Åter till Muskeviken

Transcription

I Marstrands hamn döljer sig en mängd fartygslämningar och rika hamnkulturlager som berättar om Marstands långa och
spännande historia. Resultaten av de marinarkeologiska undersökningarna omfattar en tidsperiod från senmedeltid fram
till idag och ger en inblick i det vardagliga livet likväl som storpolitiska konflikter och europeiska kontaktnät.
Rapporten som du håller i handen ingår i serien Arkeologi i Marstrands hamn och beskriver en arkeologisk förundersökning i Muskeviken som utfördes 2010 av Västarvet genom Bohusläns museum.
Arkeologi i Marstrands hamn 7
Arkeologisk förundersökning
Marstrand 102, 103, 104 och 105
Marstrands socken, Kungälvs kommun
Delia Ní Chíobháin
Bohusläns museum Rapport 2010:49
Marstrand 102, 103, 104 och 105,
ISSN 1650-3368
Författare Delia Ní Chíobháin
Layout, grafisk form och teknisk redigering Gabriella Kalmar
Omslagsbild Utsnitt från ett danskt situationskort som visar den danska flottans angrepp på Marstrand och
Carlstens fästning i juli 1719. Upphovsrätt: Det Kgl Biblioteket Köpenhamn, Danmark. Nr XVIII 4.1 Marstrand C
Illustration Författaren om inget annat anges
Tryck IT Grafiska AB, Uddevalla 2010
Kartor ur allmänt kartmaterial, © Lantmäteriverket medgivande 90.8012
Kartor godkända från sekretessynpunkt för spridning Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 601-2008/3017.
Bohusläns museum
Museigatan 1
Box 403
451 19 Uddevalla
tel 0522-65 65 00, fax 0522-126 73
www.vastarvet.se, www.bohuslansmuseum.se
Innehåll
Svensk sammanfattning........................................................................................................... 5
Background..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Landscape........................................................................................................................................................... 7
Natural landscape.................................................................................................................................. 7
Cultural environment........................................................................................................................ 8
Historical source material............................................................................................................ 9
Previous investigations.................................................................................................................11
Methods. ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
Results. .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Marstrand 103 (cultural layers)....................................................................................... 14
Marstrand 105 (Muskeviken 6)...................................................................................... 15
Conclusions and proposals for action........................................................ 16
References...................................................................................................................................................... 17
Literature........................................................................................................................................................ 17
Unpublished sources...................................................................................................................... 18
Technical and administrative data...................................................................... 19
Appendices................................................................................................................................................... 20
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Figure 1. Section of GSD-Property map with the location of the investigation area marked.
Figur 1. Utsnitt ur GSD-Röda kartan/Fastighetskartan med platsen för undersökningen markerad.
Svensk sammanfattning
Med anledning av planerad muddring har Västarvet genom Bohusläns
museum utfört en marinarkeologisk förundersökning inom en del av
Muskeviken, Marstrand, Kungälvs kommun. Inom Marstrands hamn
fanns sedan tidigare omfattande kulturlagerförekomster samt ett stort
antal fartygslämningar med datering från 1500-talet och framåt registrerade. Förundersökningen omfattade dykande besiktning, sticksondering
samt provgropsgrävning. Inom förundersökningsområdet påträffades
kulturlager (Marstrand 103) och två tidigare okända fartygslämningar
(Marstrand 102 och 104). Utanför området, något väster om detsamma,
påträffades ytterligare en fartygslämning (Marstrand 105). Eftersom det
planerade arbetsföretaget riskerar att komma i konflikt med de nyupptäckta fornlämningarna Marstrand 102, 103 och 104 anser Bohusläns
museum att tillstånd till muddring ej bör medges. Skulle Länsstyrelsen
finna att muddring trots allt kan tillåtas bör en slutundersökning av
Marstrand 104 först utföras. Likaså bör åtgärder vidtas för att säkerställa
att Marstrand 102 inte kommer till skada.
Background
In April of 2010 Bohusläns museum carried out a preliminary under
water archaeological investigation in an area in the south-east of
Muskeviken harbour, Marstrand parish, in Kungälv kommun (figures
1–4). Following an application by the client for permission to dredge
the area, Länsstyrelsen Västra Götalands Län decided that an archaeological investigation was required.
Previous investigations of the cultural layers around the quay on the
island of Marstrand have revealed cultural layers of up to three meters
thick from the city and harbour areas. These layers extend chronologically from the late medieval period until today. Following recent archaeo
logical work in Marstrand harbour it is possible to identify how these
layers are arranged and also to recognise their various compositions. In
addition to the presence of harbour cultural layers there is also extensive evidence of shipwreck remains within the area.
In Muskeviken alone there are five confirmed shipwrecks which date
from the 1600 and 1700s. Prior to the survey it was also likely that there
may also be remains of earlier pier systems and similar structures, and
the presence of additional vessel remains was also highly probable. The
purpose of the investigation was to determine the possibility of additional archaeological sites or remains within the survey area and to provide
planning and decision support based on any findings.
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Figure 2. Section of GSD-Property map with the location of the investigation area marked. Scale 1:20 000. Permission for
distribution approved by the Security Officer. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 601-2008/3017.
Figur 2. Utsnitt ur GSD-Fastighetskartan med platsen för undersökningen markerad. Skala 1:20 000.
Godkänd ur sekretessynpunkt för spridning. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 601-2008/3017.
Landscape
Natural landscape
Marstrand was originally established on the eastern side of Marstrand
island, but has since extended to a settlement on the nearby Koön. The
sound between Marstrand island and Koön divides the community into
two areas and also contains Marstrand’s harbour.
At its narrowest point the sound measures over 100 meters across. At
both Marstrand island and Koön the water depth surrounding the quayside varies between 2 and 5 meters. The maximum water depth, at the
centre of the sound, is between 12 and 13 meters. The bottom is composed mainly of soft sediments while occasional shallow areas can contain a mix of gravel and sand. Stretching out from Koön, halfway into
the sound, is a ridge that connects to the island. This is distinguished
by a bottom profile which shows that it is at most 2 meters above the
surrounding seabed and has a limited sedimentation of approximately
0,1–0,2 meters.
Figure 3. Section of GSD-Property map, sheets 7A 5j, 7A 5a, with the investigation area
and nearby ancient remains marked. Scale 1:10 000. Permission for distribution approved by the Security Officer. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 601-2008/3017.
Figur 3. Utsnitt ur GSD-Fastighetskartan, blad 7A 5j med undersökningsområdet samt
de närliggande fornlämningarna markerade. Skala 1:10 000. Godkänd ur sekretessynpunkt för spridning. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 601-2008/3017.
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Muskeviken is located on the western face of Koön and contains an
area of water approximately 200 × 200 meters (40 000 square meters).
The northern shoreline consists of a high outcrop of bedrock while the
eastern and southern areas accommodate urban and port activities. Recent coastal deposition has transformed the area and reduced it in size.
The water in the central area of the bay is from 2 to 2,5 meters deep.
The substrate is relatively uniform over the whole survey area with the
upper half meter of test trenches consisting of muddy sediments. There
were also occurrences of shell and gravel concentrations in the shallow
areas excavated.
Cultural environment
Marstrand port has the highest concentration of underwater archaeological remains in relation to area on the west coast of Sweden. Aside
from the national monument Carlstens fortress (Carlstens fästning), a
large area of ancient Marstrand (Marstrand 32) can be identified by
harbour and city cultural layers. Archaeological research conducted
over the past decade has revealed that Marstrand 32 also includes large
parts of the port itself, however the extent of which is as yet unknown.
Excavations focusing on the cultural layers have covered an area of ten
meters cubed and have yielded over 1 500 artefacts. The most common
find categories were bones, ceramics, glass and clay pipes along with
a smaller amount of wood, metal, leather, other organic material and
rocks. The oldest parts of the layers have been dated to the 1600s while the later layers have been dated to the 1700s, 1800s and the 1900s
(Bergstrand 2009 a).
In addition to the extensive cultural layers in the port, there are fourteen well-known historic shipwreck remains which date from the late
1500s until at least the 1700s (figure 3). All of these sites are designated ancient monuments and five of the wreck sites are located within
Muskeviken. Three of them – Halmstad, Stettin and Kalmar – were
Swedish Navy frigates, which sank in 1719 (Marstrand, 80, 92, 85).
Another frigate, Fredricus, was investigated in 1998 by Bohusläns museum (Marstrand 93). The preserved section of the hull today lies under
a mound of stones to the north of the ferry landing on Marstrand island.
The other wreck remains have working titles; Kölvraket (lacking registration), Färjevraket (Marstrand 83), Brännaren (Lycke 196), Stävvraket
(lacking registration but probably identical to Marstrand 84), and the
Muskeviken wrecks (Marstrand 94, 95, 96, 97, 98). Kölvraket is dendrochronologically dated to approximately 1500; Färjevraket wreck is dated
to the 1600s, while the Brännaren and Stävvraket wrecks are undated.
Additionally, the remains of another vessel were destroyed by dredging
in 1981 (Marstrand 82). Only limited documentation was conducted
of the remains in order to conserve construction time (Lisberg Jensen
1981). Information for the Muskeviken wrecks has been provided for a
Figure 4. View over investigation area in Muskeviken from north. Photo Staffan
von Arbin, Bohusläns museum.
Figur 4. Vy över området i Muskeviken från norr. Foto Staffan von Arbin,
Bohusläns museum.
number of years mainly by the Marinarkeologiska sällskapet Götheborgs
kretsen (MASG), whose documentation gave a better understanding of
the remains. An inventory of Coast Guard divers in the late 1990s also
acknowledged the existence of ship remains and/or timber structures.
Historical source material
The earliest written source material on Marstrand is from the 1200s
(Unger & Huitfeldt 1864: DN 6, 57), indicating that some settlements
grew around the natural harbour. From the year 1291 there is a reference
to “minoriternas kyrka i Marstrand” i.e. an abbey, which confirms the
existence of the settlement but also gives an indication of its importance.
As a general rule Franciscan abbeys were established in relatively large
settlements. From the 1300s onwards Marstrand is mentioned in administrative and political contexts, suggesting that the city developed
into an independent administrative unit (Svenskt diplomatarium: DS
8, 6819; Lange & Unger 1855: DN 3, 806).
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The founding of Marstrand has been associated with changes in
shipping and trade which took place during the late 1100s and 1200s.
Marstrand’s location within Bohusläns outer islands and skerries, along
with a suitable natural harbour, established it as an important transit
harbour for regional shipping. It was during one of the better documented herring periods, which occurred in the late 1500s, that Marstrand
reached a prominent position in Bohuslän as a trade and transit port for
foreign shipping. This dominance was also evident during the herring
fishing season of the 1700s when it remained Sweden’s only free port
in the later part of that century (Holmberg 1963:149 ff.). The town’s
importance remained high during the early modern period, including
when Carlstens fortress was constructed. Marstrand harbour was periodically used as a base for part of the Swedish west coast squadron.
A consequence of its central role as a transit port and a military
foothold resulted in the city being repeatedly embroiled in conflict.
Among the most notable conflicts include two Danish attacks, one
Figure 5. A Danish so-called situation map which shows the Danish Navy’s attack on Marstrand and Carlstens fortress in July 1719. The map is thought to
be contemporaneous with the event. The mast tops of some sunken Swedish vessels are visible in the port area. Source: Royal library, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nr
XVIII 4.1 Marstrand C. The image is cropped.
Figur 5. Ett danskt så kallat situationskort som visar den danska flottans angrepp
på Marstrand och Carlstens fästning i juli 1719. Kortet förmodas vara samtida
med händelsen. In om hamnområdet syns masttoppar till ett antal sänkta svenska
örlogsfartyg. Arkiv: Kungliga biblioteket, Köpenhamn, Danmark. Nr XVIII 4.1
Marstrand C. Bilden är beskuren.
in Gyldenlöwefejden in 1677 and another in 1719 when the Danish
fleet besieged the city until the fortress garrison finally capitulated
(Holmberg 1963:235; 262). The latter event has been attributed to one
of Denmark’s greatest naval heroes, Peder Wessel Thordenskiold, who,
in addition to the siege of Marstrand in 1719, was also responsible for
several attacks against Sweden’s western interests in the Great Northern
War (1700–1721).
It was also in connection with the siege of Marstrand in 1719 that
large parts of the Swedish west coast squadron were lost. Since the
vessels were enclosed within the harbour and most likely at a disadvantage, it was decided on the basis of a tactical stance to order the
sinking of Swedish ships rather than risk them being captured by the
enemy (Ribbing 1949:151). A contemporary Danish situationskort of
the city and harbour (figure 5) state clearly what vessels were scuttled,
and where: frigates Halmstad (46), Stettin (46), Kalmar (46), Fredricus
(36) and Charlotta (30); galleys Stå Bra (9) and Greve Mörner (9); the
yacht Diana (4) and two fireships (Ribbing 1949:151). The numbers
after each name indicates the number of guns the ships are believed to
have been armed with. One of the sunken fireships is allocated a location on the situationskort where today a known wreck site lies, north of
Klåverön (Lycke 196). The second fire ship on the situationskort is located directly north of Hedvigsholmen. This area was most likely filled
in during modern times when large areas of Arvidsvik were reclaimed.
However, it cannot be completely ruled out that the remains of a vessel dredged up in 1981 (Marstrand 82) is the aforementioned fireship.
Ship remains from four of the large sunken frigates Halmstad, Stettin,
Kalmar and Fredricus (Marstrand 80, 92, 85, 93) have been located in
modern times to form an almost unique resource of information on the
events which took place in Marstrand 1719.
Previous investigations
The archaeological investigations on Marstrand island are relatively few,
which is due largely to the low level of exploitation in the older wooden
city. Apart from some minor excavations, Kristina Carlsson’s excavation
of Drottninggatan in 1981 is noteworthy (Carlsson 1984). Mention
should also be given to Margaret Hasselmo’s report on Marstrand in
the series Medeltidsstaden (Hasselmo 1980).
On the other side of the port of Marstrand, marine archaeological
investigations have been relatively widespread during the last decade
(appendix 2). As early as 1958, during dredging work in connection
with the Koön ferry berth, archaeological remains of a wooden vessel
were found, which are possibly identical to the so called Färjevraket
(Marstrand 83). The question is not entirely resolved however, as it remains to be seen whether the remains of one or two vessels are located
there. Items located include a fragment of a keel, a rudder and a breech
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loading cannon. Dredging operations in Arvidsvik on Koön in 1981
for a gas filling station revealed the presence of a larger vessel which
was later examined by the Sjöfartsmuseet in Göteborg (Marstrand 82).
However, the documentation results are relatively rudimentary and do
not provide enough direct evidence to indicate the ships characteristics
or age (Lisberg Jensen 1981).
During the 1970s and ‘80s sport diving activities led to the rediscovery of several sunken warships. It was not until 1997 that an accurate
archaeological investigation was carried out in the port. The investigations arose from plans to construct two large submerged levees outside
the quay on Marstrand island. The development resulted in a preliminary investigation of the harbour cultural layers and two wreck sites
(Bergstrand 2007 a, 2007 b). In 1998 an excavation of one of the two
large wrecks was carried out on the Fredricus (Marstrand 93), along with
a partial survey of the harbour cultural layers, and a preliminary investigation of harbour cultural layers associated with the quay (Marstrand
32) where a boat stem and other vessel remains were located (Bergstrand
2008). Also during the same year an in situ preservation project was carried out on the wreck with a working title of Färjevraket (report forthcoming). The following year, 1999, an investigation was conducted in
Arvidsvik in connection with Hedvigsholmen on Koön (Bergstrand
2009 b). It was not until 2008 before new developments would result
Figure 6. Rounded flint (ballast) from test trenches. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin,
Bohusläns museum. ‘
Figur 6. Svallad flinta (barlast) från provgropar. Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin,
Bohusläns museum.
in further archaeological efforts. In addition to harbour developments
in Muskeviken, further investigations have also been carried out in the
area induced by the laying of a fibre optic cable through the northern
inlet of Marstrand and further into Muskeviken (Gainsford 2009).
Methods
The field investigation methods consisted of two parts. The first involved a visual inspection of the entire survey area combined with probing
down to about one meter deep in the soft bottom. The results of the
completed survey served as the basis for the assessment of particular
areas of interest. The second stage involved a total of six test trenches
in these areas to assess the presence of archaeological remains and cultural layers. The trenches were excavated with the assistance of a water
dredge; the material dredged up was then sieved and inspected for archaeological remains.
Results
Visual inspection led to the discovery of Marstrand 105, the remains
of a clinker-built oak vessel to the west of the proposed dredging area.
Probing and dredging actions revealed the presence of a further two
vessel remains Marstrand 102 and 104 within the survey area, as well
Figure 7. Wooden chips from test trench 2. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin, Bohusläns
museum .
Figur 7. Huggspån och/eller träflis från provgrop 2. Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin.
Bohusläns museum
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as cultural layers previously known from the area (Marstrand 103). As
a result of the cultural layers present, the vessel constructional features
and dendrochronological results from Marstrand 104, all three wreck
remains are deemed to be over 100 years old and therefore are to be regarded as ancient monuments.
Marstrand 103 (cultural layers)
Figure 8. Tar or pitch from test trench 1. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin, Bohusläns museum.
Figur 8. Tjära eller beck från provgrop 1. Foto
Delia Ní Chíobháin, Bohusläns museum.
Based on the results of the preliminary investigation, the entire surface
of the area under investigation contains cultural layers which can be
dated from roughly 1600 or so up until the present day. Closer to land
however, the frequency of finds was lower. The cultural layer is similar to that found during previous investigations in the northern part of
Muskeviken in 2008 (Marstrand 32) but contains a much larger share
of findings, such as ceramic shards and ballast flint (figure 6). The evidence of wood chips (figure 7) is high and could indicate ship or boat
building activities, a possibility which is strengthened by the discovery
of a fragment of tar and/or pitch (figure 8) in trench 1 and a treenail
in trench 3 (figure 9).
Figure 9. A piece of a treenail from test trench
3. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin, Bohusläns museum.
Figur 9. En del av en tränagel från provgrop
3. Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin, Bohusläns museum.
Figure 10. Barrel hoop fragments from test trench 2. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin,
Bohusläns museum.
Figur 10 . Laggbandsfragmentar från provgrop 2. Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin,
Bohusläns museum.
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Marstrand 105 (Muskeviken 6)
During a preliminary search the exposed remains of a clinker-built vessel were located to the west of the investigation area in about 0,5 meter
of water. The remains are of oak and include part of the keel and some
strakes. The remains lie in a northwest–southeast orientation and continue towards the land.
This site contains the remains of a clinker-built vessel with small dimensions. The wood species has been determined by dendrochronologist Thomas Bartholin as Fagus silvatica, beech (appendix 4). It appears
that the vessel lies on its side with the upper hull collapsed and lying
over the vessels bottom. The site area was determined by probing the
substratum and is estimated to lie over an area of about 4 × 1.5 meters,
lying in a northeast-southwest orientation. This should also roughly correspond to the vessel’s original size. Trench 2 (appendix 3) was placed
over the wreck location and yielded, among other samples, fragments
of barrel hoops (figure 10), brick fragments, animal bones and a tooth,
ballast flint (figure 6) and a sherd of stoneware (figure 12). Considering the cultural layer which lies over the vessel can be roughly dated
to the 1600s, the wreck is deemed to be over 100 years old and thus is
an ancient monument.
Figure 11. A section of a frame and a plank from Marstrand 102 raised for dendrochronological samples. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin, Bohusläns museum.
Figur 11. En del av bottenstock och en planka från Marstrand 102 upptagna för
dendrokronologisk provtagning. Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin, Bohusläns museum.
Figure 12. A shard of stoneware from test
trench 2. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin, Bohusläns museum.
Figur 12. Stengodsskärva från provgrop 2.
Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin, Bohusläns museum.
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This site is comprised of vessel remains of oak and is clinker-built, lying
in an approximately north-south orientation. The remains are composed of a section of the hull side consisting of the keel, ribs and planking,
and can be followed at least six meters before continuing into the bank
in the northwest. Judging from the dimensions it should be a vessel
with an original length of at least 15–20 meters. Two timber samples
(figure 11) were taken from the wreck for dendrochronological analysis
(appendix 4). Sample 1, taken from an oak framing timber, was given
an approximate felling date of 1625–1630. Sample 2 was taken from a
radially-split plank without any sapwood present where the outermost
rings date to 1586. Given that only two samples were analysed, a preliminary date from the first half of the 1600s has been attributed to this
wreck. Both samples have similar provenance and may be from Denmark
or western Sweden, with best similarity with northern Jutland.
Conclusions
and proposals for action
Due to the nature of the archaeological remains located it was recommended that permission not be granted for the dredging plans as proposed, based on the high risk of destroying the remains, predominantly
Marstrand 104 and Marstrand 102.
Dredging of the area should only be carried out after a full excavation of the Marstrand 104 wreck, which is directly within the proposed
area of exploitation. It is also recommended that if the area were to be
dredged, following an excavation, precautions should be put in place to
prevent the Marstrand 102 wreck from damage from dredging operations.
References
Literature
Bergstrand, T. 2007 a. Marstrands hamn. Arkeologi i Marstrands hamn 1.
Arkeologisk utredning. Marstrands socken, Kungälvs kommun. Bohusläns
museum Rapport 2006:17. Uddevalla.
Bergstrand, T. 2007 b. Fartygslämningar och stadslager. Arkeologi i
Marstrands hamn 2. Arkeologisk förundersökning. Marstrands socken,
Kungälvs kommun. Bohusläns museum Rapport 2006:19. Uddevalla.
Bergstrand, T. 2008. Muskeviken. Arkeologi i Marstrands hamn 3. Arkeo
logisk förundersökning. Marstrands socken, Kungälvs kommun. Bohusläns
museum Rapport 2008:54. Uddevalla.
Bergstrand, T. 2009 a. Arvidsvik. Arkeologi i Marstrands hamn 6. Arkeo
logisk utredning. Marstrands socken, Kungälvs kommun. Bohusläns museum Rapport 2009:43. Uddevalla.
Bergstrand, T. 2009 b. Stadslager i Marstrands hamn. Arkeologi i
Marstrands hamn 5. Arkeologisk undersökning och förundersökning.
Marstrand 32. Marstrands socken, Kungälvs kommun. Bohusläns museum
Rapport 2009:44. Uddevalla.
Carlsson, K. 1984. Drottninggatan i Marstrand. Stadshistorien i ny belys
ning. Skrifter utgivna av Bohusläns museum och Bohusläns hembygds
förbund. Nr 11. Uddevalla.
Gainsford, M. 2009. Sjöförläggning av optokabel. Muskeviken och
Göteborgs skärgård. Arkeologi i Marstrands hamn 4. Arkeologisk utredning
och förundersökning. Lycke, Torsby, Öckerö och Torslanda socknar, Kungälv,
Öckerö och Goteborgs kommuner. Bohusläns museum Rapport 2009:3.
Uddevalla.
Hasselmo, M. 1980. Marstrand. Medeltidsstaden 22. Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens historiska museer. Stockholm.
Holmberg, G. 1963. Svenska flottans fartygstyper och fartygsbyggen.
In: Halldin, G. (Ed.). Svenskt skeppsbyggeri. En översikt av utvecklingen
genom tiderna. Allhems förlag. Malmö
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Lange, Chr. C. A. & Unger, Carl R. (Eds) 1855. Diplomatarium
Norvegicum: Oldbreve til kundskab om Norgesindre og ydre forhold, sprog,
slaegter, saeder, lovgivning og rettergang i middelalderen. Samling 3. Oslo.
Ribbing, O. (Ed.) 1949. Göteborgs eskader och örlogsstation 1523–1870.
Historik utarbetad och utgiven av Försvarsstabens krigshistoriska avdel
ning. Göteborg.
Unger, C.R. & Huitfeldt, H.J. (Eds) 1864. Diplomatarium Norvegicum:
Oldbreve til kundskab om Norges indre og ydre forhold, sprog, slaegter, saeder,
lovgivning og rettergang i middelalderen. Samling 6. Oslo.
Svenskt diplomatarium. Bd 8. H. 2, 1363–1364. Utg. av Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitetsakademien och Riksarkivet. Stockholm, 1964.
Unpublished sources
Lisberg Jensen, O. 1981. Dokumentation av uppmuddrad fartygsläm
ning i Arvidsvik, Marstrand. Fornlämning Marstrand 82. Handlingar
hämtade från [http://www.fmis.raa.se/cocoon/fornsok/search.html] 25
May 2010.
Technical and administrative data
Lst dnr: Västarvet dnr:
Västarvet pnr: Fornlämningsnr: 431-5331-2010
NOK 309-2010
E199
Marstrand 102, 103, 104 och 105
Län:
Kommun: Socken: Fastighet: Västra Götalands län
Kungälvs kommun
Marstrands socken
Muskeviken, vattenområde i Marstrands hamn
Ek. karta:
Läge: Meter över havet: Koordinatsystem: 7A 5j, 7A 5a
X 6426100, Y 1249900
-0,5 till -2 m
RT 90, 2,5g V
Uppdragsgivare: Ansvarig institution: Projektledare: Fältpersonal: Per Hultengren
Bohusläns museum
Staffan von Arbin
Staffan von Arbin, Matthew Gainsford, Delia Ní Chíobháin
Fältarbetstid: Arkeologtimmar: Dyktid: Undersökt yta: 28 april 2010
24
5
38 m2
Arkiv: Fynd: Bohusläns museums arkiv
Inga fynd omhändertogs
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Appendices
Appendix 1. Plan over the investigation area with test trenches and wrecks
marked. Scale 1:500. Permission for distribution approved by the Security Officer. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 601-2008/3017.
Plan över förundersökningsområdet med provgropar och vrak markerade. Skala
1:500. Godkänd ur sekretessynpunkt för spridning. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25.
Dnr 601-2008/3017.
Appendix 2. Ortophoto over Marstrands harbour area with known an-
cient remains marked. Lycke 196 is outside the image. Permission for distribution approved by the Security Officer. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 6012008/3017.
Ortofoto över Marstrands hamnområde med kända fornlämningar markerade.
Lycke 196 utanför bild. Godkänd ur sekretessynpunkt för spridning. Lantmäteriet 2009-04-01. Dnr 601-2009/1030.
Appendix 3. Test trenches with descriptions and finds.
Provgropar med beskrivning och fynd.
Appendix 4. Rapport on dendrochronological and wood anatomy analysis of
the wrecks Marstrand 104 and 102. Consultant Thomas Bartholin.
Rapport över dendrokronologiska och vedanatomiska analyser av fartygslämningarna Marstrand 104 och 102. Konsult Thomas Bartholin.
Appendix 1. Plan over the investigation area with test trenches and wrecks marked. Scale 1:500. Permission for distribution approved by the Security Officer. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 601-2008/3017.
Plan över förundersökningsområdet. Respektive ID återfinns i bilaga 3. Skala 1:500. Godkänd ur sekretessynpunkt för
spridning. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 601-2008/3017.
Appendix 2. Ortophoto over Marstrands harbour area
with known ancient remains marked. Lycke 196 is outside the image. Permission for distribution approved by
the Security Officer. Lantmäteriet 2008-11-25. Dnr 6012008/3017.
Ortofoto över Marstrands hamnområde med kända fornlämningar markerade. Lycke 196 utanför bild. Godkänd
ur sekretessynpunkt för spridning. Lantmäteriet 2009-0401. Dnr 601-2009/1030.
Appendix 3. Test trenches with descriptions and
finds.
Provgropar med beskrivning och fynd.
Provgrop ID
Vattendjup,
meter
Beskrivning
Fynd
PG 1
1
0,5×0,5 m stor, 0,4 m djup.
Huggspån/träflis, tegelfragment, barlastflinta, läder,
kol, recent glas, klump med tjära eller beck, flintavslag,
keramik (flintgods).
PG 2
1
PG 3
PG 4
1
1
PG 5
1
PG 6
1
0,5×0,5 m stor 0,5 m djup. Förlades inom ett område där sondningen indikerat förekomst av en
träkonstruktion 0,2–0,5 m ner i
sedimenten.
0,5×0,5 m stor, 0,4 m djup.
0,5×0,5 m stor, 0,4 m djup.
1×1 m stor 0,2 m djup. Grävdes
ned till ett underliggande lager
med (naturliga?) stenar.
Friläggning av 0,5×0,3×0,1 m
stor yta inom ”Muskeviken 8” i
syfte att möjliggöra dendrokronologisk provtagning.
Laggbandsfragment, tegelfragment, recent glas,
huggspån/träflis, porslin, djurben, djurtand, barlastflinta, keramik (stengods), delar av järnkedja.
Tegel, träflis/huggspån, tränagel.
Tegel, träflis/huggspån.
Tegel, recent glas, träflis/huggspån.
Tegel, recent glas, träflis/huggspån, barlastflinta.
Bilaga 4.4.Rapport
dendrokronologiska
ochanatomy
vedanatomiska
fartygslämningarna
Marstrand
Appendix
Rapport över
on dendrochronological
and wood
analysis of analyser
the wrecks av
Marstrand
104 and 102. Consultant:
Thomas
104
och
102.
Konsult:
Thomas
Bartholin.
Bartholin.
Rapport över dendrokronologiska och vedanatomiska analyser av fartygslämningarna Marstrand 104 och 102. Konsult: Thomas Bartholin.
Staffan von Arbin
Bohusläns museum/Västarvet
Museigatan 1
Box 403
451 19 Uddevalla
Schweden
Dendrokronologiske og vedanatomiske analyser af 2 vrag fra Bohus län.
Muskeviken 7: Vedpröve af Fagus silvatica, bok.
Muskeviken 8:
Prov 1, 0115020, ek, bottenstock, x x24 cm, 164 årringe, 11 målte + ca 10 ikke målbare årringe i
splint. Yderste måle årring dateres til 1614, hertil skal lägges de ca. 10 år og hvad der eller kan
mangle af splintårringe: Ingen eller op til ca 5. Fäldningstidspunktet er herefter ca. 1625-1630.
Prov 2, 0115021, ek, radial bordplanke, 3x20 cm, 154 årringe, ingen splint. Yderste årringe er fra
1586.
Begge pröver passer fint sammen og har antagelig vokset i samme bestand. Träerne kan have vokset
i Danmark eller Vestsverige, bedst er ligheden mod Nordjylland.
Et större antal pröver vil kunne bidrage til at präcisere skibenes bygningsår og tömmerets herkomst.
Pröverne opbevares på Nationalmuseet i Köbenhavn.
Wentorf, den 26. september 2010.
Med venlig hilsen og tak for uppdraget.
Thomas Bartholin,
Am Haidberg 18
D 21 465 Wentorf.
0049 40 720 1821
[email protected]
(115017.21.vrak. Sendt pr. mail dd)
I Marstrands hamn döljer sig en mängd fartygslämningar och rika hamnkulturlager som berättar om Marstands långa och
spännande historia. Resultaten av de marinarkeologiska undersökningarna omfattar en tidsperiod från senmedeltid fram
till idag och ger en inblick i det vardagliga livet likväl som storpolitiska konflikter och europeiska kontaktnät.
Rapporten som du håller i handen ingår i serien Arkeologi i Marstrands hamn och beskriver en arkeologisk förundersökning i Muskeviken som utfördes 2010 av Västarvet genom Bohusläns museum.
Marstrand 102, 103, 104 och 105
Delia Ní Chíobháin

Åter till Muskeviken

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