US Research - Investor Village
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US Research - Investor Village
U.S. Research Published by Raymond James & Associates December 14, 2015 Energy Industry Brief Darren Horowitz, (713) 278-5269, [email protected] Justin Jenkins, (713) 278-5258, [email protected] J.R. Weston, Res. Assoc., (713) 278-5276, [email protected] Rich Eychner, Res. Assoc., (713) 278-5230, [email protected] Energy: Energy Stat of the Week __________________________________________________________________________________ Energy Stat: I Thought I Owned a "Toll-Road" Entity: Is the Model Broken, and How Do You Value MLPs? Suffice it to say that it has been a very rough year for Master Limited Partnerships (MLPs). As the end of 2015 approaches, the Alerian MLP Index (AMZ/$254.15) is on track to meaningfully underperform the broader market, as well as its energy peer groups. Year-to-date, the AMZ is down 45.9%, which would be the group’s worst performance ever relative to the S&P (down 2.2% so far this year). Furthermore, this compares to declines of 45.6% and 24.2% in the traditionally more oil price-sensitive EPX and OSX indices (below, left), respectively – which is counter-intuitive given the fact that (in theory) the midstream space should outperform other energy industries during depressed commodity price environments. After all, midstream contracts are fee-based in nature, backing “toll-like” cash flow streams, right? In this week’s Stat, we attempt to 1) discuss what has driven the space’s underperformance relative to its energy peers during the down cycle, 2) outline the resilience of midstream assets and subsequently MLP cash flows, 3) address market concerns questioning whether or not the MLP business model is broken, 4) re-examine our approach to valuation, 5) discuss what we think about current valuation levels, and more importantly, 6) discuss when valuations will matter again – which we believe would result in a considerable recovery by the group. While we recognize some yield expansion is warranted given that current macro headwinds have moderated the growth outlook, the selloff is overdone. Despite short-term headwinds, we remain confident that over the longer term (12-24 months), midstream/MLPs will trade considerably higher than current levels. One-Year Indexed Performance AMZ S&P EPX OSX AMZ Yield 16.00% Highest AMZ yield since summer-09 (Lower 48 crude production averaged ~4.7 million bpd that summer - today we're still at ~8.6 million bpd even after ~500,000 bpd of declines) 125 12.00% 100 8.00% 75 4.00% Over TTM, AMZ underperforms S&P, E&P, OSX 50 Source: Bloombeg, Raymond James research 10-year Treasury yield averaged more than 3.5% in summer-'09 - today it's at 2.1% 0.00% Source: Alerian MLP Index, Raymond James Research If MLPs are backed by “toll-like” assets, then why is the AMZ down ~45% this year? Despite continuing to deliver solid cash flow results and dividend/distribution growth through the down cycle thus far, the prices of many MLPs have declined substantially over the past year (down ~45% YTD) in conjunction with the collapse in the price of oil. We support the notion that this bout of weakness has less to do with the degradation of cash flow across the space – although we acknowledge the fact that the depressed commodity price environment has impacted cash flows to an extent (particularly lower quality names with more commodity/volumetric exposure) – and is more about a number of external factors. As we outlined earlier this month, we believe that this performance has come on the heels of a combination of fundamental and technical headwinds (i.e., tax loss selling, fund redemptions, etc.) the most important of which being the “MLP death spiral.” It seems to us as if the negative sentiment regarding the energy sector (arriving with the collapse in oil) has led us into a perpetual “negative feedback loop” within the MLP space. As MLP equity prices are pressured, capital costs become inflated. This further pressures equity as investors become concerned with project financing risk and impaired rates of return on invested capital. Please read domestic and foreign disclosure/risk information beginning on page 9 and Analyst Certification on page 9. © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 Raymond James U.S. Research Is the midstream industry at serious risk? No – fee-based cash flow is largely stable despite the challenging operating environment. As we made light of earlier, most investors expect midstream stocks to possess defensive characteristics given the stable, ratable nature of the underlying cash flows. Midstream companies predominantly own tangible assets – often pipes in the ground. One of the major selling points for midstream/MLPs following the collapse in crude prices was the fact that these companies’ and partnerships’ cash flow streams were generated through a “toll-like” business model (i.e., somewhat immune to the decline in prices). In fact, many of these long-term, fee-based contracts are even “take-or-pay” like in nature (meaning that the midstream service provider receives payment regardless of whether or not volumes move across their systems). Therefore, while the performance in MLP equities this year would suggest otherwise, we would argue that this notion, relatively speaking, still holds water. As you can see in the image below (right), the problem in today’s market isn’t so much the operational performance of the companies. To that point, large-cap midstream cash flows have held up significantly better than large-cap oil service or E&P cash flows – illustrating the resilience of the midstream model. Even with a ~34% drop in oil prices YTD, average large-cap midstream operating cash flow per share only dropped ~9%. Furthermore, while recent events (KMI’s decision to cut the dividend by 75%) have put into question the legitimacy of the midstream model and the sustainability of distributions across the space, we would emphasize that the move by KMI is more a reflection of the current environment, which has been unable to supply the capital needed to support an outsized growth spending budget by KMI – and not a degradation of the base business. We continue to believe that the vast majority of our midstream coverage universe still has the ability to cover 2016 distributions – even after factoring in expected growth in some cases. With that said, clearly access to capital markets is arguably just as important for certain MLPs (discussed below), particularly those with sizeable near-term capital budgets when questioning distribution sustainability. Can Midstream Stocks Cover Their Current Dividend/Distribution? 120% Large-Cap U.S. Energy Sector Cash Flows from Operations Consensus sees all three groups participating in the upside. Midstream Oil Service E&Ps 100% Midstream cash flows hold up better than other energy verticals. ...and numerous midstream/MLPs are still growing! 1.40x 1.20x 80% 60% 40% Oil Service Cash Flows 20% E&P and Oil Service cash flows roll with commodity prices. 0% 1.00x -20% Source: Raymond James research, company/partnership filings, Thomson One. Stocks included: EPD, ETP, MMP, PAA, SEP, WPZ, AM, CEQP, ENLK, NGLS, PTXP, SXE, GEL, MMLP, NGL, NS, RRMS, CAPL, GLP, SRLP, SUN,. CLMT, DKL, HEP, TLLP, APU, FGP, SPH, CPLP, GMLP, KNOP, TGP, TOO, ETE, NSH, ENLC, KMI, PAGP, SE, SEMG, TK, TRGP, WMB. -40% Jan-14 Current Dividend/Distribution Yield Jan-13 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00% Jan-12 5.00% E&P Cash Flows Jan-11 0.80x 0.00% Midstream Cash Flows Jan-17 1.60x Jan-16 1.80x 140% Jan-15 Outsized current yields don't reflect that the vast majority of midstream/MLPs are set to cover their estimated 2016 dividend/distribution, in our view... Average CFO / Share RJ Estiamated 2016 Dividend / Distribution Coverage 2.00x Source: Raymond James research, Fact Set. Sample set includes large-cap stocks (+$10 billion) within RJ Coverage Universe and compares reported/consensus Cash Flow from Operations per share/unit. Sector results are averaged and results are indexed from 2011. Is the MLP model broken? No, but when cost of capital is so important, company specifics matter tremendously. As outlined above, due to the staying power of these businesses, little capital investment is necessary to maintain current cash flows. This frees internally generated cash flow to be distributed to investors in the form of dividends and distributions. Distributable cash flow answers the question “what cash flow could be generated by the base business without any additional investment”? Most of this cash is typically distributed back to equity owners. Moreover, midstream entities are given more leeway in terms of their capital structure because of this stability. As a result, organic growth is most often funded with external capital – traditional debt and common equity issuances (more or less offsetting the cash paid out to investors). This model faces challenges, but, if it is not abused, still works. If we see dividend cuts amongst the midstream group, it is less likely to be because of deteriorating cash flows. Can we fill large capex funding gaps and still pay out dividends/distributions? The real issue with today’s market is that the midstream model is still reliant on external capital and numerous midstream entities are sticking with ambitious growth capex plans in 2016-2020. Energy midstream is a very capital intensive industry and the associated financing burden has become cumbersome. The cost of debt has gone up marginally and is less attractive than prior years, but is not prohibitive. However, there is a limit to any entity’s leverage profile (we most commonly use debt-to-EBITDA to evaluate leverage). Although the graph above shows that cash flows have not materially deteriorated, there has been a considerable impact. As EBITDA results have faced headwinds, this has put pressure on debt-to-EBITDA ratios and strained how much incremental debt midstream entities can obtain. To make matters worse, with yields extremely high (the AMZ index average is +9.5%), equity is not necessarily a feasible way to fill such large funding gaps. This is where the market has become bifurcated – trading has largely separated the space into two groups: 1) those yielding 3-8% (that can largely still use equity as necessary) and those in the +10% camp (that will use it only sparingly). If midstream entities are locked out of the capital markets, there is essentially a “call on cash” in terms of distributable cash flow. However, capital markets, © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 2 Raymond James U.S. Research especially the equity markets, will not be closed forever. In fact, several high quality midstream entities (those with sponsor support, transparent cash flow, a strong growth outlook, etc.) have successful tapped the equity markets as of late. To put it more simply, the “midstream/MLP model” is functioning as usual for a handful of stocks, but is currently not working quite right for others. Regardless of the decisions of midstream operators over the next several months regarding dividends, we believe the intention of management teams is to return to the traditional model of returning the majority of cash to equity holders over the next few years. Certainly, the overall cost of capital remains one of the constraining factors. Therefore, it continues to make sense that midstream entities that have eliminated GP/IDR payments will likely be best positioned from a cost of capital perspective moving forward – arguably, the stock price should reflect this over time. How do we value MLP’s if they choose to cut distributions and self-fund? Given recent market events (namely KMI’s ~75% dividend cut), we expect the market to re-think its valuation methodology. Specifically, Kinder Morgan closed 12/8/15 at $15.72 per share before the cut was announced and then reached a high of $17.35 on 12/9/15 directly following the cut – which is in stark contrast to how our valuation methodology would suggest the stock would react. This implies the market did in fact value the stock differently following the cut. In response, we shifted our weightings to capture what we thought was a more accurate picture of investors’ discourse regarding KMI. Specifically in addressing the increased retained cash and resulting lower distribution, we placed more weight on the Price-to-DCF multiple and adjusted our yield assumption. While, we see our weighting shift applied to KMI as appropriate, we believe this is an exception that proves the rule. We are not arguing that any one of these methods can be definitive. We believe there will clearly be sects of the market looking at valuation differently, and as such, we see a blended approach as the most appropriate method. Below is a discussion of our valuation methodology, with KMI as a case study. Valuation Methodology Valuation Methodology Analysis Pros Captures future payments to investors Dividend Discount Model (DDM) Yield Spread Price/DCF Multiple Cons Highly sensitive to discount rate/dividend growth assumptions 10-year, three state model captures potential business Unable to appropriately accommodate for self-funding cyclicality and evolution of the cost of capital/IDR burden MLPs who emphasize retained cash and excess coverage Good indicator of how the market masy view the equity in terms of risk Abritrarily based on one relatively subjective assumption Powerful metric for comparison between similar companies Less meaningful for valuing self-funding MLPs who do not pay out the majority of cash flow "Cash is King" Does not incorporate disparity between capital spending profiles and coverage/payout policies Most accommodating method to value partnerships retaning cash and self-funding capital programs Highly sensitive to a somewhat arbitrary and perpetually evolving multiple Source: Raymond James research Dividend Discount Model (DDM): We typically weight this at 50%, but have lowered it to 30% for KMI. Addressing the components of our valuation, the DDM clearly remains subjective. Conceptually speaking, a DDM assumes: 1) cash dividends/distributions based on forward-looking assumptions of the asset base; 2) a general cost of equity/discount rate/required rate of return for share/unitholders utilizing either the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the dividend discount model (forward yield + growth), or the bond yield + equity risk premium approach; and 3) perpetual growth rate and terminal growth rate inputs based on the longer-term growth profile of the partnership. While the dividend stream is valued over time, in a situation such as KMI (i.e., materially higher DCF per share vs. dividend per share post-cut), what investors will receive in their pocket is meaningfully lower. However, this augmented funding scenario arguably leads to a higher assumed transition growth rate and terminal growth rate beyond the 10-year forecast period. Moreover, another partial offset to this will be a lower modeled beta (i.e., less funding risk), but the reduction in beta (which we argue still should be in the range of 0.8-1.0) won’t be enough to fully offset the material decrease in the dividend stream. Yield Spread Valuation methodology: This tool is less relevant and more subjective, in our view. As such, we utilize a 20% weighting. One could argue that an analytical formula could derive an equity risk premium from tying into an expected bond risk premium (after tweaking for default risk, transition risk, and spreads to Treasury bonds). Once the equity risk premium is established (including in the math for our CAPM assumption outlined above), it is also possible to relate that to a yield spread. Given KMI’s current choice to retain excess cash flow in order to fund the business instead of returning it to shareholders, the dividend payout has been materially hampered and the valuation method has lost some applicability. © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 3 Raymond James U.S. Research Price-to-DCF Multiple: If “cash is king”, should it be solely valued that way? There is a big difference between cash generated and cash paid out; 50% weight. In our traditional valuation analysis this receives a 30% weight, compared to 20% for KMI. There is a big difference between cash generated and cash paid out. While we believe this remains applicable to the broader midstream group, one could make the case against this for KMI. Instead of slowing capex, KMI chose to slow the cash returned to shareholders in the short-term. On the flip side, given the improved cost of capital and revamped funding structure, it can be argued that KMI operated in the most efficient way in order to support longer-term shareholder value. By not missing out on “actionable” projects from 2016-2018, the outlook has been tremendously improved for 2020 and beyond. Again, we acknowledge that this point is very debatable and we see both sides to the argument. Are valuations compelling? Yes – but “when will valuation AMZ Index Price 600.00 matter?” is the better question. On the heels of the considerable decline in equity prices throughout the majority 500.00 of the MLP sector this year, valuations have become increasingly attractive relative to historical levels on largely all 400.00 relevant metrics. The AMZ is currently yielding 9.27% – a level not seen since late 2008/summer 2009 – nearly 252 basis AMZ at 254.15 300.00 points below the five-year average yield of 6.75%. For some perspective, U.S. crude production averaged merely 4.7 200.00 million barrels per day in the summer of 2009, nearly half of what the U.S. produces today (8.6 million bpd), even after Back to early-2010 levels on the AMZ... declines of ~500,000 barrels per day from the peak 100.00 12/30/05 12/30/07 12/30/09 12/30/11 12/30/13 (March/April 2015) following the collapse in crude prices. On a multiples basis, MLPs under our coverage universe currently Source: Alerian MLP Index, Raymond James Research trade at price-to-DCF and EV/EBITDA multiples of ~6.5x and 9.7x, compared to five-year averages of ~11.4x and 11.3x, respectively. Coverage Vs. Historical Yields Coverage's Yield (%) Spread to Investment Grade (bps) Spread to Treasury (bps) Spread to BAA (bps) Spread to High Yield (bps) Coverage Vs. Historical Multiples Coverage's EV-to-EBITDA Coverage's Price-to-DCF Current 9.27% 571 740 486 93 Current 9.7x 6.5x 1-year 6.75% 293 460 213 -3 1-year 10.9x 10.7x Prem./Disc. 37% N/A N/A N/A N/A Prem./Disc. -12% -39% 3-year 6.09% 198 376 123 -11 3-year 11.3x 11.8x Prem./Disc. 52% N/A N/A N/A N/A Prem./Disc. -15% -45% 5-year 6.17% 196 383 111 -59 5-year 11.4x 11.3x Prem./Disc. 50% N/A N/A N/A N/A Prem./Disc. -15% -42% Source: Fact Set, Thomson One, Raymond James research Conclusion: When do you buy? No near-term catalysts, but investors with long horizons should accumulate positions in favored names. The question remains, when will these attractive valuation levels truly matter? The truth is, as a result of the amalgamation of near-term headwinds with no real catalyst in sight, in the short term, the asset class could, and likely will unfortunately continue to move lower despite what screens as compelling yields. What we must understand, however, is that yield spreads (above the 10year Treasury) are a measure of risk – financing/integration/execution risk. Addressing the former, the current capital market environment (both in terms of access and absolute cost of equity/debt capital) remains challenged, which thereby stresses the MLP model whose main artery is accessing external capital to fund growth. To reiterate, this is a growth funding issue, and not an operational base business issue, but it brings to light what should prove to a continued theme driving bifurcation across the asset class – “the haves and the have-nots”. Said another way, the winners should embody the following characteristics: 1) a relatively under-levered balance sheet with properly sequenced debt maturities and a proactive approach to managing the capital structure, 2) a lower cost of capital (emphasis on the cost of LP equity capital without the burden of GP interest), 3) greater retained cash for use to either de-leverage the balance sheet or for working capital purposes, 4) greater transparency into the cash flow profile with an accurate depiction of fee-based, take-or-pay and volume sensitive contract structures, and 5) historically consistent prudence in capital allocation and greater clarity into true ROIC metrics. In short, we do not expect to see any positive catalysts stepping in to act as a tailwind in the near term to reverse the current trend. We do, however, believe that once technical pressure impacting performance abates (hopefully as we move into next year), we should see some relief. Conversely, our long-term view remains optimistically constructive. We continue to remain confident that over the longer term (12-24 months), midstream/MLPs will trade considerably higher than current levels. © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 4 Raymond James U.S. Research Raymond James Weekly Oilfield Review For Week Ending: 12/11/2015 12 Month Oil Calendar Strip 12 Month Gas Calendar Strip Brent Henry Hub $135.00 $6.25 $125.00 $115.00 $5.25 $105.00 $95.00 $4.25 $85.00 $75.00 $3.25 $65.00 $55.00 $2.25 $45.00 Price Percent Change 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 This Week Last Week Beginning of Year Last Year $41.84 $46.77 -10.5% $61.14 -31.6% $64.98 -35.6% Source: Bloomberg Price Percent Change 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 This Week Last Week Beginning of Year Last Year $2.30 $2.41 -4.8% $3.12 -26.4% $3.66 -37.3% Source: Bloomberg 11-Dec-15 This Week 4-Dec-15 Last Week 12-Dec-14 Last Year Change From: Last Last Week Year U.S. Oil 524 545 1,546 -3.9% -66.1% U.S. Gas U.S. Miscellaneous 185 0 192 0 346 1 -3.6% -46.5% 1. U.S.Rig Activity U.S. Total 709 737 1,893 -3.8% -62.5% U.S. Horizontal 554 569 1,367 -2.6% -59.5% U.S. Directional 64 64 196 0.0% -67.3% U.S. Offshore 23 25 60 -8.0% -61.7% 123 122 117 0.8% 5.1% 56 56 74 0.0% -24.3% 45.5% 45.9% 63.2% -0.8% -28.0% 1,309 783 1,352 67.2% -3.2% 174 0 177 0 431 NA -1.7% NA -59.6% NA 159.7 2,012.4 17,265.2 199.3 169.8 2,091.7 17,847.6 225.0 195.3 2,002.3 17,280.8 321.0 -5.9% -3.8% -3.3% -11.4% -18.2% 0.5% -0.1% -37.9% 254.2 268.3 433.6 -5.3% -41.4% 3,880 676 1,305,540 3,956 683 1,309,144 3,359 556 1,128,681 -1.9% -0.9% -0.3% 15.5% 21.6% 15.7% $57.81 $61.85 $21.91 $3.80 $8.15 $2.87 $8.73 -11.7% -12.4% -7.0% -9.6% -13.7% -3.0% -5.2% -38.9% -39.1% -20.5% -47.9% -48.6% -44.3% -34.6% U.S. Offshore Gulf of Mexico Fleet Size # Contracted Utilization U.S. Weekly Rig Permits * 2. Canadian Activity Rig Count Total Well Completions (Incl. Dry) 3. Stock Prices (12/11/15) OSX S&P 500 DJIA S&P 1500 E&P Index Alerian MLP Index 4. Inventories U.S. Gas Storage (Bcf) Canadian Gas Storage (Bcf) Total Petroleum Inventories ('000 bbls) 5. Spot Prices (US$) Oil (W.T.I. Cushing) $35.30 $39.97 Oil (Brent) $37.67 $43.00 NGL Composite $17.43 $18.73 Gas (Henry Hub) $1.98 $2.19 Residual Fuel Oil (New York) $4.19 $4.86 Gas (AECO) $1.60 $1.65 UK Gas (ICE) $5.71 $6.02 Sources: Bak er Hughes, ODS-Petrodata, API, EIA, Oil Week , Bloomberg * Note: Week ly rig permits reflect a 1 week lag © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 5 Raymond James U.S. Research Raymond James Weekly Coal Review For Week Ending: 12/11/2015 12 Month Big Sandy Barge Prices 12 Month Powder River Basin 8800 Prices $90.00 $17.00 $15.00 $75.00 $13.00 $60.00 $11.00 $9.00 $45.00 $7.00 $30.00 Price Percent Change $5.00 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 This Week Last Week Beginning of Year Last Year $40.75 $39.85 2.3% $49.95 -18.4% $51.25 -20.5% Source: Bloomberg 1. Coal Prices Eastern U.S. CSX 1% Western U.S. Powder River 8800 2. Production Eastern U.S. Western U.S. Total Price Percent Change 2012 2015 This Week Last Week Beginning of Year Last Year $10.25 $10.35 -1.0% $12.00 -14.6% $12.50 -18.0% Source: Bloomberg 11-Dec-15 This Week 4-Dec-15 Last Week 13-Dec-14 Last Year Change From: Last Last Week Year $40.75 $39.85 $51.25 2.3% -20.5% $10.25 $10.35 $12.50 -1.0% -18.0% 27-Nov-15 6,351 9,750 16,101 20-Nov-15 6,533 10,081 16,614 30-Nov-14 8,011 11,797 19,808 -2.8% -3.3% -3.1% -20.7% -17.4% -18.7% Source: Bloomberg © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 6 Raymond James U.S. Research U.S. Rig Count Breakdown 12/11/2015 Total Count U.S. Rig Count By Basin* Permian Eagle Ford Bakken Cana Woodford Marcellus Haynesville DJ Basin Utica Pinedale Mississippi Lime Granite Wash Arkoma Woodford San Joaquin Basin Barnett Powder River Basin Piceance Basin Uinta Fayetteville Other Drill For Oil Dry Gas Wet Gas Thermal Trajectory Horizontal Oil Horizontal Gas Horizontal % Horizontal 709 199 85 57 50 41 29 21 15 14 14 9 8 6 4 4 4 3 3 143 12/4/2015 737 210 85 59 51 40 29 23 19 14 13 9 9 7 5 5 4 4 2 149 W/W ∆ YTD ∆ YTD % ∆ Y/Y ∆ Y/Y % ∆ (28) (1102) -61% (1184) -63% (11) 0 (2) (1) 1 0 (2) (4) 0 1 0 (1) (1) (1) (1) 0 (1) 1 (6) -319 -154 -120 -13 -31 -11 -32 -31 -4 -55 -42 3 -7 -16 -28 -8 -17 0 -217 -62% -64% -68% -21% -43% -28% -60% -67% -22% -80% -82% 60% -54% -80% -88% -67% -85% 0% -60% -338 -158 -128 -13 -37 -14 -31 -32 -4 -57 -45 3 -23 -15 -29 -9 -18 0 -236 -63% -65% -69% -21% -47% -33% -60% -68% -22% -80% -83% 60% -79% -79% -88% -69% -86% 0% -62% 524 67 118 0 545 71 121 0 (21) (4) (3) 0 (958) (44) (99) (1) -65% -40% -46% -100% (1022) (48) (113) (1) -66% -42% -49% -100% 415 139 554 78% 426 143 569 77% (11) (4) (15) 1% (674) (107) (782) 4% -62% -43% -59% (690) (122) (813) 6% -62% -47% -59% Source: Baker Hughes, Inc, Raymond James research *Includes all trajectories © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 7 Raymond James U.S. Research Oil Rig Count Horizontal Rig Count 1700 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 1500 1300 1100 900 700 500 2012 Rig Count Percent Change 2013 2014 2015 2012 This Week Last Week Beginning of Year Last Year 524 545 -3.9% 1482 -64.6% 1546 -66.1% 2014 2015 This Week Last Week Beginning of Year Last Year 554 569 -2.6% 1336 -58.5% 1367 -59.5% Rig Count Percent Change Source: Baker Hughes 2013 Source: Baker Hughes 6 Wet Gas Rig Count Dry Gas Rig Count 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 2012 Rig Count Percent Change Source: Baker Hughes 2013 2014 2015 This Week Last Week Beginning of Year Last Year 118 121 -2.7% 217 -45.6% 232 -49.0% 2012 2013 2014 2015 This Week Last Week Beginning of Year Last Year 67 71 -5.3% 111 -39.7% 114 -41.6% Rig Count Percent Change Source: Baker Hughes © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 8 Raymond James U.S. Research Important Investor Disclosures Raymond James & Associates (RJA) is a FINRA member firm and is responsible for the preparation and distribution of research created in the United States. Raymond James & Associates is located at The Raymond James Financial Center, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716, (727) 567-1000. Non-U.S. affiliates, which are not FINRA member firms, include the following entities that are responsible for the creation and distribution of research in their respective areas: in Canada, Raymond James Ltd. 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Ratings and Definitions Raymond James & Associates (U.S.) definitions Strong Buy (SB1) Expected to appreciate, produce a total return of at least 15%, and outperform the S&P 500 over the next six to 12 months. For higher yielding and more conservative equities, such as REITs and certain MLPs, a total return of at least 15% is expected to be realized over the next 12 months. Outperform (MO2) Expected to appreciate and outperform the S&P 500 over the next 12-18 months. For higher yielding and more conservative equities, such as REITs and certain MLPs, an Outperform rating is used for securities where we are comfortable with the relative safety of the dividend and expect a total return modestly exceeding the dividend yield over the next 12-18 months. © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 9 Raymond James U.S. Research Market Perform (MP3) Expected to perform generally in line with the S&P 500 over the next 12 months. Underperform (MU4) Expected to underperform the S&P 500 or its sector over the next six to 12 months and should be sold. Suspended (S) The rating and price target have been suspended temporarily. This action may be due to market events that made coverage impracticable, or to comply with applicable regulations or firm policies in certain circumstances, including when Raymond James may be providing investment banking services to the company. The previous rating and price target are no longer in effect for this security and should not be relied upon. Raymond James Ltd. (Canada) definitions Strong Buy (SB1) The stock is expected to appreciate and produce a total return of at least 15% and outperform the S&P/TSX Composite Index over the next six months. Outperform (MO2) The stock is expected to appreciate and outperform the S&P/TSX Composite Index over the next twelve months. Market Perform (MP3) The stock is expected to perform generally in line with the S&P/TSX Composite Index over the next twelve months and is potentially a source of funds for more highly rated securities. Underperform (MU4) The stock is expected to underperform the S&P/TSX Composite Index or its sector over the next six to twelve months and should be sold. Raymond James Argentina S.A. rating definitions Strong Buy (SB1) Expected to appreciate and produce a total return of at least 25.0% over the next twelve months. Outperform (MO2) Expected to appreciate and produce a total return of between 15.0% and 25.0% over the next twelve months. Market Perform (MP3) Expected to perform in line with the underlying country index. Underperform (MU4) Expected to underperform the underlying country index. Suspended (S) The rating and price target have been suspended temporarily. This action may be due to market events that made coverage impracticable, or to comply with applicable regulations or firm policies in certain circumstances, including when Raymond James may be providing investment banking services to the company. The previous rating and price target are no longer in effect for this security and should not be relied upon. Raymond James Europe (Raymond James Euro Equities SAS & Raymond James Financial International Limited) rating definitions Strong Buy (1) Expected to appreciate, produce a total return of at least 15%, and outperform the Stoxx 600 over the next 6 to 12 months. Outperform (2) Expected to appreciate and outperform the Stoxx 600 over the next 12 months. Market Perform (3) Expected to perform generally in line with the Stoxx 600 over the next 12 months. Underperform (4) Expected to underperform the Stoxx 600 or its sector over the next 6 to 12 months. Suspended (S) The rating and target price have been suspended temporarily. This action may be due to market events that made coverage impracticable, or to comply with applicable regulations or firm policies in certain circumstances, including when Raymond James may be providing investment banking services to the company. The previous rating and target price are no longer in effect for this security and should not be relied upon. In transacting in any security, investors should be aware that other securities in the Raymond James research coverage universe might carry a higher or lower rating. Investors should feel free to contact their Financial Advisor to discuss the merits of other available investments. Rating Distributions Coverage Universe Rating Distribution* Investment Banking Distribution RJA RJL RJ Arg RJEE/RJFI RJA RJL RJ Arg RJEE/RJFI Strong Buy and Outperform (Buy) 57% 69% 53% 44% 22% 40% 0% 0% Market Perform (Hold) 38% 30% 47% 39% 7% 16% 0% 0% Underperform (Sell) 5% 1% 0% 17% 6% 50% 0% 0% * Columns may not add to 100% due to rounding. Suitability Ratings (SR) Medium Risk/Income (M/INC) Lower to average risk equities of companies with sound financials, consistent earnings, and dividend yields above that of the S&P 500. Many securities in this category are structured with a focus on providing a consistent dividend or return of capital. Medium Risk/Growth (M/GRW) Lower to average risk equities of companies with sound financials, consistent earnings growth, the potential for long-term price appreciation, a potential dividend yield, and/or share repurchase program. High Risk/Income (H/INC) Medium to higher risk equities of companies that are structured with a focus on providing a meaningful dividend but may face less predictable earnings (or losses), more leveraged balance sheets, rapidly changing market dynamics, financial and competitive issues, higher price volatility (beta), and potential risk of principal. Securities of companies in this category may have a less predictable income stream from dividends or distributions of capital. © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 10 Raymond James U.S. Research High Risk/Growth (H/GRW) Medium to higher risk equities of companies in fast growing and competitive industries, with less predictable earnings (or losses), more leveraged balance sheets, rapidly changing market dynamics, financial or legal issues, higher price volatility (beta), and potential risk of principal. High Risk/Speculation (H/SPEC) High risk equities of companies with a short or unprofitable operating history, limited or less predictable revenues, very high risk associated with success, significant financial or legal issues, or a substantial risk/loss of principal. Raymond James Relationship Disclosures Raymond James expects to receive or intends to seek compensation for investment banking services from the subject companies in the next three months. Stock Charts, Target Prices, and Valuation Methodologies Valuation Methodology: The Raymond James methodology for assigning ratings and target prices includes a number of qualitative and quantitative factors including an assessment of industry size, structure, business trends and overall attractiveness; management effectiveness; competition; visibility; financial condition, and expected total return, among other factors. These factors are subject to change depending on overall economic conditions or industry- or company-specific occurrences. Only stocks rated Strong Buy (SB1) or Outperform (MO2) have target prices and thus valuation methodologies. Risk Factors General Risk Factors: Following are some general risk factors that pertain to the projected target prices included on Raymond James research: (1) Industry fundamentals with respect to customer demand or product / service pricing could change and adversely impact expected revenues and earnings; (2) Issues relating to major competitors or market shares or new product expectations could change investor attitudes toward the sector or this stock; (3) Unforeseen developments with respect to the management, financial condition or accounting policies or practices could alter the prospective valuation; or (4) External factors that affect the U.S. economy, interest rates, the U.S. dollar or major segments of the economy could alter investor confidence and investment prospects. International investments involve additional risks such as currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic instability. Additional Risk and Disclosure information, as well as more information on the Raymond James rating system and suitability categories, is available at rjcapitalmarkets.com/Disclosures/index. Copies of research or Raymond James’ summary policies relating to research analyst independence can be obtained by contacting any Raymond James & Associates or Raymond James Financial Services office (please see raymondjames.com for office locations) or by calling 727-567-1000, toll free 800-237-5643 or sending a written th request to the Equity Research Library, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Tower 3, 6 Floor, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716. 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It is not intended to be distributed or passed on, directly or indirectly, to any other class of persons and may not be relied upon by such persons and is therefore not intended for private individuals or those who would be classified as Retail Clients. For clients of Raymond James Euro Equities: Raymond James Euro Equities is authorised and regulated by the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution and the Autorité des Marchés Financiers. © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 11 Raymond James U.S. Research For institutional clients in the European Economic Area (EEA) outside of the United Kingdom: This document (and any attachments or exhibits hereto) is intended only for EEA institutional clients or others to whom it may lawfully be submitted. 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This is RJA client releasable resear ch This report and its contents are the property of Raymond James and are protected by applicable copyright, trade secret or other intellectual property laws (of the United States and other countries). United States law, 17 U.S.C. Sec.501 et seq, provides for civil and criminal penalties for copyright infringement. No copyright claimed in incorporated U.S. government works. © 2015 Raymond James & Associates, Inc., member New York Stock Exchange/SIPC. All rights reserved. International Headquarters: The Raymond James Financial Center | 880 Carillon Parkway | St. Petersburg, Florida 33716 | 800-248-8863 12