ANGLAIS – Analyse du film

Transcription

ANGLAIS – Histoire des Arts : LE DICTATEUR
ANGLAIS – Analyse du film
The Great Dictator is a comedy film by Charlie
Chaplin released in October 1940. Like most
Chaplin films, he wrote, produced, and directed, in
addition to starring as the lead. Having been the
only Hollywood film maker to continue to make
silent films well into the period of sound films, this
was Chaplin's first true talking picture as well as his
most commercially successful film.
At the time of its first release, the United States
was still formally at peace with Nazi Germany.
Chaplin's film advanced a stirring, controversial
condemnation of Hitler, fascism, anti-Semitism,
and the Nazis, whom he excoriates in the film as
"machine men, with machine minds and machine
hearts".
Charlie Chaplin de son vrai nom Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin est un acteur, réalisateur, producteur et écrivain
anglais né en 1989 et décédé en 1977. Charlie Chaplin fut l’une des personnes les plus célèbres du cinéma
muet et a réalisé de nombreux film tel que La ruée vers l’or (1925) ou Les temps modernes (1974). C’est une
icône du cinéma comique.
Le Dictateur (The Great dictator) est son premier vrai film parlant, tourné en Amérique entre 1938 et 1940, il
parut pour la première fois à New York en 1940. Il fut censuré jusqu’en 1945 en France par la caricature des
nazis et des fasciste présents dans le film.
Résumé:
Dans les années 1930, la Tomagne est sous le contrôle du dictateur Adenoid Hynkel, qui rêve de domination
mondiale. Dans le quartier juif de la capitale vit un barbier qui ressemble comme un frère au dictateur. Grâce
au fait que, pendant la guerre, il a sauvé la vie à un aviateur devenu depuis un des hommes importants du
régime, le barbier est pour un temps à l'abri des persécutions antisémites. Mais lorsque son protecteur
tombe en disgrâce, il se retrouve enfermé avec lui dans un camp de concentration. Quelque temps après, les
deux hommes arrivent à s'évader et le jeu des circonstances amène le barbier à être pris pour le dictateur et
à prononcer un discours à sa place.
Dés les premières scènes du film, le spectateur est directement immergés dans le registre burlesque. Il
permet de dénoncer le nazisme d’un ton léger, l'humour de Chaplin permet aux spectateur de voir la réalité
sous un autre angle et de la comprendre d'avantage même si celle-ci est plutôt tragique. Par exemple,
plusieurs détail montrent la pensée d’Hynkel en la ridiculisant : la scène du canon où Chaplin perd le contrôle
de la situation et lors du discours Chaplin s’exprime dans une langue inventée qui ressemble à l’Allemand et
donne un effet comique.
Histoire des Arts, collège Roger Vailland, 2014
Décrypter les personnages et les lieux
Hynkel  Hitler
Napoloni  Pétain
La Tomainia Allemagne
L'Austerlich Autriche
Garbitch  Goebbles + Goring
Herring  Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler est un criminel de
guerre allemand. Il fut l'un des plus hauts
dignitaires du Troisième Reich. Il était le maître
absolu de la SS (Reichsführer-SS), chef de la
police allemande (Chef der Deutschen Polizei),
dont la Gestapo et, à partir de 1943, ministre
de l'Intérieur du Reich, commandant en chef
de l'armée de réserve de la Wehrmacht.Il est
également considéré comme le
Jahrhundertmörder (« meurtrier du siècle »)
par certains auteurs allemands. Il s'est suicidé
le 23 mai 1945 pour échapper à tout jugement
ultérieur.
Hermann Wilhelm Göring était Commandant
en chef de la Luftwaffe et ministre de l'Air, il
fut condamné à mort à l'issue du procès de
Nuremberg en raison de son implication dans
les crimes du régime nazi.
Joseph Goebbels était un proche d'Adolf Hitler
et, avec Hermann Goering et Heinrich
Himmler, un des ministres les plus puissants et
influents du Troisième Reich. Il était ministre
de la propagande.
Les traits de Hitler sont mous. Front moyen, nez
moyen, bouche moyenne : l'expression du
visage est figée, morne et vulgaire; les yeux
légèrement globuleux n'ont d'éclat que dans la
colère et la transe; la voix rude, rauque,
profonde, roule les r comme des cailloux; la
démarche est raide et solennelle; les gestes
sont rares et on ne le voit jamais ni rire ni
sourire.
Mussolini a été dessiné avec plus
d'art; il a le masque césarien, front
vaste, menton carré, bouche avide
et gourmande; sa physionomie,
d'une extrême mobilité, reflète en
un instant les sentiments les plus
divers; sur le fond bistré du teint
les yeux se détachent, d'un noir
de jais, chargés d'éclairs; la voix est
aigüe..; il est prompt, souple, agile;
il y a de la finesse dans son
sourire...
I'm sorry but I don't want to be an Emperor, that's not my
business. I don't want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like
to help everyone if possible, Jew, gentile, black man, white.
We all want to help one another, human beings are like that.
We all want to live by each other's happiness, not by each
other's misery. We don't want to hate and despise one
another. In this world there is room for everyone and the
earth is rich and can provide for everyone.
The way of life can be free and beautiful. But we have lost the
way.
Greed has poisoned men's souls, has barricaded the world
with hate;
has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed.
We have developed speed but we have shut
ourselves in:
machinery that gives abundance has left us in
want.
Our knowledge has made us cynical,
our cleverness hard and unkind.
We think too much and feel too little:
More than machinery we need humanity;
More than cleverness we need kindness and
gentleness.
Without these qualities, life will be violent and
all will be lost.
The aeroplane and the radio have brought us closer together.
The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness
in men, cries out for universal brotherhood for the unity of us
all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the
world, millions of despairing men, women and little children,
victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison
innocent people. To those who can hear me I say "Do not
despair".
The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed,
the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress:
the hate of men will pass and dictators die and the power
they took from the people, will return to the people and so
long as men die [now] liberty will never perish. . .
Soldiers: don't give yourselves to brutes, men who despise
you and enslave you, who regiment your lives, tell you what
to do, what to think and what to feel, who drill you, diet you,
treat you as cattle, as cannon fodder.
Don't give yourselves to these unnatural men, machine men,
with machine minds and machine hearts. You are not
machines. You are not cattle. You are men. You have the love
of humanity in your hearts. You don't hate, only the unloved
hate. Only the unloved and the unnatural. Soldiers: don't fight
for slavery, fight for liberty.
In the seventeenth chapter of Saint Luke it is written:
"The kingdom of God is within man"
Not one man, nor a group of men, but in all men; in you, the
people.
You the people have the power, the power to create
machines, the power to create happiness. You the people
have the power to make life free and beautiful, to make this
life a wonderful adventure. Then in the name of democracy
let's use that power, let us all unite. Let us fight for a new
world, a decent world that will give men a chance to work,
that will give you the future and old age and security. By the
promise of these things, brutes have risen to power, but they
lie. They do not fulfill their promise, they never will. Dictators
free themselves but they enslave the people. Now let us fight
to fulfill that promise. Let us fight to free the world, to do
away with national barriers, do away with greed, with hate
and intolerance. Let us fight for a world of reason, a world
where science and progress will lead to all men's happiness.
Soldiers! In the name of democracy, let us all
unite!
Look up! Look up! The clouds are lifting, the sun
is breaking through. We are coming out of the
darkness into the light. We are coming into a
new world. A kind new world where men will
rise above their hate and brutality.
The soul of man has been given wings, and at
last he is beginning to fly. He is flying into the
rainbow, into the light of hope, into the future,
that glorious future that belongs to you, to me
and to all of us. Look up. Look up.
ANGLAIS – Charlie CHAPLIN
ANGLAIS - Chaplin's final speech
I'm sorry but I don't want to be an Emperor, that's not my business. I don't want to rule or
conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone if possible, Jew, gentile, black man, white. We
all want to help one another, human beings are like that. We all want to live by each other's
happiness, not by each other's misery. We don't want to hate and despise one another. In this
world there is room for everyone and the earth is rich and can provide for everyone.
The way of life can be free and beautiful. But we have lost the way.
Greed has poisoned men's souls, has barricaded the world with hate;
has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed.
We have developed speed but we have shut ourselves in:
machinery that gives abundance has left us in want.
Our knowledge has made us cynical,
our cleverness hard and unkind.
We think too much and feel too little:
More than machinery we need humanity;
More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness.
Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost.
The aeroplane and the radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these
inventions cries out for the goodness in men, cries out for universal brotherhood for the unity of
us all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world, millions of despairing men,
women and little children, victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent
people. To those who can hear me I say "Do not despair".
The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed, the bitterness of men who fear the
way of human progress: the hate of men will pass and dictators die and the power they took
from the people, will return to the people and so long as men die [now] liberty will never perish...
Soldiers: don't give yourselves to brutes, men who despise you and enslave you, who regiment
your lives, tell you what to do, what to think and what to feel, who drill you, diet you, treat you as
cattle, as cannon fodder.
Don't give yourselves to these unnatural men, machine men, with machine minds and machine
hearts. You are not machines. You are not cattle. You are men. You have the love of humanity
in your hearts. You don't hate, only the unloved hate. Only the unloved and the unnatural.
Soldiers: don't fight for slavery, fight for liberty.
In the seventeenth chapter of Saint Luke it is written:
"The kingdom of God is within man"
Not one man, nor a group of men, but in all men; in you, the people.
You the people have the power, the power to create machines, the power to create happiness.
You the people have the power to make life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful
adventure. Then in the name of democracy let's use that power, let us all unite. Let us fight for a
new world, a decent world that will give men a chance to work, that will give you the future and
old age and security. By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power, but they lie.
They do not fulfill their promise, they never will. Dictators free themselves but they enslave the
people. Now let us fight to fulfill that promise. Let us fight to free the world, to do away with
national barriers, do away with greed, with hate and intolerance. Let us fight for a world of
reason, a world where science and progress will lead to all men's happiness.
Soldiers! In the name of democracy, let us all unite!
Look up! Look up! The clouds are lifting, the sun is breaking through. We are coming out of the
darkness into the light. We are coming into a new world. A kind new world where men will rise
above their hate and brutality.
The soul of man has been given wings, and at last he is beginning to fly. He is flying into the
rainbow, into the light of hope, into the future, that glorious future that belongs to you, to me and
to all of us. Look up. Look up.
ANGLAIS - The Plot
In World War One, a nameless Jewish barber (Charles Chaplin) is injured fighting for the
fictional nation of Tomania, and spends years in a veterans’ hospital. He eventually wanders
home, unaware that the Hitler-like Adenoid Hynkel (also Chaplin) has seized absolute power
and turned Tomania into an anti-semitic war machine.
While defending his shop from storm troopers, the barber meets the beautiful Hannah (Paulette
Goddard -- near the end of her long romantic relationship with Chaplin,) and becomes an
unwitting hero to the nascent resistance movement developing in the ghetto.
Meanwhile, Hynkle plots to conquer the neighboring nation of Osterlich and become Emperor of
the World (a scheme commemorated in Chaplin’s delicate, fiendish dance with an inflatable
globe.)
In a classic mistaken identity ruse, the poor Jewish barber is taken for merciless Hynkle, leading
to a heartfelt plea from Chaplin himself for humanity and justice -- surely one of the greatest
speeches ever captured on film.
The Great Dictator
The plot.
Jewish
shop
conquer
Hynkel
World War One
played by
beautiful
also
In World War One, a nameless Jewish barber (played by Charles Chaplin) is injured
fighting for the fictional nation of Tomania. He becomes amnesic and spends
years in a hospital. He eventually goes back home but he doesn’t know that the
Hitler-like Adenoid Hynkel (also played by Chaplin) has seized absolute power and
turned Tomania into an anti-semitic war machine.
While defending his shop from storm troopers, the barber meets the beautiful
Hannah and becomes a hero to the resistance movement developing in the
ghetto.
Meanwhile, Hynkle plots to conquer the neighboring nation of Osterlich and
become Emperor of the World .
Several adventures lead to a confusion: Hynkel is mistaken for the barber and the
barber for Hynkell!

ANGLAIS – Analyse du film

Transcription

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