Namaste Konnichiwa

Transcription

Namaste Konnichiwa

Konnichiwa
Namaste
Namaste

Namaste means Konnichiwa

Namaste is a method of greeting in India.

In daily life, Namaste stands for hello,
good morning, good evening, good night
etc.-
Namaste
Can you say
Namaste
to me……………?!
About me…
My name is Rajeev.
I am an Indian citizen.
I did my studies in India.
The meaning of my name !

In Sanskrit, Rajeevam
means lotus.

Sanskrit is one of the oldest
languages in India and in the
world.

Lotus is the national flower

Lotus shaped eye is a

Lotus is related to Hindu
religion.
of India.
beauty concept in India!!
(I am not beautiful /)
About me…
I live in this part of India, called Kerala
Tea plantation
Dance
This is not a statue, this is a human being!!
Boat in a lake
My place in India, called Kerala-in South India
Martial art similar to Karate, but with weapons
Festival in a temple
Festival in a temple
Elephants!!
You can see elephants even on roadside!
My studies
School – (10 years – from class 1 to class 10)

English
Three language system
Hindi
Malayalam
Mathematics
Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)
History and Geography
My studies
College

Pre-Degree:

(3 years-graduate level).
Polymer Technology (3 years-graduate level). (3 years-graduate level).
Master of Technology Degree:

English, Hindi,
Chemistry (Main),
Physics and Mathematics (subsidiary)
Bachelor of Technology Degree:

(2 years-undergraduate level).
Degree in Science:

English, Hindi,
Physcis, Chemistry, Biology,
Mathematics
Polymer Technology (1 1/2 years).
PhD:

Polymer Technology
(11/2 years-masters level).
(Approximately 4 years).
India and Japan
India and Japan
Area - 3,287,890 sq.km.
Population – 1095 million
Birth rate – 22.01 births/1000 people
Area - 377,835 sq.km
Population – 127 million
Birth rate - 9.37 births/1000 people
Education
Literacy - Total 59.5%
(male-70.2%; female-48.3%)
Literacy - Total 99.0%
(male-99.0%; female-99.0%)
Number of Universities ~330
Number of Universities ~ 720
Languages

24 Official languages in India-including English.
Total ~800 languages.
Hindi is the
national language.
My mother tongue is
Malayalam
Kannada
Tamil
Telugu
Indian Culture

Ohm-symbol of Hinduism
Different parts-different culture
India has been the birth place of many
major religious systems such as
Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and
Jainism.
So many languages!
Famous Indian epics: Ramayanam and
Mahabharatham.
Vedas – Actual period of origin is not
exactly known-believed to be
originated even before 5000 BC
Indian culture-dance forms in India
Bharathanaatyam
Indian culture-dance forms in India
Bharathanaatyam
Indian culture – Indian wedding
Different parts of India, different customs!
In general, the parents will find out girl/boy.

Through friends, news paper advertisements, marriage agencies etc.
In most cases, caste and religion of both the families should match!
There is something called Horoscope matching also (matching of
birth stars!).
My marriage!!
Bride’s brother is receiving meby washing my legs!
I am giving an offering to my father-a mark of
respect
I am waiting for the bride to come
Bride is saying Namaste to everybody
I am knotting the tie-called “thaali” in our languagean important step in the marriage – Now she is
officially my wife
Ring exchange
Here we are…Rajeev and Supriya
Vegetarian feast……..
My father
Wife’s father
Our family
My mother
Wife’s mother
I have an elder brother and younger brother too; my wife is having a sister and a brother
India’s contributions to science and
technology

Mathematics – concept of Zero, decimal system, algebra,
square root and cube root.

Physics/chemistry – concept of atom.

Sports and games – Chess, ludo, snake & ladder, playing cards.

Yoga – exercise for both body and mind.

Medical science – Surgery
Ayurveda – Indian medicine

Mainly plants are used.
Slow curing-but effective with no side effects
Current science and technology research in India

Information technology.
Space science and technology.
Agriculture.
Polymer technology.
Biotechnology.
Materials Science.
Current science and technology research in India
Indian space program - milestones

Established in 1962.
First rocket launched in 1963.
First Indian satellite launched in 1975 (built in India and
launched from Soviet Union).
First successful satellite launching from India - 1980
Indo-Soviet manned space mission-first Indian in space1984.
Planning unmanned moon mission in 2007-2008
He is now the
president of India
-Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Indian space program
Rockets and satellites

Rockets are used to carry satellites and spacecrafts to space.

Rocket is something which moves in one direction due
to the effect of a reaction.

Rocket engine works based on Newton’s third law of motion –
“for every action, there will be an equal and opposite reaction”.
Rockets are used for what purpose?

To launch satellites, space shuttles etc. to space.

What is a satellite?
A satellite is any object that orbits another object.
Earth is a satellite of sun.

Types of satellites- astronomical satellites, communication satellites,
weather satellites etc.
Artificial satellite
revolving around earth
JAXA satellite Akebono
Image from a satellite
Examples of rocket

Balloons – when we inflate a balloon and
leave it in the air, the air molecules
inside the balloon will make the balloon to fly.
Hose of firefighters – firefighters are using very high
force to counter the pressure exerted by the flowing
water.
Types of rocket engines
Rocket fuel is
Called propellant

Like automobiles, rockets are also moving with the help of engines.

Mainly solid and liquid engines:

In solid rocket engine, the fuel is made up of solids.

In liquid rocket engine, the fuel is made up of liquids – they are not
exactly liquids; they are gases pressurized in liquid form for stability and
storage.
Solid rocket motor
Liquid rocket motor
Space shuttle

Space shuttle carries people to space.
It consists of – rocket motors, fuel tank and orbiter.
Orbiter carries the people.
Launching of a space shuttle
Oribiter
Different space shuttles of NASA, USA
Space shuttle Discovery - NASA
Discovery
International Space Station
Mission for 2005 launch –to deliver supplies to International Space Station
Space station – developed for humans to live in outer space for long time.
Space shuttles are used to carry humans to space station
Do you know this boy?
He is Soichi Noguchi, one of the crews of space
shuttle Discovery. He is an employee of JAXA.
What about becoming one like these people?!
Crew of space shuttle Discovery 2005 mission
宇宙飛行士
国際宇宙ステーショ
ン（ ISS ）の組み立
て、そして宇宙実験
など、実際に宇宙で
のさまざまな活動に
携わるのがこの「宇
宙飛行士」です。
日本では、現在ま
でに8人の宇宙飛
行士が誕生しまし
た。
毛利衛
向井千秋
土井隆雄
若田光一
野口聡一
古川聡
星出彰彦
角野直子
Space shuttle Columbia disaster

What happened?

While returning to earth, space shuttle
Columbia disintegrated into pieces killing all the
crews.
Space shuttle Columbia disaster

What is the reason?

During launch, a portion of the fuel tank foam insulation broke
off and hit the leading edge of the space shuttle damaging the
same. During return, hot gases (~1600° C) penetrated through
the damaged portion, weakening it and finally disintegrating it.
Broke off from here
Rocket
Fuel tank
Orbiter
Hit here and damaged
the structure
What is the leading edge of a space shuttle?
This is the leading edge of a space shuttle
It is made up of what?
It is made up of a material called
carbon-carbon composites
In space shuttle Columbia, the leading edge
of the space shuttle got damaged during
launching disintegrating it while returning
to earth from space.
Carbon-carbon composites

Composites – proper combination of two or more dissimilar materials to get a new
material which is having properties different from that of the original materials.

Wood is a composite of cellulose fibers held together by lignin.
Automobile tyre is a composite of rubber and fiber.
In general, for composites, we need a medium (can be a polymer) and a
reinforcement (can be a fiber).
Carbon-carbon composite is a combination of carbon fiber and a polymer in liquid
form called resin.
Carbon-polymer composites are further heated to prepare carbon-carbon composites
Applications of carbon composites
Why carbon-carbon composites are important?

Compared to steel, these composites have very low weight

Low weight is very important for spacecraft materials.
These composites have good mechanical and thermal properties at
high temperature.
But one problem-these composites will oxidize at high temperature
and start degrading, thereby lowering the performance.
Therefore we need to protect the composite from oxidation.
We will give a coating on the surface using materials having high
oxidation resistance.
External coating
Oxygen
Carbon carbon composite
Even with coating there is problem! /

On heating materials will expand.
In carbon-carbon composites, the expansion of coating
may not match with expansion of the composite.
In that case, there will be stresses generated in the
composite.
This is not good!
Coating
My research in JAXA

How can we improve the oxidation resistance of carboncarbon composites by minimizing problems associated
with thermal expansion mismatch?
Coating
Instead of doing something after preparing the composite, why can’t we do something
in the beginning itself…………!
…………….Like doing something on the polymer……….Adding some good nanomaterials…
This is what I am doing in JAXA
How I made the composite?

Not very complicated!
Cut the carbon fabric in 140mm x 140mm dimension.
Brush the fabric with the polymer.
Take another sheet and brush the polymer again.
In this way, make 40 layers of fabric, all brushed with polymer and
keep them one above the other in a metal plate called mold.
Heat it slowly under pressure. Upon heating, the polymer will
solidify.
Finally we will get a strong composite.
Why am I interested in polymers and
composites?
Because, they are there everywhere!!
Polymers and composites are there
everywhere!!
Polystyrene
Polycarbonate
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
Different rubbers
Polyethylene
terephthalate
Chopstick is made of wood –
which is a natural composite of
cellulose and lignin.
Zip Lock is made of a
polymer, polyethylene
Polymers in a food court…
Starch is a polymer of
sugar
Protein is a polymer - polyamide
Polystyrene foam
Mono means “one”; poly means “many”;
mer means “segments” or “units”.
Therefore polymer is “many units” of
monomer
Ethylene – gas;
Flammable
United we stand,
divided we fall
Polymers Are Like TV: Both Have
Lots and Lots of Repeats
PolyEthylene – solid
and strong
Different types of polymers

Rubber is a polymer. It is elastic.

Plastic is a polymer. It is stronger than rubber with low elongation.

Many fibers are polymers. Fibers are very strong.

We can make same material a rubber or a plastic. Just heat it or
cool it!

If a rubber is cooled well below room temperature, it will become a
very hard plastic (though it may not find much applications).

Some plastics, if we heat above room temperature, it will show
properties of rubber.

But this behavior depends on lots of other factors too-including
chemical structure and composition.
How a green tea bottle is made

Green tea bottle is made using a polymer called polyethylene terephthalate
(PET).

It is made by the processes called injection molding and blow molding.
Heating
Injection molding
Heat
Air
Blow
molding
Some plastics, on heating will melt and flow.
On cooling, they will solidify and will become strong.
They can again be melted. That is why some plastic
are recyclable.
How an automobile tire is made

It is a bit complex process.
Making of a tire is called tire construction because it
involves a number of steps.
Tire is made of rubber because of the many advantages
of rubber over plastics, for example, elasticity.
What is inside a tire
Tire
Cut a portion
from the tire
TREAD:
TREAD: Made by using the polymer rubber
BELTS:
BELTS: Made by the steel, coated with the polymer rubber.
SIDEWALL:
SIDEWALL: made by using the polymer, rubber
BODY PLY:
PLY: made by using a polymer, nylon fabric and then coated with rubber.
rubber.
BEAD:
BEAD: Made by steel, then coated with rubber.
INNERLINER:
INNERLINER: Made by using rubber
Tire construction…
Tread
After assembling all the components in a drum,
We will get something like this…………..
Sidewall
Bead
Tire construction…
Tire mold
(Heat and pressure)
Tire mold
Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency
(JAXA)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Research on rockets
H-IIA rocket developed by JAXA
Research activities related to
International Space Station
People live here.
Earth
Space station – developed for humans to live in outer space for long time.
Space shuttles are used to carry humans to space station.
JAXAの新機軸
1
これまで培った技術を結集させ、
世界最高の信頼性を持つ宇宙輸送システムを実現させます。
2
宇宙技術を利用し、地球環境問題に貢献します。
3
人々が安心して暮らすことができ、
さらにその暮らしを豊かにする、生活に密着した宇宙技術を育成します。
4
世界最高水準の天文衛星観測と、月・惑星探査を推進し、
人類の知の資産拡大に貢献します。
5
国産ジェットエンジン技術の研究・実証を行い、
国産航空機開発に貢献します。
Some research activities in (JAXA)

JAXA is also doing research to collect samples from asteroids.

What is an asteroid?

An asteroid is a small, solid object in our Solar System, orbiting the
Sun.
Asteroids are small and have not changed much since the universe is
formed.
A soil sample from an asteroid can give us information about the
formation of the universe.

Therefore JAXA prepared a satellite called HAYABUSA
and sent to an asteroid called Itokawa.

It is a very complex research and very unique too.

The whole research is fully automatic.
Hayabusa project - JAXA

It will take 2 billion kilometers for HAYABUSA's to reach Itokawa and come
back.

Such a long journey requires a large amount of fuel. HAYABUSA uses ion
engine for propulsion-not solid or liquid fuel-first of its kind.

It is impossible for Hayabusa to land to Itokawa for long time. The contact
lasts only one second. During this brief contact, HAYABUSA will fire a 5gram metal ball to the surface of Itokawa, and collect pieces stirred up by
the impact.
Hayabusa project - JAXA
Hayabusa
Itokawa
Itokawa
Hayabusa was launched in 2003.
It has reached Itokawa by now.
JAXA-Research and development of next generation
supersonic transport

More comfortable and faster flights
Environmental friendliness with low noise and exhaust gas emission.
Economical
Safe and reliable
JAXA research

Research and development of aircrafts.
Clean engines.
Small airlines.
Research and development of aviation safety and environmental
compatibility.
Technology to prevent human error.
Unmanned aircrafts.
Better helicopters.
Improvement of flying quality of aircrafts.
Our research group in JAXA
Acknowledgements

I am thankful to JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)
for giving me an opportunity for this presentation at Tsuru High
School.
I am thankful to Dr. Y. Sato (my supervisor) for giving me the
permission for this presentation.
I am thankful to Dr. Takatoya for volunteering to accompany me to
Tsuru High School for the presentation and giving me all sorts of
help and support.
I am thankful to all the teachers of Tsuru High School, including Mr.
Sadayuki Saeki and Ms. Kaori Shimura for the help and support.
Finally I am thankful to all the students for their patient hearing.
Domo arigato
gozaimasu
Namaste