Following in the family footsteps

Following
in the
family
footsteps
Explore Scotland with 15
trails of historic sites linked
to great Scottish surnames.
Welcome home.
Supported by
Brought to you by
Historic Scotland
National Trust for Scotland
Historic Houses Association
Great battles, dark deeds,
amazing people – this is the
start of a journey
deep into the real
history of Scotland.
Looking out over Glencoe
namesake
With 15
heritage trails,
your family history
is here to be discovered.
Follow in the footsteps of the people who shaped the nation’s
history. This leaflet is your quick guide to historic sites linked
to 15 great Scottish surnames and an insight into the lives of
these characters.
If you share one of these names then it is a route back through
the centuries to your own family roots. All made their mark
on Scottish history and many have now spread round the
world. The trails have been created for 2009, Scotland’s Year
of Homecoming – the biggest-ever celebration of Scottish
culture and heritage.
Each of the highlighted sites are open to the public
(unless otherwise stated). All sites are in care of either
Historic Scotland, or the National Trust for Scotland,
or the site is a member of the Historic Houses Association.
They include a wide variety of castles, palaces, abbeys,
mansions and battlefields so you can pick and choose which
ones to see according to your tastes, interests and timetable.
For more detailed information about each of the sites,
visit www.historic-scotland.gov.uk or www.nts.org.uk
or www.hha.org.uk
Family Names:
• Bruce
• Campbell
• Douglas
• Forbes
• Fraser
• Gordon
• Graham
• Grant
• Hamilton
• Lindsay
• MacDonald
• Maxwell
• Murray or Moray
• Scott
• Stewart or Stuart
page
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1
Bruce
Melrose Abbey
The Bruces had already
come a long way before
they settled in southwest Scotland and began
their rise to kingship.
The name originates
from Bruys or Bruis
(now Brix) in Normandy.
As followers of William the Conqueror they
had been part of his invasion of England in
1066. And later they decided to head north.
History and characters
Robert the Bruce, who was crowned king of
Scotland in 1306, was undoubtedly the most
famous member of the clan.
But his family had long coveted the throne –
with his grandfather Robert de Bruce, Lord of
Annandale, claiming he should be king after the
death of Alexander III and his heir, the Maid of
Norway, left the succession wide open.
Edward I settled the throne on the Balliol family
and John I became king. But following Edward
I’s invasion of 1296, and Balliol’s subsequent
deposition, the Scots embarked on the bloody
Wars of Independence.
After changing allegiance between the two
sides, Robert eventually came out openly against
Edward of England in 1304. He was proclaimed
King Robert I at Scone in 1306 and commenced
a long battle for recognition of his kingship and
for Scotland’s independence. This culminated in
his spectacular defeat of Edward II’s forces at the
Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.
In 1323, Robert the Bruce gave the land at Crathes
Castle, (see map) including the Horn of Leys.
Robert agreed a peace treaty with England in 1328
and died the following year. His body is buried at
Dunfermline Abbey and his heart at Melrose Abbey.
He was succeeded by his son, David II, followed by
his grandson Robert II – the first Stewart king – who
reigned from 1371 to 1390.
The Bruces of Clackmannan were descended
from a cousin of Robert I. In 1633, Thomas
Bruce of Kinloss, a descendant of the 7th Lord
Clackmannan, was created Earl of Elgin, with his
chief residence at Broomhall, Fife.
Culross
Bannockburn
Key Bruce sites
1
Balvenie Castle
2
Bannockburn
3
Bothwell Castle
4
Clackmannan Tower
5
Crathes Castle
6
Culross
7
Dunstaffnage Castle
8
Dunfermline Abbey and Palace
9
Hermitage Castle
10 Inverlochy Castle
11 Loch Doon Castle
12 Lochleven Castle
13 Lochmaben Castle
14 Melrose Abbey
15 Muness Castle
16 Scone Palace
17 Urquhart Castle
Another Great Bruce
Bruces have not all been fighters for Scottish
independence, indeed James, 8th Earl of Elgin and
12th Earl of Kincardine was a loyal servant of the
British Empire.
Born in 1811 he became governor of Jamaica,
governor-in-chief of British North America
(Canada) and viceroy of India.
His career in the east saw him credited with saving
British rule in India, cowing the Chinese – he also
legalised the opium trade – and achieving a treaty
with Japan before returning to Britain as a hero.
2
3
Campbell
Kilchurn Castle
Glencoe
Among the most famous
and successful of the
Scottish clans, the
traditional heartlands
of Campbell power were
in Argyll – but eventually
reached far beyond.
The Glencoe Massacre of 1692 was one of the
most notorious episodes in Campbell history.
William of Orange offered Jacobite clans a pardon
for supporting the deposed James VII if they swore
an oath of allegiance. Alastair MacIain, chief of the
MacDonalds of Glencoe, missed the deadline after
awaiting word from James VII. The government
ordered Robert Campbell of Glenlyon to put
the MacDonalds of Glencoe to the sword as an
example to others.
Key Campbell sites
The name
A very different representative of clan history
was John Lorne Campbell, 20th century Scottish
folklorist who wrote about Hebridean and Gaelic
Culture. He and his wife Margaret Fay Shaw
bought and lived on the Island of Canna. They
created an important national archive of Gaelic
literature, photographs and songs which is still in
Canna House today.
Said to come from the Gaelic, caim beul, meaning
‘crooked mouth’. The family had its origins in the
ancient kingdom of Dalriada and claim descent
from the warrior Duibhne.
History and Characters
Sir Neil Campbell was a leading supporter of
Robert the Bruce during some of his darkest hours
and was rewarded with lands confiscated from
the MacDougalls of Lorn. In centuries to come the
family grew in power through the Highlands and
islands, often as close allies of the Crown.
They became Earls of Argyll and Lords of
Glenorchy, with branches in many other parts of
the country, sometimes gaining notoriety for their
success in acquiring lands from others, such as
their one-time allies the MacGregors.
Among the most famous Campbells was
Archibald, 9th Earl of Argyll, who sympathised
with the Covenanters and was charged with
treason. After escaping from Edinburgh Castle he
fled to Holland. Following the death of Charles
II, Argyll attempted an invasion in favour of the
king’s illegitimate son the Duke of Monmouth but
was caught and executed in June 1685.
4
Important Branches
1
Argyll’s Lodging
2
Burg
3
Canna
4
Carnasserie Castle
5
Castle Campbell
6
Castle Sween
7
Cawdor Castle
8
Crarae Garden
9
Culloden
Castle Campbell
10 Dunstaffnage Castle
11 Edinburgh Castle
12 Glencoe
13 Inveraray Castle
14 Kilchurn Castle
15 Skipness Castle
Loch Awe/Argyll: The Campbells of Loch Awe/
Argyll are descendants of Sir Neil’s younger son.
They became Earls, then Marquises and Dukes
of Argyll. The family moved to Inveraray from an
island home at Innischonnell on Loch Awe.
Breadalbane: Black Colin of Glenorchy was the
first of the line which dates from 1432. In 1681
Sir John Campbell, 11th of Glenorchy, was made
Earl of Breadalbane.
Cawdor: Muriel Calder, yellow-haired heiress of
Cawdor, married Sir John Campbell, son of the
Earl of Argyll, in 1510. John Frederick Campbell
became Earl of Cawdor in 1827.
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/homecoming
5
Douglas
Inside Edinburgh Castle
One of Lowland
Scotland’s greatest
families, the Douglases
played a far-reaching
role in our history,
gaining titles, vast
estates and huge wealth.
Some of our most
impressive strongholds
are testament to their
might.
The name
Derived from the Gaelic dubh glas, or black
water, referring to the River Douglas in South
Lanarkshire, where the family’s 12th century
origins can be traced.
History
Among the most celebrated Douglases was the
Good Sir James, known as ‘the Black Douglas’
after his mane of jet-black hair, a loyal supporter
of King Robert Bruce. After the king died in
1329, Sir James set off on a crusade carrying
Bruce’s heart but was killed fighting the Moors
in Spain. The symbol of Bruce’s ‘bludy hert’ was
incorporated into the Douglas arms.
In 1388, the 2nd Earl died in battle with no heir
and his titles were split between illegitimate
members of the family. The senior line was
known as Black Douglases and the junior line,
Red Douglases.
6
The Black Douglases
From their rise to power during the Wars of
Independence until their fall some 150 years
later, the Black Douglases were embroiled
in battle and feud. The 3rd Earl earned the
name Archibald the Grim for his formidable
countenance and was famous for wielding a
sword so great no other man could lift it. His
son, Archibald, 4th Earl, was renowned as one
of Europe’s finest soldiers, on whom the French
king bestowed the Dukedom of Touraine.
William, the 6th Earl, and his young brother
were murdered in 1440 after the infamous Black
Dinner at Edinburgh Castle due to fears about
their power. Twelve years later James II murdered
the 8th Earl at Stirling Castle and proceeded
to capture all their castles. By 1455 the Black
Douglases were history.
The Red Douglases
This branch of the family, who began as Earls of
Angus, led James II’s army against their own Black
Douglas kin at Arkinholm in 1455. However,
in 1491 Archibald, the 5th Earl, entered into
a treasonable pact with Henry VII of England,
only to be brought back into line when James IV
besieged his castle at Tantallon.
Melrose Abbey
Aberdour Castle
Key Douglas sites
1
Aberdour Castle
2
Balvenie Castle
3
Bannockburn
4
Bishop’s & Earl’s Palaces, Kirkwall
5
Bothwell Castle
6
Drumlanrig Castle
7
Edinburgh Castle
8
Falls of Glomach
9
Lincluden Collegiate Church
10 Lochleven Castle
11 Lochmaben Castle
12 Hermitage Castle
13 Melrose Abbey
14 Morton Castle
15 St Bride’s Church
16 Spynie Palace
17 Stirling Castle
18 Sweetheart Abbey
19 Tantallon Castle
20 Threave Castle
After the abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots
in 1567 it was a Douglas who took control of
government. This was James, 4th Earl of Morton
who acted as Regent on behalf of the infant
King James VI. In 1689, James, Earl of Angus and
Marquis of Douglas, raised the Cameronian
Regiment to fight for William of Orange,
while James, 2nd Duke of Queensberry,
engineered the 1707 Act of Union that
created the United Kingdom.
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/homecoming
7
Forbes
Balvenie Castle
An ancient Aberdeenshire
family which can trace
its roots back to the
12th century and has its
earliest origins linked to
a brave hero of folklore.
History and Characters
Said to be descendants of Ochonochar, who
killed a ferocious bear in the Braes of Forbes in
Aberdeenshire, the family’s first recorded member
was John Forbes in the time of King William the
Lion (1165-1214). A later John Forbes, (whose
grandfather fell defending Urquhart Castle against
the English in 1303, and whose father fell fighting
the English at Dupplin in 1332) had four sons from
whom sprang the Forbeses of Pitsligo, Culloden,
Waterton and Foveran, and the House of Newe
in Strathdon. In the reign of James I (1406-37)
John’s descendant, Alexander, became the
1st Lord Forbes.
Sir Alexander de Forbes played an important role
during the Wars of Independence. When Edward I
invaded Scotland in 1296, one of the castles seized
by him was Urquhart. After being reclaimed by
the Scots, it was attacked again in 1303 by the
English who seized it despite a strong defence by Sir
Alexander de Forbes, who was killed in the aftermath.
In the 16th century, a tragedy, recalled in the
traditional ballad of Edom o’ Gordon befell the
Forbeses of Corgarff. In 1571, during a bitter feud
between the Forbeses and the Gordons, Adam
Gordon of Auchindoun, kinsman of the 4th Earl of
Huntly, and his men attacked Corgarff Castle.
The laird was away and his wife, Margaret Forbes,
refused Gordon’s men entry. In retaliation, they
burned the castle killing all 24 occupants including
Margaret, her family and their servants.
Key Forbes sites
A Forbes immortalised for more positive reasons
was the educated and well-travelled William Forbes
– ‘Willie the Merchant’ or ‘Danzig Willie’ – who made
his money trading with the Baltic, Scandinavia and
the Low Countries. In the early 17th century, he
invested in lands in Aberdeenshire and bought the
unfinished Craigievar Castle from the Mortimers,
who had run out of money. Forbes dedicated himself
to its completion, employing the best architects and
masons. Unfortunately he died only a year after the
project was finished but today Craigievar, which is
largely unaltered, stands as a monument to his vision.
1
Corgarff Castle
2
Craigievar Castle
3
Culloden
4
Fyvie Castle
5
Tolquhon Castle
6
Urquhart Castle
Tolquhon Castle
Fyvie Castle
Another famous family member was Duncan Forbes
of Culloden. As President of the Court of Session,
he opposed the cause of The Old Pretender, James
Francis Edward Stuart in 1745, but used his position
to counter reprisals against the Highlanders.
Through the centuries, many different branches
or cadets of the Forbes family developed: the
Forbeses of Pitsligo, Boyndlie, Callendar, Castleton,
Rothiemay, Culquohonny, Culloden, Tolquhon,
Waterton, Thainston, Pitnacalder, Foveran, Brux,
Ledmacoy, Belnabodach, Kildrummy, Towie,
Invernan, Corsindae, Balfluig, Monymusk, Leslie,
Corse, Craigievar and Echt. The current chief of the
clan, Malcolm, Lord Forbes lives in Aberdeenshire,
at Castle Forbes (not open to the public as a visitor
attraction). The castle is on the same estate where
the family has lived for over 600 years.
Party at the palace 1503
buy online in advance to
beat the queues and save
on your admission costs at
10%
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk
8
9
Fraser
Kinnaird Head Castle Lighthouse
Renowned for their
fighting spirit, the Frasers
probably descended from
followers of William I
who invaded England in
1066 and the name may
come from La Frézeliere,
in Anjou’s Loire Valley.
They arrived in Lowland Scotland in the
12th century before moving north to become
closely linked with Highland Aberdeenshire.
History and Characters
The first recorded Fraser was Simon, who
granted an East Lothian church to Kelso
Abbey around 1160.
By 1200, they were Lords of Oliver
(now Tweedsmuir), in Upper Tweeddale.
Simon Fraser of Oliver was a key figure in
the Wars of Independence, leading the Scots
to an unexpected victory at Roslin in 1303
– for which Edward I of England never
forgave him. He was captured in 1306,
after attending Robert the Bruce’s
coronation, and executed. Simon’s
body was burned and his severed
head displayed, beside that of
William Wallace, on a pike at
London Bridge.
By 1400, the Frasers were established in the
Highlands. Fraser of Philorth in Buchan became
Lord Saltoun in 1445 and Hugh Fraser became
Lord Lovat in 1460. The family had ambitions to
spread their power west across the Highlands
but their plans were quashed. In 1544, the
Frasers took on the MacDonalds in one of the
bloodiest clan fights in history, Blar-na-Leine.
The name translates as ‘field of shirts’ because
the battle was fought in such a heat that the
clansmen had to strip off. Some 300 Frasers –
including their chief and his son – were left dead
on the battlefield near Loch Lochy.
Falkland Palace
Castle Fraser
Key fraser sites
1
Castle Fraser
2
Culloden
3
Falkland Palace
4
Kinnaird Head Castle Lighthouse & Museum
Another Fraser with ambitions was Alexander
Fraser, 7th of Philorth, who in the middle of the
16th century planned to transform the fishing
hamlet of Faithlie into a major commercial
success. Renaming it Fraserburgh, he built its
harbour in 1546.
Other notable Frasers included Simon, 6th Lord
Lovat, who in 1596 married Jean, daughter of
James Stewart, 1st Lord Doune, at Falkland Palace
in the presence of James VI. His descendant,
Simon, 11th Lord Lovat, regularly switched
loyalties between the exiled Stuart dynasty
and the Hanoverian George I and George II.
At Culloden in 1746 he fought as a Jacobite, for
which he was captured and beheaded on Tower
Hill, London, the last nobleman in Britain to be
given that dubious honour.
Countless other Frasers exhibited the family’s
fighting spirit in the Scottish Wars of
Independence, the Jacobite risings and both
World Wars. There is still a Fraser battalion in the
Royal Regiment of Scotland.
The present chief is Flora Marjory Fraser, 20th Lady
Saltoun, an active member of the House of Lords.
10
11
Gordon
Huntly Castle
From obscure origins in
12th-century Berwickshire,
the Gordons became the
greatest clan in northeast Scotland, wielding
great influence from their
base in the Huntly area of
Aberdeenshire.
Their rise to power began in the 14th century
and reached its peak 200 years later under
the 4th Earl of Huntly. Favoured by royalty,
the Gordons held high office and were
renowned warriors.
History and Characters
Initially supporters of King John Balliol, the
Gordons changed their allegiance to Robert I
before the Battle of Bannockburn, a move which
shaped the family’s destiny. Bruce rewarded Sir
Adam Gordon with the Aberdeenshire estate
of Strathbogie and trusted him to take the
Declaration of Arbroath to Pope John XXII in
Avignon, France in 1320.
Clan and Castle
tells the
stories of
Scotland’s
greatest families
Priced
In 1556, Earl George Gordon welcomed
Queen Marie of Guise to Huntly Castle with a
1,000-strong guard of honour and excessively
lavish hospitality. His efforts to impress backfired,
however, as Marie’s French Ambassador urged her
to ‘clip the wings’ of the Cock o’ the North, fearing
his wealth might challenge the throne.
The most famous family member was George
Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, and
British Prime Minister from 1852-55. As the
first politician to forge close links with Europe,
and in particular, France, he and French Foreign
Secretary Guizot coined the expression ‘entente
cordiale’. Hamilton-Gordon is most remembered
for taking the country into the Crimean War.
Greatly criticised for his management of it,
he was forced to resign. Queen Victoria, who
favoured him, visited Haddo House in 1857 and
planted two magnificent Wellingtonia trees
which still stand today.
Ruthven Barracks
Haddo House Garden & Country Park
Key Gordon sites
1
Auchindoun Castle
2
Fyvie Castle
3
Glenbuchat Castle
4
Greenknowe Tower
5
Haddo House Garden & Country Park
6
Huntly Castle
7
Inverlochy Castle
8
Ruthven Barracks
9
Threave Castle
10 Threave House & Gardens
11 Torridon
12 Urquhart Castle
Hamilton-Gordon’s son, George, 6th Earl of
Aberdeen, succeeded him in 1864. Unwilling to
take on the responsibility of running the Haddo
Estate at just 23, he escaped to North America
and worked, under a false identity, as a lumberjack
and a sailor. Although he intended to return
home and take on his familial duties he was swept
overboard and drowned in Australia in 1871.
Today, the clan chief is the Marquis of Huntly,
who lives in Aboyne Castle – a private residence
which is not open to the public.
£4.95
Available from Historic Scotland
bookshops and online at:
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/shop
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13
Graham
Killiecrankie
Their numbers include
the infamous and the
celebrated.
One Graham assassinated a Scottish king
while, centuries later, another sacrificed
everything attempting to restore the
Stewarts to the throne.
History
In the 12th century King David I granted the lands
of Abercorn and Dalkeith, in Lothian, to Sir William
de Graham. (The name is derived from a place,
probably in France, hence ‘de Graham’ – meaning
from a place called Graham.)
During the Wars of Independence against
England, the ‘gallant Grahams’ included Sir
Patrick, the royal standard bearer, who was
killed at the Battle of Dunbar in 1296, and Sir
John Graham of Dundaff, who fell at the Battle
of Falkirk in 1298. James II created Sir Patrick
Graham of Kincardine who became the 1st Lord
Graham prior to 1445; his grandson was made
Earl of Montrose by James IV.
Two branches of the family sprang from
marriages with the Stewarts. The son of Sir
Patrick Graham and Euphemia Stewart was
Malise Graham who became Earl of Menteith
in 1427. Branches of this family include the
Grahams of Gartmore, Redknock, Boquhapple,
and the Eskdale Grahams – celebrated as Border
rievers in ballad and legend.
Sir William Graham of Kincardine married Mary
Stewart, a daughter of King Robert II (1371-90),
and their five sons founded the Graham families
of Fintry, Claverhouse, Duntrune, Garvoch, and
Knockdolian.
14
A prominent member of the family was the clan
chief James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
(1612-50). He initially supported the Covenant
of 1638, which rejected Charles I’s attempts
to impose episcopal worship in Scotland. But
latterly, Montrose supported the king in the civil
war against the Covenanters, leading the Royalist
forces to victory at numerous battles including
Tippermuir and Kilsyth.
His descendant, James Graham, 4th Marquess
was elevated to become the 1st Duke of
Montrose in 1707. The current holder is
James Graham, 8th Duke.
Important figures
Huntly Castle
Glamis Castle
Key graham sites
1
Arbroath Abbey
2
Blair Castle
3
Castle Campbell
4
Claypotts Castle
5
Corgarff Castle
6
Glamis Castle
7
Glenfinnan Monument
8
Huntly Castle
9
Inverlochy Castle
10 Killiecrankie
11 St Andrews Castle
In the 15th century Sir Robert Graham was
banished from court by King James I. He decided
on bloody revenge and, with seven co-conspirators,
burst into the king’s rooms in Perth in February
1437. The king had hidden in a sewer, but could
not escape as the exit had been blocked a few days
before, so he was discovered and stabbed to death.
Sir Robert was caught, tortured and executed.
John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee
brought the family great fame when he rallied
the Highland clans to the cause of the exiled King
James VII and II who was deposed in Scotland in
1689. Known as ‘Bonnie Dundee’, he fought for
the restoration of James, who had been ousted
because he demanded absolute power. Graham
led the Jacobites to arguably their greatest victory
at Killiecrankie in 1689 but was fatally wounded in
the very moment of victory.
Another famous Graham, Robert Bontine
Cunninghame Graham (1852-1936), earned
lasting fame as first President of the Scottish
Labour Party (1888), first President of the
National Party of Scotland (1928) and first
President of the Scottish National Party (1934).
15
Grant
Arniston House
A Highland clan from
the north of Scotland,
the Grants helped shape
the legal, agricultural
and industrial systems
of the nation.
Tradition says their founder was Gregor
Mor MacGregor who lived in 12th century
Strathspey.
History
The Grants make their first appearance in
historical records during the 13th century with
Sir Laurence Grant who was Sheriff of Inverness in
1263. Duncan Grant, younger son of Ian Ruadh
Grant, Sheriff of Inverness in 1434, founded the
Grants of Freuchie (now Grantown-on-Spey).
Later Grants became Earls of Seafield.
One of the most important historical figures
produced by the clan was the lawyer Sir Francis
Grant of Monymusk. During the 1650s he studied
Roman law in Holland and was responsible for
developing Scotland’s modern legal system.
It is due to Sir Francis that the legal systems of
Scotland and England operate in different ways.
Perhaps ironically he was also responsible for the
drafting of the Act of Union with England in 1707.
Sir Archibald Grant, son of Sir Francis, was a famed
agriculturalist who enclosed and cleared land
at Monymusk House for his experiments. He is
recognised for bringing together the ideas of Lord
Townsend on the rotation of crops and Jethro Tull
on the mechanisation of agriculture – one of the
great leaps forward in Scottish farming.
16
Despite the family’s involvement in the birth of
the Union, Alexander Grant led a contingent of
his clansmen into battle for the Jacobites at
Culloden in 1746. His great-grandson William
made a very different contribution to history as
founder of the whisky company which bears the
family name.
Urquhart Castle
Culloden
Key Grant sites
1
Arniston House
2
Ballindalloch Castle
3
Culloden
4
Urquhart Castle
Thanks to the efforts of Sir James Grant, chief
from 1773-1811, the clan was affected much less
than most by the Highland Clearances. Sir James
established a textile industry in the north and
built the town of Grantown-on-Spey for the
workers. This provided employment for local
people so they did not have to emigrate.
The current head of the clan is the Rt. Hon the
Lord Strathspey, Sir James Patrick Trevor Grant of
Grant, 6th Baron Strathspey, 33rd hereditary Clan
chief of Clan Grant.
Urquhart Castle
The tall and thick-walled Grant Tower is the most
impressive remaining feature of Urquhart Castle
which stands on the banks of Loch Ness.
The castle and its spectacular surrounding
countryside were given to the Grants in
1509 by King James IV.
His gift was in gratitude for the success of
Sir Duncan Grant of Freuchie – known as the
Red Bard – in bringing order to a wild part of
the kingdom.
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/homecoming
17
Hamilton
Brodick Castle
A powerful family with
a claim to the throne
of Scotland, the
Hamiltons became Earls
of Arran and wealthy
landowners with estates
in Clydesdale, in Ayrshire,
and in West Lothian at
Kinneil and Kincavil.
History and characters
The family is descended from Walter Fitz-Gilbert
of Hameldone who, during the Wars of
Independence, was keeper of Bothwell Castle
for the English. After he changed sides he was
rewarded with the lands of Cadzow – the original
name of the town of Hamilton in Lanarkshire.
In 1474, James Lord Hamilton married Princess
Mary, widow of the Earl of Arran and a daughter
of James II. Their son became Earl of Arran in
1503 and his grandson became Marquis of
Hamilton. Brodick Castle was the residence of
the Hamiltons in their capacity as Earls of Arran.
However, the family settled at Hamilton, building
the palace (now demolished), Cadzow Castle
and Châtelherault Stables – named after the
French dukedom given to the family in 1548.
The family’s strength, claim to the throne
and support for Queen Mary led to several
campaigns against their power in the early years
of the reign of James VI and the confiscation of
Kinneil House. In the 15th and 16th centuries,
the Hamiltons and Douglases were the main
rivals to the Stewarts for the Scottish throne.
18
Blackness Castle
The families were brought together through
marriage, creating a new branch, the DouglasHamiltons, who were the Dukes of Hamilton.
Other branches of the family include the Dukes
of Abercorn and Earls of Haddington.
Key Hamilton sites
Two ill-fated members of the family during the
16th century were the Protestant martyr, Patrick
Hamilton, and Sir James Hamilton of Finnart,
Royal Master of Works. Patrick, an acclaimed
intellectual, was accused of heresy by the
Archbishop of St Andrews, and burned at the
stake. His death marked a turning point in the
Reformation. Sir James Hamilton was a mediator
after the Douglases gained control of the young
King James V and when his royal master escaped
their clutches, Finnart firmly supported him.
During the 1530s, Finnart was entrusted with
the king’s massive building projects, supervising
at Linlithgow Palace the remodelling of the
entrance façade and the construction of the
courtyard fountain, as well as the building of
the new royal palace at Stirling. Despite his
achievement the king had him executed in
1540, allegedly for his past associations with
the Douglases.
1
Balmacara Estate
2
Blackness Castle
3
Brodick Castle
4
Cadzow Castle
5
Craignethan Castle
6
Hamilton House
7
Kinneil House
8
Linlithgow Palace
9
Lochranza Castle, Arran
Lochranza Castle, Arran
10 St Andrews Castle
11 Stirling Castle
Other notable figures included John Hamilton,
Archbishop of St Andrews (1512-71) and
James, 2nd Earl of Arran and Regent of Scotland
(1516-75).
The 15th Duke of Hamilton lives in Lennoxlove
House, East Lothian. He is the premier peer of
Scotland and Hereditary Keeper of the Palace
of Holyroodhouse and conveyed the crown of
Scotland to the 1999 state opening of the new
Scottish Parliament.
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/homecoming
19
Lindsay
Edzel Castle & Gardens
A spirited and talented
clan, they first settled
in Scotland when Sir
Walter de Lindsay came to
Scotland from England
in the retinue of David I
in the 12th century.
Originally based in central Scotland, by the
14th century they had spread to the east coast
north of the Forth.
History
Walter de Lindsay was a member of King David I’s
council. His son, William, was Lord of Luffness, in
East Lothian, and Lord of Crawford, in Lanarkshire.
In 1358 Alexander Lindsay of Crawford acquired
Glenesk, in Angus, by marriage to Katherine,
heiress of John Stirling of Glenesk. Their elder son,
David, was created Earl of Crawford in 1398.
The Lindsays, known as ‘the Lichtsome (or
carefree) Lindsays’, made their mark on history
as warriors, politicians and poets. In the 13th
century they were involved in the Crusades;
they also fought alongside Wallace and Bruce
during the Wars of Independence with England.
Following their move to Angus, their chief rivals
were the Ogilvies, with whom there was a long
and bitter feud. One example of fighting spirit
is that when Sir James Lindsay’s wife, Margaret
Keith, was besieged at Fyvie Castle by her
nephew she ordered all the family pewter to be
melted down and the molten metal poured on
the heads of the attackers.
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Leading figures
David, 1st Earl of Crawford, performed so well in
a tournament in London in 1390 that rumours
went round that he was tied to the saddle – until
he leapt off his horse. Tournaments could be
about more than entertainment. In 1396 Lindsay
organised a large-scale judicial tournament at
Perth, known as the Battle of the Clans, to settle
a feud between Clan Chattan (Mackintosh) and
Clan Kay (Mackay), resulting in the deaths of
almost all the contestants.
Interior of Fyvie Castle
Key Lindsay sites
1
Edzell Castle & Gardens
2
Fyvie Castle
3
Glamis Castle
4
Lindsay Burial Aisle
Poet, diplomat and playwright Sir David Lyndsay
of the Mount (c.1486-1555) was a muchadmired courtier who was given special charge
of the young King James V. Much of his work,
including the play Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis,
which was performed at Linlithgow Palace at
Christmas 1540, called for reform of the clergy.
When Cardinal Beaton was assassinated
by a group of Fife lairds who then occupied
St Andrews Castle, he was trusted to negotiate
between them and the Catholic government.
Among the most colourful and controversial
members of the family was Alexander Lindsay,
6th Earl of Balcarres (1752-1825). As an officer in
the American War of Independence he frustrated
an offensive led by Benedict Arnold after the
British defeat at Saratoga but was eventually
captured and imprisoned. On meeting Arnold
in London he called him a traitor – which led
to a duel. Arnold shot and missed, whereupon
Lindsay walked away without firing. As Governor
of Jamaica he was censured for keeping a pig in
his official residence.
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/homecoming
21
MacDonald
Urquhart Castle
The great clan of the
Highlands and Islands,
the MacDonalds’ origins
lie in the Hebrides and
the Gaelic-Norse empire
that emerged from early
Viking incursions.
The family is descended from the
12th century Somerled, Lord of Argyll,
who married Ragnhilde, daughter of Olaf
the Red of Norway. The name comes from
Donald of Islay, Somerled’s grandson.
History and Characters
Donald’s grandson Angus Og (‘young Angus’) was
the father of John of Islay who styled himself Lord
of the Isles and whose descendants founded many
branches of the family.
Angus Og supported Robert I at Bannockburn
and was rewarded with extensive lands. His son
John married a sister of King Robert II in 1371 but
relations between the independent Gaelic lordship
and the Stewart kings of Scotland were always
uneasy. In 1402 Donald, 2nd Lord of the Isles, took
the Earldom of Ross by force and would have gone
further but was stopped at the Battle of Harlaw in
1411. Thereafter the two dynasties were set for a
showdown. In 1429 Alexander, 3rd Lord of the Isles,
was imprisoned at Tantallon Castle.
22
In 1431 his supporters defeated a royal army at
Inverlochy and negotiated his release. In 1462
John MacDonald, 4th Lord of the Isles, made
a treasonable pact with Edward IV of England.
He was forced to forfeit his title in 1493. The
Lordship of the Isles was ended and never again
was there such a powerful base of Gaelic culture.
The most tragic event in MacDonald history was
the Glencoe Massacre of 1692. Many Highland
clans were seen as a threat to William of Orange
as they openly supported the deposed Stuart
king, James VII. All chiefs were ordered to sign
an oath of allegiance to King William. The
chief of the MacDonalds of Glencoe, Alexander
MacDonald or Maclain, signed but was detained
by soldiers so missed the deadline. A decision
was made to make an example of the clan.
Soldiers from the Campbell-dominated Argyll’s
Regiment were sent to Glencoe and were
sheltered by the MacDonalds in their own
homes for 12 days. On 13 February, the soldiers
were ordered to slaughter their hosts. Many
MacDonalds were murdered and others died
of exposure escaping through a blizzard. The
MacDonalds later formed a core part of the
Jacobite armies that fought for the restoration
of the Stuarts at Killiecrankie (1689), at
Sheriffmuir (1715), at Glenshiel (1719) and at
Culloden (1746).
Glencoe
Key MacDonald sites
1
Castle Sween
2
Culloden
3
Dunstaffnage Castle
4
Glencoe
5
Glenfinnan Monument
6
Iona Abbey
7
Newhailes
8
Skipness Castle
9
Strome Castle
10 Tantallon Castle
11 Urquhart Castle
A famous clan member was Flora MacDonald
who helped Bonnie Prince Charlie escape after
Culloden. Disguised as an Irish maidservant,
the prince sailed with Flora from Benbecula to
Skye and travelled overland to Portree. She was
arrested and imprisoned in Dunstaffnage Castle
and then the Tower of London, but released
in 1747. She married and emigrated to North
Carolina but eventually returned to Skye where
she is buried.
23
Maxwell
Sweetheart Abbey
The Maxwells (de
Maccuswell) first appear
in South-East Scotland
in the 12th century.
They became lords of
Caerlaverock in the
Scottish West March
where the family made
their permanent home.
History
Sir John de Maxwell, Chamberlain of Scotland,
acquired the rich estate of Caerlaverock – which
soon became the chief seat of the family – from
Alexander II around 1220. Heirless, Sir John
was succeeded by his brother Aymer from
whom sprang a number of Maxwell branches.
A descendant, Herbert, was made Lord Maxwell
by James II.
As wardens of the West March, the family was
entrusted with defending the border with England.
Robert, 9th Lord Maxwell, was created Earl of
Nithsdale by James VI in 1620. Earl Robert was a
builder, diplomat and royalist who created a
beautiful Renaissance house within the walls of
Caerlaverock Castle. Yet within six years it was
under siege. A supporter of King Charles I, he had
held Threave Castle in 1639 with a small garrison
against the Covenanting army before the monarch
authorised his surrender, after which he walked
free with honour. Despite this, he continued
resistance. In 1640 he and 200 men held
Caerlaverock for 13 weeks before the king once
again gave permission to surrender.
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Caerlaverock Castle
The Maxwells of Pollok, in Glasgow, who were
descended from the Earl of Nithsdale, built Pollok
House in the mid-18th century. Designed by the
architect William Adam, father of the ‘Adam’ style,
the house and surrounding parkland were gifted
to Glasgow in 1967. Pollok Country Park now
contains a purpose-built museum for the Burrell
Collection, which includes 9,000 works of art,
gifted to Glasgow in 1944 by Sir William Burrell.
Key Maxwell sites
Caerlaverock Castle
1
Caerlaverock Castle
2
Drumcoltran Tower
3
Newark Castle
4
Orchardton Tower
5
Pollok House
6
Sweetheart Abbey
7
Threave Castle
Pollok House
Among the most remarkable Scottish castles,
Caerlaverock is triangular in shape and set within
an impressive moat.
Built in the 1270s, its strength was put to the test
when Herbert de Maxwell and his son John tried
to resist the English invasion of 1300.
The garrison of 60 resisted valiantly before being
forced to surrender to a force of 3,000 soldiers
equipped with the latest siege weapons.
Some were hanged from the walls, others allowed
to go free, but the castle remained the principal
seat of the Maxwells for centuries to come.
This castle had been built to replace an earlier one
dating from the 1220s in a salt marsh just 250
metres away.
Today the new and old Caerlaverock
castles are a major visitor attraction
and are set amidst grounds that
are renowned for their plants
and wild animals.
25
Murray or Moray
Balvaird Castle
Commanders of the last
private army in Europe,
the Dukes of Atholl and
their Murray clansmen
have been leading figures
in Scotland’s history.
The name
The name comes from the north-eastern region
of Scotland called Moray, though the family are
descendants of a Flemish knight called Freskin.
History
In the 12th century much of Scotland was beyond
the effective reach of the Crown. Knights, these
as Freskin, were granted lands in these areas by
the king in return for loyalty. The family originally
settled in Strathbrock (now Uphall), in West
Lothian, became firmly entrenched in Moray
around 1150 and soon began to extend their
interests. One of Freskin’s grandsons, Walter ‘of
Moray’, Lord of Petty, acquired the great lordship
of Bothwell on the Clyde. He was an ancestor of
the Murrays of Tullibardine, forebears of the Dukes
of Atholl. Another grandson, Hugh, founded the
house of Sutherland in the time of William the
Lion (1165-1214).
Blair Castle
He died shortly afterwards, probably from
wounds. Contemporary letters speak of Murray
and Wallace as joint commanders of the army of
the kingdom of Scotland, and the community of
the realm.
Key Murray sites
There was a major setback in 1362 when the
Murrays lost Bothwell Castle to the Douglases
through marriage. However, in 1604 Sir John
Murray of Tullibardine was created Lord Murray
of Tullibardine, and then Earl of Tullibardine in
1606. William Murray, 2nd Earl, married Dorothea
Stewart, daughter of Earl John of Atholl, thus
merging the earldoms in 1607. The title became
a marquisate then a dukedom in 1703, with the
family home at Blair Castle, Blair Atholl. Lord
George Murray, son of the 1st Duke, served as
Lieutenant-General of Prince Charles Edward
Stuart’s Jacobite army in the build-up to Culloden.
1
Balvaird Castle
2
Blair Castle
3
Bothwell Castle
4
Broughton House
5
Edinburgh Castle
6
Huntingtower Castle
7
Murray Isles
8
Scone Palace
9
Strome Castle
Bothwell Castle
10 Venniehill
The Duke of Atholl is the hereditary clan chief
of Clan Murray. The current holder of the title is
the 11th Duke, John Murray, who is also Colonel
in Chief of the Atholl Highlanders, Europe’s
only remaining private army. The army has its
headquarters at Blair Castle and assembles for a
full parade under the Duke’s inspection each May.
Other branches of the clan include the Murrays
of Blackbarony, Dunerne, Ochtertyre,
Abercairney and Elibank.
The Wars of Independence produced one of the
most famous members of the clan, Sir Andrew
Murray. In 1297 he was the northern leader of
the revolt against English domination which
brought together local uprisings in Aberdeen
and Speyside. Murray and William Wallace were
key figures in the first stage of the wars. Murray, a
skilled strategist and tactician, was pivotal in the
decision to fight a battle at Stirling Bridge and in
winning a victory against overwhelming odds.
26
27
Scott
Scotstarvit Tower
In the middle ages the
clan was an important
power in the Borders, an
area rife with banditry
and warfare. It claims
descent from the sons
of a 12th-century figure
called Uchtred Filius
Scoti.
Important figures
Sir John Scot of Scotstarvit (1585-1670) was a
Privy Councillor and wrote The Staggering State
of the Scots Statesmen, a damning indictment
of Scotland’s nobility and politicians. He was
highly influential in the publication of the first
atlas of Scotland, in 1654, which relied heavily
on a survey of Scotland in the 1580s-90s by
mapmaker Timothy Pont.
Hermitage Castle
Smailholm Tower
Key Scott sites
1
Abbotsford House
2
Bowhill
3
Dryburgh Abbey
4
Hermitage Castle
5
Scotstarvit Tower
6
Smailholm Tower
Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832) was the son
of an Edinburgh lawyer but spent much of
his early childhood at Sandyknowe Farm,
by Smailholm Tower, where he was fascinated
One was Richard, the founder of the
by Border culture. An education at Edinburgh
Buccleuch line and the other was Michael, the
High School brought him into contact with
ancestor of the Scotts of Balweary. But the
the sons of aristocrats and political leaders
kindred’s most famous son was the novelist
who later became his patrons. He trained
Sir Walter Scott.
as a lawyer and became Sheriff-Depute of
Selkirkshire, but immersed himself in
History
literature. His first major publication was
Clan power was at its height in the 16th century
the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border which
when the Scotts’ main stronghold was at
draws on his time at Sandyknowe.
Branxholm and they could muster 600 fighting
men. The Scotts were often caught up in feuding,
especially with their neighbours the Kerrs.
Centuries of raiding finally ended with a peace
agreement in 1602.
The title of Duke of Buccleuch was created in 1663
when Anne Scott, 4th Countess of Buccleuch,
married James, Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate
son of King Charles II. Anne was created Duchess of
Buccleuch in her own right following her husband’s
execution. The Buccleuch family later acquired
homes at Drumlanrig, Dalkeith Palace and Bowhill.
The current duke is Richard John Walter Scott, 10th
Duke of Buccleuch, 12th Duke of Queensberry.
He is the largest private landowner in the UK and
his art collections are famous internationally.
Scott edited and published poems and
historical documents from manuscripts
throughout his career. His own original work,
which included poems and 23 novels, began
to earn fame with the Lay of the Last Minstrel.
This was followed by Marmion, The Lady of the
Lake, Rokeby and the Lord of the Isles. In 1822
he orchestrated George IV’s visit to Scotland.
Scott’s final years were blighted by a recession
and the threat of bankruptcy which he staved
off through continued writing and sale of
copyrights. Scott’s writing was hugely popular
in his own day and his importance endures for
many reasons, not least his championing of
Scottish cultural identity.
wondered where your great, great,
great, great grandfather lived?
Ever
28
29
Stewart or Stuart
Doune Castle
The Stewarts ruled
Scotland for more
than 300 years and
their many descendants
held positions of great
power throughout the
country.
The spelling of their surname changed to
Stuart in the reign of Mary Queen of Scots
who, having been raised in France, used the
French form.
History and Characters
The family went to England from Brittany with
Henry I and Walter fitz Alan was the first to settle
in Scotland in the time of David I (1124-53).
They were granted estates in Renfrewshire,
Ayrshire, East Lothian and the eastern Borders.
Their chief was also appointed High Steward
to the crown, a post which became hereditary.
Walter fitz Alan’s grandson adopted the title
as the family surname. In 1315 Walter, the 6th
Steward, married Marjorie, daughter of Robert
the Bruce. Their son was Robert II, the first
Stewart king, who reigned from 1371-90.
Robert II’s younger brother, Alexander Stewart,
Earl of Buchan – known as the Wolf of Badenoch
– was one of the most infamous family members.
In June 1390, together with a band of ‘wyld
wykkyd Helandmen’, he burned Elgin Cathedral.
Bishop Bur excommunicated Alexander – which
did little to discourage him from his ways.
Could
30
Earl Patrick Stewart, who built the Earl’s Palace
in Kirkwall around 1600, achieved notoriety
through mistreatment of the people of Orkney.
When tales of violence, starvation and slavery
at his hands reached Edinburgh, he was told to
appear before the Privy Council. Indicted on
seven counts of treason, he was imprisoned in
Edinburgh Castle and later executed.
The royal descendants of Robert II, the first four
Jameses, all suffered violent deaths. James I was
murdered at Perth in 1437, James II was killed by
an exploding cannon at Roxburgh in 1460, James
III died at the Battle of Sauchieburn in 1488, and
James IV was killed at Flodden.
Many of their descendants met tragic ends.
James V died, aged 30, shortly after the Scots
defeat by the English at Solway Moss in 1542.
His daughter, Mary Queen of Scots, was executed
by her cousin Elizabeth of England in 1587, by
which date Mary’s only son James VI was king of
Scots. He also became king of England in 1603,
uniting the crowns, after Elizabeth I’s death.
Charles I was executed by Cromwell in 1649
and James VII was deposed in 1689.
The Stewart dynasty ended in 1714 with the
death of Queen Anne although the succeeding
Hanoverian kings of the United Kingdom faced
Stewart uprisings for several generations. The
final attempt was the Jacobite rising in 1745-6.
Prince Charles Edward Stuart, known as Bonnie
Prince Charlie, landed in Scotland and led an
army into England but was eventually defeated
at Culloden in 1746.
Dumbarton Castle
Falkland Palace
Key Stewart sites
1
Balvenie Castle
2
Bishop’s & Earl’s Palaces, Kirkwall
3
Culloden
4
Blair Castle
5
Castle Campbell
6
Castle Sween
7
Claypotts Castle
8
Crichton Castle
9
Crookston Castle
10 Doune Castle
11 Dumbarton Castle
12 Dumfries House
13 Dundonald Castle
14 Earl’s Palace, Birsay
15 Edinburgh Castle
16 Falkland Palace
17 Hermitage Castle
18 Glamis Castle
19 Kildrummy Castle
20 Linlithgow Palace
21 Lochleven Castle
22 Lochmaben Castle
23 Noltland Castle
24 Rothesay Castle
25 Scalloway Castle
26 Stirling Castle
you be a descendant
of the
Royal Stewarts?
31
Meet characters from your
family’s past, see birds of prey
in action or try your skills
at archery. This year sees an
exciting variety of events
and activities at historic
attractions. Many events
are linked to the Following
in the Family Footsteps trails.
Jousting
Homecoming
Events
falconry,
re-enactments,
spectacular celebrations,
feasting, jousting
We will have lots of events
happening across Scotland this
year. These give you the chance
to find out more about the
lives, fashions, weapons and
pastimes of your ancestors.
Especially for the family trails, individual costumed
performers and small groups of re-enactors will
be at dozens of sites during the year reliving
events involving these 15 surnames.
These intimate events are ideal for all the family and
are a great opportunity to chat to the performers
and share their knowledge of the characters they
play and the times when they lived. Who knows,
you could be related to the character they play!
32
More than a dozen activities related to the
Stewarts will take place at a number of sites
including Blair, Doune and Glamis castles and
Falkland Palace.
There will also be events connected to the
Douglases at sites such as Hermitage and Threave
castles, while the great days of the Campbells will
be recalled at places including Argyll’s Lodging
and Cawdor Castle.
Memories of the Hamilton history will be
recalled at Brodick Castle, Craignethan Castle
and elsewhere, with the triumphs and disasters
of the Gordons, Frasers and MacDonalds and
others being commemorated at sites such at
Glencoe, Urquhart Castle and Haddo House
Garden and Country Park.
All the family footsteps events are included in the
standard ticket price for the property.
To find out what is taking place and when visit the
events section of the Historic Scotland website at
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/homecoming
33
The Historic Houses Association (HHA)
represents 1,500 privately owned historic
houses, castles and gardens all across the UK.
Of these around 350 are regularly open to the
public and many of the others are open on an
occasional basis. Between them they attract
about 15 million visitors a year.
Together the three organisations care for or
represent many of the finest, most famous and
popular historic visitor attractions in Scotland.
Edinburgh Castle
Arniston House
Glencoe
Where to
find out more
Fascinated who walked in
your family footsteps first?
Fancy finding the homes
of past great Scots?
There is more information about these clans,
families and famous Scots on the Historic
Scotland website www.historic-scotland.gov.uk
You will find further information including site
details, history links to names, opening times,
ticket prices, events, featurettes on famous
historic Scots and their achievements.
discounts or package
ticket offers see on-line!
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk
For
34
The website also has information about the many
other sites in our care.
Historic Scotland look after 345 sites all round
the country, including 78 visitor attractions.
Historic Scotland is the country’s largest operator
of ticketed visitor attractions.
Historic Scotland’s role is to care for these
important parts of our heritage and make them
accessible to and enjoyable for visitors.
The National Trust for Scotland (NTS) is an
independent conservation charity that protects and
promotes Scotland’s natural and cultural heritage.
It was established in 1931 and is guardian to a
wide range of magnificent architectural, scenic and
historical treasures.
Also see: www.nts.org.uk and www.hha.org.uk
Experience
over
5,000
years of history
for more details, visit
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk
www.nts.org.uk
www.hha.org.uk
35
the
biggest event
stories of some
of Scotland’s
greatest families.
The
ever staged by
Historic Scotland!
Over 120 performers will travel
from all over Britain to welcome
you as a guest to the celebration
of the marriage of King James IV
of Scotland to Margaret Tudor of
England, sister of Henry VIII.
Saturday 23 & Sunday 24 May
Party at
the
Palace
Linlithgow Palace
1503
This signature event will open with a parade
along the main street of Linlithgow, through the
impressive archway to the palace, followed by
a grand procession down into the magnificent
backdrop of Linlithgow Palace, Loch and Peel.
A large and colourful medieval encampment
depicting the powerful Douglas, Hamilton, Lindsay
and Campbell families will be a major feature as
guests are entertained with an exciting afternoon of
spectacular jousting, feats of skill and daring, music,
dancing, jesters, alchemists, falconry and lots more!
•
•
•
•
12.30pm – 5.00pm each day
Adult £12, Concession £9.50, Child £6
Family tickets available
50% discount available for Historic Scotland members
Tickets available on the day or
buy online in advance
to beat the queues and save 10%
on your admission costs at
36
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk
Informative and beautifully
illustrated.
This 68-page paperback has been specially
written for Homecoming Scotland 2009
by Historic Scotland’s principal historian
Chris Tabraham.
It reveals the history of some of the
families included in this leaflet and of
the castles they built.
£4.95
Priced
Available from
Historic Scotland
bookshops and online at:
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/shop
Working together for
Homecoming Scotland 2009.
Welcome home.
Contact Us
Historic Scotland, Longmore House, Salisbury Place,
Edinburgh EH9 1SH Tel: 0131 668 8800
Email: [email protected]
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk