Creative Strategies
Transcription
Creative Strategies
Creativity Cookbook Creative Activities for Peer Specialists and Others Using Arts, Humor and Alternative Healing 1 2 Creativity Cookbook Using Arts, Humor and Alternative Healing For Peer Specialists Creativity Cookbook is a guide of simple activities that involve creativity to be used primarily by peer providers (peer/recovery support/ specialists) who are employed in inpatient facilities, state-run institutions and/or peer-run programs. Peers are often creative and artistically inclined. Many have used their imaginations and creativity as their primary tool to get them through difficult times or to aid in their recovery process. This guide adds a dimension to what peer specialists can do; to expand the definition of their roles, to add new activities to what they have been trained to do, asserting that almost any activity can incorporate creativity whether in recovery groups, or working with individuals one on one. Consider the possibility of adding songs to groups; asking people to share their talents; conducting a game that adds fun; wearing a silly hat as an ice breaker, having a joke of the day on hand; encouraging people to write poems or aspirations, It may involve acquiring books written by consumers for the library or creating a corner for reading or listening to music. You may have a “music listening”group; asking people to describe what they heard or liked; you might get people up; dancing, interpreting sounds with movement.The possibilities are endless. We call these activities recipes because you can save them, put them in a file box and continually add your own assortment of creative ideas. They are not meant to be treatment or to parallel what Recreation or Occupational Therapists do. These are very simple: most require little preparation and few ingredients or materials. Some have a few steps to follow with items that are easily acquired or inexpensive to purchase. We list some that are 3 celebratory projects, ones that can involve other people in planning on a bigger scale. Just as a cookbook is sectioned in different categories of food this guide is categorized according to the type of artistic venue. You will find sections for music, writing, reading and humor. Other categories involve the visual arts focused on drawing and painting. We list games and songs; ones that we think will be of interest to people being served in institutional settings, most which would pass the test for safety but some still not appropriate for persons who experience self-abusive behaviors. (You may need to check with staff to make sure a particular activity is suitable for all participants) The guide is for download from your computers. It can be printed out but for now our goal is not to publish it so that we can enable anyone to use it as a virtual learning experience. You will also note that it is in black and white so that you do not have to use color printers adding to your expense. This list is by no means exhaustive. We invite you to contribute your own creative recipes, activities that are your favorites and more importantly, those that persons in your care have enjoyed and would themselves, recommend. We would like to add to this cookbook and invite you to send your own succesful creative recipes to us for further inclusion in this guide and for distribution. Please include your name and the facility or program where you are employed. Send us your comments as well. Send to: Gayle Bluebird 1106 NE 9th Ave. Gainesville, FL 32601 or email: [email protected] 4 READING James Eret Poet/Writer, James Eret, lives in San Diego, California and is a member of the Creative Arts Consortium. the San Diego poetry scene. 5 Reading Books and Magazines For many people reading is a window to the world and to the world of others who have experienced psychiatry and who share similar experiences. Yet, if you look at the bookshelves in most hospital settings you will probably find few books or even magazines that are relevant or of interest to many consumers. Here are some things you can do: 1. Tour your facility to find the types of books and magazines that are available on the units and in the hospital library. Determine if the books are recent enough to be of interest or whether they are outdated. Often you will find old Readers Digest Condensed books. Check to see if there are any books written by psychiatric survivors, as it is rare that these books have been made available in the libraries of psychiatric settings. 2. While conducting recovery groups or in individual conversations, ask participants what types of books, newspapers and magazines they like to read and make a list of them. 3. Become familiar with books written by psychiatric survivors. There are lists of these books on a variety of websites including the technical assistance centers. Also at the end of this guide is a list of recommended books. 4. After completing your inventory write a report of your findings and make a list of books that have been requested. 6 You are now ready to take some action: • Ask your supervisor to find out whether new books assist you in recommending that books be purchased for the patient library and for areas on the units where people often the appropriate administrator to purchase books for the library and patient units based on ones people have requested or that you know would be helpful to a wide audience. • Recommend that staff bring in used magazines that would be of interest to consumers. • Read excerpts from narratives or books written by consumers in recovery groups that you facilitate so that they might want to read the books themselves. • Find out how to use your local library so your clients can borrow books. Perhaps they have a Book Mobile that could come to the facility. • Most important of all, take time to enjoy reading biographies and other books written by persons with mental illness for your enjoyment and your own personal recovery. 7 LISTENING TO MUSIC “Strings 1969” by Patricia Obletz, Madison, WI 8 Listening to Music CDs, Radios and Walkmans 1. Determine the facility policy regarding music listening devices. In some facilities people are allowed to have their own as long as safety is not an issue. In some facilities, people can sign them out and in others only Walkmans without batteries can be used. 2. Determine whether there are CDs available for people to use, sign out and return. If so, is there an assortment ranging from classical to Pop to hip-hop, from big band to new age, etc? It is important to take into consideration different age groups and whether there are any CDs in different languages and/or are appropriate for persons with different cultural and ethnic diversities. 3. Be creative in finding ways to add to the collections, including, going to yard sales, websites, asking for donations from other staff and peers, and swap meets. 4. Consider having a “listening” group for music. Ask people to talk about what they liked about the music, or didn’t like. They may share something they know about the musician. 5. Consider having a guest come to perform music, preferably a consumer in the community who has written songs on recovery. 6. Consider suggesting staff training focused on the healing power of music. 9 Music Activities Enjoy the Dance Jerome Lawrence, Atlanta, GA Peer Specialist of the Georgia Mental Health Network 10 Music Activities Games and Exercises (These can be done in your recovery groups or special groups that you facilitate) 1. Lead an exercise on drawing to music. Choose music that is vibrant and lends itself to creativity. Determine the policy regarding the use of crayons and magic markers and find a way to work within the guidelines. 2. Have people express themselves through movement and dance while listening to music. 3. Musical Chairs is always popular! All you need is chairs, music and players; we all know how to set it up. Consider having small prizes at the end for the winner(s). 4. Sing-a-longs can be fun. Ask for a favorite song or print out common melodies such as “This Land is Your Land”, “What the World Needs Now”, “Kumbaya” and other familiar songs. 5. Take a simple song like “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”, have the group write new “fun” words and have them sing it. 6. Whenever possible, end groups by asking if someone has a talent and would like to share a song. Almost always there is someone who is eager to perform. This is also inspiring to other members who are in the group, including staff. 7. Write your own lyrics to a familiar tune. Here is one sung to the tune of My Favorite Things from The Sound of Music written by Shanti Vani in Gainesville, Florida. 11 Labels 1. Labels on glasses, labels on shoes. Labels on cars, labels on food. Labels on movie stars up on a screen. Why must we label human beings? 2. Democrat, Republican, political jive. “Show me your label, I’ll show you mine.” Think you are different? Inside we’re the same. Labeling people’s a dangerous game. Chorus: No more labels! No more labels! Now we know we’re free! If you want to use a label or two, Just call us you and me! 3. Black, white yellow, brown. Color me free. Inside we’re red, no labels to see. They can resist the way we feel. Can’t put labels on what is real. 4. You were created to become you. No need to label who is who. We all are equal. We have the same grace. Come on in, join the human race. Chorus: No more labels! No more labels! Now we know we’re free! If you want to use a label or two, Just call us you and me! 12 SINGING The Entertainer Series 3 Sharon Wise, Washington, D.C. Sharon is currently working with Youth Groups in Washington D.C. in an “Arts for Recovery” program. 13 Songs that Build Recovery By Carol Coussons de Reyes, Consumer Affairs Director, Nebraska, and Dr. David Furst 2009 Facilitator shares a story of a song they sing or think about often and asks: What songs do you think about or sing often? Where did they come from? Are there songs that have stayed with you for years? Facilitator States: The songs we sing can reflect feelings, emotions, memories, hopes, dreams, and fears. Most Americans feel a sense of hope when they hear or sing the lyrics of the John Lennon sing “Let It Be” or “Give Peace a Chance”. Facilitator shares a story of a song that gives them a feeling of hope and asks: What makes a song hopeful? What songs give you hope? Facilitator States: Some people think that they can’t sing. Though there are singers that when they sing they are really just talking with a rhythm, like in rap or certain meditative phrases. If a person doesn’t have an idea about how they want to do these, they often just sing along with another person or a recording. Most people have anxiety about being off key or singing a different note than others. Facilitator: Lead group in singing this song to any melody or rhythm you choose or the group chooses. Facilitator states : I have some words here that we are going to sing together. Who wants to find a note and rhythm for the words? (If no one, facilitator offer to do this.) We are uniting to give hope to others. We are uniting to give hope to others. We are uniting in hope. 14 We believe in each other. We share hope. We are strong. We are unique. We of many voices are singing in union together. After this exercise, invite others to recommend familiar songs to sing together or to teach the group a song that is fairly simple to learn. Does anyone have a song that we all know that we could sing together? CREATING A MUSIC ENVIRONMENT FOR HEALTH: MOVING BEYOND ENTERTAINMENT By Derek Higgins 2009 Facilitator States: The power of music/sound/silence can be instrumental in an ongoing recovery process. Music is indeed the universal language that we are all drawn to for a number of reasons. Music enriches our daily lives and can be directly related to significant memories and events as well. Everything from moments shared with significant others to unique experiences that we will never forget. Music and sound can have both a positive and negative effect on me. Learning to know the effects of our audio environment can be a powerful tool for wellness for people recovering from mental illness. I. Hearing and listening Start the group with a discussion on how people think and feel about music and sound in general. • Do you notice what sounds are happening around you at any given time? • Are you the type of person that has to have something going in the background all of the time? 15 • Do you like to listen to a lot of music? • How do you feel listening to your favorite songs? • Do you enjoy silence or do you have difficulty when it is quiet? • What associations do you make related to certain songs, types of music, sounds, silence? I want you to take a few moments to listen to their current environment and then describe what they heard. Focus on how your body feels in the current environment and to become aware of what part the sounds play in what you feel. Are you hearing sounds that trigger you to feel stress? If you listen actively does it interrupt some other thought processes going on? Do certain sounds draw your attention more than others? If you live with others, how could you encourage them to try a different sound environment with you or support you in your choices? III Listening and the moment: If possible end with a listening session where samples of different types of music are played. Have the group discuss their reactions focusing on the idea of what sounds beneficial to them. 16 Collage “Committed” a collage by Denise Fletcher 17 Collaging Our Recovery Life Line/Circle Mark A. Davis The purpose of this exercise is to tell your life story using cutouts from magazines, newspapers, pictures, keepsakes, movie tickets, invitations and other lifetime collections. 1. Start with paper of any kind, blank paper, poster board, construction paper, box or spare wooden slab – anything you can use to tape, glue or decorate with. 2. Select from paste, scotch tape or whatever you can use to “glue your life together” Start collecting memorabilia you might normally throw away. 3. Have magazines available of different types, fashion, the sensational “movie star” types, old, new, pictorials, sports, travel, etc. Most thrift stores have stacks of old magazines. Having older magazines available may be helpful for someone “older” to recreate their history. 4. Use materials that represent or symbolize the high or low lights of your life from childhood to the present or your past life to future. Start at the end, middle or wherever you want to tell your story. Just start cutting, organizing and arranging for pasting… 5. Include images relating to place of birth, family, peers, friends, families of choice and resulting dynamics. When did mental illness, addiction, physical illness, trauma or life dramas unfold? What is your personal understanding and experience related to culture, roots, race, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, color, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, height, weight, religion, marital status or any other factor? Include home, school, job, health, loss, suicide, grief, crisis, crime, travel, hobby 18 and significant events – including people, places and things – that have influenced on your personal journey of recovery. 6. What did you forget or what have you done to help your recovery from past or present… pleasures, hurts, fears, dreams, failures and successes. Go ahead - discover recovery and do it your way… 7. After creating your collage, you may want to show and tell your story to others; you may want to write a narrative or poem to add to it, (or your collage actually might be a poem you created with words). 8. Frame it, create a border and post it on bulletin boards, put your collage on your favorite belongings, your suitcase, purse, notebook or journal. . Variables: Collaging can be done with any age group, can be done simply as an exercise in itself, or can be done on many different topics: Collage on your favorite things, create a garden with flowers, collage your favorite quiet spot, design or decorate a room, or just have people cut out and paste. This exercise lends itself also to any mental health environment; it is safe for inpatient settings, community settings and in peer run alternatives. 19 WRITING COVER FROM DAVID KIME’S ZINE: “TRANSCENDENT VISIONS” 20 Writing Journaling and Recovery Stories 1. Introduce Journaling Journals can be purchased at a Dollar Store for $1.00 each. They can be given with other items in a welcome or Comfort Kit when people are newly admitted. Encourage people to write in their journals in Recovery Groups and how it can be an important tool in their personal healing. Peer Specialists would be able to explain to staff and clinicians why people’s journals should be kept private. People should be told that keeping a journal can be as simple as putting on paper what they did that day; it does not have to be a long narrative. There should be no judgment on how one keeps a journal. Journals can be drawing or poetry also. 2. Writing Recovery Stories Share recovery stories that have already been written in a group setting or make available written stories to people who are interested in receiving them. Encourage people to write their own recovery stories. Provide information about where stories can be submitted for publication. Hold a recovery story contest at the hospital with a prize and promise of having their story published in the facility newsletter. 3. Poetry Many people in hospital facilities write poetry but often this talent is not recognized or encouraged to be shared. WRAP plans may be a place where poets will include poetry as an interest or hobby or they may share it on their Personal Safety Plan, though it may not be listed as a Comfort strategy. 21 Always end a Recovery group with an invitation for someone in the group to perform. Find out if there is anyone in the room who writes poetry and would like to recite a poem (or story). Often, you will find someone who has written poetry or RAP (which is currently popular) and is eager to share. Sometimes people will say that they have not memorized their poems but you can ask them to write one for a group in the future. Encourage poets to write; make sure they there is a place for them to be quiet; this could be the “Comfort Room”(if one available) or a Comfort Corner that is created in a living room or day room. Sometimes the use of pens and pencils is an issue. There are pens that can be ordered that are safe for people to use who self-injure. (I will list this at the end). Make sure there are some poetry books available for people to read; especially books that are inspirational, easy to read and written by well-known authors such as Maya Angelou. Consider cultural factors when choosing books written by poets and other writers. 4. Writing Exercises Word Visuals Cut words or phrases out of a magazine and put them in a bowl. Each participant takes a word from the bowl and writes a phrase about that word or a paragraph and then shares their sentence or vignette. Or to make this exercise easier is to have each person choose a word from the bowl and verbalize the first thing that comes to their mind about the word. (You can create other variations to this exercise) 22 5. Chain Reaction (Paper Link) NAMI NJ Expressive Arts Network Activity What you do or what you say affects others -- Teens and young adults are encouraged to write a positive message on a paper link that is attached to a growing chain. The chain will travel and be displayed at various locations and events throughout NEW JERSEY- and beyond. Being a link in a chain that communicates positive expressions of understanding and hope shows the power that individuals have in affecting others. Over 1000 links have already been added to the chain. Group Poem or Story: Hold a poetry group in the round. The facilitator starts off with a phrase and each person (starting to the left or right) adds to the poem. (This can be done as an oral exercise or a writing exercise.) It can also be done as Whisper Down the Alley. Each person whispers in the next person’s ear and 6. Postcards Have a collection of old postcards of buildings or outdoor scenes. Have people select one and either write something or tell a story about the postcard they chose. Start an exercise in which the group leader starts off a story with, “I was going to the store when all of a sudden”… Each person then adds to the story. 7. Trash Basket Exercise Put a trash basket in the middle of the group and ask people to write something they want to get rid of on small pieces of paper. 23 It can be something in their life or a personal characteristic. Have them read it and then throw away in the wastebasket. (Give people the option of throwing away the paper if they don’t feel comfortable sharing. 8. Looking Ahead and Behind (This exercise can be done at a time close to discharge). Give people two pieces of paper. On one write something they look forward to as they leave and something they want to leave behind. (You might give them examples: freedom to get up when they want, seeing a friend to look forward to; to leave behind having to get up at 6AM, the food, etc.) 9. Finding Something in Your Environment Find something in your environment -- an ordinary object, person, thing, color, image that reminds you of something that happened in your life. It could be something happy or it could be something sad or scary. Take your pen and paper and write your response. Be prepared to talk about it in the group. 10. Opposites Give people a word and have them say an opposite; Write the words down in sequence and read them back. Examples might be Hello and Goodbye, Love and Hate, etc. 11. Secrets Have people write in tiny letters a secret they are ashamed of, maybe a secret from childhood. Have them wad it up and don’t share unless someone volunteers. (this might be good if talking about trauma issues) 24 DRAWING AND PAINTING Self-Portrait “I represent myself through an artist’s personal vision, a deep look of an artist at work. This self-portrait is a cross between a fictional and a realistic character. Technical perfection is almost impossible, but through gut-feeling and applicable skill, I created this work as a close likeness of what I really look and feel like.” Carlos Maldonado, Patton State Hospital 6-3-2009 25 Pillows of Unrest This project is adaptable for inpatient settings as well as peer-run alternatives. The Project began in New York State at a project called Artists for Mental Health, under the direction of Frank Marquit. This activity may be done in small groups or is very appropriate as part of a planned celebration, or for a competitive art exhibit. l Materials to gather for project: • Pillowcases. White pillowcases are best and can be obtained from the laundry in the hospital setting or at hotels if the project is being done at a conference. You may be able to think of other ways to access pillowcases including thrift stores or having staff bring in pillowcases from home if not available through the hospital. • • Sharpie Markers of varying sizes and colors. Cardboard to fit inside the pillowcases to provide stability. (Use old file folders torn in half for this purpose—most hospitals will have lots of these stacked in storage ready to throw out) • Sheets of Newspaper or plastic cloth to be taped to the underside of tables to protect them. If using older tables this may not be necessary. • Bits of fabric might be used for collaging; other materials as well, but would discourage use of glitter or sequins because of their messiness • White glue. • Scissors (may need to be small safe scissors) 26 Before you begin: Have a discussion before you begin. Ask each participant to think of their struggles with mental illness and how they developed coping mechanisms or dealt with them. Ask them to think about barriers or discrimination they might have encountered along the road to recovery and what their hopes might be as they recover. Other themes might be developed around empowering words, such as Hope, or Courage, Recovery, or Healing. Make sure people know they can do whatever they want with their pillowcases, they do not need to follow any particular path. They may use art, writings, poems or bits of colored cloth on their pillowcases to tell their story. You might want to do a pillowcase of your own to use as an example. Getting Started 1. Give each participant a pillowcase and a piece of cardboard to slip inside the pillowcase to provide stability while doing their work. 2. Lay out the markers on the table allowing them to share sizes and colors. 3. Some people might do pillowcases in pairs; that is perfectly fine. 3. For those who will do writing or poetry, the finer point Sharpies are best. 4. Ask them to think about the previous discussion and to plan out their pillowcase before beginning. Post-Discussion At the completion of the project, ask each person to stand and show their 27 pillowcase design to others in the group. Some may not want to take part in this, and that’s OK. Ask those who show theirs to talk about their design and what is means to them. Ask them if the project helped them and if so, how? Comments from the audience are encouraged. Have someone record and take notes with a person’s descriptions of meanings so that they can accompany the pillowcase for exhibition purpose. Talk about the possibility of displaying their work outside the facility as well as inside. Ask for suggestions as to places they might know that would display their pillowcases. Explain to them that public viewing is a method to help with de-stigmatization and acceptance of the talents of those with mental illness. Be sure to make notes as each person talks for later inclusion in cards for each pillowcase in a display. “I wanted my pillowcase to say that I thought I was going to spend the rest of my life in chains and shackles of mental illness. But I found out that this was not the case. I am in remission from my mental illness thanks to the medication, the psychiatrists, the doctors, the nurses and the staff that we have here who care for us on a day to day basis. It’s a 24-hour around the clock thing.” Yinetta Hallon, Fulton State Hospital, Fulton, MO 28 Other similar drawing and painting projects: Hands Display: Using 8 ½ by 11” paper have each person trace their hands and fingers. • Discuss peoples’ hands; what stories do they tell? Where has your hand been? What do the lines of your palm say to you? Does your hand have scars on it? What are the meanings of those scars? How do you use your hands to be creative? (e.g., playing the piano, knitting or sewing, writing and drawing, gardening? Or others?) • Now using again, magic markers, or crayons have them draw messages on their hand. Let the hand be the messenger; Write and draw what the hand would say. • These drawings can be displayed as an exhibit or given to each person to display in their room. Tee shirts: Find ways to collect tee shirts. Often they can be purchased at a local department store or Dollar store at reasonable prices. You can use some of the same themes but use tee shirts for painting or drawing. Person may want to wear their tee shirt. Have a fashion show with each person wearing their tee shirt, crossing the stage to display in front of an audience. Recovery Tree First make a tree trunk with limbs and glue it on to a sheet of poster board, then cut out individual green leaves large enough to put words on them. Have people write their favorite recovery words on individual leaves and glue them to the tree limbs. (Amy Peloquin, Florida) 29 Quilting without needle and thread Each person gets four 8½ x11 sheets of colored paper. The sheets are glued on a larger piece of poster board to fit. Have available different colored lace or trim which can be glued around the edges. Each person can decorate their quilt in their own unique way with colored markers. (Note: this exercise may not be appropriate on hospital units where pens are not allowed; however this would be okay if other staff are present or if done with recreation staff) 30 HUMOR & SILLINESS Mark Davis of Philadelphia in silly costume 31 Humor can be used to change how a person feels, acts and thinks. It can even change how their biochemistry responds. It is important to know whether or not humor will be of value to a particular individual before proceeding. It can sometimes do harm, depending on what the person’s previous experiences have been and whether or not they enjoy a particular type of humor. First, you may want to tread lightly by wearing fun clothing or have something that attracts attention and can be a conversation piece. It may also be helpful to find out directly what someone finds humorous in order to know what type of humor the person enjoys. For example, some people may like to tell jokes, anecdotes and stories while others may not like jokes at all. Some may enjoy cartoons and be more receptive to comic strips like Blondie and Dagwood, Peanuts and Pogo or cartoons such as the Simpsons, the Flintstones or Betty Boop. Silliness is different than joke telling. It is a way of laughing at oneself and making light of our human experiences. It allows us to let go of some of our conditioning to conform and catches us off guard. When we are silly, goofy or acting foolish, energy is released that feels good. Often silliness has been confused with stupidity. Many of us have been taught to repress our lighter sides. Here are some ways to get started. Attire Wear something that draws attention and may be an icebreaker. Examples may be a silly hat, a tee shirt with a smiley face or some other cartoonish drawing or statement. You might wear a button or seal that has a recovery statement on it. You might wear mis-matched socks and see if anyone notices. You should always dress in a casual style that makes you easily identifiable as a peer specialist. If you have a special interest, for example, fishing, wear something that reflects that interest. 32 Jokes If you like to tell jokes, and not everyone does, collect them and memorize them for times when conversation is stalled. You can go to multiple websites, such as Comedy Central for a joke of the day. You can find jokes on the web on various subjects, such as mental health or psychiatry jokes, some that are appropriate for people you are working with. Psychiatry Jokes You can find them on the Internet or it’s a great exercise to make them up. Here are a few examples: 1. Once I had multiple personalities, but now we are feeling well. 2. I used to be indecisive. Now I'm not sure. 3. The best thing about being schizophrenic is that I'm never alone. 4. Just because you are paranoid doesn't mean people aren't out to get you! The Mental Health Humor Cartoon-A-Thon A free and fun project online: cartoon drawings by Chato Stewart of Florida. Every day of the month Chato draws a cartoon for this site which you can download and share. Also use to inspire peers to draw their own cartoons. Go to: http://mentalhealthcartoons.com/ Share Funny Experiences Ask the group members to talk about the funniest thing that ever happened to them and have them share their funny experiences. Always start off with your own to give them an idea. Here’s a typical example: You are coming out of the restroom of a fancy theater, not realizing there is a long stream of toilet paper trailing after you. 33 Blowing Bubbles Bring bubble soap to work and find an appropriate place to blow them; possibly outside but may be appropriate inside if you ask for permission. (Bubbles now come in a variety of shapes and sizes and blowers that are unusual and fun). Funny Hats Fashion Show Bring in funny hats or find them in your clothing closet. Have each person try on a hat and model it. They can create a story for the type of hat they selected. 34 PET THERAPY “BLUEBIRD AND TOOTLES” 35 Pet Therapy Encourage your facility to set up a program for pet therapy utilizing the local Humane Society. Most of these agencies are willing to bring pets on a specified day and time for people to experience touching and petting animals. Sometimes staff members have pets that have been certified as pet therapy animals, usually dogs. These are pets that are safe to have around children and people of all types. Pet therapy dogs are different than companion dogs. Companion dogs are trained to accompany persons with disabilities usually related to sight. It is important to note that companion dogs are not to be petted when they are on duty, but pet therapy dogs are always available for petting. There are different guidelines established for programs like this that may vary in states. State-run facilities may also have established policies in place that allow for pet visitations. 36 Other topics/categories may be developed as follows: Alternative Healing Simple Touching Activities Comfort Rooms Visual Art Exhibits Photography “Just Hanging Out” Videos and Movies New Ideas Participation Guidelines: Many of the exercises may require simple rules before starting. Also important is what to do if inappropriate words or behaviors are expressed. Avoiding critiques is important. These are just a few that are important. 37 38