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Glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis, biology and
Lynn Wagner Master student- Cell Biology Lecturer in Science ”Glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis, biology and evolution of saccharides (sugar chains or glycans) that are widely distributed in nature, and the proteins that recognize them”. – Essentials of Glycobiology, second edition Glycoproteins = saccharides attached to proteines Glycolipids = saccharides attached to lipids Glycome= the entire complex of sugars Glycomics= the study of glycomes Glycosylation= enzymic attachment of sugars Glycation= nonenzymic attachment of sugars Most proteins contain sugars Almost all plasma proteins except albumin Proteins of cellular membranes Some blood group substances Certain hormones Occur in most organisms Many viruses It is now established that saccharide chains encode biologic information Many studies have been conducted in an attempt to define the precise function of these sugars Structural molecules Transport molecules Regulation of development Immunologic molecules Cell recognition- cell-to-cell communication Until recently scientists believed that cell-to – cell communication was fasciliated through amino acids Amino acids can link only in two ways; A and B can link as, AB or BA Sugars or monosaccharides are ring structures which allows them to link with a virtually infinite variety of combinations Cells communicate via sugars Carbohydrates in Cell Recognition S scientific American Jan.’93, pgs. 82-89 About 200 monosaccharides are found in nature Only 8 found in the sugar chains of glycoporoteins From a scientific point of view, one of the most important medical text is found in.... Non-acetyl saccharides; Glucose Galactose Mannose Xylose Fucose N-acetyl saccharides N-acetyl glucosamine N-acetyl galactosamine N-acetyl neuraminic acid For a disease to develope there is definately a defect in the sugar code One letter is missing- the cellular alphabet is not complete The cells are unable to communicate properlywhich means that the glycosylation is incomplete Infection Cancer Other conditions Prior to 1965 there were no papers discussing nutritional carbohydrates or glyconutrients Since 1965 over 20.000 papers have been written on glyconutrients The pharmaceutical companies have spent countless millions researching individual synthetic saccharides- but failed Glyconutrients have been discussed recently in a number of publications ”Glucose only theory”- your body converts glucose via enzymes into all of the necessary sugars The Journal of Pediatrics, Nov.1998 Dr. Freeze wrote that human ingestion studies show that mannose is readily absorbed and incorporated into glycoproteins via an active independent pathway. Made the glucose only theory suspicious In December 1998 a radio labeling studyScientists tagged galactose, mannose, and glucose The study showed that galactose and mannose were directly incorporated into human glycoprotein without first being broken down into glucose. Several other studies demonstrated that Glyconutrients could represent a new class of nutrients Are nutrients naturally available in our diet? Nothing is better than getting your nutrients through your food Unfortunately studies conclude that our diet is poor in nutrients An argument against supplement use is that many of the formulations on the market have no clinical studies to support their claims This is not true for glyconutrients Absolutely essential for normal cellular process Cellular immunity Recognition and respons Antibody function Signaling and recruitment First reported in 1980 Eight are now recognized Range of clinical outcomes include death Vast majority go undiagnosed Contribute to many unexplained illnesses , including SIDS (crib death) Glyconutritionals including mannose, fucose and glucose, have been documented to be therapeutic and even lifesaving -RSM Conference, Glycobiology &Medicine, 2000 From scientific data thus far; Asthma Allergies Bronchial anaphylaxis Various inflammations Infections Cases of cancer Glyconutrients can improve both the odds of recovery and the quality of life in cancer patients Glyconutrients also enhance standard chemotheraphy and radiation and ease their side effects Several glyconutrients have been tested on sarcomas with promising results The largest white blood cells in the body Analyze and ingest pathogens Perform vital regulatory functions Specialized in the affairs of the surrounding tissue, checking on the health of its cells Glyconutrients boost the rate, speed, magnitude, and precision of macrophage function Increased ability to identify and destroy tumor cells, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses VIDEOANIMATION..... Only glucose and galactose are present in large amounts in the modren diet All eight can be found in nature ; Fungi Human breast milk Certain fruits and vegetables Roots Plants Aloe Vera Supplements (only one with all eight) This presentation belongs to Lynn Wagner /Friskere Celler. No part of this presentation may be reproduced without permission. Contact information; www.friskereceller.no [email protected] Tlf; 0047- 95845550 Facebook; friskere celler Mannatechscience.org Harper`s Illustrated Biochemistry; Essentials of Glycobiology; Edited by Ajit Varki, Richard Cummings, How to Survive on a Toxic Planet; Steve Nugent The Science Behind Aloe; the Healing Plant; Bill Mc.Anally Robert K. Murray, David A Bender, Kathleen M. Botham, Peter J. Kennelly, Victor W. Rodwell, P. Anthony Weil Jeffrey Esko, Hudson Freeze, Gerald Hart, and Jamey Marth. Miracle Sugars: The Glyconutrient Link to Disease Prevention and Improved Health; Rita Elkins Sugars That Heal: The New Healing Science of Glyconutrients; Emil I. Mondoa
