ƒǡ ƒ†‘Ǧƒ……‡••
‡‘”›ǡʹͲͳͳȌǤ
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Table 6: Sourcemap™ for lithium ion battery made in South Korea
RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL
Ž‡…–”‘‹… ™ƒ•–‡ǡ ƒŽ•‘ ”‡ˆ‡””‡† –‘ ƒ•
‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ ‘” ™ƒ•–‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽ ƒ† ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…
‡“—‹’‡– ȋȌǡ ‹…Ž—†‡• ƒ›–Š‹‰
–Šƒ–Šƒ•ƒ’Ž—‰‘”—•‡•„ƒ––‡”‹‡•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰
Žƒ’–‘’•Ǥ Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ’”‘†—…‡• ʹͲ –‘ ͷͲ
‹ŽŽ‹‘ –‘• ƒ ›‡ƒ”ǡ ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ǡ
†—‡ –‘ Š‹‰Š ‰”‘™–Š ”ƒ–‡• ‹ …‘„‹ƒ–‹‘
™‹–Š ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰ ‘„•‘Ž‡•…‡…‡ ”ƒ–‡•
ȋ—‡ŽŽ‡” ‡–Ǥ ƒŽǡ ʹͲͲͻȌǤ Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡•
‹• „› ˆƒ” –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†ǯ• –‘’ ’”‘†—…‡” ‘ˆ
‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ǡ „—– —…Š ‘ˆ ‹– ‡†• —’ ‹ ‘–Š‡”
…‘—–”‹‡•ǡ ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ ƒ–‹‘• Ž‹‡ Š‹ƒ
ƒ† †‹ƒ ȋƒ„Ž‡ ͶȌǤ  ‘—–Š ˆ”‹…ƒ ƒ†
Š‹ƒ ˆ‘” ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ „› ʹͲʹͲ ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ ˆ”‘
‘Ž† …‘’—–‡”• ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ Œ—’‡† „› ʹͲͲ
–‘ ͶͲͲ ’‡”…‡– ˆ”‘ ʹͲͲ͹ Ž‡˜‡Ž•ǡ ƒ† „›
ͷͲͲ’‡”…‡–‹†‹ƒȋ…ŠŽ—‡’‡–ƒŽǤʹͲͲͻȌǤ
™ƒ•–‡ǡ ƒ† ”‡“—‹”‡• ‡š’‘”–‡”• –‘ ‰‡– –Š‡
…‘•‡– ‘ˆ †‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ …‘—–”‹‡• „‡ˆ‘”‡
–Š‡› •‡† –”ƒ•Š ƒ„”‘ƒ†Ǥ ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ
–Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡•ǡ –Š‡ Žƒ”‰‡•– ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡
•‘—”…‡ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡› ƒ”‡ ƒ •‹‰ƒ–‘”› ‘ˆ
–Š‡ ƒ•‡Ž ‘˜‡–‹‘ǡ Šƒ˜‡ ‡˜‡” †‡’‘•‡†
‹•–”—‡–• ‘ˆ ”ƒ–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ Ž‡ƒ˜‹‰ –Š‡
‘˜‡–‹‘ ™‡ƒ‡‡†Ǥ – –Š‡ •ƒ‡ –‹‡ǡ
†‡•–‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ–‹‘• •—…Š ƒ• Š‹ƒ “—‹‡–Ž›
ƒŽŽ‘™ –Š‡ †—’‹‰ –‘ …‘–‹—‡ǡ ‘•–Ž› ˆ‘”
‡…‘‘‹… ‰ƒ‹ǡ †‡•’‹–‡ –Š‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
ƒ† Š‡ƒŽ–Š …‘•–•ǡ ™Š‹…Š …‘–‹—‡ –‘ ”‹•‡
ȋ”ƒƒ•Š‡–ǤƒŽʹͲͳͲȌǤ
Š‡ ƒ•‡Ž ‘˜‡–‹‘ ‘ –Š‡ ‘–”‘Ž ‘ˆ
”ƒ•„‘—†ƒ”› ‘˜‡‡–• ‘ˆ ƒœƒ”†‘—•
ƒ•–‡•ƒ†–Š‡‹”‹•’‘•ƒŽǡ™‹–Š–Š‡‰‘ƒŽ–‘
…‘–”‘Ž–Š‡Šƒœƒ”†‘—•‰ƒ”„ƒ‰‡ϐŽ‘™‹‰ˆ”‘
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ …‘—–”‹‡•ǡ ™‡–
‹–‘ ˆ‘”…‡ ‹ ͳͻͻʹǤ Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘ ƒŽŽ‘™•
…‘—–”‹‡•–‘—‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽŽ›„ƒ–Š‡‹’‘”–‘ˆ
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2 TYPICAL SUPPLY CHAIN
Table 4: Quantity of e-waste processed by country (Prakash et. al., 2010)
COUNTRY
QUANTITY OF E-WASTE
PROCESSED
(METRIC TONS/YEAR)
ASSESSMENT DATE
Senegal
3,730
2007
Uganda
4,390
2007
Kenya
7,350
2007
Peru
24,420
2006
Colombia
36,100
2006
Morocco
38,200
2007
South Africa
59,650
2007
Mexico
269,300
2006
Brasil
368,300
2005
India
439,000
2007
China
2,212,000
2007
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Social
Hotspot
Assessment
3 SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
GOAL AND SCOPE OF THE
ASSESSMENT
Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ••‡••‡– ‹• –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡
ƒ ’‘”–”ƒ‹– ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ Ž‹ˆ‡ …›…Ž‡ǯ• ‘•–
’”‘‹‡–•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–•Ǥ‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–•
ƒ”‡ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ †‡ϐ‹‡† ƒ•
‘—–”›Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹… ‡…–‘”• ȋȌǡ ‹ –Š‡
’”‘†—…– Ž‹ˆ‡ …›…Ž‡ –Šƒ– ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ Š‹‰Š‡”
‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ƒ††”‡•• ‹••—‡• ‘ˆ …‘…‡”
ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ Š—ƒ ”‹‰Š–•ǡ …‘—‹–› ™‡ŽŽǦ„‡‹‰
‡–…ǤȌǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǣ
Ȉ ‹••‘ˆ˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘•
Ȉ ‹••‡ˆˆ‡…–‹‰”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘•
Ȉ ••—‡•–Šƒ–‡‡†–‘„‡…‘•‹†‡”‡†
™Š‡†‘‹‰„—•‹‡••‹ƒ…‡”–ƒ‹
•‡…–‘”‹ƒ…‡”–ƒ‹”‡‰‹‘Ȁ…‘—–”›
Š‡ ƒ••‡••‡– ’”‡•‡–• –™‘ ‡–Š‘†• ‘ˆ
ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–•™‹–Š‹–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡
…›…Ž‡‘ˆƒŽƒ’–‘’ǣȋͳȌ–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡
‘…‹ƒŽ ‘–•’‘– ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ ȋȌ ‘†‡Ž ‹
–Š‹• ‡…–‹‘ ƒ† ȋʹȌ ˜‹ƒ ƒ …‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡
Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ‹ –Š‡
•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹‹‡…–‹‘ͶǤ
Š‡ ‘…‹ƒŽ ‘–•’‘– ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ ȋȌ
’”‘Œ‡…– Šƒ• Ž‡† –‘ –Š‡ …”‡ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ͳͺ •—„Ǧ
…ƒ–‡‰‘”› ‘…‹ƒŽ Š‡‡ ƒ„Ž‡• …‘–ƒ‹‹‰
ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ͷͲ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† •‘…‹ƒŽ
‹••—‡•ˆ‘”ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›ʹͲͲ…‘—–”‹‡•ƒ†
”‡‰‹‘• ƒ† ˜ƒ”‹‘—• •‡…–‘”•Ǥ Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡•
‹…Ž—†‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘” †ƒ–ƒ ‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡•
ƒ† …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† ”‹• ȋ‘” Dz‘’’‘”–—‹–›dzǦǦ
„‡…ƒ—•‡ƒ…‘’ƒ›…ƒ‹’”‘˜‡ƒ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡
•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ”ƒ–Š‡” –Šƒ ƒ„ƒ†‘‹‰ †—‡ –‘
”‹•Ȍˆ‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‹’ƒ…–••—…Šƒ•ˆ‘”…‡†Žƒ„‘”ǡ
ˆ”‡‡†‘ ‘ˆ ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡š…‡••‹˜‡ ™‘”‹‰
–‹‡ǡŽƒ„‘”Žƒ™•ǡƒ†ƒ……‡••–‘…‘—‹–›
•‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ–‘ƒ‡ƒˆ‡™ȋ‡‡‡šˆ‘”ƒŽŽȌǤ
Ž‘„ƒŽ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘” ƒ† “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡ †ƒ–ƒ ™‡”‡
…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡•‡ –ƒ„Ž‡• ˆ”‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• ™‹–Š •–”‘‰
•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽ ƒ‰‡…‹‡• •—…Š ƒ• –Š‡ ‘”Ž†
‡ƒŽ–Š ”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
ƒ„‘” ”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ‘”Ž† ƒǡ ƒ†
ƒ› ‘–Š‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”• ™‡”‡ –Š‡
…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ƒ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ”‹• ‘”
‘’’‘”–—‹–› ˆ”‘ Ž‘™ǡ ‡†‹—ǡ Š‹‰Šǡ ‘”
˜‡”›Š‹‰Šˆ‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•‘ˆ‹–‡”‡•–™‹–Š‹
‡ƒ…ŠŠ‡‡Ǥ
‡•‹†‡•–Š‡‘…‹ƒŽŠ‡‡ƒ„Ž‡•ǡ–Š‡
—•‡• ƒ ‘”‡” ‘—”• ‘†‡Ž –Šƒ– ”ƒ•
—‹– ’”‘…‡••‡• ȋ‹‡Ǥǡ †‡ϐ‹‡† „› Ȍ „›
Žƒ„‘” ‹–‡•‹–› ™‹–Š‹ ƒ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ ˆ‘”
ƒ •’‡…‹ϐ‹… ’”‘†—…– ˆ”‘ ƒ •’‡…‹ϐ‹… …‘—–”›Ǥ
‘”‡” Š‘—”• ƒ”‡ ƒ ‰‘‘† ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ ™Š‡”‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ƒ”‡ ‘•– ƒ…–‹˜‡ ‹ •—’’Ž›
…Šƒ‹•Ǥ‘”†‡”–‘…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡™‘”‡”Š‘—”•
„› ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘†‡Žǡ –™‘ •‘—”…‡• ‘ˆ †ƒ–ƒ
™‡”‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† Ȃ ȋͳȌ ƒ ‡…‘‘‹… ‹’—–Ǧ
‘—–’—– ȋȌ †ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ …ƒŽŽ‡† Ž‘„ƒŽ ”ƒ†‡
ƒŽ›•‹•”‘Œ‡…–ȋ
Ȍ–Šƒ–’”‘˜‹†‡•–‘–ƒŽ
™ƒ‰‡• ’ƒ‹† ‘—– „› …‘—–”› ƒ† •‡…–‘” ’‡”
†‘ŽŽƒ” ‘ˆ ‘—–’—– ƒ† ȋʹȌ —•‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ •‹ŽŽ‡†
ƒ†–‘–ƒŽƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡™ƒ‰‡•’‡”Š‘—”ˆ‘”–Š‘•‡
•ƒ‡Ǥ›†‹˜‹†‹‰–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ™ƒ‰‡•’ƒ‹†
‘—– „› –Š‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ™ƒ‰‡ ”ƒ–‡• ’‡” Š‘—” ‹
‡ƒ…Š ǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘ ‘„–ƒ‹ ƒ—ƒŽ
—•‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ •‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ ƒ† –‘–ƒŽ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”•
–‘ƒƒ–”‹š‘ˆͷ͹•‡…–‘”•ƒ†ͳͳ͵…‘—–”‹‡•
ƒ† ”‡‰‹‘•ǡ ”‡’‘”–‹‰ ˆ‘” ƒ –‘–ƒŽ ‘ˆ ͸ǡͶͶͳ
Ǥ
•‹‰ „‘–Š –Š‡ ‘”‡” ‘—”• ‘†‡Ž ƒ†
–Š‡‘…‹ƒŽ••—‡ƒ„Ž‡•ǡ‹–‹•’‘••‹„Ž‡
–‘ ‰—‹†‡ –Š‡ †‡…‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰ ’”‘…‡•• ˜‹ƒ
Š‘–•’‘– ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘ –‘ Š‡Ž’ †‡–‡”‹‡
‹ˆ ƒ† ™Š‡”‡ –‘ …‘†—…– …ƒ•‡ •’‡…‹Ƥ…
ƒ••‡••‡–•Ǥ‘–•’‘–†‡š‹•…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡†
–‘”‡†—…‡–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡”‹•”‡•—Ž–•†‘™
–‘ƒ•‹‰Ž‡˜ƒŽ—‡–‘Š‡Ž’’”‹‘”‹–‹œ‡–Š‡Ǥ
•‹‰Ž‡ •…‘”‡ Ž‹‡ –Š‹• ƒ› ‹–”‘†—…‡
—…‡”–ƒ‹–› ‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ‹‰Ǣ –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‹–
‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –‘ —†‡”•–ƒ† –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• „›
‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹•
’”‘˜‹†‡† ‹ ƒ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ •’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡– –‘
–Š‹•”‡’‘”–Ǥ
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Š‡‘†‡Ž‹‰”‡’”‡•‡–•‘‡–›’‡‘ˆ
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘—•‡†‹–Š‹•”‡’‘”––‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›
Š‘–•’‘–•Ǥ Š‡ •‡…‘† –›’‡ ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
…‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ ƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ ”‡’‘”–•
ƒ† †‘…—‡–• †‡Ž‹˜‡”‹‰ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
‘ –Š‡ ƒ‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ˆ‘—† ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹ˆ‡
…›…Ž‡ ‘ˆ ƒ Žƒ’–‘’ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• •—’’‘”–‡† „› ƒ
•—ƒ”›–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ‡…–‹‘
ͶǤŠ‹•Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™•—„•–ƒ–‹ƒ–‡†–Š‡
”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ••‡••‡– ƒ† ƒŽ•‘
…‘ϐ‹”‡† –Šƒ– ‘ ƒŒ‘” •‘…‹ƒŽ Š‘–•’‘–•
™‡”‡ Ž‡ˆ– —†‹•…‘˜‡”‡†Ǥ Š‡ –Š‹”† –›’‡ ‘ˆ
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘…‘•‹•–•‹ƒ•—ƒ”›‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ
‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡ƒ—†‹–ϐ‹†‹‰•”‡’‘”–‡†„›
…‘’ƒ‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… •‡…–‘” ȋǡ
ƒ† ’’Ž‡Ȍ ‹ –Š‡‹” •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹•ǯ
•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›”‡’‘”–•Ǥ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ„”‹‡ˆ
•—”˜‡›‘ˆ‡†‹ƒ…ƒ’ƒ‹‰•ǡ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ†
…‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘•”ƒ‹•‹‰ƒ†‡ƒ•—”‹‰•‘…‹ƒŽ
‹••—‡•‹•…‘’‹Ž‡†Ǥ
Š‡ •…‘’‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ••‡••‡– „ƒ•‡† ‘
Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ Ž‹ˆ‡ …›…Ž‡
ƒ‹ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• †‘‡• ‘–
‹…Ž—†‡ǣ „—•‹‡•• •‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ –”ƒ•’‘”–ǡ ™ƒ–‡”
’—”‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ǡ ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡
…‘•–”—…–‹‘ǡ ƒ† ˆƒ…–‘”› ƒ…Š‹‡”›Ǥ
‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‘•‡•‡…–‘”•ƒ”‡’ƒ”–•‘ˆ–Š‡
Ž‘„ƒŽ
‘†‡Ž —•‡† –‘ …”‡ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”•
ƒ••‡••‡–ǤŠ‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ”‡’‘”–•
ƒ† †‘…—‡–• ƒŽ•‘ ‡š…Ž—†‡† –Š‘•‡ •‡…–‘”•
™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡š…‡’–‹‘ ‘ˆ –”ƒ•’‘”–ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹•
’ƒ”–‹ƒŽŽ› …‘˜‡”‡†Ǥ Š‡ —•‡ ’Šƒ•‡ Šƒ• „‡‡
‡š…Ž—†‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡•…‘’‡‘ˆ–Š‹•ƒ••‡••‡–ǡ
–Š—• –Š‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹’ƒ…–• ‘ˆ ‡‡”‰›
’”‘†—…–‹‘ ƒ† …‘•—’–‹‘ ™Š‡ —•‹‰
–Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ ƒ”‡ ‘– …‘•‹†‡”‡†Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡‘”›
‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ —–‹Ž‹–› –Šƒ– Žƒ’–‘’• ‘ˆˆ‡” Šƒ• ƒŽ•‘
‘– „‡‡ ”ƒ‹•‡† ‹ –Š‡ …‘–‡š– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–—†›Ǥ
‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡ ƒ—†‹– ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ”‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ‘Ž›
ˆ‘”–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•‡…–‘”ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ›‹…Ž—†‡ǡ
†‡’‡†‹‰ ‘ –Š‡ •‘—”…‡ ‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǣ
•—’’Ž‹‡”• ‘ˆ „‘–Š ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡† ’”‘†—…–•ǡ
•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ƒ†•‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥ
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SHDB METHODOLOGY
‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–•‹–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’Ž‹ˆ‡…›…Ž‡™‡”‡
‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡†ƒ•‘—–”›Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹…‡…–‘”•„ƒ•‡†
‘ƒƒ••‡••‡–—•‹‰–Š‡‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–
ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ ȋȌǤ  ‘”†‡” –‘ †‡–‡”‹‡
–Š‡ …‘—–”‹‡• ƒ† •‡…–‘”• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‘•–
ƒ– ”‹• ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ǡ –™‘
’”‘†—…–•›•–‡‘†‡Ž•ȋ‹Ǥ‡ǤǡŽ‹•–•Ȍ™‡”‡
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ƒ†–‡•–‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‡Ǥ
Š‡ϐ‹”•–Ž‹•–™ƒ•„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‘”‡”‘—”•
••‡••‡– †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ˆ”‘ ǯ• ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ
‡…‘‘‹… ‡“—‹Ž‹„”‹— †ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡Ǥ Š‡
’”‹ƒ”›—•‡†–‘ƒ••‡••™‘”‡”Š‘—”•‹
–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹™ƒ•–Š‡…‘’—–‹‰
ƒ†‘ˆϐ‹…‡‡“—‹’‡–ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰•‡…–‘”
‹ Š‹ƒǤ Š‡ •‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ —•‹ŽŽ‡† ƒ† –‘–ƒŽ
™‘”‡”Š‘—”•‡…‡••ƒ”›–‘’”‘†—…‡̈́ͳ
‘ˆŽƒ’–‘’•‹Š‹ƒ™‡”‡†‡–‡”‹‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡
–‘–ƒŽ’‘••‹„Ž‡͸ǡͶͶͳǤ‹…‡–Š‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›
‘ˆ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ȋƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ͻ͹
’‡”…‡–Ȍ ‘……—” ‹ –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– ʹͲͲ •‡“—‡–‹ƒŽ
ǡ ‘Ž› –Š‡•‡ ‘”‡” ‘—” ȋȌ ™‡”‡–‡•–‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‡Ǥ
Š‡ •‡…‘† Ž‹•– ™ƒ• „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ
‡š–‡”ƒŽ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •—’’Ž›
…Šƒ‹ǡ †‡ϐ‹‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǡ …‘’‘‡–•
ƒ† ”‡•‘—”…‡• ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡
ƒ Žƒ’–‘’ ƒ† ƒ••‹‰‹‰ –Š‡ –‘ ƒ •’‡…‹ϐ‹…
•‡…–‘”Ǥ‡š–ǡ…‘—–”‹‡•–Šƒ–‡š–”ƒ…–ǡ”‡ϐ‹‡ǡ
’”‘†—…‡ǡ ƒ••‡„Ž‡ǡ ƒ† ‡š’‘”– –Š‡•‡
‡••‡–‹ƒŽ•ƒ”‡†‡–‡”‹‡†˜‹ƒ–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡Ǥ
Ž‹•–‘ˆ͵͵Ͷ—’’Ž›Šƒ‹ȋȌǯ•™‡”‡
‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡† „› –Š‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ƒ†
‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†—•‹‰–Š‡ǤŠ‡•‡…‘†Ž‹•–
™ƒ•’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›—•‡†–‘…ƒ’–—”‡–Šƒ–ƒ›
‘–…‘–”‹„—–‡ƒ‰”‡ƒ–†‡ƒŽ‘ˆ™‘”‡”Š‘—”•
‹–Š‡•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹„—–‹‰Š–„‡…”‹–‹…ƒŽ–‘
’”‘†—…–‹‘‘ˆŽƒ’–‘’•‹Š‹ƒǤ
Š‡ †‡–ƒ‹Ž‡† ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ‘†‡Ž‹‰
ƒ••‡••‡–• ƒ”‡ •Š‘™ ‹ ƒ •—’’Ž‡‡–ƒŽ
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3 SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
•’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡– –‘ –Š‹• ”‡’‘”–Ǥ •›‘’•‹•
‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ† •—ƒ”› –ƒ„Ž‡• ƒ”‡
’”‘˜‹†‡† ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‡…–‹‘ ͵Ǥ͵ ƒ†ǡ
‘”‡•—……‹…–Ž›ǡ‹–Š‡‡š‡…—–‹˜‡•—ƒ”›Ǥ
SOCIAL HOTSPOT INDEX
‹–Š ‘˜‡” ͷͲ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡† •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡•
™‹–Š‹ ͳͺ ‘…‹ƒŽ Š‡‡• ˆ‘” Š—†”‡†•
‘ˆ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ ȋ„‘–Š Ž‹•–•Ȍǡ –Š‡ ƒ‘—–
‘ˆ †ƒ–ƒ ‹• †‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž– –‘ ƒ••‡•• ˆ‘” †‡…‹•‹‘Ǧ
ƒ‹‰Ǥ‘”†‡”–‘„‡––‡”—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡
˜ƒ•– ƒ‘—– ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡ †ƒ–ƒ ˆ‘” ‡ƒ…Š
ǡƒ‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–†‡š™ƒ•…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡†Ǥ
Š‡†‡š™ƒ•†‡–‡”‹‡†„›ϐ‹”•–™‡‹‰Š‹‰
–Š‡ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ”‹• ‘” ‘’’‘”–—‹–› ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡†
ˆ‘”‡ƒ…Š…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡†•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡ǡ†‹˜‹†‹‰
„› –Š‡ Š‹‰Š‡•– ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ •…‘”‡ ȋ‹‡ǡ ‹ˆ ƒŽŽ
•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•Šƒ†–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–’‘••‹„Ž‡”‹•Ȍǡ
ƒ†—Ž–‹’Ž›‹‰„›ƒˆƒ…–‘”‘ˆͳͲͲǤœ‡”‘
™ƒ•ƒ••‹‰‡†–‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•™‹–ŠŽ‘™”‹•ǡ
ƒͳ™ƒ•ƒ••‹‰‡†–‘–Š‘•‡–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‡†‹—ǡ
ƒʹ–‘–Š‘•‡™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š”‹•ǡƒ†ƒ͵ˆ‘”–Š‘•‡
™‹–Š ˜‡”› Š‹‰Š ”‹•Ǥ —‹‰ ƒ…”‘•• ƒŽŽ
•‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ”‡•—Ž–‡† ‹ ƒ –‘–ƒŽ —„‡” ‘ˆ
™‡‹‰Š–‡†•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•–‘„‡ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆ™Š‡
™‘”‹‰‹–Šƒ–…‘—–”›ƒ†•‡…–‘”Ǥ
Š‡ ‹†‡š –Š‡ ‹…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡† –Š‡ •Šƒ”‡ ‘ˆ
™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ˆ‘” ‡ƒ…Š ‹ –Š‡ Š‹‡•‡
…‘’—–‹‰ ƒ† ‘ˆϐ‹…‡ ‡“—‹’‡– •‡…–‘”
”ƒ‹‰Ǥ ‘” –Š‘•‡ ™‹–Š ‰”‡ƒ–‡” –Šƒ
‘” ‡“—ƒŽ –‘ ͳ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ™‘”‡”
Š‘—”• ’‡” ‹ŽŽ‹‘ †‘ŽŽƒ”• ‘ˆ ’”‘†—…– ȋ–‘’
ͳͳ‹”ƒ‹‰Ȍǡ–Š‡™‡‹‰Š–‡†•—‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ
‹••—‡• ™ƒ• ‹…”‡ƒ•‡† „› ͵Ͳ ’‡”…‡–ǡ –Š‘•‡
™‹–Š‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ‘”‡“—ƒŽ–‘ͲǤʹ’‡”…‡–‘ˆ
–Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ’‡” ‹ŽŽ‹‘ †‘ŽŽƒ”•
ȋ–‘’ ͵͵Ȍ ™‡”‡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡† „› ʹͲ ’‡”…‡–ǡ
ƒ† –Š‘•‡ ™‹–Š ‰”‡ƒ–‡” –Šƒ ‘” ‡“—ƒŽ –‘
ͲǤͳ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ’‡”
‹ŽŽ‹‘†‘ŽŽƒ”•ȋ–‘’ͶͺȌ™‡”‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡†„›
ͳͲ’‡”…‡–Ǥ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
‡š–ǡ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒŽ •— ™ƒ• †‹˜‹†‡† „› –Š‡
Š‹‰Š‡•– ’‘••‹„Ž‡ •…‘”‡ ˆ‘” –Šƒ– ǡ ™Š‹…Š
†‹•…‘—–‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‹••—‡• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ ‘
†ƒ–ƒ ȋǤ†ǤȌ ‘” ƒ”‡ ‘– ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ„Ž‡ ȋǤƒǤȌǤ
Š‡ ƒš‹— ‘–•’‘– †‡š ƒ …‘—Ž†
ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡ ‹• ͳͲͲ „‡…ƒ—•‡ ‹ •‘‡ …ƒ•‡•ǡ
™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ™‡‹‰Š–‡† •— ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡•
™ƒ• ‰”‡ƒ–‡” –Šƒ –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ ’‘••‹„Ž‡ •…‘”‡
ȋ†—‡–‘–Š‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡•ƒ††‡†ˆ‘”™‹–Š–Š‡
Š‹‰Š‡•– •Šƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”•Ȍǡ –Š‡ †‡š
™ƒ• ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ› •‡– –‘ ͳͲͲǤ Š‡ ‘…‹ƒŽ
‘–•’‘– †‡š ™ƒ• –Š‡ —•‡† –‘ ’”‹‘”‹–‹œ‡
–Š‡‹–Š‡•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹™‹–Š–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•–
”‹•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•‘”‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘ƒ‡
’‘•‹–‹˜‡•‘…‹ƒŽ…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ
‘…‡’–—ƒŽ‘†‡Ž
• ƒ •—ƒ”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰›ǡ ‹‰—”‡
͹ ‘ˆˆ‡”• ƒ …‘…‡’– †‹ƒ‰”ƒǤ ™‘ Ž‹•–• ‘ˆ
™‡”‡ –‡•–‡† ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‘†‡Žǡ
‘‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ •Šƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”•
ƒ† ƒ‘–Š‡” „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ”‡˜‹‡™
‘ˆ ‘–Š‡” ‹’‘”–ƒ– …‘—–”‹‡• ƒ† •‡…–‘”•
‹ –Š‡ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ ȋ‰”‡‡ „‘š‡•ȌǤ ‘–ƒŽ
™ƒ‰‡• ’ƒ‹† ‘—– ’‡” †‘ŽŽƒ” ‘ˆ ‘—–’—– ˆ”‘
–Š‡
†ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ƒ†ƒƒ–”‹š‘ˆ™ƒ‰‡•
„›…‘—–”›ƒ†•‡…–‘”™‡”‡—•‡†–‘…”‡ƒ–‡
–Š‡™‘”‡”Š‘—”•‘†‡ŽǢƒ†‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡ
•‡…‘†ƒ”› •‘—”…‡• ‘ˆ †ƒ–ƒ ™‡”‡ —•‡† –‘
„—‹Ž† –Š‡ ‹• ƒ† ’’‘”–—‹–›
ƒ„Ž‡• „› …‘—–”› ƒ† •‡…–‘”ǡ ‹ˆ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡
ȋ”‡† „‘š‡•ȌǤ ‡•—Ž–• ˆ”‘ –‡•–‹‰ –Š‡ –™‘
Ž‹•–• ™‹–Š –Š‡ –ƒ„Ž‡•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ•
–Š‡™‘”‡”Š‘—””ƒ‹‰•ǡ™‡”‡–Š‡—•‡†
–‘…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡–Š‡‘–•’‘–†‡šȋ’—”’Ž‡ƒ†
„Ž—‡„‘š‡•ȌǤ
HOTSPOTS BASED ON
WORKER HOURS
‘” –Š‡ ‘”‡” ‘—”• ƒ••‡••‡–ǡ —•‹‰
–Š‡ ‘†‡Žǡ ƒ ”ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‘–ƒŽ
’‘••‹„Ž‡͸ǡͶͶͳ™‹–Š–Š‡‰”‡ƒ–‡•–•Šƒ”‡
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3 SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
‘ˆ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ™ƒ• ’”‘†—…‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡
•‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ—•‹ŽŽ‡†ǡƒ†–‘–ƒŽ™‘”ˆ‘”…‡ǤŠ‡
”ƒ‹‰• ‘ˆ ƒ”‡ „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡•–
•Šƒ”‡‘ˆ™‘”‡”Š‘—”•‹–Š‡’”‘†—…–‹‘‘ˆ
̈́ͳ‘ˆ…‘’—–‹‰ƒ†‘ˆϐ‹…‡‡“—‹’‡–
‹Š‹ƒǤŠ‡–‘’ʹͲͲ‘–ƒŽ™‡”‡
–‡•–‡†ƒ†–Š‡–‘’ͳͲƒ”‡Ž‹•–‡†‹–Š‡ϐ‹”•–
•‡–•Š‘™‹ƒ„Ž‡ͷǤ
‡“—‹’‡–ǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ‘”‡
–ŠƒͷͲΨ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ™‘”‡”Š‘—”•Ǥ–Š‡”
‹’‘”–ƒ– •‡…–‘”• ™‹–Š ”‡‰ƒ”†• –‘ ™‘”‡”
Š‘—”• ‹…Ž—†‡ „—•‹‡•• •‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ
‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†–”ƒ•’‘”–Ǥ
Š‡Š‘–•’‘–ƒ••‡••‡–™ƒ•’‡”ˆ‘”‡†‘
–Š‡–‘’ʹͲͲ”ƒ‡†—•‹‰–Š‡ǡ
Figure 7: Concept diagram of the SHDB Methodology
GTAP I/O Database
• Wages paid out per $ output
Wage Rates from ILO,
OECD, UNIDO, FAO-RIGA
Worker Hours
(WH) Model
CSS List based on external
literature review
CSS Lists based on
WH Rank
Social Theme Risk &
Opportunity (R/O) Tables
Social Hotspot
Inex
Country & Sector Indicator Data
from Statistical Databases
Data from an outside source
Models developed by New Earth
CSS Lists for SHDB Assessment
• ‹• •Š‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ‘”ƒ‰‡ Š‡ƒ†‡”• ‹
ƒ„Ž‡ ͷǡ ͻͷ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”•
–‘ ’”‘†—…‡ ƒ Žƒ’–‘’ ƒ”‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ϐ‹”•–
͹ͷ ”ƒ‡† ˆ‘” •‹ŽŽ‡†ǡ –Š‡ –‘’ ͸͸ ˆ‘”
—•‹ŽŽ‡†ǡƒ†–Š‡–‘’͹ͳˆ‘”–‘–ƒŽǤŠ‡–‘’
ͳͲˆ‘”‡ƒ…Š‹••Š‘™ǡƒ†ƒŽŽ•‡…–‘”••Š‘™
ƒ”‡ ‹ –Š‡ ϐ‹ƒŽ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ …‘—–”›ǡ Š‹ƒǤ
Š‡ –‘’ •‡…–‘” ‹ ƒŽŽ –Š”‡‡ …ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡• ‹•
–Š‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡ ‘ˆ …‘’—–‹‰ Ƭ ‘ˆϐ‹…‡
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
Final Index for prioritization
•Š‘™‹ƒ•—’’Ž‡‡–ƒŽ•’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡–Ǥƒ„Ž‡
͸ Ž‹•–• –Š‘•‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ Žƒ”‰‡•– ‘–•’‘–
†‡š –Šƒ– ƒ› „‡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ Š‘–•’‘–•
‹ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹Ǥ ”‘†—…–‹‘
ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•‹–Š‡‘—–Š‡–”ƒŽˆ”‹…ƒ‡‰‹‘
ƒ† ‘œƒ„‹“—‡ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ‘•– ƒ– ”‹• ‘ˆ
•‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ™Š‹Ž‡ ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ Š‹‰Š ‹ –Š‡
™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ”ƒ‹‰Ǥ ‹‹‰ǡ ‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹–›
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3 SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
Table 5: Top ten sectors by worker hours for total, skilled, and unskilled workforce All based in China according to GTAP Assessment
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
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3 SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
’”‘†—…–‹‘ƒ†Žƒ†–”ƒ•’‘”–‹†‹ƒƒŽ•‘
ƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘…‘–”‹„—–‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•Ǥ‘•–‘ˆ
–Š‡–‘’ͳͲˆ‘”™‘”‡”Š‘—”•ǡƒŽŽ‹Š‹ƒǡ
ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘‘–Š‹•Ž‹•–ǡ•Š‘™‹‰ƒŠ‹‰Š‘–•’‘–
†‡šˆ‘”•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•‡…–‘”•ǤŠ‘•‡™‹–Š‘•–
…‘…‡” ƒ”‡ ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž› ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ƒ†
‹‹‰ •‡…–‘”•ǡ ™‹–Š ”‡–ƒ‹Ž ƒ† ™Š‘Ž‡•ƒŽ‡
‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† Žƒ† –”ƒ•’‘”– ƒŽ•‘ „‡‹‰
’‡”–‹‡–Ǥ
Š‡ ’”‘†—…‹‰ Žƒ’–‘’• ‹ Š‹ƒǡ –Š‡
ƒŒ‘”‹–› ‘ˆ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡•– •Šƒ”‡
Table 6: Top thirty countries and respective sectors (CSS) most at risk
for social issues to be present in the laptop supply chain
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
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3 SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
ȋ–‘’ ͻͷ ’‡”…‡–Ȍ ‘ˆ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ƒ”‡ ƒŽ•‘
™‹–Š‹ Š‹ƒǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‹– ‹• ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– –‘
Ž‘‘ ƒ– ‘…‹ƒŽ ‘–•’‘–• ˆ‘” Š‹ƒ ƒ– –Š‡
…‘—–”›Ž‡˜‡ŽǤ‹‰—”‡ͺ•Š‘™•–Š‡‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒŽ
‘—–’—–ˆ”‘–Š‡™‡„‹•–ƒ…‡ȋ™™™Ǥ
•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–Ǥ‘”‰Ȍ ˆ‘” Š‹ƒǤ Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡
•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•™‹–ŠŠ‹‰Š–‘˜‡”›Š‹‰Š
”‹•ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ …Š‹Ž† Žƒ„‘”ǡ ˆ‘”…‡† Žƒ„‘”ǡ
‡š…‡••‹˜‡ ™‘”‹‰ –‹‡ǡ ˆ”ƒ‰‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡
Ž‡‰ƒŽ•›•–‡ǡˆ”‡‡†‘‘ˆƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘”‹‰Š–•ǡ
ƒ†‹†‹‰‡‘—•’”‘–‡…–‹‘•Ǥ
– –Š‡ •‡…–‘”Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹… Ž‡˜‡Ž ˆ‘” –Š‡
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡ ‘ˆ …‘’—–‹‰ ƒ…Š‹‡”›
ƒ† ‘ˆϐ‹…‡ ‡“—‹’‡–ǡ ™ƒ‰‡• ‹‰Š– ‘–
„‡ ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡ ‹ ‡‡’‹‰ —•‹ŽŽ‡† ™‘”‡”•
˜‡”›Š‹‰Š”‹•–Šƒ–™‘”‡”•™‹ŽŽ„‡ˆ‘”…‡†–‘
™‘”‘˜‡”ͶͺŠ‘—”•ƒ™‡‡Ǥ‡…–‘”Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹…
•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–•ƒ”‡‘–•Š‘™‹‹‰—”‡ͺǤ
HOTSPOTS BASED ON THE SUPPLY
CHAIN (SC)
ƒ•‡†‘ƒ…‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™
‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹ǡƒ„Ž‡͹’”‡•‡–•
–Š‡ †‡–‡”‹‡† ƒ• ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ …‘—–”‹‡•
ƒ† •‡…–‘”• –Šƒ– •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡† ˆ‘”
•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•Ǥ‘—–”‹‡•–Šƒ–‹‡’”‡…‹‘—•
ƒ† ˆ‡””‘—• ‡–ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‘•‡ –Šƒ–
’”‘†—…‡ ’Žƒ•–‹…•ǡ ‰Žƒ••ǡ ƒ† …Š‡‹…ƒŽ•
™‡”‡ ‹…Ž—†‡† ‹ –Š‹• Ž‹•–Ǥ š–”ƒ…–‹‘ ƒ†
”‡ϐ‹‹‰ ‘ˆ ˆ‘••‹Ž ˆ—‡Ž• ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ƒƒŽ›œ‡†
Figure 8: All country level social hotspots for China
ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡’‘˜‡”–›Ž‹‡‘ˆ̈́ʹ’‡”†ƒ›•‡–„›
–Š‡ ‘”Ž† ƒ ‘” ƒ„‘˜‡ –Š‡ ‘Ǧ’‘˜‡”–›
‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡ •‡– „› –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ„‘”
‹‰Š–•‘”—ȋ™‡ƒ–ˆ”‡‡Ǥ‘”‰ǡʹͲͳͳȌǤŠ‡”‡
‹•ƒŽ•‘–Š‡”‹•‘ˆ„‘–Š…Š‹Ž†ƒ†ˆ‘”…‡†Žƒ„‘”
™‹–Š‹ –Š‹• ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” •‡…–‘”ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ƒ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
ˆ‘” –Š‡ –‘’ ‡š’‘”–‹‰ …‘—–”‹‡•Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š
„—•‹‡•• •‡”˜‹…‡• ƒ† ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ •‡…–‘”•ǡ ƒ•
™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –”ƒ•’‘”– ƒ† —–‹Ž‹–› •‡…–‘”•ǡ ™‡”‡
‘–‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‹•’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ••‡••‡–ǡ
–Š‘•‡Ž‘‰‹•–‹…ƒŽ•‡…–‘”•™‡”‡‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡
‘”‡”‘—”•••‡••‡–‹‡…–‹‘͵Ǥ͵Ǥ
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3 SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
Table 7. Countries and related sectors in laptop supply chain
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
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3 SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
Š‡ Ž‹•–‡† ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š
•Š‘™ ƒ„‘˜‡ ‹ ƒ„Ž‡ ͹ ™‡”‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†
—•‹‰ –Š‡ Ǥ Š‡ •—’’Ž‡‡–ƒŽ
•’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡– ‹…Ž—†‡• •‘…‹ƒŽ ”‹• ”‡•—Ž–•
ˆ‘”–Š‡‡–‹”‡Ž‹•–‘ˆ͵͵ͷ—’’Ž›Šƒ‹ȋȌ
Ǥ  ƒ„Ž‡ ͺǡ –Š‹”–› —’’Ž› Šƒ‹ ȋȌ
™‡”‡ •‡Ž‡…–‡† „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡‹” ‘–•’‘–
†‡šƒ†‘”‡”‘—”•”ƒ‹‰ǤŠ‹‰Š‡”
‹†‡š ‹†‹…ƒ–‡• ƒ ‰”‡ƒ–‡” ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡…‡ ‘ˆ
•‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ƒ† ƒ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ Š‘–•’‘– ‹
–Š‡ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ ‘ˆ ƒ Žƒ’–‘’Ǥ Š‡ ™‘”‡”
Š‘—”•”ƒ‹‰‹–Š‡ϐ‹”•–…‘Ž—‹•„ƒ•‡†
‘ ͸ǡͶͶͳ –‘–ƒŽ ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ‘†‡Ž ‘ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ’‡” ’”‘†—…–‹‘
‘ˆ ̈́ͳ ‘ˆ Žƒ’–‘’• ‹ Š‹ƒǤ —„‡” ͳ
‘ –Š‡ ‘”‡” ‘—” Ž‹•– ‹• Š‹ƒ ƒ† –Š‡
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ‘ˆ …‘’—–‹‰ ƒ† ‘ˆϐ‹…‡
‡“—‹’‡–ǡ™Š‹…Š…‘’”‹•‡•‘”‡–ŠƒͷͲ
’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”•
ȋƒ„Ž‡ͷȌǤ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
Š‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡•– —„‡” ‘ˆ
•‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ‹• –Š‡ ‡š–”ƒ…–‹‘ ‘ˆ …”—†‡
’‡–”‘Ž‡— ‹ ‰‘ŽƒǤ ’‡…‹ϐ‹… ‹‹‰ ƒ†
ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ •‡…–‘”• ˆ‘” ‘œƒ„‹“—‡ǡ
†‹ƒǡ †‘‡•‹ƒǡ ǡ ƒ† †‡ϐ‹‹–‡Ž›
Š‹ƒ ƒ”‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ– –‘ „‡ ƒ™ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ
™Š‡ †‘‹‰ „—•‹‡•• ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ •—’’Ž›
…Šƒ‹Ǥ –Š‡” …‘—–”‹‡• ƒ† •‡…–‘”• –Šƒ–
ƒ› „‡ …‘•‹†‡”‡† Š‘–•’‘–•ǡ „—– †‘ ‘–
Šƒ˜‡ ƒ Š‹‰Š •Šƒ”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ‹
–Š‡ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ ƒ”‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ‹
ƒ„‘†‹ƒǡ‡›ƒǡŽƒŽ˜ƒ†‘”ǡƒ‰Žƒ†‡•Šǡ
ƒ†ƒ‹•–ƒǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‹‹‰‹‹‰‡”‹ƒǡ
ƒ‡”‘‘ǡƒœƒ‹ƒǡ—”—†‹ǡ™ƒ†ƒǡƒ†
–Š‹‘’‹ƒǤ
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3 SOCIAL HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT
Table 8. Top twenty-five country-specific sectors most at risk for hotspots to be present based on a
literature review of the most important CSS in the supply chain of a laptop. Worker hours ranking based
on 6,441 total CSS according to GTAP
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Literature Review
of Social Issues
4 LITERATURE REVIEW OF SOCIAL ISSUES
The literature review results on social issues found in
the laptop supply chain are summarized in Table 9. A full
text version providing details on this synthesis is available
in Annex B. The review showed that the mining, electronics
manufacturing as well as the recycling and disposal
activities may include important social risks.
Table 9: Main social hotspots identified through the literature review
SECTOR OR LIFE
CYCLE ACTIVITY
ISSUE
DESCRIPTION
REFERENCE
Mining
Human Rights
Violations
A clear link exists between mineral extraction and
human rights. Rebel groups have used various forms
violent and disturbing tactics to drive locals from
mineral-rich areas in DRC.
BSR, 2010
Rosen, 2010
Mining
Corruption/Conflict
A clear link exists between mineral extraction and
conflict, it can directly or indirectly finance armed
confrontation, as in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo.
BSR, 2010
Mining
Labor Violations
Artisan workers in the DRC work in open pits with
pick axes and shovels for extremely low wages each
day.
Rosen, 2010
Mining
Land Disputes
“Africa’s World War” started over land rights, regional
and ethical power struggles and lack of sound
governance, but the minerals trade has long been a
driver of the conflict.
Rosen, 2010
Electronics
Manufacturing
Occupational Health
and Safety
Laws are comprehensively regulated but not well
implemented in China especially. Workplace accidents
and illness exist at a high rate because of the handling
of toxic materials. Working condition tend to be worse
in smaller local firms because of less attention from
the state and NGOs.
Manhart &
Greßhammer, 2006
Electronics
Manufacturing
Women’s Rights/Child
Labor/Forced Labor
In China many employees are women who often lack
equal rights. Child labor is common where migrant
workers are unavailable. They tend to work the
night shifts of perform dangerous activities. Forced
labor has been found with semi-enslavement of
manufacturing plant workers and the use of debt
bondage labor.
Manhart &
Greßhammer, 2006
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4 LITERATURE REVIEW OF SOCIAL ISSUES
Table 9: Main social hotspots identified through the literature review
SECTOR OR LIFE
CYCLE ACTIVITY
ISSUE
DESCRIPTION
REFERENCE
Electronics
Manufacturing
Labor Rights
China does not accept ILO’s freedom of association
and collective bargaining. They only accept the, all
state – controlled ACFTU. Employment security is
low because of limited-term contracts and dismissal
without notice is common. Social Security is required
but poorly implemented, delayed wage payment to
keep employees from stopping early is common as
well as long worker hours and limited time off. Codes
of Conduct are available in some companies but are
not always effective.
Manhart &
Grießhammer, 2006
Franze & Ciroth, 2010
Electronics
Manufacturing
Fair Wage
China frequently practices holding wages below
statutory minimum by charging disproportionately high
rates for boarding and lodging. They also ensure that
minimum wage levels can only be reached by working
overtime in many cases.
Manhart &
Grießhammer, 2006
Transport
No information found
on social issues, more
research necessary
Recycling & Disposal
Occupational Health
and Safety
Employees are exposed to severe health hazards but
measures for proper health and safety standards are
becoming increasingly available.
Schluep et. al, 2009
Recycling & Disposal
Fair Wage
In Ghana most people working in the e-waste sector
live in extreme poverty due to very low incomes. Social
Security is non-existent.
Schluep et. al, 2009
Recycling & Disposal
Worker Rights
Employees work in rigorous, insecure working
conditions with high turnover rates.
Schluep et. al, 2009
Recycling & Disposal
Child Labor
Children as young as 5 have been seen working long
hours.
Schluep et. al, 2009
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Social
Non-compliance
Audits
5 SOCIAL NON-COMPLIANCE AUDITS
–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…••‡…–‘”ǡ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ„”ƒ†‘™‡”•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡‹”‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡
ƒ—†‹– ”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ”‡ •Š‘™ ‹ ƒ„Ž‡ ͳͲǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡† „› •‹‹Žƒ” –Š‡‡•ǡ
•Š‘™‹‰ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘Ž› ˆ‘” –Š‘•‡ ‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡ ‹••—‡• –Šƒ– ™‡”‡ ƒ••‡••‡† ƒ• „‡‹‰ –Š‡
‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–„›–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹……‘’ƒ‹‡•Ǥ‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†•ƒˆ‡–›ǡ‡š…‡••‹˜‡™‘”‹‰Š‘—”•ǡ
Š—ƒ‡–”‡ƒ–‡–ǡ…Š‹Ž†Žƒ„‘”ǡˆ‘”…‡†Žƒ„‘”ƒ†Ž‘™™ƒ‰‡•ƒ”‡ƒŽŽ–‘’‹…•ˆ‘”™Š‹…ŠƒŠ‹‰Š‡”
†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆ‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡‹•ˆ‘—†ǤŽ›„”‡ƒ•†‘™–Š‡‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡„›”‡‰‹‘•‘
‹–™ƒ•…Š‘•‡–‘•Š‘™‘Ž›–‘–ƒŽ‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽŽ›Ǥ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
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5 SOCIAL NON-COMPLIANCE AUDITS
Table 10: Main audit non-compliance identified through the literature review
NON COMPLIANCE TOPICS
REGION
REFERENCE
Health and Safety Total non-compliance 75%
Global
2009 Corporate Responsibility Report, IBM
Health and Safety Overall non-compliance, 28%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Health and Safety Communication non-compliance, 27%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Working Hours non – compliance, 68%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Working Hours Total non-compliance 54%
Global
2009 Corporate Responsibility Report, IBM
Working Hours non-compliance, major 26-50%
Global
HP Global Citizenship: Supply chain audit findings 2010
Respect and Dignity Total non-compliance 31%
Global
2009 Corporate Responsibility Report, IBM
Humane Treatment non-compliance, major 1-10%
Global
HP Global Citizenship : Supply chain audit findings 2010
Antidiscrimination non-compliance, 31%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Nondiscrimination Total non-compliance 12%
Global
2009 Corporate Responsibility Report, IBM
Nondiscrimination non-compliance, major 1-10%
Global
HP Global Citizenship: Supply chain audit findings 2010
Juvenile Worker Protections non –compliance, 26%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Child Labor &Regulations Total non-compliance 12%
Global
2009 Corporate Responsibility Report, IBM
Child Labor Avoidance, non-compliance, 1-10% major
and 11-25% major
Global
HP Global Citizenship: Supply chain audit findings 2010
Prevention of involuntary labor non- compliance, 24%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Forced Labor & Regulations Total non-compliance 7%
Global
2009 Corporate Responsibility Report, IBM
Freely Chosen Employment, non-compliance, 1-10% major
Global
HP Global Citizenship: Supply chain audit findings 2010
Wages and Benefits Total non-compliance 45%
Global
2009 Corporate Responsibility Report, IBM
Wages and benefits non-compliance, 30%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Wages and Benefits non-compliance, major 11-25% and
minor 11-25%
Global
HP Global Citizenship: Supply chain audit findings 2010
Labor and Human Rights Overall non-compliance, 28%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Labor Management System Overall non-compliance,
major 11-25%
Global
HP Global Citizenship: Supply chain audit findings 2010
Occupational Injury prevention non-compliance, 43%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Occupational Injury and Illness non-compliance, major
1-10% and minor 11-25%
Global
HP Global Citizenship: Supply chain audit findings 2010
Prevention of Chemical exposure non-compliance, 15%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Emergency Prevention, Preparedness, and response
non-compliance, 34%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Emergency Preparedness non-compliance, major
11-25% and minor 11-25%
Global
HP Global Citizenship : Supply chain audit findings 2010
Occupational Safety Procedures and systems
non-compliance,23%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Occupational Safety non-compliance, major 1-10%
and minor 11-25%
Global
HP Global Citizenship : Supply chain audit findings 2010
Corrective Action Process non-compliance, 43%
Global
Apple Supplier Responsibility 2011 Progress Report
Freedom of Association non-compliance, major 1-10%
Global
HP Global Citizenship : Supply chain audit findings 2010
Industrial Hygiene non-compliance, major 11-25% and
minor 11-25%
Global
HP Global Citizenship : Supply chain audit findings 2010
Physically Demanding Work non-compliance, major
1-10% and minor 11-25%
Global
HP Global Citizenship : Supply chain audit findings 2010
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
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Media
Campaigns
6 MEDIA CAMPAIGNS
ƒ„Ž‡ͳʹ•Š‘™••‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ…ƒ’ƒ‹‰•–Šƒ––ƒ”‰‡–•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘ƒ˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ
•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•Ǥ Š‡ ‡†‹ƒ …ƒ’ƒ‹‰• –ƒ”‰‡– ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‘–•’‘–• ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡† –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡
‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ƒ••‡••‡–ƒ†‹–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡••‡…–‹‘Ǥ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
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6 MEDIA CAMPAIGNS
Table 12: Selection of media campaigns targeting the electronics sector
COMPANY OR
ORGANIZATION
URL
PROGRAM
TITLE
DESCRIPTION
Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition
http://svtc.org/
Protecting workers, community
and the environment.
Multiple campaigns against the
electronics industry. Currently have
a petition against Samsung for poor
working conditions, and more.
Basel Action Network
http://www.ban.org/
index.html
Turn Back the Toxic Tide
Continuous campaigns against
e-waste & dumping in poor countries.
Clean Production Action
http://www.
cleanproduction.org/
Home.php
Green Screen for Safer
Chemicals (many other
campaigns sited as well)
Promoting the use of safer chemicals
in electronics for the environment and
human health.
Center for Health, Environment
and Justice
http://www.
besafenet.com/pvc/
toysrus.htm
CHEJ’s Pass Up the Poison
Plastic Guide
A guide that helps parents pick out
toys and electronics that are safe for
their kids to play with.
Human Rights and Business
Dilemmas Forum
The Global Compact
http://human-rights.
unglobalcompact.org/
dilemmas/migrantworkers/
Migrant Workers
Case studies and dilemmas in
multiple areas of labour with stories
about electronics companies like
Apple.
Somo
http://somo.nl/
publications-en/
Publication_3023
Philips Electronics – Overview of controversial business
practices in 2008
Article on Phillips Electronics labour
rights and working conditions.
Somo
http://bit.ly/y4sFWh
E-waste: how to address the
problem?
E-waste policy Paper proposal for
policy and action
SACOM
http://bit.ly/xoqGog
We Want Non-Sweat, NonToxic, Clean Computers!
Urge brand name electronics
corporations to improve factory level
working conditions. Educate the
public and consumers about the
working conditions in the computer
industry.
CSR Asia
http://bit.ly/xoqGog
Asia facing a wave of e-waste
CSR article by Richard Welford
Business & Human Rights
Resource Centre
http://bit.ly/A3L7i3
Congo mining ban: a first
step towards ending ‘conflict
mineral’ trade?
Author: Global Witness
Dated: 13 Sept. 2010
A coalition of NGOs raising
awareness on working conditions
and environmental pollution in the
production of computers.
Procure IT Fair
http://procureitfair.org/
Campaign for sustainable
purchasing of computers
European project focusing on the
electronics industry, especially on
consumer electronics like mobile
phones, lap-tops and MP3 players.
Make IT Fair
http://makeitfair.org/
http://bit.ly/xuSq6M
‘Shake-up Call’ for students
shakes universities awake
concerning fair computers - 03
January 2011
Students are demanding university
concern for fair computers.
Climate Counts
http://bit.ly/sMKiGj
Score Sector: Electronics
Scorecard on electronics
manufacturers commitment to fighting
global warming
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Initiatives
7 INITIATIVES
‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•
‹
–Š‡
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ
…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ȋȌ
•‡…–‘” …‘–”‹„—–‡ …‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž› –‘ Š‡Ž’
•Šƒ’‡–Š‡•—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›†‡„ƒ–‡ǤŠ‡”‡–Š‡
‡˜‹”‘‡–—•‡†–‘„‡–Š‡ƒ‹…‘…‡”ǡ
‘”‡ƒ†‘”‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•ƒ”‡…‘˜‡”‡†„›
‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǯ•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ƒ†…‘†‡•‘ˆ…‘†—…–Ǥ
”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘• •—…Š ƒ• –Š‡ Ž‘„ƒŽ
‡Ǧ—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›
‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡
ȋ
‡Ȍǡ
•—’’‘”–‡† „› ǡ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› –Š‡ ‡› ƒ”‡ƒ•
™Š‡”‡–Š‡•‡…–‘”…ƒƒ‡–Š‡„‹‰‰‡•–
…‘–”‹„—–‹‘ –‘ •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰
‡› •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• •—…Š ƒ• ˆ”‡‡†‘ ‘ˆ
‡š’”‡••‹‘ǡ Š‡ƒŽ–Šǡ •ƒˆ‡–› ƒ† ™‡ŽŽ„‡‹‰Ǥ
 „‡…‘‹‰ ƒ ‡„‡” –‘ ‡ǡ ϐ‹”•
Šƒ˜‡ –‘ …‘’Ž› ™‹–Š †‡ϐ‹‡† •‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ†
‡…‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ …”‹–‡”‹ƒǡ –ƒ‡ ’ƒ”– ‹ ™‘”‹‰
‰”‘—’•ƒ††”ƒˆ–•–ƒ–‡‡–•ˆ‘”‘’–‹‹œ‹‰
‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ƒ•’‡…–• ‘ˆ •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ Š‡
Ž‡…–”‘‹… †—•–”› ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’ ‘ƒŽ‹–‹‘
ȋȌǡ‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›•‡–—’„›‡ŽŽǡƒ†ǡ
†”ƒˆ–‡† –Š‡ Ž‡…–”‘‹… †—•–”› ‘†‡ ‘ˆ
‘†—…–ǡ ‹–‡†‡† –‘ ‡•—”‡ …‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡
™‹–Š ‹‹— •‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
•–ƒ†ƒ”†• ‹ –Š‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ‘ˆ
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… ’”‘†—…–•Ǥ ˜‡” ͷͲ Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ …‘’ƒ‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ Œ‘‹‡† Ǥ  ‡ ƒ†
ǯ• —’’Ž› Šƒ‹ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ‹†—•–”›
‡ˆˆ‘”–• Šƒ˜‡ …‘•–‹–—–‡† …Šƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡
•—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ •‹…‡ ʹͲͲͶǡ ‘– ‘Ž› –Š”‘—‰Š
–Š‡‹” •–—†‹‡• ƒ† –”ƒ‹‹‰ ’”‘‰”ƒǡ „—–
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
ƒŽ•‘ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ …‘‘
–‘‘Ž• –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ •–ƒ†ƒ”†•ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ ƒ
•‡ŽˆǦƒ••‡••‡– “—‡•–‹‘ƒ‹”‡ Ǧ
ȋŽ‡…–”‘‹…•Ȃ‘‘Žˆ‘”……‘—–ƒ„Ž‡—’’Ž›
Šƒ‹•Ȍ ƒ† •Šƒ”‡† ƒ—†‹–‹‰ ’”‘‰”ƒǤ
Š‡•‡ •–ƒ†ƒ”† ‹†—•–”› ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡•
ƒ”‡ †‡•‹‰‡† –‘ ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡ •—’’Ž‹‡”•
–‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ Žƒ„‘” ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ „› ’”‡•‡–‹‰ ƒ ‹†—•–”›Ǧ
™‹†‡…ƒŽŽ–‘‹’”‘˜‡Ǥ‘–Š‡”‹†—•–”›ǦŽ‡†
‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹•–Š‡—•‹‡••‘…‹ƒŽ‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡
‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ ʹͲͲʹ „› –Š‡
‘”‡‹‰”ƒ†‡••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘ȋȌ‹‘”†‡”–‘
…”‡ƒ–‡ …‘•‹•–‡…› ƒ† Šƒ”‘‹œƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘”
…‘’ƒ‹‡•™ƒ–‹‰–‘‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡‹”•‘…‹ƒŽ
…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡‹–Š‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽ•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹ǤŠ‡
ƒ‹•–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Šƒ…‘‘’Žƒ–ˆ‘”
ˆ‘”–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•—”‘’‡ƒ…‘’ƒ‹‡•‘†‡•
‘ˆ ‘†—…–• ƒ† ‘‹–‘”‹‰ •›•–‡•ǡ ƒ†
‹– ƒŽ•‘ Žƒ›• –Š‡ ‰”‘—†™‘” ˆ‘” ƒ …‘‘
‘‹–‘”‹‰•›•–‡ˆ‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡Ǥ
‘– ƒŽŽ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…• …‘’ƒ‹‡• •‹‰ —’ ˆ‘”
ƒ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ‘‡ •–”‡‰–Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ†
‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ •–ƒ†ƒ”†• ‹ –Š‡ •—’’Ž›
…Šƒ‹ „› ‡ƒ• ‘ˆ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ‹ –Š‡ Ž‘„ƒŽ ‘’ƒ…–ǡ ‘–Š‡”• ‘’‡”ƒ–‡ ‹–‡”ƒŽ
•–ƒ†ƒ”†• ƒ•‹†‡’‡†‡–ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‡•ƒ†
‡˜‡ ‘–Š‡”• ƒ”‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ ƒ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡
ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ ‘’‡”ƒ–‡ –Š‡‹” ‘™ •—’’Ž‡‡–ƒŽ
…‘†‡•‘ˆ…‘†—…–ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡Ǥ
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7 INITIATIVES
Table 13: Initiatives for Social Responsibility in the Electronics Sector
NAME
URL
DESCRIPTION
SOCIAL
ISSUES
COVERED
SUPPLY
CHAIN
PHASES
COUNTRIES
GeSi
www.gesi.org/
Membership
organization leading
industry to improve
standards, including
a self-assessment
questionnaire and
shared auditing
programme.
Freedom of
expression,
privacy and
security, employee
relationships, health,
safety and wellbeing
Whole
supply chain.
Worldwide
Business Social
Compliance Initiative
(BSCI)
www.bsci-eu.org/
Business-driven
platform for the
improvement of social
compliance in the
global supply chain
through its BSCI Code
of Conduct. Those
suppliers who meet
all BSCI requirements
are encouraged to go
further and comply
with our best practice,
the SA8000 social
management system
and certification.
“Freedom of
association and the
right to collective
bargaining,
discrimination,
child labour, legal
minimum and/or
industry standards
wages, working
hours, forced labour,
safety and health,
social accountability,
anti-bribery and anticorruption policy.
Whole
supply chain.
Worldwide
EICC
http://www.eicc.
info
EICC promotes
an industry code
of conduct for
global electronics
supply chains to
improve working
and environmental
conditions.
Five critical areas of
CSR performance:
labor, health and
safety, environment,
management
system, ethics.
Whole
supply chain.
Worldwide
UN Global Compact
www.
unglobalcompact.
org
This is a voluntary
corporate responsibility
initiative that
encourages businesses
to align with ten
universally accepted
principles in the areas
of human rights, labor,
environment and anticorruption.
Worker Health and
Safety, Freedom
of Association
and Collective
Bargaining, Equal
Opportunities/
Discrimination, Child
Labor, Forced Labor,
Delocalization and
Migration, Local
Employment, Secure
Living Conditions
for Communities,
Community
Engagement,
Contribution
to Economic
Development,
Community Health
and Safety
Corporations
in general
Worldwide
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Certifications
& Labeling
8 CERTIFICATIONS & LABELING
 ƒ††‹–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ „—•‹‡••Ǧ–‘Ǧ„—•‹‡••
•–ƒ†ƒ”†•
™‹–Š‘—–
…‘•—‡”Ǧˆƒ…‹‰
Žƒ„‡Ž•ǡ ƒ› …‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘ •–ƒ†ƒ”†• ™‹–Š
‘” ™‹–Š‘—– …‘•—‡”Ǧˆƒ…‹‰ Žƒ„‡Ž• ‡š‹•–Ǥ
Š‡› ƒ”‡ ‘•–Ž› ƒ‹‡† ƒ– ‹’”‘˜‹‰
‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ƒ†•‘‡–‹‡•
ƒŽ•‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”• ƒ”‡ ‹…Ž—†‡†Ǥ Š‡
…‘Žƒ„‡Ž†‡šǡ–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡•–‰Ž‘„ƒŽ†‹”‡…–‘”›
‘ˆ‡…‘Žƒ„‡Ž•ǡ–”ƒ…‹‰͵͹Ͳ‡…‘Žƒ„‡Ž•‹ʹͳͶ
…‘—–”‹‡•ǡƒ†ʹͷ‹†—•–”›•‡…–‘”•’”‘˜‹†‡•
ƒ…Ž‡ƒ”‘˜‡”˜‹‡™‘ˆƒŽŽ‡…‘Žƒ„‡Ž•–Šƒ–‹…Ž—†‡
‹†‡–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‹…Ž—†‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡•
ȋ Š – – ’ ǣ Ȁ Ȁ ™ ™ ™Ǥ ‡ … ‘ Ž ƒ „ ‡ Ž ‹  † ‡ š Ǥ … ‘  Ȁ Ȍ Ǥ
Š‡ Žƒ„‡Ž‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ǡ ƒ ˜‘Ž—–ƒ”›
‡–Š‘† ‘ˆ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡
…‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹•’”ƒ…–‹…‡†ƒ”‘—†–Š‡™‘”Ž†Ǥ
…‘–”ƒ•––‘•›„‘Ž•‘”…Žƒ‹•–ƒ–‡‡–•
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”• ƒ† •‡”˜‹…‡
’”‘˜‹†‡”•ǡ ƒ ‡…‘ǦŽƒ„‡Ž ‹• ƒ™ƒ”†‡† „› ƒ
‹’ƒ”–‹ƒŽ–Š‹”†Ǧ’ƒ”–›‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘…‡”–ƒ‹
’”‘†—…–•‘”•‡”˜‹…‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‹†‡’‡†‡–Ž›
†‡–‡”‹‡† –‘ ‡‡– ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ
ƒ† •‘…‹ƒŽ Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’ …”‹–‡”‹ƒǤ ˜‡”ƒŽŽǡ
…‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘• ‹…Ž—†‹‰ •‘…‹ƒŽ …”‹–‡”‹ƒ ƒ”‡
•–‹ŽŽ”ƒ”‡‹–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•‡…–‘”Ǥ
Table 14: Certifications and Labels available in the Electronics Sector
NAME
URL
DESCRIPTION
SA8000
www.sa-intl.org/
SA8000 Certification
is the global social
accountability standard
for implementation
of international labor
standards, developed
and overseen by
Social Accountability
International (SAI).
SOCIAL
ISSUES
COVERED
SUPPLY
CHAIN
PHASES
COUNTRIES
Child labor, forced
labor, health and
safety, freedom of
association and
collective bargaining,
discrimination,
discipline, working
hours, compensation,
gender
Facility Level
Worldwide
Denmark,
Finland,
Iceland,
Norway,
Sweden
CERTIFICATION
LABELS CONTAINING SOCIAL ISSUES
Nordic Ecolabel
www.nordicecolabel.org/
Nordic Ecolabel or
“Swan” demonstrates
that a product is a
good environmental
choice, based on
the Nordic Ecolabel
Standard.
Worker Health
Conditions, Work
Safety
Commodity
Production
End,
Consumer
Use Mining,
Extraction
Product
Recovery,
Recycling
Trade, Retail
Transportation,
Logistics
TCO Development
www.
tcodevelopment.
com/
TCO Certified is an
international, third party,
voluntary certification
of information and
communication
technologies (ICT
products) that fulfill
strict requirements on
the environment and
usability, based on the
TCO Development
standard.
Labor Relations /
Human Resource
Policies, Worker
Health Conditions,
Work Safety
End,
Worldwide
Consumer
Use, Mining,
Extraction
Processing,
Manufacturing,
Product
Recovery,
Recycling,
Trade, Retail
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Conclusion
9 CONCLUSION
Š‹• ”‡’‘”– ’”‡•‡–• ƒ •‘…‹ƒŽ •…‘’‹‰
ƒ••‡••‡–‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’’”‘†—…–…ƒ–‡‰‘”›
ˆ‘” –Š‡ Ž‡…–”‘‹…• ‡…–‘” ”‘—’Ǥ Š‡
ƒ••‡••‡– ™ƒ• ’”‘†—…‡† ‹ –Š‡ …‘–‡š–
‘ˆ Š‡ —•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‘•‘”–‹—ǯ•
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‡ƒ•—”‡‡–
ƒ† ‡’‘”–‹‰ ›•–‡• ȋȌǤ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
‡–Š‘†• ™‡”‡ —•‡† ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ‘ˆˆ‡” ƒ
˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ•‘…‹ƒŽ
‹’ƒ…–• ˆ‘—† ‹ –Š‡ Žƒ’–‘’ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹Ǥ
Š‡ƒ‹•‘—”…‡‘ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹•Š‡‘…‹ƒŽ
‘–•’‘–• ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ ȋ™™™Ǥ•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–•Ǥ
‘”‰Ȍ …‘’Ž‡‡–‡† „› ƒ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™
ƒ†…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡‘Ǧ…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡ƒ—†‹–”‡•—Ž–•Ǥ
……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‘”‡”‘—”•••‡••‡–ǡ
’‡”ˆ‘”‡†ˆ‘”̈́ͳ‘ˆŽƒ’–‘’•’”‘†—…‡†
‹ Š‹ƒǡ ˆ‘—† –Šƒ– –Š‡ Žƒ”‰‡•– •Šƒ”‡
‘ˆ ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ‹• …‘…‡–”ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‡
’”‘†—…–‹‘ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‘……—””‹‰ ‹ Š‹ƒǤ
Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ™‹–Š Š‹‰Š
–‘ ˜‡”› Š‹‰Š ”‹• ƒ– –Š‡ …‘—–”›ǦŽ‡˜‡Ž ‹
Š‹ƒǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ …Š‹Ž† Žƒ„‘”ǡ ˆ‘”…‡† Žƒ„‘”ǡ
‡š…‡••‹˜‡ ™‘”‹‰ –‹‡ǡ ˆ”ƒ‰‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡
Ž‡‰ƒŽ•›•–‡ǡˆ”‡‡†‘‘ˆƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘”‹‰Š–•ǡ
ƒ†‹†‹‰‡‘—•’”‘–‡…–‹‘•Ǥ
Š‹ƒǯ•ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡‘ˆ…‘’—–‹‰Ƭ‘ˆϐ‹…‡
‡“—‹’‡– •‡…–‘” ‹• ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ‘”‡
–ŠƒͷͲΨ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ™‘”‡”Š‘—”•Ǥ––Š‡
•‡…–‘”Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹… Ž‡˜‡Ž ˆ‘” –Š‹• •‡…–‘”ǡ ™ƒ‰‡•
‘ˆ–‡ †‘ ‘– ‡‡– –Š‡ ’‘˜‡”–› Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ ̈́ʹȀ
†ƒ›•‡–„›–Š‡‘”Ž†ƒ‘”ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡‘Ǧ
’‘˜‡”–› ‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡ •‡– „› –Š‡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
ƒ„‘”‹‰Š–•‘”—ȋ™‡ƒ–ˆ”‡‡Ǥ‘”‰ǡʹͲͳͳȌǤ
Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ „‘–Š …Š‹Ž† ƒ†
ˆ‘”…‡† Žƒ„‘” ™‹–Š‹ –Š‹• ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” •‡…–‘”ǡ
ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ƒ˜‡”›Š‹‰Š”‹•–Šƒ–™‘”‡”•™‹ŽŽ
„‡ˆ‘”…‡†–‘™‘”‘˜‡”ͶͺŠ‘—”•ƒ™‡‡Ǥ
Šƒ’’‡‹‰‹‘—–Šƒ•–•‹ƒǡ‹’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ”
†‘‡•‹ƒǡ ƒŽ•‘ ”ƒ Š‹‰Š ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡
‘…‹ƒŽ ‘–•’‘– †‡šǤ ‡–ƒ‹Ž „—•‹‡••‡•ǡ
„—•‹‡•• •‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ Žƒ† –”ƒ•’‘”– ƒ†
‡Ž‡…–”‹…‹–› ’”‘†—…–‹‘ǡ ’”‡†‘‹ƒ–Ž› ‹
Š‹ƒǡ „—– ƒŽ•‘ ‹ †‹ƒǡ ƒ”‡ ‘Ǧ–”‹˜‹ƒŽ ‹
–‡” ‘ˆ „‘–Š ™‘”‡” Š‘—”• ƒ† ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•Ǥ
Š‡ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ …‘…—”• ™‹–Š –Š‡
ƒ••‡••‡–‘ˆŠ‹ƒǯ••‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–•ǡ™Š‹…Š
”ƒ‰‡•ˆ”‘Š‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†•ƒˆ‡–›–‘‡š…‡••‹˜‡
™‘”‹‰ –‹‡ǡ Ž‘™ ™ƒ‰‡ ”ƒ–‡•ǡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ
‘ˆ …Š‹Ž† Žƒ„‘”ǡ ƒ† †‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†
‹Š—ƒ‡–”‡ƒ–‡–‘ˆ™‘”‡”•Ǥ‡…›…Ž‹‰
ƒ† †‹•’‘•ƒŽ ‘ˆ Žƒ’–‘’• ‹• ‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡† Šƒ•
Šƒ˜‹‰Š‹‰Š•‘…‹ƒŽ‹’ƒ…–•„›–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡
”‡˜‹‡™ƒ†–Š‡‡†‹ƒ…ƒ’ƒ‹‰••—”˜‡›Ǥ
Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ –Š‹• †‘…—‡–
‹†‹…ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• †‘ ‘……—” ‹ –Š‡
Žƒ’–‘’ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹ǡ ƒ† –Šƒ– …‘’ƒ‹‡•
’”‘†—…‹‰ ƒ† ƒ”‡–‹‰ Žƒ’–‘’• •Š‘—Ž†
„‡ ƒ™ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ” …‘—–”‹‡• ƒ†
•‡…–‘”• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› ˆ‘” •‘…‹ƒŽ
‹’”‘˜‡‡–• ‡š‹•–•Ǥ ‘•‡“—‡–Ž›ǡ ‹– ‹•
”‡…‘‡†‡† –Šƒ– –Š‹• ƒ••‡••‡– „‡
ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† „› ƒ •–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡” ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡
ϐ‹†‹‰• ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ˜ƒŽ‹†ƒ–‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ†
‘˜‡–Š‡†‹•…—••‹‘–‘™ƒ”†•‹†‡–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘
‘ˆ ‹’”‘˜‡‡– ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ƒ†
—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ †‹…ƒ–‘”•Ǥ
Šƒ– ƒ”‡ –Š‡ ƒ…–‹‘• –Šƒ– …ƒ „‡ ’—–
ˆ‘”™ƒ”† –‘ ”‡†—…‡ –Š‡ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ
‹’ƒ…–•‘ˆŽƒ’–‘’’”‘†—…–‹‘ƒ†™Šƒ–ƒ”‡
–Š‡„‡•–‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•–‘…ƒ’–—”‡–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ǫ
 –Š‡ ‘…‹ƒŽ ‘–•’‘– ••‡••‡–ǡ ‹‹‰
ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡• ‹ ˆ”‹…ƒ ƒ† †‹ƒ ƒ’’‡ƒ” –‘ „‡
˜‡”›•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹–‡”•‘ˆ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ•‘…‹ƒŽ
‹••—‡•Ǥ –Š‡” ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•
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‹†α͸ʹ
’’Ž‡ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ’’Ž‡—’’Ž‹‡”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›ʹͲͳͳ”‘‰”‡••‡’‘”–Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ‹ƒ‰‡•Ǥƒ’’Ž‡Ǥ…‘Ȁ•—’’Ž‹‡””‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›Ȁ’†ˆȀ’’Ž‡̴̴ʹͲͳͳ̴
”‘‰”‡••̴‡’‘”–Ǥ’†ˆ
ƒ•‡Ž…–‹‘‡–™‘”ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌ—”ƒ…Š‡‘š‹…‹†‡Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ‹†‡šǤŠ–Ž
‹•…‘šǡ…Š™ƒ”–œǡ‘ˆˆ‡Žǡȋƒ›ʹͲǡʹͲͲͺȌǤ˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰–Š‡’ƒ…–
‘ˆͺͲͲͲ‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŠ„•Ǥ‡†—Ȁ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠȀ’†ˆȀͲͺǦͲͻ͹Ǥ
’†ˆ
ǤȋʹͲͲͶȌǤ”‘…‡••‘”ƒ„”‹…ƒ–‹‘ǣ‘™ƒ‹•—‹Ž–ǤȋʹͲͲͶǦͳͳǦ
ͲʹȌ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•—†Š‹ƒǤ…‘Ȁ…‘–‡–Ȁǫ’αͳ͵͹ʹ
‡‘‹–ǡƒ–Š‡”‹‡ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–•ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡Ǥ™™™Ǥ•‘…‹ƒŽŠ‘–•’‘–Ǥ
‘”‰
Ž‘„ƒŽ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’”‡’‘”–ǡȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŠ’Ǥ…‘ȀŠ’‹ˆ‘Ȁ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ…‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’Ȁ’†ˆȀˆ›Ͳͻ̴ˆ—ŽŽ”‡’‘”–Ǥ’†ˆ
ǡȋƒ›ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‡”ƒŽ•ƒ†–Š‡‡‘…”ƒ–‹…‡’—„Ž‹…‘ˆ
‘‰‘ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„•”Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ”‡’‘”–•Ȁ̴‘ϐŽ‹…–̴‹‡”ƒŽ•̴ƒ†̴–Š‡̴
Ǥ’†ˆ
Ž‘„ƒŽ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’Ǥ—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹ƒ—†‹–ϐ‹†‹‰•ǤȋʹͲͳͲȌ
—•‹‡••‘…‹ƒŽ‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȋȌǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ
™™™Ǥ„•…‹Ǧ‡—Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ
Ž‹ƒ–‡‘—–•ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ…‘”‡‡…–‘”ǣŽ‡…–”‘‹…•Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…Ž‹ƒ–‡…‘—–•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ•…‘”‡…ƒ”†̴•‡…–‘”•Ǥ’Š’ǫ‹†αͳ͵
›’”‡••†—•–”‹‡•ǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ”‡‹‰Š–Ȁ‘‰‹•–‹…•Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…›’”‡••‹†—•–”‹‡•Ǥ…‘Ȁˆƒ“̴ˆ”‡‹‰Š–ǤŠ–Ž
‡ŽŽǤȋʹͲͳͲȌ‡ƒ•‘•–‘‡…›…Ž‡‹–Š‡ŽŽȂ‹˜‡”‡‡’–‹‘•Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ…‘–‡–Ǥ†‡ŽŽǤ…‘Ȁ—•Ȁ‡Ȁ…‘”’Ȁ†Ȁ…‘”’Ǧ…‘Ȁ”‡ƒ•‘•Ǧ–‘Ǧ”‡…›…Ž‡Ǥ
ƒ•’š
‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆ‡”‰›ǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤǤǤ‡”‰›ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘
…‘Žƒ„‡Ž†‡šǤȋʹͲͳͳȌ
Š––’ǣȀȀ‡…‘Žƒ„‡Ž‹†‡šǤ…‘Ȁ
Ž‡…–”‘‹…†—•–”›‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’‘ƒŽ‹–‹‘ȋȌǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡‹……Ǥ‹ˆ‘
Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ƒ‡ƒ…‘ƒŽ‹–‹‘Ǥ……‡••‡†ǣʹͲͳͳǡ‡„Ǥͳ͹–ŠǤ–ƒ–‡
‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•–ƒ‡„ƒ…Ǥ…‘Ȁ’”‘‘–‡Ǧ‰‘‘†ǦŽƒ™•Ȁ
•–ƒ–‡ǦŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘Ȁ
ǤʹͲͳͲǡ‡…Ǥʹ†Ǥ‡›…Ž‹‰ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡’ƒǤ‰‘˜Ȁ‘•™Ȁ…‘•‡”˜‡Ȁ
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•Ȁ‡…›…Ž‹‰Ȁ̴͓ˆ–”‡ˆͳ
”ƒœ‡ǡ‹”‘–Šǡ
”‡‡‡Ž–ƒȋ‘˜‡„‡”ǡͶǡʹͲͳͲȌǡ‘…‹ƒŽ‘ˆƒ
…‘Žƒ„‡Ž†ƒ’–‘’ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰”‡‡†‡Ž–ƒ–…Ǥ…‘Ȁ—’Ž‘ƒ†•Ȁ‡†‹ƒȀǦ
̴ƒ’–‘’Ǥ’†ˆ
”‘•–ǡ–‡’Š‡ǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ
”‡‡‡‰‹•–”›ˆ‘”Ž‡…–”‘‹…•
‘‡•
–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǤȋʹͲͲͻǦͳͲǦͳͳȌǤ•‹ƒǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…•”Ǧƒ•‹ƒǤ…‘Ȁ
‹†‡šǤ’Š’ǫ‹†αͳ͵͵ͺͻ
‡”‡ˆϐ‹ǡ
ƒ”›ǡ‘Š—’Š”‡›ǡ‹‘–Š›–—”‰‡‘ǤŠ‡‰‘˜‡”ƒ…‡‘ˆ
‰Ž‘„ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡…Šƒ‹•Ǥ‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ…‘‘›ͳʹǣͳ
‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͲͷǣ͹ͺȂͳͲͶ
Ž‘„ƒŽ‡Ǧ—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȋ
‡ȌǤȋʹͲͳͳȌ
‡Ȃ—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›
Š”‘—‰Š‘˜ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
™™™Ǥ‰‡•‹Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ
ǡȋ—‡ǡʹͲǡʹͲͲͺȌǤ‘…‹ƒŽƒ†˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›‹
‡–ƒŽ•—’’Ž›–‘–Š‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…†—•–”›Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰‡•‹Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‹Ž‹…Ǥƒ•’šǫϐ‹Ž‡–‹…‡–აŽ—ƒ—ͺΨ͵Ƭ–
ƒ„‹†α͸Ͳ
ǡȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ
Ž‘„ƒŽ‡Ǧ—•–ƒ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƬŽ‡…–”‘‹…†—•–”›
‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’‘ƒŽ‹–‹‘Ǥ–‡˜‡Ǥ‘—‰‘•—Ž–‹‰‹‹–‡†Ǥ–ƒ”‹‘ǡ
ƒƒ†ƒǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ
”‡‡Š‘—•‡
ƒ•‡ƒ•—”‡‡–Ǥ…‘
Ž‘„ƒŽ‹–‡••ǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ‘‰‘‹‹‰ƒǣ‹”•––‡’‘™ƒ”†•†‹‰
Ǯ‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‡”ƒŽǯ”ƒ†‡ǫȋʹͲͳͲǦͲͻǦͳ͵ȌǤ—•‹‡••Ƭ—ƒ‹‰Š–•
‡•‘—”…‡‡–”‡Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„—•‹‡••ǦŠ—ƒ”‹‰Š–•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‡ƒ”…ŠȀ‡ƒ”…Š‡•—Ž–•ǫ‡ƒ”…Šƒ
„Ž‡‡š–ᐉ‘Ϊ‹‹‰Ϊƒ
‘‘†Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌ
‘‘†Ž‡…–”‘‹…•‡™•Ž‡––‡”Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ‰‘‘†‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‡™•Ǧ‡
‘˜‡”‡–……‘—–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ˆϐ‹…‡ǤʹͲͳͲǡ—Ž›ǤŽ‡…–”‘‹…ƒ•–‡ǣ
‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘””‘‘–‹‰˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽŽ›‘—†‡—•‡ƒ†
‡…›…Ž‹‰Ǥ
”‡‡’‡ƒ…‡ǤʹͲͲͷǤŠ‡”‡‘‡•Ǧƒ•–‡
‘ǫǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰”‡‡’‡ƒ…‡Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ—•ƒȀ‡Ȁ…ƒ’ƒ‹‰•Ȁ–‘š‹…•ȀŠ‹Ǧ–‡…ŠǦŠ‹‰ŠŽ›Ǧ
–‘š‹…Ȁ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡Ǧ‰‘‡•Ȁ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
Ž‘„ƒŽ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’‡„•‹–‡ǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ—’’Ž›Šƒ‹‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŠ’Ǥ…‘ȀŠ’‹ˆ‘Ȁ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ…‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’Ȁ•‘…‹‡–›Ȁ•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹Ȁ
‹†‡šǤŠ–Ž
—ƒ‹‰Š–•ƒ†—•‹‡••‹Ž‡ƒ•‘”—ǡŠ‡
Ž‘„ƒŽ‘’ƒ…–Ǥ
ȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ‹‰”ƒ–‘”‡”•Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀŠ—ƒǦ”‹‰Š–•Ǥ—‰Ž‘„ƒŽ…‘’ƒ…–Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ†‹Ž‡ƒ•Ȁ‹‰”ƒ–Ǧ
™‘”‡”•Ȁ
›‹šǡ”‘†—…–‘’—–‹‰‡‘”›ȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŠ›‹šǤ…‘Ȁ‰ŽȀ’”‘†—…–•Ȁ…‘’—–‹‰Ǥ
Œ•’ǫ‡—‘αͳƬαͳƬ•αͲ
ǤȋʹͲͲͻȌ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›‡’‘”–Ǥ—’’Ž›Šƒ‹Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹„Ǥ…‘Ȁ‹„Ȁ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›Ȁ”‡’‘”–ȀʹͲͲͻȀ•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹Ǥ
•Š–Ž
–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ„‘””‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹Ž‘Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‰Ž‘„ƒŽȀŽƒ‰ǦǦ‡Ȁ‹†‡šǤŠ–
ƒ‡ƒ‹”ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤŠƒ‡Ǧ—’ƒŽŽǯˆ‘”•–—†‡–••Šƒ‡•—‹˜‡”•‹–‹‡•
ƒ™ƒ‡…‘…‡”‹‰ˆƒ‹”…‘’—–‡”•ǤȋʹͲͳͳǦͲͳǦͲ͵Ȍ
Š––’ǣȀȀƒ‡‹–ˆƒ‹”Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ
Š––’ǣȀȀƒ‡‹–ˆƒ‹”Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ–Š‡Ǧˆƒ…–•Ȁ‡™•ȀʹͲͳͺ•Šƒ‡Ǧ—’Ǧ…ƒŽŽʹͲͳͻǦˆ‘”Ǧ
•–—†‡–•Ǧ•Šƒ‡•Ǧ—‹˜‡”•‹–‹‡•Ǧƒ™ƒ‡Ǧ…‘…‡”‹‰Ǧˆƒ‹”Ǧ…‘’—–‡”•
ƒŠƒ”–ǡ
”‹‡ȾŠƒ‡”ǡ៬‘Ǧ•–‹–—–‡ǤǤȋ‘˜‡„‡”ǡʹͲͲ͸Ȍǡ‘…‹ƒŽ
‹’ƒ…–•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘†—…–‹‘‘ˆ‘–‡„‘‘•ǡ”‡‹„—”‰Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ’”‘•ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁϐ‹Ž‡ƒ†‹Ȁ—•‡”̴—’Ž‘ƒ†Ȁ’†ˆȀ‘–‡„‘‘•—”˜‡›̴
ϐ‹ƒŽ̴‡‰ŽǤ’†ˆ
‡‹’œ‹‰‡”ǡ‡–ƒŽǤȋƒ›ǡʹͲͲͻȌǤͺͲͲͲǣŠ‡‹”•–‡…ƒ†‡ǡ
’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡϐŽ—‡…‡ǡƒ†’ƒ…–ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰”‡‡Ž‡ƒˆǦ
’—„Ž‹•Š‹‰Ǥ…‘Ȁ…‘–‡–Ȁ’†ˆ•Ȁ•ƒͺͲͲͲ‹–”Ǥ’†ˆ
—‡ŽŽ‡”ǡ…ŠŽ—‡’ǡ‹†‡”ǡ
‘––•…ŠƒŽǡڐ‹ǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ
••‡••‡–‘ˆ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ϐŽ‘™•ǣƒ’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹•–‹…ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š–‘“—ƒ–‹ˆ›
‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡„ƒ•‡†‘™‘”Ž†ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ
‡™ƒ•–‡‰—‹†‡Ǥ‹ˆ‘Ȁϐ‹Ž‡•Ȁ—‡ŽŽ‡”̴ʹͲͲͻ̴ͲͻǤ’†ˆ
‘”†‹……‘Žƒ„‡ŽǤ™™™Ǥ‘”†‹…Ǧ‡…‘Žƒ„‡ŽǤ‘”‰Ȁ
ƒŒ‹˜ƒǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”•‘ˆ‘’—–‡”ƒ”–•Ǥ
™™™Ǥ’ƒŒ‹˜ƒǤ…‘
ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆƒ‹…”‘’”‘…‡••‘”Ǥƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ǡ
ʹͲͲ͹ǦͲ͵ǦͳͶǤ
ǡȋʹͲͲͺȌǤ‘™‘–Š‡”„‘ƒ”†•”‡ƒ†‡ǣ
‹‰ƒ„›–‡ƒ…–‘”›
‘—”ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ’…•–ƒ–•Ǥ…‘Ȁƒ”–‹…Ž‡˜‹‡™Ǥ…ˆǫƒ”–‹…Ž‡‹†αͳ͹ʹʹƬ’ƒ‰‡αͳ
”ƒƒ•ŠǡƒŠƒ”–ǡȋ—‰—•–ʹͲͳͲȌǤ‘…‹‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹…ƒ••‡••‡–ƒ†
ˆ‡ƒ•‹„‹Ž‹–›•–—†›‘•—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–‹
ŠƒƒǤ‘
•–‹–—–Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‘‡‘Ǥ†‡Ȁ‘‡‘†‘…ȀͳͲͷ͹ȀʹͲͳͲǦͳͲͷǦ‡Ǥ’†ˆ
”‘…—”‡ƒ‹”ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌƒ’ƒ‹‰ˆ‘”•—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡’—”…Šƒ•‹‰‘ˆ
…‘’—–‡”•Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ’”‘…—”‡‹–ˆƒ‹”Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ
‘•‡ǡ‘ǤǤǤ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ƒ”‰‡–•‹‡”ƒŽ•‹‘‰‘”‹•‹•ǤŠ‡
ƒ•Š‹‰–‘‹’Ž‘ƒ–Ǥ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ™ƒ•Š†‹’Ž‘ƒ–Ǥ
…‘Ȁ‘˜‡„‡”ΨʹͲʹͲͳͲȀƒͶ̴ͳͳ̴ͳͲǤŠ–Ž
‘••‹ǡ‡‹‡ǡȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍ
”‡‡…”‡‡ˆ‘”ƒˆ‡”Š‡‹…ƒŽ•ǤŽ‡ƒ
”‘†—…–‹‘…–‹‘Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…Ž‡ƒ’”‘†—…–‹‘Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‘‡Ǥ’Š’
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…Ž‡ƒ’”‘†—…–‹‘Ǥ‘”‰ȀŽ‹„”ƒ”›Ȁ
”‡‡̴…”‡‡̴‡’‘”–Ǥ’†ˆ
ǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ‡ƒ–‘Ǧ™‡ƒ–ǡ‘Ǧ‘š‹…ǡŽ‡ƒ‘’—–‡”•Ǩ
Š––’ǣȀȀ•ƒ…‘ǤŠȀ…ƒ–‡‰‘”›Ȁ…ƒ’ƒ‹‰•Ȁ…‘’—–‡”
SOCIAL SCOPING REPORT | LAPTOP COMPUTER
48
REFERENCES
ƒ•—‰ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•ƒ•—‰Ǥ…‘Ȁ—•Ȁ
‘…‹ƒŽ……‘—–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽȋȌǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤͺͲͲͲǤ™™™Ǥ•ƒǦ‹–ŽǤ
‘”‰Ȁ
…Š‹’’‡”ǡȋ‡’–‡„‡”ǡʹͲͲͶȌǤ—”‘’‡ǣƒ”‡’‘”–‘’‘Ž‹…›ƒ†
ͺͲͲͲǤǡ‘…‹ƒŽ‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘—•‹‰ͺͲͲͲǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…„…•†Ǥ
‘”‰Ǥ…Ȁ•—•’”‘Œ‡…–Ȁ“›…šˆœ„‰œŠȀ„‰•Ȁ†‘™Ž‘ƒ†ȀƒͺͲͲͲǤ’†ˆ
–‘‡†™ƒ”†ǡǤǡȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ‹“—‹†”›•–ƒŽ‹•’Žƒ›ȋȌǡ‘™’”‘†—…–•
ƒ”‡ƒ†‡ǡ‘Ž—‡ͳǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƒ†‡Š‘™Ǥ…‘Ȁ‘Ž—‡ǦͳȀ‹“—‹†Ǧ
”›•–ƒŽǦ‹•’Žƒ›ǦǤŠ–Ž
—ŽŽ‹˜ƒǡƒ˜‹†Ǥ‘‰‘ǯ•‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‡”ƒŽ•ǣǤǤ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†’ƒ…–•
‘–Š‡
”‘—†Ǥ‘”‡‹‰‘Ž‹…›‹‰‡•–Ǥȋ…–‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲȌǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ
ˆ‘”‡‹‰’‘Ž‹…›†‹‰‡•–Ǥ‘”‰Ȁˆ”‹…ƒȀ…–‘„‡”ǦʹͲͳͲȀ…‘‰‘•Ǧ…‘ϐŽ‹…–Ǧ
‹‡”ƒŽ•Ǧ—•ǦŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘Ǧƒ†Ǧ‹’ƒ…–•Ǧ‘Ǧ–Š‡Ǧ‰”‘—†ǤŠ–Ž
‡’‡†ƒǡǡ…ŠŽ—‡’ǡ‡ƒ—†
ǡ–”‡‹…Š‡”ǡ—‡Š”ǡƒ‰‡Žò‡
ǡ
‡”‡…‡ǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ”‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽˆƒ–‡ƒ†‡ˆˆ‡…–•
‘ˆŠƒœƒ”†‘—••—„•–ƒ…‡•”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ˆ”‘‡Ž‡…–”‹…ƒŽƒ†‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…
‡“—‹’‡–•†—”‹‰”‡…›…Ž‹‰ǣšƒ’Ž‡•ˆ”‘Š‹ƒƒ††‹ƒǤ
˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ’ƒ…–••‡••‡–‡˜‹‡™Ǥ͵ͲȋͳȌǣʹͺȂͶͳǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ‡™ƒ•–‡‰—‹†‡Ǥ‹ˆ‘Ȁϐ‹Ž‡•Ȁ‡’—Ž˜‡†ƒ̴ʹͲͳͲ̴̴Ͳ̴ͲǤ’†ˆ
‡”–‹ϐ‹‡†ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ™™™Ǥ–…‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ…‘Ȁ
…Šƒ†‡ǡ‹‡ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ‡–‡”ˆ‘”‡ƒŽ–Šǡ˜‹”‘‡–ƒ†—•–‹…‡
ȋȌǤ‘š‹…‘›•”—•Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„‡•ƒˆ‡‡–Ǥ…‘Ȁ’˜…Ȁ–‘›•”—•ǤŠ–
Ž‘„ƒŽ‘’ƒ…–ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ™™™Ǥ—‰Ž‘„ƒŽ…‘’ƒ…–Ǥ‘”‰
…ŠŽ—‡’ǡǡƒ‰‡Žò‡ǡòŠ”ǡƒ‰ƒŽ‹‹ǡƒ—”‡”ǡ‡•‡”•ǡ
òŽŽ‡”ǡƒ‰ǡȋʹͲͲͻȌǤ‡…›…Ž‹‰Ȃˆ”‘‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡–‘”‡•‘—”…‡•ǡ‘Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ—‡’Ǥ‘”‰ȀȀ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡•ȀǦƒ•–‡̴’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘̴
•…”‡‡̴Ǧ•ŽǤ’†ˆ
…Š‹–ǡ—Ž‹‡ǤʹͲͳͲǡ’”‹Žͳ͸–ŠǤ‡™”‘‰”ƒƒ‡•—”‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡
‹•‡…›…Ž‡†‹‰Š–Ǥ‘†ƒ›ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ—•ƒ–‘†ƒ›Ǥ…‘Ȁ–‡…ŠȀ
‡™•ȀʹͲͳͲǦͲͶǦͳͷǦ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…Ǧ™ƒ•–‡̴ǤŠ–
‹Ž‹…‘ƒŽŽ‡›‘š‹…•‘ƒŽ‹–‹‘ǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤŽ‡…–”‘‹…ƒ•–‡Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ•˜–…Ǥ‘”‰
‘‘ǤȋʹͲͲͻȌǤǦ™ƒ•–‡ǣŠ‘™–‘ƒ††”‡••–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡ǫȋʹͲͲͻǦͳʹǦͳ͹Ȍ
Š––’ǣȀȀ•‘‘ǤŽȀ‡™•Ǧ‡Ȁ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ǦŠ‘™Ǧ–‘Ǧƒ††”‡••Ǧ–Š‡Ǧ
’”‘„Ž‡Ȁǫ•‡ƒ”…Š–‡”α‡†‹ƒ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•
‘‘ǤȋʹͲͲͺȌǤŠ‹Ž‹’•Ž‡…–”‘‹…•Ȃ˜‡”˜‹‡™‘ˆ…‘–”‘˜‡”•‹ƒŽ„—•‹‡••
’”ƒ…–‹…‡•‹ʹͲͲͺ
Š––’ǣȀȀ•‘‘ǤŽȀ’—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•Ǧ‡Ȁ—„Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘̴͵Ͳʹ͵
‘—”…‡ƒ’ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ›’‹…ƒŽƒ’–‘’…‘’—–‡”ƒ†‡‹Š‹ƒǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•‘—”…‡ƒ’Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ
™‡‡›ǡȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤŠƒ–ǯ•‹•‹†‡›‘—”Žƒ’–‘’ǫƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ǡʹͲͲ͹ǦͲ͵Ǧ
ͳͶǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ’…ƒ‰Ǥ…‘Ȁƒ”–‹…Ž‡ʹȀͲǡʹͺͳ͹ǡʹͳͲʹͺͺͻǡͲͲǤƒ•’
Š––’ǣȀȀ†›ŽƒǤ–™‡‡›Ǥ…‘Ȁ™”‹–‹‰Ǥ’Š’ǫ†‹•’Žƒ›αͶͺ͵ǡ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽŽ›
’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹ƒ‰ƒœ‹‡ǡʹͲͲ͹ǦͲ͵ǦͳͶ
ǤȋʹͲͳͲǡ‡„Ǥʹʹ†ȌǤ”‰‡–‡‡†–‘”‡’ƒ”‡‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰‘—–”‹‡•
ˆ‘”—”‰‡‹Ǧƒ•–‡•ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ—‡’Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‘…—‡–•Ǥ—Ž–‹Ž‹‰—ƒŽȀ
‡ˆƒ—Ž–Ǥƒ•’ǫ‘…—‡–α͸ͳʹƬ”–‹…Ž‡α͸Ͷ͹ͳ
ǤǤ‡”‰›ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǤȋʹͲͳͳȌǤ‘’‡š’‘”–‡”•‘ˆ‘‹ŽǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡‹ƒǤ†‘‡Ǥ‰‘˜Ȁ…‘—–”›Ȁ‹†‡šǤ…ˆ
‡Žˆ‘”†ǡ‹…Šƒ”†ǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤ•‹ƒƒ…‹‰ƒƒ˜‡‘ˆ‡Ǧƒ•–‡Ǥ•‹ƒǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…•”Ǧƒ•‹ƒǤ…‘Ȁ‹†‡šǤ’Š’ǫ‹†αͳ͵ͷͲ͵
‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘ƒŽǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ‘ƒŽ
‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‹–Š‹—Ǧ‹‘ƒ––‡”›ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ
‹–Š‹—Ǧ‹‘̴„ƒ––‡”›
‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤƒ†‘……‡••‡‘”›ǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥ™‹‹’‡†‹ƒǤ‘”‰Ȁ™‹‹Ȁ
ƒ†‘Ǧƒ……‡••̴‡‘”›
‘”Ž†–‡‡Ž••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‘’‡š’‘”–‡”•Ǥ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ™‘”Ž†•–‡‡ŽǤ‘”‰Ȁ’‹…–—”‡•Ȁ‡™•ϐ‹Ž‡•ȀʹͲͲͻΨʹͲ‰”ƒ’Š•ΨʹͲ
ƒ†ΨʹͲϐ‹‰—”‡•Ǥ’†
–‡ƒ”•ǡƒ•‘ǤŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘‘‘‰‘ǯ•Ǯ…‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‡”ƒŽ•ǡǯ‡š’Žƒ‹‡†Ǥ
Š”‹•–‹ƒ…‹‡…‡‘‹–‘”Ǥȋ‘˜‡„‡”ͳͷǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ
Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…•‘‹–‘”Ǥ…‘Ȁ‘”Ž†Ȁˆ”‹…ƒȀˆ”‹…ƒǦ‘‹–‘”ȀʹͲͳͲȀͳͳͳͷȀ
ǦŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘Ǧ‘Ǧ‘‰‘Ǧ•Ǧ…‘ϐŽ‹…–Ǧ‹‡”ƒŽ•Ǧ‡š’Žƒ‹‡†
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ANNEX I.
DETAILS ON THE SOCIAL HOTSPOTS DATABASE
Š‡‘…‹ƒŽ‘–•’‘–ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ȋȌ‹•…‘’”‹•‡†‘ˆͳͷ‘…‹ƒŽŠ‡‡•ƒ†Ͷ‘…‹ƒŽƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰ƒ„‘”
‹‰Š–• ƒ† ‡…‡– ‘”ǡ ‘˜‡”ƒ…‡ǡ —ƒ ‹‰Š–•ǡ ƒ† ‘—‹–› ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡‡• ƒ”‡ ƒ””ƒ‰‡†
‹–‘–ƒ„Ž‡•–Šƒ–”‡’‘”–‘–Š‡’”‡•‡…‡ƒ†Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•ȋƒ„Ž‡ȌǤ‹–Š‹–Š‡‘…‹ƒŽ–Š‡‡•–Š‡”‡‹•‘ˆ–‡
†ƒ–ƒ‘‘”‡–Šƒ‘‡‹••—‡‘”‹†‹…ƒ–‘”Ǣ‹ˆƒ…–ǡ‹–Š‡ͳͷ–Š‡‡•ǡƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž›ͷͲ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•ƒ”‡ƒ••‡••‡†Ǥ
•‘‡…ƒ•‡•ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•†ƒ–ƒˆ‘”–Š‡…‘—–”›Ž‡˜‡Žǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ••‡…–‘”Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹…Ž‡˜‡ŽǤŠ‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•ƒ”‡—•‡†ȋƒŽ‘‰™‹–Š
“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹•‘‡…ƒ•‡•Ȍ–‘…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡”‹•‘”‘’’‘”–—‹–›ˆ‘”͵ͺ•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•ȋʹͺƒ–…‘—–”›Ž‡˜‡Ž
‘Ž›ƒ†ͳͲƒ––Š‡•‡…–‘”Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹…Ž‡˜‡ŽȌǤŠ‡•‘—”…‡•—•‡†–‘…‘’‹Ž‡–Š‹•†ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥˆ‘”
‡ƒ…Š‘ˆ–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ–Š‡‡•Ǥ
‡…–‘”Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹… †ƒ–ƒ ‹• ’”‡ˆ‡””‡†ǡ ƒ• ‹– ‹• ‘”‡ ”‡ϐ‹‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘”‡” ‘—” ƒ† —’’Ž› Šƒ‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ
‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‘–ƒŽŽ–Š‡‡•Šƒ˜‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹†‹…ƒ–‘”†ƒ–ƒˆ‘”‡˜‡”›…‘—–”›ǡƒ†…‡”–ƒ‹Ž›‘–ˆ‘”‡˜‡”›•‡…–‘”ǤŠ‡
‹•ǡ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡƒ‡–ƒǦƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡„‡•–‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥ…ƒ•‡•™Š‡”‡–Š‡”‡‹•‘†ƒ–ƒƒ––Š‡•‡…–‘”Ǧ
•’‡…‹ϐ‹… Ž‡˜‡Ž –Š‡ …‘—–”› Ž‡˜‡Ž ”‡•—Ž– ‹• —•‡† –‘ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œ‡ ”‹• ˆ‘” ƒŽŽ •‡…–‘”•Ǥ • ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹’ƒ…–•
…‘–‹—‡•–‘ƒ†˜ƒ…‡ǡƒ†‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰‡ˆˆ‘”–•‹…”‡ƒ•‡ǡ‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡…‘‡’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡
•…‘’‡ƒ†˜ƒŽ‹†‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡Ǥ
•—’’Ž‡‡–ƒ”› •’”‡ƒ†•Š‡‡– –‘ –Š‹• †‘…—‡– •Š‘™• –Š‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‘” †ƒ–ƒ ƒ† …‘””‡•’‘†‹‰ ”‹•Ȁ‘’’‘”–—‹–›
…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œƒ–‹‘ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ Ž‘™ǡ ‡†‹—ǡ Š‹‰Šǡ ˜‡”› Š‹‰ŠȌ ˆ‘” –Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ƒˆˆ‡…–‹‰ •‡Ž‡…–‡† …‘—–”›Ǧ•’‡…‹ϐ‹…
•‡…–‘”•ȋȌ‹–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹Ǥ™‡”‡…Š‘•‡„ƒ•‡†‘ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡”‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹ƒ†‘
–Š‡Š‹‰Š‡•–•Šƒ”‡‘ˆ™‘”‡”Š‘—”•‹–Š‡•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹Ǥ‘”‡†‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘–Š‡‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰›—•‡†–‘†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡
‘•–ƒ–Ǧ”‹•„ƒ•‡†‘ƒ‘–•’‘–†‡š…ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†™‹–Š‹–Š‡”‡’‘”–‹‡…–‹‘͵Ǥ
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ANNEX I.
Table A. Social Issues Represented in the Social Hotspot Database (Continues on page 51)
CATEGORY
TABLE THEME
Labor Laws/
Conventions
DATA INDICATOR
Number of labor laws
Potential of country not passing
labor laws
Number of labor laws by sector
Potential of country not passing
labor laws by sector
Number of labor conventions
ratified (out of 81 possible)
Potential of country not adopting
labor conventions
Number of labor conventions
ratified by sector
Potential of country not adopting
labor conventions by sector
Year of last minimum wage
update
Potential of minimum wage not
being updated
Minimum wages (USD)
Average unskilled wages (USD)
in country
Non-poverty guidelines (USD)
Wage
Assessment
Average unskilled wages (USD)
by sector
Population Living
in Poverty
Child Labor
Forced Labor
Excessive
Working Time
Freedom
of Association,
Collective
Bargaining,
Right to Strike
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
Average unskilled wages (USD)
in country
Non-poverty guidelines (USD)
Labor Rights
and Decent Work
CHARACTERIZED ISSUE
Potential of country average
wage being < minimum wage
Potential of country average
wage being < non-poverty
guidelines
Potential of sector average wage
being < non-poverty guideline
Percent of population living on
< $2/day
Risk of population living on
< $2/day
Child labor % in country
Risk of child labor in country
Child labor % by sector
Risk of child labor by sector
Qualitative
Risk of forced labor in country
Qualitative
Risk of forced labor by sector
Percent working > 48 hours/
week in country
Risk of population working
>48 hours/week in country
Qualitative
Risk of population working
>48 hours/week by sector
Qualitative
Risk of not having Freedom of
Association Rights
Qualitative
Risk of not having Collective
Bargaining Rights
Qualitative
Risk of not having the Right
to Strike
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ANNEX I.
Table A. Social Issues Represented in the Social Hotspot Database (Continues on page 52)
CATEGORY
TABLE THEME
DATA INDICATOR
CHARACTERIZED ISSUE
World Bank Worldwide
Governance Indicator-Rule of Law
Bertelsmann Transformational
Index - Rule of Law,
independent judiciary
Governance
Legal
System
CIRI Human Rights Index Independent Judiciary
Global Integrity Index Judicial Accountability
Overall weakness of
Legal System
Global Integrity Index Rule of Law
Global Integrity Index Law Enforcement
World Justice Project Average
Human
Rights
Presence of indigenous
population, X
Not characterized
Indigenous Population, %
Amount of indigenous population
ILO Convention adopted for
Indigenous, Y or N
Indigenous
Rights
UN Declaration for Indigenous,
endorsed (U), abstained (A),
against (N)
Risk of country not adopting
Indigenous ILO convention and
UN Declaration
Number of Laws enacted to
protect indigenous
Risk of country not passing
lLaws to protect indigenous
Qualitative
Potential for Indigenous Rights
Infringements by Sector
Social Institutions and
Gender Index
Global Gender Gap
World Bank Gender
Development Indicator
Gender
Equality
Overall weakness of
Gender Equity
World Bank Gender
Empowerment Index
CIRI Human Rights Index Economic
CIRI Human Rights Index Political
CIRI Human Rights Index Social
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ANNEX I.
Table A. Social Issues Represented in the Social Hotspot Database (Continues on page 53)
CATEGORY
TABLE THEME
Gender
Equality
DATA INDICATOR
CHARACTERIZED ISSUE
Adolescent fertility rate (births
per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
Not characterized
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
Not characterized
Share of women employed in the
nonagricultural sector (% of total
nonagricultural employment)
Not characterized
% Unemployed, (% of female
labor force unemployed per % of
male labor for unemployed)
Not characterized
% of women workers vs. men
by sector
Risk of Gender inequity
by Sector
Heidelberg Conflict Barometer # of conflicts
Heidelberg Conflict Barometer maximum intensity of conflicts (1-5)
Heidelberg Conflict Barometer
- change in conflicts
(positive=worsening)
Human
Rights
Number of Refugees - UN Refugee
Agency (000’s)
Potential for High Conflict
Center for Systemic Peace Indicator
Center for Systemic Peace Indicator
High Conflict
Zones
Minority Rights Group Indicator
Top Risers from last year in Minority
Rights Group Indicator, X
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
Qualitative
Potential for High Conflict
specific to sectors
Cases of Tuberculosis (per
100,000 population) 2008
Prevalence of Tuberculosis
2008
Cases of Malaria (per 100,000
population) 2008
Prevalence of Malaria
2008
Cases of Dengue Fever (per
100,000 population) 2005
Prevalence of Dengue
Fever, 2005
Cases of Cholera 2008
Prevalence of Cholera 2008
Mortality rates from
communicable diseases (per
100,000 population) 2004
Risk of mortality from
communicable diseases
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ANNEX I.
Table A. Social Issues Represented in the Social Hotspot Database
CATEGORY
TABLE THEME
Community
Infrastructure
Children Out
of School
Access to
Improved
Drinking Water
Access to
Improved
Sanitation
Access to
Hospital Beds
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
DATA INDICATOR
CHARACTERIZED ISSUE
Children out of School – male
Risk of Children not attending
School – male
Children out of School – female
Risk of Children not attending
School – female
Children out of School – total
Risk of Children not attending
School – total
Access to Improved Drinking
Water, % - rural
Risk of not having access to
Improved Drinking Water – rural
Access to Improved Drinking
Water, % - urban
Risk of not having access to
Improved Drinking Water –urban
Access to Improved Drinking
Water, % - total
Risk of not having access to
Improved Drinking Water – total
Access to Improved Sanitation,
% – rural
Risk of not having access to
Improved Sanitation – rural
Access to Improved Sanitation,
% – urban
Risk of not having access to
Improved Sanitation – urban
Access to Improved Sanitation,
% – total
Risk of not having access to
Improved Sanitation – total
Access to Hospital Beds # beds/1000 pop
Risk of not having Access to
Hospital Beds
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ANNEX I.
Table B. References used for each table in the SHDB (Continued on page 55)
WORKER HOURS
ILO Laborsta Database
http://laborsta.ilo.org/
United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO
www.unido.org
OECD
http:// stats.oecd.org/
Food and Agriculture Organization Rural Income Generating
Activities database, FAO RIGA
http://www.fao.org/es/ESA/riga/english/form_en.htm
LABOR LAWS
NATLEX, the database of ILO’s International Labour
Standards Department - Conventions
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/country_profiles.byCountry?p_
lang=en
NATLEX, the database of ILO’s International Labour
Standards Department - Laws
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.byCountry?p_
lang=en
AVERAGE WAGES
Non-Poverty Wages Based on US Poverty Guideline and
Adjusted Using GDP
http://www.Sweatfree.org
2008 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/index.htm
ILO Minimum Wage Database
http://www.ilo.org/travaildatabase/servlet/minimumwages
Spanish Ministry of Work and Immigration - most recent
minimum wage
http://www.tt.mtas.es/periodico/Laboral/200812/
LAB20081226_3.htm
Federation of European Employers - Most recent Minimum
Wage Rates for Latvia
http://www.fedee.com/minwage.html
Govt website - Netherlands most recent Minimum Wage
http://docs.minszw.nl/pdf/27/2009/27_2009_2_21809.pdf
Govt website - New Zealand most recent minimum wage
http://www.ers.dol.govt.nz/pay/minimum.html
Govt website - most recent Chile Minimum Wage
http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1003770
Newspaper Article - Croatia most recent Minimum Wage
http://www.poslovni.hr/93182.aspx
National Institute of Economic Statistics - France most recent http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?ref_
Minimum Wage
id=NATnon04145&reg_id=0
Directgov website - United Kingdom, most recent minimum
wage
http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/Employees/
TheNationalMinimumWage/DG_10027201
Website - Brazil most recent Minimum Wage
http://www.portalbrasil.net/salariominimo_2009.htm
Newspaper article - Venezuela most recent Minimum Wage
http://www.abn.info.ve/noticia.php?articulo=197112&lee=3
Govt Website - British Columbia Ministry of Labor - Canada’s http://www.labour.gov.bc.ca/esb/facshts/min-wage.htm
lowest Minimum Wage
Fair Labor Standards Act - most recent US Minimum Wage
http://www.dol.gov/compliance/laws/comp-FLSA.htm
POPULATION MAKING < $2/DAY
World Bank World Development Indicators
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY
CHILD LABOR
Understanding Children’s Work Project by UNICEF,
International Labor Organization, and World Bank, Surveys
with sector specific child labor %.
http://www.ucw-project.org
UNICEF State of the world’s children 2009 Report
http://www.unicef.org/sowc09/report/report.php
U.S. Department of Labor’s 2008 Findings on the Worst
Forms of Child Labor
http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/main.htm
U.S. Dept of Labor List of Goods Produced by Child Labor
or Forced Labor 2009. Report Required by the Trafficking
Victims Protection Authorization Acts of 2005 and 2008.
U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of International Labor Affairs.
Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor and Human Trafficking.
http://www.dol.gov/ilab/programs/ocft/PDF/2009TVPRA.pdf
US Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights
Practices
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/index.htm
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ANNEX I.
Table B. References used for each table in the SHDB (Continued on page 56)
CHILD LABOR
International Labour Organization Laborstat Database 1A-Total and economically actively active population,
by age group
http://laborsta.ilo.org
Global March - Worst Forms of Child Labor 2005
http://www.globalmarch.org/worstformsreport/world/index.html
UNICEF - statistical information including data used in
UNICEF’s State of the World’s Children
http://www.unicef.org/statistics/index_countrystats.html
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions - WTO
Reviews
http://www.ituc-csi.org/
World Bank World Development Indicators
http://data.worldbank.org/topic/social-development
U.S. Department of Labor’s Report on Youth Labor Force in
U.S. 2000
http://www.bls.gov/opub/rylf/rylfhome.htm
United Nations Special Session on Children for Barbados
http://www.un.org/ga/children/barbadosE.htm
Watchlist on children and armed conflict in Colombia
http://www.watchlist.org/
United Nations Children Fund - Gambia Country Profile
http://www.ungambia.gm/unicef/profile.html
ECLT Foundation - Addressing the challenge of child labour
in tobacco growing in Fiji
http://www.eclt.org
FORCED LABOR
ILO information cited in Human Rights Education Associates
Learning Center
http://www.hrea.org/index.php?base_id=160
U.S. Dept of Labor List of Goods Produced by Child Labor
or Forced Labor 2009. Report Required by the Trafficking
Victims Protection Authorization Acts of 2005 and 2008.
U.S.Dept. of Labor Bureau of Interna-tional Labor Affairs.
Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor and Human Trafficking.
http://www.dol.gov/ilab/programs/ocft/PDF/2009TVPRA.pdf
2008 U.S. Dept of State Human Rights Country Reports
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/index.htm
Forced Labour Fact sheet “Forced Labour Statistics,
Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work,”
2006, Cornell University ILR SchoolOffice of Child Labor,
Forced Labor and Human Trafficking.
http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/forcedlabor/20
Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery in Egypt
http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Egypt.htm
LaborRights.org - Factory Profiles
http://www.laborrights.org/creating-a-sweatfreeworld/sweatshops/factory-profiles/pt-busana-indah-global
Amnesty International Report for Myanmar
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/ASA16/024/2005
Report on Philippines by Antislavery.org
http://www.antislavery.org/english/campaigns/take_
actionbackground_to_forced_labour_and_exploitation_of_
domestic_workers_in_the_philippines.aspx
“Internationally-recognised core labour standards in Poland”
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/63/001.html
“Cost of Coercion” Report of Director General of the ILO
2009
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---rel-conf/
documents/meetingdocument/wcms_106230.pdf
Senegal: Deforestation by expansion of groundnut
monoculture, 2004
http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/85/Senegal.html
“3 million Ugandan minors risked forced labour”
http://www.afrol.com/articles/29349
Forced labour: contemporary slavery in the UK by the Joseph
Rowntree Foundation
http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/forced-labour-investigations.pdf
Free the Slaves and Human Rights Center (University of
California, Berkeley) “Hidden Slaves: Forced Labor in the
United States” 2004.
http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1
007&context=forcedlabor
“Zimbabwe: End Repression in Marange Diamond Fields “
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/26/zimbabwe-endrepression-marange-diamond-fields
Trafficking in Persons Report 2009 - Cameroon
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic/4565c22535/4565c25f42b.
html
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ANNEX I.
Table B. References used for each table in the SHDB (Continued on page 57)
CHILD LABOR
CIA World Fact Book, Sudan
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
geos/su.html
Oxfam - Eastern Congo
http://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressrelease/2009-07-14/
rape-torture-surge-in-eastern-congo
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND RIGHT TO STRIKE
ITUC annual survey of violations of trade union rights 2009
http://survey09.ituc-csi.org/survey.php?IDContinent=0&Lang=EN
ITUC - WTO General Council Review of Trade Policies
http://www.ituc-csi.org/spip.php?page=moredoc&id_type=275
U.S. Dept. of State Country Reports
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/index.htm
Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network
http://en.euromedrights.org/index.php/news/emhrn_
releases/67/4076.html
EXCESSIVE OVERTIME
Eurofound, European Foundation for the Improvement of
Living and Working Conditions
http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/pubdocs/2008/101/en/2/
EF08101EN.pdf
ILO Key Indicators of the Labor Market, Table 6a.
Distribution of employed population by hours worked per
week (by sex, age group and status)
http://kilm.ilo.org/KILMnetBeta/default2.asp
David BESCOND*, Anne CHÂTAIGNIER* and Farhad
MEHRAN. Seven indicators to measure decent work: An
international comparison. International Labour Review, Vol.
142, No. 2, (2003).
http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-112945029/sevenindicators-measure-decent.html
Laborsta, Distribution of the employed population by hours
of work
http://laborsta.ilo.org/STP/guest
Bardasi, Elena and Wodon, Quentin T., Working Long
Hours and Having No Choice: Time Poverty in Guinea
(June 1, 2009). World Bank Policy Research Working
Paper Series, Vol. , pp. -, 2009.
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1421702
U.S. Department of State’s Human Rights Reports, 2009.
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/index.htm
HP Global Citizenship Audit Results for Working Time
http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/globalcitizenship/society/supplychain/
audit.html#overview
Verite Research Paper, 2004. Excessive Overtime in Chinese
Factories.
http://www.verite.org/system/files/images/Excessive_Overtime_
in_Chinese_Factories.pdf
ILO Report for Tanzania. Source of data: National Bureau of
Statistics, ILFS
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/afpro/daressalaam/
download/decent_work_tz.pdf
Verite Report referenced in Business Week 2009 article.
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_48/
b4011009.htm
MIGRANT WORKERS
Population Reference Bureau, 2009 Population Data Sheet
http://www.prb.org/pdf09/09wpds_eng.pdf
Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation
and Poverty (Migration DRC) - Global Migrant Origin
Database, 2007
http://www.migrationdrc.org/research/typesofmigration/global_
migrant_origin_database.html
International Organization for Migration
http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/activities/
International Labor Organization - International Labor
Statistics, Laborsta, Tables M6, M7
laborsta.ilo.org
Eurostat - Statistics
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/
search_database
International Migration/Government Views and Poli-cies
2009
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2009/
WPP2009%20web/Countries/WPP2009%20Frame.htm
ILO Convention No. 97 on Migration for Employment, 1949
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/newratframeE.htm
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ANNEX I.
Table B. References used for each table in the SHDB (Continued on page 58)
MIGRANT WORKERS
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.
Migrant Workers and Members of their Families New York,
aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-13&chapter=4&lang=en
18 December 1990
National Report submitted in 2008 in accordance with
paragraph 15(a) of the Annex to Human Rights Council
Resolution 5/1 - Argentina.
International Migration Outlook, 2010,
http://browse.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/pdfs/
browseit/8110101E.PDF
Azerbaijan Labour Migrant Survey Report, International
Organization for Migration, February 2009
http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/azerbaijan_labour_
migrant_survey.pdf
UNESCO Series of Country Reports of the Ratification of
the UN Convention on Migrants, 2004,
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/
themes/social-transformations/international-migration/projects/
unesco-project-on-the-international-migrants-rights-convention/
International Organization for Migration, Bangladesh, May
2010
http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/bangladesh#rm
International Organization for Migration, Belarus, November
2010
http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/belarus
Towards a fair deal for migrant workers in the global
economy, International Labour Office, 2004
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc92/pdf/
rep-vi.pdf
OHCHR
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/migration/rapporteur/visits.
htm
National report submitted in accordance with paragraph
15(a) of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1
– Chile 2009
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=sea
rch&skip=0&query=specific+groups+and+individuals%3A+migra
nt+workers&x=0&y=0
UNHCR
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?page=sea
rch&skip=0&query=specific+groups+and+individuals%3A+migra
nt+workers&x=0&y=0
Migration in Georgia: A Country Profile, International
Organization for Migration, 2008
http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/Georgia_Profile2008.pdf
Support for migrant workers: The missing link in India’s
development, Natural Resource Perspectives, 2008.
http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/2466.pdf
The Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of Their
Families: Nigeria, UNESCO, October 2003
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001395/139534e.pdf
The Global economic crisis and migrant workers: Impact and
response, ILO-Geneva 2009
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/migrant/download/
global_crisis2.pdf
International Migration in the Russian Federation, United
Nations Secretariat, 2005
http://www.un.org/esa/population/meetings/ittmigdev2005/
P11_Rybakovsky&Ryazantsev.pdf
Puerto Rico Plan, US Department of Labor, OSHA, 2002
http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/osp/stateprogs/puerto_rico.html
International Labour Organization Multilateral Framework
on Labour Migration, 2006on Labour Migration, 2006
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/migrant/download/
multilat_fwk_en.pdf
Migration in Serbia: A Country Profile, International
Organization for Migration, 2008
http://www.grupa484.org.rs/czm/migracioni_profili/Serbia_
Migration%20Profile_2008.pdf
International Organization for Migration, Afghanistan
http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/afghanistan
International Organization for Migration, May 2010
http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/nepal
Migration in Ghana: A Country Profile, International
Organization for Migration, 2009
http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/Ghana_Profile_2009.pdf
International Organization for Migration, April 2010
http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/mali
Intra-Regional Labour mobility in the Arab World, International http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/ALO-IOM_intraOrganization for Migration, 2010
regional_labour_mobility_EN.pdf
Laborsta - ILO
http://laborsta.ilo.org/STP/guest
Migration Information
http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/comparative.cfm
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ANNEX I.
Table B. References used for each table in the SHDB (Continues on page 59)
INJURIES IN THE WORKPLACE
Hamalainen, Paivi, Jukka Takala, Kaija Leena Saarela, (2009),
Global trend according to estimated number of occupational
accidents and fatal work-related diseases at region and
country level, Journal of Safety Research, 40(2):125-39
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433205
LABORSTA, International Labour Office database on labour
statistics, ILO Department of Statistics
http://laborsta.ilo.org/data_topic_E.html
International Labour Office [ILO]. (1996). ILO Code of
Practice. Recording and notification of occupational
accidents and diseases. Geneva.
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/--protrav/---safework/documents/normativeinstrument/
wcms_107800.pdf
Takala, J. (1999). Global Estimates of Fatal Occupational
Accidents. Epidemiology, 10, 640-646.
http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/methods/en/takala.pdf
UNEMPLOYMENT
IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2010
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/
index.aspx
Eurostat
http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=une_
rt_a&lang=en
ILO Laborsta
http://laborsta.ilo.org/data_topic_E.html
OECD, StatExtracts
http://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=251
INDIGENOUS RIGHTS
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2008
(UNHCR)
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain
Indigenous World 2010 (IWGIA)
http://www.iwgia.org/sw41165.asp
State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples (UNDESA 2009)
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/SOWIP_web.pdf
Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Development (World Bank
2010)
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINDPEOPLE/
Resources/407801-1271860301656/full_report.pdf
Ethnic groups worldwide by David Levinson (1998) Oryx
Press
Indigenous peoples, poverty & human development in Latin
America 1994-2004 (2006, World Bank)
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/
LACEXT/0,,contentMDK:20505834~pagePK:146736~piPK:14
6830~theSitePK:258554,00.html
Rights of indigenous peoples in 24 African countries 2009
(ILO)
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/--normes/documents/publication/wcms_115929.pdf
EIRIS and CAER SEE Risk briefing 2007
http://www.eiris.org/files/research%20publications/
seeriskindigenouspeoples.pdf
World Bank, World Development Indicators 2008
http://data.worldbank.org/
International Labour Organization ILOLEX 2010
http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/ratifce.pl?C169
United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html
GENDER EQUITY
Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) 2009
www.genderindex.org
The Global Gender Gap Index, Global Gender Gap Report,
2009 World Economic Forum, Geneva Switzerland
http://www.weforum.org/en/Communities/Women%20
Leaders%20and%20Gender%20Parity/GenderGapNetwork/
index.htm
UNDP Human Development Indicators Report, 2009
http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/
The Cingranelli-Richards Human Rights Dataset (CIRI)
http://ciri.binghamton.edu/
Gender Stats - World Bank
http://go.worldbank.org/MRER20PME0
ILO-Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM) Data-base
http://www.ilo.org/
Dataset: Gender, Institutions and Development Database
2009 (GID-DB)
http://stats.oecd.org/OECDStat_Metadata/ShowMetadata.ashx
?Dataset=GID2&ShowOnWeb=true&Lang=en
Gender Related Development Index (GDI) - UNDP Human
Development Report 2007
http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Table_J.pdf
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) - UNDP Human
Development Report 2007/2008
http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_GEM.pdf
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Table B. References used for each table in the SHDB (Continued on page 60)
HIGH CONFLICT ZONES
Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research,
Conflict Barometer Report 2009
http://hiik.de/en/konfliktbarometer/
The UN Refugee Agency, Global Trends Report 2009,
Refugees and International Displaced Persons
http://www.unhcr.org
Center for Systemic Peace, 2009 Global Report On
Conflict, Governance and State Fragility
http://www.systemicpeace.org/
State of the World’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples,
2010, Minority Rights Group International
http://www.minorityrights.org/9885/peoples-under-threat/
peoples-under-threat-2010.html
Africa: Conflicts Without Borders - Sub-national and
Transnational Conflict-Affected Areas (2007–2008)
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/JOPA7LDBRF?OpenDocument&rc=1&cc=dza
Conflict-Sensitive Business Practice: Guidance for
Extractive Industries and Conflict-Sensitive Project
Finance: Better Lending Practice in Conflict-Prone States,
International Alert
www.international-alert.org
“Investing in Stability - Conflict Risk, Environmental
Challenges and the Bottom-Line”, United Nations
Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), Intl.
Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
http://www.unepfi.org/fileadmin/documents/investing_in_
stability_final_report_2004.pdf
Business and Human Rights Resource Center - Business,
Conflict and Peace Portal
http://www.business-humanrights.org/ConflictPeacePortal/
Sector
Motivating and Impeding Factors for Corporate Engagement
in Peacebuilding, Swiss Peace Working Paper, Ulrike Joras,
with contributions from Rina Alluri and Karsten Palme
http://www.swisspeace.ch/typo3/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/
Working_Paper/WP1_2009.pdf
“Oil and Mining in Violent Places - Why voluntary codes for
companies don’t guarantee human rights” Global Witness
Oct 2007
http://www.corporate-accountability.org/eng/
Collier, P. et al. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and
Development Policy. World Bank, 2003: 179
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64
165259&theSitePK=469372&piPK=64165421&menuPK=
64166093&entityID=000094946_0306190405396
Undue diligence: How banks do business with corrupt
regimes, Global Witness
http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/735/
en/undue_diligence_how_banks_do_business_with_corrupt
Addison, T. and Murshed, M. Finance in Conflict and
Reconstruction. UNU/WIDER Finance and Development
Research Programme Paper No. 20, November 2000
http://www.wider.unu.edu/stc/repec/pdfs/dp2001/dp200144.pdf
U.S. Institute of Peace, Stabilization and Reconstruction, Jill
Shankleman
http://www.usip.org/files/resources/srs4.pdf
Hot Chocolate - How Cocoa fuelled the conflict in Côte
d’Ivoire, Global Witness
http://www.globalwitness.org/media_library_detail.php/552/en/
hot_chocolate_how_cocoa_fuelled_the_conflict_in_co
Minority Rights Group International
http://www.minorityrights.org/9885/peoples-under-threat/
peoples-under-threat-2010.html
CHILDREN OUT OF SCHOOL
UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Population of School-age
Students
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/
document.aspx?ReportId=136&IF_Language=eng&BR_Topic=0
UNICEF Child Info Statistics
http://www.childinfo.org/education_outofschool.php
HEALTH ISSUES
WHO World Health Statistics 2010
http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS10_Full.pdf
UN FAO
http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1683e/i1683e.pdf
World Health Organization Global Infobase - Noncommunicable diseases and injuries
https://apps.who.int/infobase/
UNDP Human Development Report 2010
http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.
pdf
World Health Organization 2010
http://www.who.int/countries/en/
UN Statistics Division 2008
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid=644
Denguenet WHO
http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/DataQuery/default.asp
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Table B. References used for each table in the SHDB
LEGAL SYSTEMS
CIA World Factbook, Legal System
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.
html
World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators
http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/mc_countries.asp
Bertelsmann Transformation Index
http://www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/en/bti/atlas/
CIRI Human Rights Data Project 2008
http://ciri.binghamton.edu/index.asp
World Justice Project Rule of Law Index 2009
http://www.worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/
Global Integrity Index
http://report.globalintegrity.org/
HOSPITAL BED ACCESS
World Bank World Development Indicators Report 2009
http://www.worldbank.org/data
European Observatory on Health Systems & Policies - 2003
http://www.euro.who.int/document/e82881.pdf
Taiwan Department of Health
http://www.euro.who.int/document/e82881.pdf
OECD Health Data 2005
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/25/34970222.pdf
World Health Organization Indicators
http://www.who.int/whosis/
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, Assessing the need
to establish new hospitals, Volume 2, Issue 2, 1996, Page
334-339, Saeed Assefzadeh.
http://www.emro.who.int/Publications/emhj/0202/23.htm
WHO World Health Statistics 2009
http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/2009/en/index.html
Journal of Health and Human Behavior, The Distribu-tion of
Hospital Beds Needed in a Region, Milton Roemer, 1960.
http://www.jstor.org/pss/2949007
ACCESS TO IMPROVED SANITATION
World Health Organization Progress on sanitation and
drinking-water 2010 update
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publica
tions/9789241563956/en/index.html
World Bank’s World Development Indicators 2009,
Table 3.11
http://www.worldbank.org/data
ACCESS TO IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCE
World Health Organization Progress on sanitation and
drinking-water 2010 update
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publica
tions/9789241563956/en/index.html
World Bank’s World Development Indicators 2009
http://data.worldbank.org/
SMALLHOLDER VS. COMMERCIAL FARMS
FAO 2000 World Census of Agriculture
http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1595e/i1595e00.ht
Nagayets O (2005) Small Farms: Current Status and Key
Trends.
http://www.ifpri.org/publication/future-small-farms
Eurostat
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/agriculture/
data/database
ILO Laborsta - Economically Active Population by Industry
and Status in Employment - Table 1C
http://laborsta.ilo.org/data_topic_E.html
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ANNEX II.
LITERATURE REVIEW IN-DEPTH RESULTS OF SOCIAL ISSUES
‹‹‰
‹‹‰ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•…ƒ…”‡ƒ–‡•‘…‹ƒŽ„‡‡ϐ‹–•–‘…‘—‹–‹‡•‹„‘–Š–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰™‘”Ž†ǡ•—…Šƒ•
‹…”‡ƒ•‡† ‡…‘‘‹… ’”‘•’‡”‹–›ǡ ‹’”‘˜‡† “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ Ž‹ˆ‡ ƒ† „‡––‡” ’—„Ž‹… ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡Ǣ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ „‡‡ϐ‹–•
‘ˆ‹‹‰—•–„‡˜‹‡™‡†‹–Š‡…‘–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽƒ†‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡Ǧ‘ˆˆ•–Šƒ–ƒ……‘’ƒ›–Š‹•ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Ǥ
 ƒ› …ƒ•‡• ‹‹‰ Šƒ• ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ …‘•‡“—‡…‡•ǡ ™Š‹…Š …‘–‹—‡ –‘ „‡ ‘ˆ …‘…‡” ‰Ž‘„ƒŽŽ›Ǥ ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽŽ›ǡ
‹‹‰†‹•–—”„••‘‹Ž•ǡ‹’ƒ…–•„‹‘†‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡƒ†…ƒ…ƒ—•‡™ƒ–‡”ƒ†ƒ‹”’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘Ǥ‡–ƒŽ•’”‘…‡••‹‰ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰
‹‡”ƒŽ…”—•Š‹‰ǡ•‡Ž–‹‰ǡ”‡ϐ‹‹‰ƒ†‡–ƒŽŽ—”‰‹…ƒŽ”‡…›…Ž‹‰‹•„‘–Š‡‡”‰›Ǧƒ†‡‹••‹‘•Ǧ‹–‡•‹˜‡Ǥ’‡…‹ϐ‹…
‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹’ƒ…–•‘ˆ‹‹‰ƒ›‹…Ž—†‡Š—ƒ”‹‰Š–•˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘•ǡŽƒ„‘”‹••—‡•ǡ•‘…‹‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹…†‹•–—”„ƒ…‡•ǡ
…‘””—’–‹‘ ƒ† …‘ϐŽ‹…–Ǥ  –Š‡ …ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ „‘–Š ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ƒ† •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡•ǡ –Š‡ ‡š–‡– ƒ† ƒ‰‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹’ƒ…–• ‘ˆ ‹‹‰ †‡’‡† Žƒ”‰‡Ž› ‘ –Š‡ ‰‘˜‡”ƒ…‡ •›•–‡• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡ ‹ ’Žƒ…‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‹‹‰ ”‡‰‹‘
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ǡ ʹͲͲͺȌǤ Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ …Ž‡ƒ” Ž‹ ‡š‹•–‹‰ „‡–™‡‡ ‹‡”ƒŽ ‡š–”ƒ…–‹‘ǡ …‘ϐŽ‹…–ǡ ƒ† Š—ƒ ”‹‰Š–• ƒ„—•‡•Ǥ
ƒ–—”ƒŽ”‡•‘—”…‡•…ƒ„‡ƒ•‘—”…‡‘ˆ†‹•’—–‡•ǡ†‹”‡…–Ž›‘”‹†‹”‡…–Ž›ϐ‹ƒ…‹‰ƒ”‡†…‘ϐŽ‹…–ǡ”‡•—Ž–‹‰‹˜‹‘Ž‡…‡
‘”‘–Š‡”Š—ƒ”‹‰Š–•‹ˆ”‹‰‡‡–•ǡƒ••‡‡”‡…‡–Ž›‹–Š‡‡‘…”ƒ–‹…‡’—„Ž‹…‘ˆ–Š‡‘‰‘ȋǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ
‘‡ ‡–ƒŽ•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ‰‘Ž†ǡ ƒ”‡ ‹‡† ‹ ‘”‡ –Šƒ ͹ͷ …‘—–”‹‡•ǡ ™Š‡”‡ƒ• ‘–Š‡”•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• –‹ ƒ† ’ƒŽŽƒ†‹—ǡ
Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ‘”‡ …‘…‡–”ƒ–‡† ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹… •‘—”…‡Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•‡”˜‡• ‘ˆ ‡–ƒŽ• ƒ”‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ› …‘…‡–”ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‡ƒ”–Š
‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡›„‡…‘‡ƒ˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡”‡•‘—”…‡ˆ‘”–Š‡•’‡…‹ϐ‹…”‡‰‹‘‘”…‘—–”›‡…‘‘‹…ƒŽŽ›ǤŠ‹•ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ
™‡ƒŽ–Š•‘‡–‹‡•Ž‡ƒ†•–‘…‘””—’–‹‘ƒ†˜‹‘Ž‡…‡™‹–Š‹–Š‡‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒ†‹–•‹‹‰•‡…–‘”ǡ–Š—•…‘‹‹‰–Š‡
–‡”Dz…‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‡”ƒŽ•dzǤ
Š‡ ‡‘…”ƒ–‹… ‡’—„Ž‹… ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‰‘ ȋȌ ‹• –Š‘—‰Š– –‘ …‘–ƒ‹ —’ –‘ ƒ –Š‹”† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†ǯ• ”‡•‡”˜‡• ‘ˆ
…ƒ••‹–‡”‹–‡ǡ –Š‡ ‘”‡ ‹‡† –‘ ‡š–”ƒ…– –‹Ǥ ‘‰‘ ’”‘†—…‡† –Š‡ ‘”‡ ‘ ƒ ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ •…ƒŽ‡ ƒ† ™ƒ• –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†ǯ•
•‡…‘†ǦŽƒ”‰‡•– –‹ ‡š’‘”–‡” ƒ• ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒ• –Š‡ ͳͻͶͲ•Ǥ Ž–Š‘—‰Š ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡ ‹ –Š‡ †‡…ƒ›‡† ”ƒ’‹†Ž› †—”‹‰
–Š‡ ‘„—–— ‡”ƒ ƒ† ‘‰‘ǯ• ’”‘†—…–‹‘ †‡…Ž‹‡†ǡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Žƒ™• •‡– ‹ —”‘’‡ ƒ† ƒ’ƒ ‹ ʹͲͲͶ ˆ‘”…‡†
‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”•–‘‘˜‡ƒ™ƒ›ˆ”‘Ž‡ƒ†Ǧ„ƒ•‡†•‘Ž†‡”•‹ˆƒ˜‘”‘ˆ–‹Ǥ‘†ƒ›ǡ–Š‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽ•‘Ž†‡”ƒ”‡–
…‘•—‡•‘”‡–ŠƒŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ž†ǯ•–‹ǡ͵͸’‡”…‡–‘ˆ™Š‹…Š‹••‘Ž†ˆ‘”—•‡‹–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•‹†—•–”›Ǥ–ǯ•
‡•–‹ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– ‘‰‘ ƒ……‘—–• ˆ‘” ͸Ǧͺ ’‡”…‡– ‘ˆ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ –‹ ’”‘†—…–‹‘ǡ ”‡‘˜‡† ˆ”‘ ‘’‡ ’‹–• „› ƒ”–‹•ƒƒŽ
™‘”‡”•ǡŽƒ„‘”‹‰™‹–Š’‹…ƒš‡•ƒ†•Š‘˜‡Ž•ˆ‘”„‡–™‡‡̈́ͳƒ†̈́ͷ’‡”†ƒ›ȋ‘•‡ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ
‡‰”‡––ƒ„Ž›ǡ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ž†ǯ•†‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•–…‘ϐŽ‹…–•Šƒ•’‡”•‹•–‡†‹”‡‘–‡”‡‰‹‘•‘ˆ‡ƒ•–‡”‘‰‘‘˜‡”–Š‡Žƒ•–
ͳͷ ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ ‹…‡ ͳͻͻͶǡ ™Š‡ –Š‡ ™ƒ†ƒ —–— ‹Ž‹–‹ƒ• ϐŽ‡† ƒ…”‘•• –Š‡ ‘‰‘Ž‡•‡ „‘”†‡” ϐŽ‡‡‹‰ –Š‡ ™ƒ†ƒ
‰‡‘…‹†‡ǡ‘‰‘ǯ•‡ƒ•–‡””‡‰‹‘•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡†‡˜ƒ•–ƒ–‡†„›…‘ϐŽ‹…–•‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰‡‹‰Š–ˆ”‹…ƒƒ–‹‘•ƒ††‘œ‡•
‘ˆ”‡„‡Žƒ”‹‡•ǤDzˆ”‹…ƒǯ•‘”Ž†ƒ”dz†‹†‘–„‡‰‹„‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ‹‹‰Ǣ‹–™ƒ•ˆ—‡Ž‡†„›–‡•‹‘•‘˜‡”Žƒ†”‹‰Š–•ǡ
”‡‰‹‘ƒŽƒ†‡–Š‹…’‘™‡”•–”—‰‰Ž‡•ǡƒ†ƒŽƒ…‘ˆ•‘—†‰‘˜‡”ƒ…‡Ǥ‡–‘•–ƒƒŽ›•–•…‘–‡†–Šƒ––Š‡‹‡”ƒŽ•
–”ƒ†‡ǡƒ‡›•‘—”…‡‘ˆϐ‹ƒ…‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ”‡†‰”‘—’•ǡŠƒ•Ž‘‰„‡‡ƒ†”‹˜‡”‘ˆ–Š‡…‘ϐŽ‹…–Ǥ‡„‡Ž‰”‘—’•–‘‘…‘–”‘Ž
„› ’Ž—†‡”‹‰ ˜‹ŽŽƒ‰‡•ǡ –‡””‘”‹œ‹‰ …‹˜‹Ž‹ƒ• ƒ† ‡’Ž‘›‹‰ ƒ•• ”ƒ’‡ ƒ• ƒ •–”ƒ–‡‰› –‘ †”‹˜‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘• ˆ”‘
‹‡”ƒŽǦ”‹…Šƒ”‡ƒ•ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š•–ƒ–‹•–‹…•‘–‘–ƒŽ†‡ƒ–Š•˜ƒ”›™‹†‡Ž›ǡ•‘‡‰”‘—’•‡•–‹ƒ–‡–Šƒ–‘”‡–Šƒͷ‹ŽŽ‹‘
’‡‘’Ž‡Šƒ˜‡†‹‡†ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ–Š‡‘‰‘…”‹•‹•ǡ‹™Šƒ–‹•™‹†‡Ž›…‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘„‡–Š‡†‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•–…‘ϐŽ‹…–•‹…‡
‘”Ž†ƒ”ȋ‘•‡ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ
‹–Š Š‘’‡• ‘ˆ …Šƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘ —Ž› ʹ͵ǡ ʹͲͳͲǡ ”‡•‹†‡– „ƒƒ •‹‰‡† ‹–‘ Žƒ™ –Š‡ ‘††Ǧ”ƒ ƒŽŽ
–”‡‡–‡ˆ‘”ƒ†‘•—‡””‘–‡…–‹‘…–ǡƒ†‹–•‡…–‹‘ͳͷͲʹ”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ˆ‘”…‘’ƒ‹‡•–”ƒ†‹‰‹‘‰‘ǯ•
…‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‡”ƒŽ•ǡ–‹ǡ–ƒ–ƒŽ—ǡ–—‰•–‡ƒ†‰‘Ž†Ǥ…‡–Š‡Žƒ™–ƒ‡•‡ˆˆ‡…–ǡ…‘’ƒ‹‡••‘—”…‹‰‹‡”ƒŽ•ˆ”‘
‘‰‘‘”ƒ›‘ˆ‹–•‹‡‡‹‰Š„‘”•—•–•—„‹–ƒƒ—ƒŽ”‡’‘”––‘–Š‡‡…—”‹–‹‡•ƒ†š…Šƒ‰‡‘‹••‹‘ȋȌ
†‡–ƒ‹Ž‹‰‡ƒ•—”‡•–ƒ‡–‘‡š‡”…‹•‡†—‡†‹Ž‹‰‡…‡‹–Š‡‹”•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹ǤŠ‡›—•–ƒŽ•‘†‡…Žƒ”‡™Š‡–Š‡”‘”‘–
–Š‡‹”’”‘†—…–•ƒ”‡Dz‘ϐŽ‹…–”‡‡dzǤŠ‹Ž‡–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘’‡ƒŽ–‹‡•ˆ‘”‘…‘’Ž‹ƒ…‡ǡ–Š‡†‹•…Ž‘•—”‡•—•–„‡
ƒ†‡’—„Ž‹…‘…‘’ƒ‹‡•ǯ™‡„•‹–‡•ǡƒ†ϐ‹”•…‘–‹—‹‰–‘•‘—”…‡Dz…‘ϐŽ‹…–‹‡”ƒŽ•dzˆƒ…‡•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘
†ƒƒ‰‡ȋ–‡ƒ”•ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ‡ƒ†‹‰‰”‡ƒ–‡”†—‡†‹Ž‹‰‡…‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‡…‘‘‹…ƒ…–‘”•…ƒ’ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ•–ƒ—…Š‹‰–Š‡
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
SOCIAL SCOPING REPORT | LAPTOP COMPUTER
62
ANNEX II.
ϐŽ‘™‘ˆˆ—†•–‘‘‰‘ǯ•™ƒ””‹‰’ƒ”–‹‡•‹•‘–ƒ‡™…‘…‡’–ǡ„—––Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹…ƒŽ™‹ŽŽ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†„›ǤǤŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘‹•
—’”‡…‡†‡–‡†ȋ—ŽŽ‹˜ƒǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ
……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ†˜‘…ƒ–‡•ǡ –Š‡ Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ ‹• ƒ ϐ‹”•– •–‡’ ‹ ”‡ˆ‘”‹‰ ƒ ‹†—•–”› –Šƒ– ‹• ˜‹•‹„Ž› Ž‹‡† –‘ ƒ”‡†
‰”‘—’• ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†ǯ• ™‘”•– Š—ƒ‹–ƒ”‹ƒ …”‹•‡•Ǥ –Š‡”• „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ
Šƒ˜‡—ˆ‘”‡•‡‡…‘•‡“—‡…‡•Ǥ—‡–‘–Š‡†‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž–›‹‹•–‹–—–‹‰–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡…›ƒ†ƒ—†‹–‹‰‹•—’’Ž›…Šƒ‹•ǡ
…‘’ƒ‹‡•ƒ›…Š‘‘•‡–‘•‘—”…‡‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡–‘ƒ˜‘‹†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡”‡’—–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‘”–Š‡–”ƒ†‡™‹ŽŽ„‡†”‹˜‡—†‡”‰”‘—†
‡˜‡ˆ—”–Š‡”Ǥ˜‡‹ˆ–Š‡Žƒ™†‘‡•…ƒ—•‡ƒ†‡…Ž‹‡‹‡š’‘”–•ǡ–Š‡‰‘˜‡”‡–ǯ•…‘””‡•’‘†‹‰Ž‘••‹–ƒš”‡˜‡—‡
ƒ›’—•Š–Š‡–‘™‘”Šƒ”†‡”–‘”‡…‘…‹Ž‡–Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‘’‘‡–ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰Ƭ••‡„Ž›
Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡••—””‘—†‹‰–Š‡Žƒ’–‘’ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰‹Š‹ƒǯ•‡ƒ•–…‘ƒ•–Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒƒŽ›œ‡†ǡƒ‘‰‘–Š‡”•ǡ„›
–Š‡៬‘•–‹–—–‡ǤǤȋƒŠƒ”–Ƭ
”‹‡ȾŠƒ‡”ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤŠ‡›”‡’‘”–ƒ›’”‘„Ž‡ƒ–‹…ƒ”‡ƒ•‹–Š‡ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰
•‡…–‘”ǤŠ‡›‘–‹…‡†–Šƒ–Žƒ™•‘ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ‘……—’ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•ƒˆ‡–›ƒ†Š‡ƒŽ–Šǡƒ”‡…‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡Ž›”‡‰—Žƒ–‡†„—–
‘–ƒ•™‡ŽŽ‹’Ž‡‡–‡†ǤŠ‹‰Š‡””ƒ–‡‘ˆ™‘”’Žƒ…‡ƒ……‹†‡–•ƒ†‹ŽŽ‡••‡•‡š‹•–ƒ”‹•‹‰ƒ‹Ž›ˆ”‘–Š‡Šƒ†Ž‹‰
‘ˆ–‘š‹…ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ǤŠ‡›…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ–ƒ˜ƒ•–ƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ‡’Ž‘›‡‡•ƒ”‡›‘—‰™‘‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒ‰‡
‘ˆͳͺƒ†ʹͷ™Š‘ƒ›Žƒ…‡“—ƒŽ”‹‰Š–•ǤŠ‡›ƒŽ•‘”‡’‘”––Šƒ–…Š‹Ž†Žƒ„‘”‹•‘ˆ–‡ˆ‘—†ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›™Š‡‹‰”ƒ–
™‘”‡”•ƒ”‡—ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡›†‘…—‡––Šƒ–›‘—‰™‘”‡”•ƒ”‡…‘‘Ž›‡’Ž‘›‡†‘‹‰Š–•Š‹ˆ–•
‘”ˆ‘—†’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰†ƒ‰‡”‘—•ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡›ˆ‘—†•—’’‘”–‹‰‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ–ˆ‘”…‡†Žƒ„‘”‹•—–‹Ž‹œ‡†‹
ƒ˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆˆ‘”•‹•‘‡…ƒ•‡•ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›•‡‹Ǧ‡•Žƒ˜‡‡–‘ˆ™‘”‡”•‹ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰’Žƒ–•ƒ†–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ
†‡„–„‘†ƒ‰‡Žƒ„‘”Ǥ
Š‡ǯ•ˆ”‡‡†‘‘ˆƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹˜‡„ƒ”‰ƒ‹‹‰‹•’”‘„Ž‡ƒ–‹…‹Š‹ƒǤŠ‡‘Ž›–”ƒ†‡—‹‘
ƒ……‡’–‡†„›–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•‹•–Š‡•–ƒ–‡Ǧ…‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†ŽŽǦŠ‹ƒ‡†‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ†‡‹‘•ȋȌǤ’Ž‘›‡–
•‡…—”‹–› ‹• Ž‘™ǡ •‹…‡ Ž‹‹–‡†Ǧ–‡” …‘–”ƒ…–• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ •–ƒ†ƒ”† ƒ† †‹•‹••ƒŽ ‘ˆ ™‘”‡”• ™‹–Š‘—– ‘–‹…‡ …‘—Ž†
Šƒ’’‡ƒ–ƒ›–‹‡Ǥ‘…‹ƒŽ•‡…—”‹–›‹•”‡“—‹”‡†„›Žƒ™ǡ„—–ƒ‰ƒ‹†‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž–‹‡•‡š‹•–‹–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘–Š‡”‡‘ˆǤ
‡Žƒ›‹‰‘ˆ™ƒ‰‡’ƒ›‡–•‹‘”†‡”–‘†‡–‡”‡’Ž‘›‡‡•ˆ”‘“—‹––‹‰’”‡ƒ–—”‡Ž›‹•…‘‘’”ƒ…–‹…‡ǡƒ•‹•†ƒ‹Ž›
™‘”‹‰Š‘—”•‘ˆͳͲ–‘ͳͶŠ‘—”•ƒ†˜‡”›Ž‹‹–‡†–‹‡ˆ‘”Š‘Ž‹†ƒ›•ǤŠ‡Š‘Ž†‹‰‘ˆ™ƒ‰‡•„‡Ž‘™–Š‡•–ƒ–—–‘”›
‹‹—„›…Šƒ”‰‹‰†‹•’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽŽ›Š‹‰Šƒ‘—–•ˆ‘”„‘ƒ”†‹‰ƒ†Ž‘†‰‹‰‘”‡•—”‹‰–Šƒ–‹‹—™ƒ‰‡
Ž‡˜‡Ž•…ƒ‘Ž›„‡‡ƒ”‡†„›™‘”‹‰‘˜‡”–‹‡‹•ƒŽ•‘™‡ŽŽ‡˜‹†‡…‡†Ǥ
™‘‡šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ•’‡…‹ϐ‹……‘’ƒ‹‡•„—‹Ž†‹‰Žƒ’–‘’…‘’‘‡–•‹ƒ•–•‹ƒƒ”‡ƒ†›‹šǤŠ‡ƒ•—‰
Ž‡…–”‘‹…•Š‹Ž•Ǥˆ‰‘”’ȋȌǡ‹•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆƒƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”‘ˆ‘’–‹…ƒŽ†‹•†”‹˜‡•ȋȌ„ƒ•‡†‹–Š‡
Š‹Ž‹’’‹‡•ǤŠ‡›Šƒ˜‡ƒ…Ž‡ƒ”˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ„‡‹‰–Š‡‡ƒ†‡”‹–Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ‘”Ž†ǡƒ††‡˜‘–‡–Š‡‹””‡•‘—”…‡•ǡ
’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ†–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡ–‘…”‡ƒ–‡•—’‡”‹‘”’”‘†—…–•ƒ†•‡”˜‹…‡•–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ…”‡ƒ–‡ƒ„‡––‡”‰Ž‘„ƒŽ•‘…‹‡–›ȋŠ––’ǣȀȀ
™™™Ǥ•ƒ•—‰Ǥ…‘Ȁ—•ȀȌǤ ‡•‡ƒ”…Š „› ”‡‡‡Ž–ƒ ‘–‡• –Šƒ– ‹ –Š‡‹” ’”‘†—…–‹‘ ‘ˆ •ǡ Ž‘™ ™ƒ‰‡•ǡ Ž‘‰
™‘”‹‰Š‘—”•ƒ†™‡ƒ…‘”’‘”ƒ–‡•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›…ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†ȋ”ƒœ‡Ƭ‹”‘–ŠǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ
›‹šǡ–Š‡™‘”Ž†ǯ••‡…‘†Ǧ„‹‰‰‡•–’”‘†—…‡”‘ˆ†›ƒ‹…ǡŠƒ•’Žƒ–•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†‹Š‹ƒǤ‘‘‹‰ƒ––Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ
‹’ƒ…–•‹–Š‡‹”’”‘†—…–‹‘’”‘…‡••ǡ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š•Š‘™•–Šƒ––”ƒ†‡—‹‘•†‘‡š‹•–ǡ„—–™‹–Š•‘‡”‡•–”‹…–‹‘•ǡˆƒ‹”
•ƒŽƒ”‹‡• ƒ† ‘†‡”ƒ–‡ ™‘”‹‰ –‹‡• ƒ”‡ ’”‡˜ƒŽ‡–ǡ ƒ† ‘ …ƒ•‡• ‘ˆ †‹•…”‹‹ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ”‡’‘”–‡†ǡ –Š‡
•Šƒ”‡ ‘ˆ ™‘‡ ™‘”‹‰ „‡‹‰ ͶͻǤ͸ ’‡”…‡–Ǥ ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘ †‘‡• ‡š‹•–ǡ „—– –Š‡”‡ ‹• ’”‡•‡…‡ ‘ˆ ƒ
˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽƒƒ‰‡‡–›•–‡ƒ–›‹šȋ”ƒœ‡Ƭ‹”‘–ŠǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ
†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ…‘’ƒ‹‡•ǯ‡ˆˆ‘”–•ƒ†…‘‹–‡–•Šƒ˜‡„‡…‘‡‘”‡‡˜‹†‡–•‹…‡‘”’‘”ƒ–‡‘…‹ƒŽ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›
‹• ‘ Ž‘‰‡” …‘•‹†‡”‡† ƒ ‡š…‡’–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ”—Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ”‡’‘”–• ‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹••—‡• ‹ –Š‡ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹
ˆ”‘‘–‘Ž›
•„—–ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘”Ǧ’”‘ϐ‹–…‘’ƒ‹‡•Šƒ•‹…”‡ƒ•‡†Ǥ‡š––‘–Š‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡†–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡…›ǡ™‹ŽŽ‹‰‡••
–‘…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‡‹•ƒ‘–Š‡”˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡‹’”‘˜‡‡–Ǥ‘’ƒ‹‡••—…Šƒ•ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡‹”͹ͲͲ’”‘†—…–‹‘•—’’Ž‹‡”•ǡ–”›
–‘ ”ƒ‹•‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ •–ƒ†ƒ”†• ‹ –Š‡‹” ‡–‹”‡ •—’’Ž› …Šƒ‹Ǥ  ʹͲͲ͵ǡ ™ƒ• –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•
…‘’ƒ› –‘ ’—„Ž‹•Š ƒ ‘…‹ƒŽ ƒ† ˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› —’’Ž‹‡” ‘†‡ ‘ˆ ‘†—…–Ǥ Š‡› Žƒ—…Š‡† ƒ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
SOCIAL SCOPING REPORT | LAPTOP COMPUTER
63
ANNEX II.
’”‘‰”ƒ‘ˆ”‡’‘”–‹‰•’‡…‹ϐ‹…‡›’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡‹†‹…ƒ–‘”•–‘Š‡Ž’‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ†–ƒ…Ž‡–Š‡™‘”•–…ƒ•‡•‘ˆ‡š…‡••‹˜‡
™‘”‹‰ Š‘—”• ‹ Š‹ƒ ȋ Ž‘„ƒŽ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’ ‡„•‹–‡ǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ ˆ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ …‘†‡• ‘ˆ …‘†—…–ƒ”‡‘–ƒŽ™ƒ›•
‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ ƒ– ƒ˜‘‹†‹‰ ™‘”‡” ”‹‰Š– ˜‹‘Žƒ–‹‘• ȋ”ƒœ‡ Ƭ ‹”‘–Šǡ ʹͲͳͲȌǤ ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ ™‘”‹‰ …‘†‹–‹‘• ‹ •ƒŽŽ‡”
Ž‘…ƒŽϐ‹”•–‡†–‘„‡™‘”•‡–Šƒ‹—Ž–‹ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•†—‡–‘Ž‡•••–ƒ–‡•—’‡”˜‹•‹‘ƒ†
ƒ––‡–‹‘Ǥ–‹ŽŽǡ•‹…‡
–Š‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‹‰ ’Žƒ–• ƒ”‡ …Ž—•–‡”‡† ƒ† ™‹–Š ‘”‡ ‘” Ž‡•• –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ™‘”‹‰ …‘†‹–‹‘•ǡ …‘‹–‡–• ‘ˆ
–Š‡•‡ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡”•…‘—Ž†‰‡‡”ƒ–‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•ˆ‘”‘–Š‡”„”ƒ†•ǯƒ†’”‘†—…–•ǯ•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡…›…Ž‡ƒ••‡••‡–
ȋƒŠƒ”–Ƭ
”‹‡ȾŠƒ‡”ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ
”ƒ•’‘”–
Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹’ƒ…–•‹–Š‡–”ƒ•’‘”–•‡…–‘”˜ƒ”›‰”‡ƒ–Ž›ˆ‘”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•—„Ǧ•‡…–‘”•ǡ™Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‹Ǧ•–ƒ…‡ǡ•Š‹’’‹‰Šƒ•
‹’ƒ…–•‘Ž‘…ƒŽ…‘—‹–‹‡•‹ƒ†ƒ”‘—†’‘”–ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–‹‡•ƒ†‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Žƒ„‘”’”ƒ…–‹…‡•ƒ›„‡ˆ‘—†Ǥ‘””‘ƒ†
–”ƒ•’‘”–ǡ–Š‡‹’ƒ…–•ȋ‘‹•‡ǡ–”ƒˆϐ‹…Œƒ•ǡƒ……‹†‡–•ǡƒ‹”’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘Ȍƒ……‘—–ˆ‘”ƒ•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡
•‘…‹ƒŽ ‡ˆˆ‡…–•Ǥ  –Š‡ –”—…‹‰ •—„Ǧ•‡…–‘”ǡ –Š‡ ƒš‹— ’‡”‹––‡† ™‘”‹‰ Š‘—”• ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ–‡ ‡š…‡‡†‡† ƒ† –Š‡
ƒ‹”ˆ”‡‹‰Š–•‡…–‘”Šƒ•ƒŒ‘”‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘–Š‡‡˜‹”‘‡–ȋƒŠƒ”–Ƭ
”‹‡ȾŠƒ‡”ǡʹͲͲ͸ȌǤ
‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– …‘‘ ‡–Š‘†• ˆ‘” –”ƒ•’‘”–‹‰ Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ‘—–• ‘ˆ ’”‘†—…–• ‘˜‡”•‡ƒ• ˆ‘” …‘’ƒ‹‡• ‹•
˜‹ƒ …‘–”ƒ…–‡† ‘…‡ƒ ˆ”‡‹‰Š–‹‰ ˜‡••‡Ž•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ˆ”‡‹‰Š– •Š‹’• …‘‘Ž› ‘’‡”ƒ–‡ ‹Ǧ†‡’‡†‡–Ž› ˆ”‘ –Š‡ „”ƒ†
‘™‡”•Ǥ‘‡…‘’ƒ‹‡•ƒ†‹––Šƒ–•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹”…ƒ”‰‘ˆ”‘•‹ƒƒ–‹‘•‹•–”ƒ•’‘”–‡†˜‹ƒƒ‹”ˆ”‡‹‰Š–”ƒ–Š‡”
–Šƒ–Š”‘—‰Š‘…‡ƒ–”ƒ•’‘”–Ǥ
‘‡•Š‹’’‹‰”‘—–‡•…”‘••–Š‡ƒ…‹ϐ‹……‡ƒˆ”‘‘‰‘‰–‘ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǤ‡‡•–‹ƒ–‡‹•–Šƒ–‹––ƒ‡•ƒ„‘—–ͳͶ
†ƒ›•ˆ‘”ƒ‘…‡ƒˆ”‡‹‰Š–‡”–‘ƒ‡–Š‹•Œ‘—”‡›ͳǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Šƒ‘–Š‡”‡•–‹ƒ–‡’—–•–Š‡–‹‡ˆ”ƒ‡„‡–™‡‡ˆ‘—”
ƒ†ϐ‹˜‡™‡‡•Ǥ”‘ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒǡ’”‘†—…–•ƒ”‡–Š‡†‹•–”‹„—–‡†„›ƒ‹”ǡ–”ƒ‹ǡƒ†–”—…Ǥ‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡•–•Š‹’’‹‰
…‘’ƒ‹‡•‹–Š‡™‘”Ž†ǡŠ‹ƒ…‡ƒŠ‹’’‹‰ȋ
”‘—’Ȍ‘’ƒ›ȋȌ‹•—•‡†‹–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…‹†—•–”›Ǥ
†‘ˆ‹ˆ‡
ƒ’–‘’•…‘–ƒ‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ–‘š‹…ƒ†Šƒœƒ”†‘—••—„•–ƒ…‡•ǡ™Š‹…Šǡ‹ˆ‘–’”‘’‡”Ž›’”‘…‡••‡†ǡ”‡…›…Ž‡†ƒ††‹•’‘•‡†ǡ
Ž‡ƒ†–‘•‡˜‡”‡Š‡ƒŽ–ŠŠƒœƒ”†•ˆ‘”–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡†‹”‡…–Ž›‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹’”‘…‡••‹‰ǡˆ‘”Ž‘…ƒŽ…‘—‹–‹‡•ƒ†ˆ‘”•‘…‹‡–›
ƒ•ƒ™Š‘Ž‡Ǥ‘…‹ƒŽ‹••—‡•ƒ”‡•‡˜‡”‡‹–Š‡‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡•‡…–‘”Ǥ‘”–—ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ•‘Ž—–‹‘•ˆ‘”•‘—††‹•’‘•ƒŽƒ†”‡…›…Ž‹‰
‡ƒ•—”‡•–ƒ‹‰‹–‘ƒ……‘—–Š‡ƒŽ–Šƒ†•ƒˆ‡–›ƒ”‡‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž›ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡Ǥ„Œ‡…–‹˜‡•ƒ”‡–‘–”‡ƒ––Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡…Šƒ‹
‘ˆ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡Š‘Ž‹•–‹…ƒŽŽ›ȋ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ǡ•‘”–‹‰ƒ††‹•ƒ–Ž‹‰ƒ†‡†Ǧ’”‘…‡••‹‰Ȍƒ†‹ƒ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽŽ›•‘—†
ƒ‡”ǡ –‘ ”‡…‘˜‡” ˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡ ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ƒš‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –‘ …”‡ƒ–‡ ‡…‘Ǧ‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡– ƒ† •—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡ ’”ƒ…–‹…‡• ƒ† …‘•‹†‡”
•‘…‹ƒŽ‹’ƒ…–‹–Š‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽƒ†Ž‘…ƒŽ…‘–‡š–Ǥȋ…ŠŽ—‡’‡–ǤƒŽǡʹͲͲͻȌǤ
Š‡ ‡•–‹ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– Ž‡•• –Šƒ ƒ “—ƒ”–‡” ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ ‹• ”‡—•‡† ‘” ”‡…›…Ž‡†Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•– ‹• †—’‡† ‹ ˜ƒ”‹‘—•
Žƒ†ϐ‹ŽŽ• –Š”‘—‰Š‘—– –Š‡ ǤǤ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǤǤ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… ™ƒ•–‡ ‰‡–• ‡š’‘”–‡†ǡ ™Š‹…Š …ƒ Ž‡ƒ† –‘ ‰”‡ƒ–‡” Š‡ƒŽ–Š
ƒ† ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ ‡ˆˆ‡…–• ‹ …‘—–”‹‡• –Šƒ– †‘ ‘– Šƒ˜‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‘”› •›•–‡• ‹ ’Žƒ…‡ –‘ ’”‘’‡”Ž› ƒƒ‰‡ –Š‹•
†ƒ‰‡”‘—•™ƒ•–‡Ǥ—””‡–Ž›–Š‡ǤǤ†‘‡•‘–Šƒ˜‡ƒ…‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡’Žƒˆ‘””‡…›…Ž‹‰‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡
”‡ƒ•‘•™Š›—…Š‘ˆ–Š‹•™ƒ•–‡‡†•—’‹Ž‘…ƒŽŽƒ†ϐ‹ŽŽ•Ǥ‘•—‡”•™Š‘”‡…›…Ž‡–Š‡‹”‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•™‹ŽŽϐ‹†–Šƒ–
–Š‡›ƒ”‡…‘ˆ”‘–‡†™‹–Šƒ•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–ˆ‡‡ˆ”‘–Š‡”‡…›…Ž‡”ǤŠ‹•‹•„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…”‡…›…Ž‡”ǯ•…‘•–•‡š…‡‡†
–Š‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ‘‡›–Šƒ––Š‡›™‹ŽŽƒ‡ˆ”‘•‡ŽŽ‹‰–Š‡—•‡†’ƒ”–•‘””‡ˆ—”„‹•Š‡†—‹–•Ǥ‘•–…‘•—‡”•–ƒ‡
–Š‡‹”—•‡†‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•–‘–Š‡Ž‘…ƒŽŽƒ†ϐ‹ŽŽ™Š‡”‡‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡†‹•’‘•ƒŽ‹•—…Š…Š‡ƒ’‡”Ǥȋ
‘˜Ǥ……Ǥˆϐ‹…‡ǡʹͲͳͲȌ
1
http://factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=
350&catid=9&subcatid=62
Ž‡…–”‘‹…™ƒ•–‡‹•—•—ƒŽŽ›‹…‹‡”ƒ–‡†”‡Ž‡ƒ•‹‰Š‡ƒ˜›‡–ƒŽ••—…Šƒ•Ž‡ƒ†ǡ…ƒ†‹—ƒ†‡”…—”›‹–‘–Š‡ƒ‹”Ǥ
Š‡–Š‹•ƒ•Š‰‡–•‹–‘–Š‡™ƒ–‡”™ƒ›•ƒ†‹•ƒ„•‘”„‡†„›ϐ‹•Šǡ–Š‘•‡–‘š‹…‡–ƒŽ•ǡŽ‹‡‡”…—”›ǡ‡†—’‹‘—”
ˆ‘‘† …Šƒ‹ ™Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† …‘•—‡ –Š‡ ϐ‹•ŠǤ ‡—•‡ ‘ˆ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…• ‹ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ …‘—–”‹‡• ‹• ƒ
‰”‡ƒ–™ƒ›–‘‡š’ƒ†–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡‘ˆƒ’”‘†—…–ǡ„—–„‡…ƒ—•‡–Šƒ–•‡…‘†Ž‹ˆ‡‹•—•—ƒŽŽ›˜‡”›•Š‘”––Š‡†‹•’‘•ƒŽ‘ˆ–Šƒ–
’”‘†—…– „‡…‘‡• ƒ ’”‘„Ž‡ǡ ‡†‹‰ —’ ‹ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–‹‡• –Šƒ– †‘ ‘– Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ‡ƒ• –‘ ’”‘’‡”Ž› Šƒ†Ž‡ Šƒœƒ”†‘—•
™ƒ•–‡Ǥ‡…›…Ž‹‰…ƒ„‡Šƒœƒ”†‘—•–‘™‘”‡”•Šƒ†Ž‹‰–Š‡ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ„—–‹•‘•–Ž›ƒ…‘…‡”‹…‘—–”‹‡•™Š‡”‡
–Š‡’”‘’‡”ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡‘–‹’Žƒ…‡–‘’”‡˜‡––Š‡‡•…ƒ’‡‘ˆ–‘š‹…ˆ—‡•ˆ”‘‹…‹‡”ƒ–‹‘‹–‘–Š‡…‘—‹–›Ǥ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
SOCIAL SCOPING REPORT | LAPTOP COMPUTER
64
ANNEX II.
•–—†›‘•—•–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–‹
Šƒƒǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ•Š‘™•–Šƒ–‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡’‡‘’Ž‡‡’Ž‘›‡†‹
–Š‡‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡”‡…›…Ž‹‰•‡…–‘”Ž‹˜‡‹‡š–”‡‡’‘˜‡”–›†—‡–‘˜‡”›Ž‘™‹…‘‡•Ǥ’Ž‘›‡–‹–Š‹••‡…–‘”‹˜‘Ž˜‡•
‡š’‘•—”‡–‘”‹‰‘”‘—•ƒ†‹•‡…—”‡™‘”‹‰…‘†‹–‹‘•ƒ†•‡˜‡”‡Š‡ƒŽ–ŠŠƒœƒ”†•ǤŠ‹Ž†”‡ƒ•›‘—‰ƒ•ͷ›‡ƒ”•
‘Ž†™‡”‡‘„•‡”˜‡†–‘„‡‹˜‘Ž˜‡†ǡ™‘”‹‰Š‘—”•ƒ”‡‡š…‡••‹˜‡ǡ•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡…—”‹–›‘Ǧ‡š‹•–‡–ƒ†–Š‡–—”‘˜‡””ƒ–‡
˜‡”›Š‹‰Š†—‡–‘‡’Ž‘›‡–‹•‡…—”‹–›ǡŽ‘™‹…‘‡•ǡ”‹‰‘”‘—•™‘”‹‰…‘†‹–‹‘•ƒ†Š‡ƒŽ–ŠŠƒœƒ”†•ȋ…ŠŽ—‡’
‡–ǤƒŽǡʹͲͲͻȌǤ
Š‡Šƒ•‡š’”‡••‡†‡š–”‡‡…‘…‡”ˆ‘”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰…‘—–”‹‡•™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘Œ‡…–‡†‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡–Šƒ–
–Š‡›™‹ŽŽ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡‘˜‡”–Š‡‡š–ͳͲ›‡ƒ”•ǤŠ‡‹””‡’‘”–••Š‘™–Šƒ–‘—–Šˆ”‹…ƒƒ†Š‹ƒ™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡ƒʹͲͲ–‘
ͶͲͲΨ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹…‘’—–‡”‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ƒŽ‘‡ˆ”‘ʹͲͲ͹–‘ʹͲʹͲƒ††‹ƒ…ƒ‡š’‡…–ƒͷͲͲΨ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹™ƒ•–‡Ǥ
…‘—–”‹‡•Ž‹‡Š‹ƒ’‡‘’Ž‡‹–Š‡‹”„ƒ…›ƒ”†•ǡ‡š–”ƒ…–‹‰˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡‡–ƒŽ•ǡƒ”‡’”‘…‡••‹‰‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡„—––Š‹•’”‘…‡••
‹••‡†‹‰…‘•–ƒ–…Ž‘—†•‘ˆ–‘š‹…’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘‹–‘–Š‡ƒ‹”ƒ•–Š‡’”‘†—…–•ƒ”‡‹…‹‡”ƒ–‡†ǤȋǡʹͲͳͲȌ
Ǧ™ƒ•–‡‡š’‘”–Šƒ•„‡‡ƒ’”‘„Ž‡‹–Š‡ǤǤ„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–Šƒ•‘–”ƒ–‹ϐ‹‡†–Š‡ƒ•‡Ž‘˜‡–‹‘„—–”‡…‡–•–‡’•
Šƒ˜‡„‡‡–ƒ‡–‘•–ƒ”–…‘„ƒ–‹‰–Š‹•…‘…‡”Ǥȋ
”‡‡’‡ƒ…‡ǡʹͲͲͷȌ
Š‡ Šƒ• ”‡…‡–Ž› „‡‰— –‘ ’—•Š ˆ‘” ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…• ”‡…›…Ž‡”• –‘ „‡…‘‡ …‡”–‹ϐ‹‡† ‹ ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ”‡…›…Ž‹‰
•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ƒ†‹•‡…‘—”ƒ‰‹‰…‘•—‡”•–‘…Š‘‘•‡”‡…›…Ž‡”•–Šƒ–†‹•’Žƒ›–Š‹•…‡”–‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘’‡”†‹•’‘•ƒŽ
‘ˆ–Š‡‹”—•‡†‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ǤȋǡʹͲͳͲȌŠ‹•’”‘‰”ƒ‹•…ƒŽŽ‡†–Š‡ƒ•‡Ž…–‹‘‡–™‘”ǡƒ‘Ǧ’”‘ϐ‹––Šƒ–‹•„ƒ•‡†
‹‡ƒ––Ž‡ǤŠ‡…‡”–‹ϐ‹‡†”‡…›…Ž‡”•„‡…‘‡‘™ƒ•‡–‡™ƒ”†”‡…›…Ž‡”•ƒ†’”‘‹•‡‘––‘†—’ǤǤ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•
‹’‘‘”‘˜‡”•‡ƒ•…‘—–”‹‡•‘”‹ǤǤŽƒ†ϐ‹ŽŽ•ǤŠ‡ƒ•‡Ž…–‹‘‡–™‘”Šƒ•…—””‡–Ž›…‡”–‹ϐ‹‡†–Š”‡‡”‡…›…Ž‡”•
ƒ†•‡˜‡•‹–‡•ȋ…Š‹–ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ
–Š‡ǤǤ–Š‡”‡ƒŽ•‘Šƒ•„‡‡ƒ”‡…‡–•—”‰‡™‹–Š‹–Š‡•–ƒ–‡•–‘–ƒ‡ƒ…–‹‘—’‘–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•‹”‡•’‘•‡–‘–Š‡
’”‘„Ž‡‘ˆ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ǤŠ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…ƒ‡ƒ…‘ƒŽ‹–‹‘…—””‡–Ž›•Š‘™•–Šƒ–DzʹͶ•–ƒ–‡•Šƒ˜‡’ƒ••‡†Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘
ƒ†ƒ–‹‰•–ƒ–‡™‹†‡‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡”‡…›…Ž‹‰dzǤ‹š‘”‡•–ƒ–‡•Šƒ˜‡‹–”‘†—…‡†Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘‘‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡”‡…›…Ž‹‰‹ʹͲͳͲ
ƒ†ƒ”‡‹–Š‡’”‘…‡••‘ˆ”‡ϐ‹‹‰–Š‡‹”’”‘‰”ƒ•Ǥ˜‡”›•–ƒ–‡‡š…‡’–ˆ‘”ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”‹ƒ—•‡•–Š‡”‘†—…‡”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›
•›•–‡ǡ ™Š‹…Š ”‡“—‹”‡• –Š‡ ƒ—ˆƒ…–—”‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹… ’”‘†—…–• –‘ ’ƒ› ˆ‘” –Š‡‹” ”‡…›…Ž‹‰Ǥ ȋǡ ʹͲͳͳȌ
‡ƒŽ‹‰ ™‹–Š ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡ ‹ ƒ ‡–Š‹…ƒŽ ƒ‡” …ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒ–‡ †‡…‡– ‡’Ž‘›‡–ǡ ‹…‘‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• ƒ† ‘–Š‡”
’‘•‹–‹˜‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹’ƒ…–•Ǥ
––Š‡‹†—•–”›Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘‡…‘’ƒ‹‡•ƒ”‡’”‘ƒ…–‹˜‡Ž›ƒ††”‡••‹‰–Š‡‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡’”‘„Ž‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡’”‘†—…–
–Š‡›•ƒŽ‡Ǥ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǣ‡ŽŽ‘ˆˆ‡”•˜ƒ”‹‘—•”‡…›…Ž‹‰’”‘‰”ƒ•ˆ‘”„‘–Š„—•‹‡••‡•ƒ†‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǤʹͲͲͻǡ‡ŽŽ
™ƒ• –Š‡ ϐ‹”•– –‘ „ƒ –Š‡ —”‡‰—Žƒ–‡† †‹•’‘•ƒŽ ‘ˆ ‘Ǧ™‘”‹‰ ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…• –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ …‘—–”‹‡•Ǣ Š‡Ž’‹‰ –‘
’”‡˜‡–—ƒ—–Š‘”‹œ‡†‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡†—’‹‰ȋŠ––’ǣȀȀ…‘–‡–Ǥ†‡ŽŽǤ…‘Ȁ—•Ȁ‡Ȁ…‘”’Ȁ†Ȁ…‘”’Ǧ…‘Ȁ”‡ƒ•‘•Ǧ–‘Ǧ”‡…›…Ž‡Ǥ
ƒ•’šȌǤ™‘”‡†™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…•ƒ‡ƒ…‘ƒŽ‹–‹‘ȋȌƒ†–Š‡‡šƒ•ƒ’ƒ‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡˜‹”‘‡–
–‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ƒ …‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡ ’‘Ž‹…› ˆ‘” ƒ……‡’–‹‰ ƒ† ’”‘…‡••‹‰ ‡Ǧ™ƒ•–‡Ǥ …‘–‹—‡• –‘ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ ˜‘Ž—‡
‘ˆ ’”‘†—…–• ”‡…‘˜‡”‡† ˆ‘” ”‡—•‡ ƒ† ”‡…›…Ž‹‰ ƒ† ‡‰ƒ‰‡• ‹ …ƒ’ƒ…‹–› „—‹Ž†‹‰ ‹ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ …‘—–”‹‡•Ǥ Š‡‹”
‰‘ƒŽ‹•–‘”‡…‘˜‡”ʹ„‹ŽŽ‹‘’‘—†•‘ˆ‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…’”‘†—…–•ƒ†•—’’Ž‹‡•„›–Š‡‡†‘ˆʹͲͳͲǡ•‹…‡ͳͻͺ͹ȋ
Ž‘„ƒŽ
‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’”‡’‘”–ǡʹͲͲͻȌǤ’’Ž‡–ƒ‡•–Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š–‘”‡†—…‡–Š‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ–‘š‹…‡–ƒŽ•—•‡†‹–Š‡‹”’”‘†—…–•Ǥ
THE SUSTAINABILITY CONSORTIUM & NEW EARTH
SOCIAL SCOPING REPORT | LAPTOP COMPUTER
65
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© 2012 Arizona State University and University of Arkansas