Chapter 20

Chapter 20
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The process by which
new inventions create
industries that use
factories to make
products and that
cause people to move
from farms to cities
for jobs.
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Also called the Great
War, a conflict fought
from 1914 to 1918 by
troops from 32
countries.
When the war ended,
10 millions soldiers
were dead and 13
million civilians died
of starvation and
disease.
In 1917 France and
Great Britain forced a
treaty with Germany
that created hardships
for Germany.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCP
_6jGYOf8&feature=related
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New inventions gave
armies dangerous
weapons, including
machine guns, tanks,
and poison gas.
These weapons could
kill by the thousands.
tanks
machine guns
poisonous gas
poisonous gas
masks
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Christmas truce was a series of
widespread unofficial ceasefires that took
place along the Western Front around
Christmas 1914, during the First World
War. Through the week leading up to
Christmas, parties of German and British
soldiers began to exchange seasonal
greetings and songs between their
trenches; on occasion, the tension was
reduced to the point that individuals
would walk across to talk to their
opposite numbers bearing gifts.
On Christmas Eve and Christmas Day,
many soldiers from both sides – as well
as, to a lesser degree, from French units –
independently ventured into “ no man’s
land” where they mingled, exchanging
food and souvenirs. As well as joint
burial ceremonies, several meetings
ended in carol-singing. Troops from both
sides were also friendly enough to play
games of football with one another.[1]
A cross, left near Ypres in Belgium in 1999,
to commemorate the site of the Christmas
Truce in 1914. The text reads:
1914 – The Khaki Chum's Christmas Truce
– 1999 – 85 Years – Lest We Forget.
BELLEAU WOOD
Words and Music by Joe Henry
and Garth Brooks
Oh, the snowflakes fell in silence
Over Belleau Wood that night
For a Christmas truce had been declared
By both sides of the fight
As we lay there in our trenches
The silence broke in two
By a German soldier singing
A song that we all knew.
Though I did not know the language
The song was "Silent Night"
Then I heard my buddy whisper,
"All is calm and all is bright"
Then the fear and doubt surrounded me
'Cause I'd die if I was wrong
But I stood up in my trench
And I began to sing along
Then across the frozen battlefield
Another's voice joined in
Until one by one each man became
A singer of the hymn
Then I thought that I was dreaming
For right there in my sight
Stood the German soldier
'Neath the falling flakes of white
And he raised his hand and smiled at me
As if he hoped to say
Here's hoping we both live
To see us find a better way
Then the devil's clock struck midnight
And the skies lit up again
And the battlefield where heaven stood
Was blown to hell again
But for just one fleeting moment
The answer seemed so clear
Heaven's not beyond the clouds
It's just beyond the fear
No, heaven's not beyond the clouds
It's for us to find it here.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFd3
eWiXYQs
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The worst economic
slump in history, which
began in the United
States in 1929 and
spread to other parts of
the world, lasting until
1939.
Crashing stocks and a
drought caused
hardship all over
America.
During the Great
Depression many lost
their jobs, homes and
savings.
More pictures
from the Great
Depression
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A long period with
unusually low
rainfall, which hurts
growing and living
conditions.
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A conflict fought from
1939-1945 by troops
from 61 countries; the
most costly war in
history in the number
of people killed and
the amount of
property destroyed.
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WWI started with
Germany’s leader
Adolf Hitler.
He told the German
people that it was
unfair that they were
punished in WWI.
He also preached
hatred against certain
people. Most of them
were Jewish people
He was defeated in
1945
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In December 1941
Japan (an ally of
Germany) launched a
surprise attack on
American ships and
planes in Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii.
The attack brought
the US into the War
on the side of Great
Britain.
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Japan surrendered
after the US dropped
an atomic bomb on
two Japanese cities.
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During the war the US
had to fight on two
fronts-in Europe and
in Asia.
Europe during WWII
Asia during WWII
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WWII was the most deadly
war in US history.
More than 50 million people
died.
Among them 6 million Jews
murdered by Hitler’s
followers
And estimates say 60,000 to
70,000 people were killed
instantly from the a-bomb
blast and 140,000 were injured.
Deadly radiation reached over
100,000.
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Countries that believe
in the form of
government in which
people have the
power to rule
themselves, often
through elected
representatives.

Countries that believe
in a system of
government in which
the government plans
and controls the
economy and a single,
often authoritarian
party (dictator) holds
power, claiming to
make progress toward a
higher social order in
which all goods are
equally shared by the
people
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1947-1991
The Cold War was a
struggle between
democratic nations,
led by the US and
communist nations,
led by the Soviet
Union.
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A weapon that
releases huge
amounts of energy
contained in the
nuclei (centers of
atoms).

An organized effort
beginning in the 1950s
to achieve equal rights
for black Americans.
http://faculty.smu.edu/dsimon/ChangeCiv%20Rts.html
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The separation of
people especially by
race; in the years after
the Civil War, until
the 1960s, a practice
enforced in the South
by laws and customs
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The period from the
start of commercial
television (1941) to the
present day, in which
there is widespread
electronic access to
information through
technology such as
computers.