Micron Millennia Series Technical Reference
Transcription
Micron Millennia Series Technical Reference
..... Micron Millennia Series Technical Reference Manual Lite-On, MAS001628-00, BGJ, 08-24-2000 TE C H N I C A L R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L Copyright Notice COPYRIGHT NOTICE ................................................................... Copyright 2000 Micron Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved. The information in this document is subject to change without prior notice in order to improve reliability, design, and function and does not represent a commitment on the part of the manufacturer. In no event will the manufacturer or seller of a Micron product be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the product or documentation, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. Except as stated in the applicable Micron Electronics, Inc. limited warranty, Micron and its affiliates, by this manual, make no other express warranties and all other warranties, including, without limitation: THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of: Micron Electronics, Inc. 900 E. Karcher Road Nampa, Idaho 83687 Tr ade mark Not ice Windows, Windows NT, MS-DOS, and Microsoft are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Pentium and MMX are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. Other product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Li mitat ion of L iabil ity While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual, the manufacturer and seller assume no liability resulting from errors or omissions in this manual, or from the use of the information contained herein. ii Table of Contents ............... Copyright Notice ...................................................................... ii Welcome........................................................ 5 micronpc.com Resources ........................................................ Easy Setup Guide Poster ................................................. Getting Started Guide....................................................... Glossary ........................................................................... Service and Support Solutions ......................................... Further Reading................................................................ For More Information ........................................................ Manual Comments ........................................................... Manual Conventions ................................................................ Special Text...................................................................... 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 Safety Information ...................................... 11 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) ............................................... 14 System Care................................................ 15 Operating Environment.......................................................... Temperature Concerns................................................... Moisture and Humidity Concerns ................................... Other Environmental Concerns ...................................... Noise Concerns .............................................................. Transporting........................................................................... 15 15 16 16 17 17 Cleaning ................................................................................. 18 Protecting ............................................................................... 18 Installing Software ..................................... 19 Installing Additional Software ................................................. 19 Installing Software Automatically .................................... 20 Installing Software from a CD or Floppy Disk ................. 20 Reinstalling Factory Software ................................................ 21 The Operating System Recovery CD.............................. 21 The Image Restore CD ................................................... 22 Taking Apart Your System ........................ 23 Tools and Preparation ............................................................ 24 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Cautions ......................... 24 Removing the Access Panels ................................................ 25 Removing the Left Access Panel .................................... 26 Removing the Right Access Panel.................................. 29 Replacing the Access Panels................................................. 30 Removing the Bezel ............................................................... 31 Replacing the Bezel ........................................................ 31 Removing the Bezel Door ............................................... 32 Replacing the Bezel Door ............................................... 32 Installing and Removing Hardware .......... 33 Removing and Installing Cards .............................................. Installing and Removing Peripheral Drives ............................ Removing 5.25-inch and 3.5-inch Drives ........................ Installing Drives............................................................... 34 37 37 39 iii TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Replacing the Power Supply .................................................. 41 System Board.............................................. 45 Features ................................................................................. System Board Components ................................................... Jumper Settings .............................................................. Removing/Installing the System Board .................................. 45 51 52 53 BIOS Setup Program .................................. 55 Running the Setup Program................................................... Changing the BIOS Settings .................................................. CMOS Main Menu.................................................................. IDE Submenus................................................................ Advanced Menu ..................................................................... Advanced BIOS Features Submenu............................... Advanced Chipset Features Submenu ........................... iv 56 57 58 60 62 64 66 Power Management Setup Submenu ............................ PnP/PCI Configurations Submenu................................. Integrated Peripherals Submenu ................................... Defaults Menu ....................................................................... Security Menu ....................................................................... Exit Menu .............................................................................. Flashing Your BIOS ............................................................... BIOS Flash Recovery Procedure .......................................... 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 81 Regulatory Appendix .................................. 83 FCC Notices................................................................... 84 Compliance Information Statement ....................................... 85 Safety Compliance ................................................................ 86 Troubleshooting Appendix ........................ 87 Glossary....................................................... 91 ..... W ELCOME ................................... 1 Thank you for buying a micronpc.com computer. This Technical Reference Manual provides hardware installation instructions, basic input/output system (BIOS) setup information, and a troubleshooting section. 1-5 1 WE L C O M E micronpc.com Resources MICRONPC.COM RESOURCES ................................................................... micronpc.com provides several resources to assist you with using your new computer. E as y S etu p Gu ide P os t er For quick step-by-step system setup instructions, refer to the Easy Setup Guide poster. Get tin g S tart ed Gui de Please refer to the Getting Started Guide for step-by-step instructions on setting up your computer. Some of the topics covered in the Getting Started Guide include: • • • • • setting up your PC using your PC for the first time turning your computer on and off getting connected to the Internet accessing service and support tools Glos sary Common computer terms and definitions are identified in the glossary. Ser vic e and Su ppor t Solu tions The Service and Support section in the Getting Started Guide provides contact information and an overview of micronpc.com services that will make your computing experience more enjoyable. 1-6 ..... WE L C O M E micronpc.com Resources CONNECTED SUPPORT If you call micronpc.com’s Technical Support, you will be asked to reference data that is supplied by the Connected Support program. This will enable our support professionals to provide the very best service by utilizing our e-support tools. To initiate this program, double-click on the connectedsupport.com icon located on your desktop. If your desktop does not have a connectedsupport.com icon, please download the program from the Internet at www.connectedsupport.com/autoinstall. Fur th er Readin g It is recommended that you read all documentation, in addition to this manual, related to any software or hardware supplied with this computer (monitor, speakers, etc.). For M or e I nformat ion For the latest information about your computer and micronpc.com services, please visit the micronpc.com Web site at www.micronpc.com. Manu al Comment s Please send any comments about Micron manuals to [email protected]. 1-7 1 WE L C O M E Manual Conventions MANUAL CONVENTIONS ................................................................... The following conventions are used throughout this manual. Note Caution ........................................... .Important . . . .information . . . . concerning . . . . . the. .operation . . . .of .your. .computer. .................... ........................................... Failure to follow directions could result in loss of data or damage to equipment. Failure to heed these cautions could negate the user warranty. ........................................... Warning ........................................... Failure to follow directions will result in loss of data or damage to equipment, and/or could result in physical harm. Failure to heed these warnings could negate the user warranty. ........................................... Hint 1-8 ........................................... .Useful . . .tips. concerning . . . . .the. operation . . . . of. your . . computer. ......................... ..... WE L C O M E Manual Conventions Spec ial T ext The text in this guide is formatted to highlight unique information or instructions. Review the following examples of special text used throughout this manual: • Screen (window) names, functions, or anything that appears on the screen is formatted in bold. For example: Click OK, the Standards screen, the Edit menu. • Keyboard strokes are indicated by brackets: Press [Enter], use the [Alt] key. When keys should be held down simultaneously they are separated by the + sign. For example: Press [Ctrl+Alt+Delete]. When keys should be pressed sequentially, they will be in individual brackets without the + sign. For example: Press [1][Enter]. The [1] key should be pressed first and then the [Enter] key should be pressed. • Screen messages are indicated by quotes. For example: The message “Enter your username and password” will appear. • Anything that you need to type will appear in italics. For example: Enter the word password. 1-9 1 1-10 WE L C O M E Manual Conventions ..... S. .AFETY I NFORMATION ................................. 2 The following instructions pertain to the risk of fire, electric shock, or bodily injury. Please read all of these instructions carefully and save them for later use. 1 Follow all of the instructions and warnings marked on this product or included in this manual. 2 Do not use this product on an unstable surface. The product might fall, causing serious damage to the product. 3 Slots and openings in the computer are provided for ventilation. To ensure the reliable operation of your product, and to protect it from overheating, these openings must not be blocked or covered. Do not use this product on a bed, sofa, rug, or other similarly soft surface. This product must never be placed near or over a radiator or heat register. This product must not be placed in a built-in enclosure of any kind unless proper ventilation is provided. 4 Never push objects of any kind into the product through the cabinet openings. They may touch dangerous voltage points or short out parts that could result in fire or electric shock. 2-11 2 SAFETY INFORMATION 5 Never spill liquid of any kind on the product. 6 This product must only be connected to the AC power source as indicated on the power supply information label. If you are not sure of the type of AC power available, ask the local power company. Only connect this product to a power outlet that matches the power requirements of this product. 7 Do not allow anything to rest on the power cord. Do not place this product where people might walk on the cord. 8 If you use an extension cord with this product, make sure that the total amperage rating of all equipment plugged into it does not exceed the amperage rating of the extension cord. Ensure that all of the products plugged into the main AC power outlet do not exceed 15 amps. 9 Unplug the product from the main electrical AC power outlet before cleaning. Do not use liquid or aerosol cleaning solvents directly on the product. Use a damp cloth for cleaning the exterior surfaces. 10 Do not use this product near standing bodies of water or humid environments. 11 Unplug this product from the main AC power outlet and call for service under any of the following conditions: • If the power cord or plug is damaged or frayed. • If liquid has been spilled into the product. • If the product has been exposed to rain or corrosive liquids. 2-12 ..... SAFETY INFORMATION • If the product has been dropped or the case has been damaged. • If the product’s performance changes, indicating a need for service. Warning ........................................... Do NOT open the power supply cover; hazardous voltages are present. There are no userserviceable components inside. ........................................... Warning ........................................... There is a danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same or equivalent type of battery recommended by the equipment manufacturer. Discard used batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions. ........................................... 2-13 2 SAFETY INFORMATION Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) ................................................................... Before working inside your computer, it is important to know how to protect your computer from ESD damage. Caution . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modules are Electrostatic Sensitive. A small electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage computer components. An ESD damaged module or PCI card might not fail immediately, but over time it could become worse, possibly causing an intermittent problem. Be very careful to handle the module or PCI card ONLY by the edges. DO NOT touch the gold/silver edge-connectors or any of the components on the system board. Leave the module or PCI card in the antistatic bag until you are ready to install it or immediately after removal. ........................................... 1. modules: An independent assembly of electronic components with some distinct function, e.g. a RAM module consisting of several RAM chips mounted on a small circuit board. 2-14 ..... S. .YSTEM C ARE ................................. 3 Your micronpc.com computer has been manufactured to the highest quality standards. With proper care, it should provide years of trouble-free service. There are a few steps you can take to ensure your system has the longest life possible. OPERATING ENVIRONMENT ................................................................. Te mperat ure C on cer ns The computer specifications ensure the computer will operate in ambient (room) temperatures up to 35° C (95° F). It is very important to keep your system out of direct sunlight or other heat sources (lamps, heating vents, etc.). Your computer is also equipped with ventilation fans, and you should make sure the front and rear cooling-fan portholes are not obstructed. If room temperature consistently exceeds 35° C, you need to move the system to a cooler location to keep it under the maximum temperature. 3-15 3 SYSTEM CARE Operating Environment Mois tu re and H umidit y Conc ern s While your computer will generally run better in cooler environments, there are components of the computer that are adversely affected by cold temperatures. Also, exposing the computer to cold temperatures can produce condensation, which could damage individual components or destroy your system and monitor. Never expose the computer to moisture; this could lead to fire or an electrical shock hazard. Operating the computer in areas with high humidity can damage system components. Table 1: Temperature and Humidity Operational Level ................ ............... Operational Non-Operational Temperature 5° C to 35° C 0° C to 50° C Humidity 10 - 90% RH Non-condensing 5 - 95% RH Non-condensing Othe r Envi ronmen tal Conc ern s High levels of dust, dirt, or smoke can also damage your system. Place the system in an area with good ventilation. Periodically check the computer case, front and rear, to ensure that dust or dirt is not accumulating on the ventilation portholes. 3-16 ..... SYSTEM CARE Transporting Table 2: Operational Shock, Vibration, and Altitude Operational Non-Operational Shock 2 G, 11 ms, half-sine 50 G, 11 ms, half-sine Vibration 2 grms, 20 - 500 Hz 3.1 grms, 5 - 500 Hz Altitude 10,000 ft 40,000 ft ................ ............... Nois e Conce rns Some computer components, such as fans and drives, when in operation, make noise. Micron designs their systems to make the least amount of noise possible. If your computer seems to make excessive noise, open the case and see if there are any parts that are rubbing, or where the source of the noise is coming from. Fans tapping on wires, cables, or screws that are not sufficiently tightened down sometimes produce excessive noise. If you are still experiencing trouble with noise from you computer, call micronpc.com Technical Support. TRANSPORTING ................................................................... Always turn off the computer before moving it. Any sudden jar or shock may permanently damage the hard disk. Hard disks are more resistant to shock if they are turned off. If you are transporting the system over longer distances, completely repackage it in its original packing material. If the original packaging is unavailable, pack with as much padding as possible to ensure that the components are not exposed to excessive vibration or shock. 3-17 3 SYSTEM CARE Cleaning CLEANING ................................................................... If the case becomes dirty through constant use or handling, use only a damp, dust-free cloth for cleaning. Do not use abrasives or solvents as these may mar or scratch the case. Window cleaner (alcohol/ammonia free) and a damp, dust-free cloth can be used to clean the monitor. Make sure the monitor has been turned off first. Never apply the window cleaner directly to the monitor screen. Always spray the cloth first, then wipe down the screen. Cleaning kits designed to clean floppy disk drives, DVD, and CD-ROM drives are available at most computer stores and should be used periodically. PROTECTING ................................................................... To prevent normal electrical problems such as spikes or surges, install a power surge/filter between the wall outlet and all of the connected components. If even one component is not connected, the entire system could be at risk. You should note that some power strips are not surge protectors, but simply extension cords. If your local area is subject to frequent electric power failures, Micron recommends attaching an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) to the computer and monitor. A UPS will provide time to save all data files and properly turn off the system. Caution ........................................... If a storm enters your area, completely unplug the entire system from all electrical sources, including telephone lines. Electricity from lightning can travel in on any line and destroy all connected components. ........................................... 3-18 ..... I. NSTALLING S OFTWARE .................................. 4 INSTALLING ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE ................................................................. After you have become familiar with the pre-installed software on your system, you may want to install additional software. When looking for additional software, make sure that the software is compatible with your Microsoft Windows operating system and the specifications of your computer. 4-19 4 INSTALLING SOFTWARE Installing Additional Software I ns talli ng Softw are Aut omat ic al ly When new software is installed, the software frequently includes its own install utility or instructions. If this is the case, follow the on-screen installation instructions. In the event that the new software does not include its own install utility or instructions, you can install the software using the following instructions. I ns talli ng Softw are fr om a CD or F loppy D is k Follow these steps to install software from a CD or floppy disk that does not install automatically. 1 Close all open programs. 2 Click the Start button, select the Settings pull down menu and click Control Panel. 3 Double-click Add/Remove Programs. The Add/Remove Programs Properties window will appear. Click Install. 4 Insert the CD or floppy disk into the primary drive1 and click Next. The Microsoft Windows Install utility will locate the CD or floppy disk and begin the installation process. 1. If there are more than one of the same type of drive in a system configuration, the primary drive is the top drive . 4-20 ..... INSTALLING SOFTWARE Reinstalling Factory Software REINSTALLING FACTORY SOFTWARE ................................................................... Most micronpc.com systems include a Recovery CD and/or an Image Restore CD so that you can re-install the factory installed operating system and programs. Th e Ope rati ng Sy st em Recove ry CD This CD will install the original Operating System that you received with your system. This will not restore any additional programs installed at the factory or since you received your system. To use the Recovery CD: 1 Insert the Recovery CD into the primary CD drive and restart your system. The system will automatically read from the CD (user selection may be required) and display a start-up screen that will lead you through the installation process. 2 Once you have completed the operating system installation you will need to install the appropriate drivers. Insert the Driver CD into the CD drive, allow it to autorun, and follow the onscreen instructions. After the drivers have been installed, you can install application and system software. Several application and system software CDs are included with your computer. 4-21 4 INSTALLING SOFTWARE Reinstalling Factory Software Th e I mage Re st or e CD This CD will completely restore you computer to the condition it was in when you first took it out of the box and turned it on. The Image Restore CD will automatically install all the drivers and applications installed at the factory. If you use the Image Restore CD, you will not need to install the applications or drivers that Micron supplied with your system. To use the Image Restore CD: Caution 1 Load the CD into the primary (top) CD-ROM drive. 2 Restart or turn on your computer. 3 Follow the on screen instruction that appear. ........................................... This process will overwrite all data currently on the hard disk drive and delete all data added after you received your system. ........................................... 4-22 ..... T. .AKING A PART Y OUR S YSTEM ................................. 5 If you need to remove or replace any peripheral devices, or add/remove any PCI cards, you will need to remove the computer panels to access the inside of the computer. This section provides instructions for taking apart your system. Caution .......................................... Modules are Electrostatic Sensitive. A small electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage computer components. An ESD damaged module or PCI card might not fail immediately, but over time it could become worse, possibly causing an intermittent problem. Be very careful to handle the module or PCI card ONLY by the edges. DO NOT touch the gold/silver edge-connectors or any of the components on the system board. Leave the module or PCI card in the antistatic bag until you are ready to install it or immediately after removal. .......................................... 5-23 5 TA K I N G A P A R T YO U R S Y S T E M Tools and Preparation TOOLS AND PREPARATION ................................................................... A screwdriver may be required for minor installations. You will need to disconnect the cables on the back of the computer before opening the access panel. ........................................... .Note . .how . .the. cables . . . connect . . . .to .the.back . . for. future . . .reference. ...................... Note ........................................... .Be. careful . . . when . . .handling . . . .access . . . panels, . . . they . . .can. be . .easily . . marred . . . .or.scratched. ............ Caution Elec tros tati c D is charge (ESD ) C au tions 1 Caution Leave the module in the antistatic bag until it is ready for installation. ........................................... The motherboard conforms to the new PCI 2.2 specification. This requires 3.3v standby for all PCI slots, DIMM banks, and PS/2 outputs (KB/PS/2 Mouse). Always remember to unplug the AC power cord before adding any PCI cards, memory, or plugging/unplugging the keyboard or mouse. Otherwise, the system may automatically power up when adding the component. This could damage the motherboard or the component you are adding and is not covered under warranty. ........................................... 5-24 ..... TA K I N G A P A R T YO U R S Y S T E M Removing the Access Panels 2 To protect the system from damage by ESD, it should be opened on an ESD safe workbench and the technician should wear an ESD safe smock with grounding wrist and foot straps. 3 Keep DIMMs in the antistatic bag while transporting, especially when crossing carpet. Antistatic wrist straps with clip-on ends are commercially available. ................................................................... REMOVING THE ACCESS PANELS This section provides instructions for removing and replacing the left and right access panels. Warning 1 Turn off the computer. Refer to "Turning Off Your System" in the Getting Started Guide. 2 Unplug the power cord from the power supply or the computer could accidentally start. 3 Unplug all cords from the system before you remove the cover (telephone, printer, keyboard, joystick, etc.). ........................................... The motherboard conforms to the new PCI 2.2 specification. This requires 3.3v standby for all PCI slots, DIMM banks, and PS/2 outputs (KB/PS/2 Mouse). Remember to unplug the AC power cord before adding any PCI cards, memory, or plugging / unplugging the keyboard or mouse. Otherwise, the system may automatically power up when adding the component. This could also damage the motherboard or the component you are adding and is not covered under warranty. ........................................... 5-25 5 4 TA K I N G A P A R T YO U R S Y S T E M Removing the Access Panels Touch the metal case of the power supply or the metal lining of the computer chassis. • 5 This will equalize electrical potential between your body and the case and help keep the modules or PCI cards from being electrically damaged. Keep body movement to a minimum as you handle any hardware component. Removin g t he L eft Ac ces s Pane l The left panel provides access to the internal components. The right panel is also removable but only needs to be removed when installing or removing a drive. ........................................... Note When facing the front of your computer, the panel on your left is the left access panel and the panel on your right is the right access panel. ........................................... To remove the left access panel: 1 5-26 Face the front of the computer and lay the system on its right side. ..... TA K I N G A P A R T YO U R S Y S T E M Removing the Access Panels 2 Remove the two thumbscrews. Figure 1. Removing the Thumbscrews 5-27 5 TA K I N G A P A R T YO U R S Y S T E M Removing the Access Panels 3 Slide the access panel back about 1-inch. 4 Lift the access panel. Figure 2. Sliding the Access Panel Figure 3. Lifting the Access Panel 5-28 ..... TA K I N G A P A R T YO U R S Y S T E M Removing the Access Panels Removin g t he Righ t Acc ess Pan el The right access panel needs to be removed only when installing, replacing, or removing a drive. To remove the right access panel: 1 Face the front of the computer. On your left is the left access panel and on your right is the right access panel. Lay the system on the left side. 2 Remove the screws that secure the right access panel in place. Figure 4. Removing Screws 3 Slide the access panel back about 1-inch as shown in Figure 2, page 5-28. 4 Lift the access panel as shown in Figure 3, page 5-28. 5-29 5 TA K I N G A P A R T YO U R S Y S T E M Replacing the Access Panels REPLACING THE ACCESS PANELS ................................................................... To replace the access panels: 1 Begin with the computer laying on its side as illustrated in Figure 2, page 5-28. 2 Place the access panel on the computer and line up the hooks on the cover with the corresponding slots in the chassis. • 5-30 This should place the cover approximately 1/2-inch back. 3 Slide the access panel toward the front of the unit until it is set in place. 4 Replace the two thumbscrews that secure the left access panel in place as shown in Figure 1, page 5-27. 5 Replace the screws that secure the right access panel in place as shown in Figure 4, page 5-29. ..... TA K I N G A P A R T YO U R S Y S T E M Removing the Bezel REMOVING THE BEZEL ................................................................... You will need to remove the bezel in order to remove, install, or replace any of the drives. To remove the bezel:. 1 Place the front of the system over the edge of a table about 1-inch. 2 Grip the handle located at the bottom of the bezel. 3 Pull the bezel away from the case. Figure 5. Pulling the Bezel Replaci ng the Bez el 1 Line up the pegs on the top of the bezel with the holes in the case. 2 Press on each corner of the bezel until the bezel clicks in place. 5-31 5 TA K I N G A P A R T YO U R S Y S T E M Removing the Bezel Removin g t he Be ze l Door Replaci ng the Bezel Door 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. Face the front of the case. Open the bezel door. Grip both sides of the door and bend the center upward. Lift (do not pull) the left corner out of the socket. Lift the right corner out to complete the removal Figure 6. Removing the Bezel Door 5-32 Insert the right corner. Grip both sides of the door and bend the center upward. Insert the left corner Figure 7. Replacing the Bezel Door ..... I. NSTALLING AND R EMOVING H ARDWARE .................................. 6 This chapter provides detailed instructions on how to install, remove, or replace the following peripheral devices: • Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) cards • 5.25-inch and 3.5-inch drives (CD, DVD, jazz, zip) • Power supply Warning .......................................... Modules are Electrostatic Sensitive. A small electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage computer components. An ESD damaged module or PCI card might not fail immediately, but over time it could become worse, possibly causing an intermittent problem. Be very careful to handle the module or PCI card ONLY by the edges. DO NOT touch the gold/silver edge-connectors or any of the components on the system board. Leave the module or PCI card in the antistatic bag until you are ready to install it or immediately after removal. .......................................... 6-33 6 INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Removing and Installing Cards ........................................... Caution The motherboard conforms to the new PCI 2.2 specification. This requires 3.3v standby for all PCI slots, DIMM banks, and PS/2 outputs (KB/PS/2 Mouse). Remember to unplug the AC power cord before adding any PCI cards, memory, or plugging / unplugging the keyboard or mouse. Otherwise, the system may automatically power up when adding the component. This could also damage the motherboard or the component you are adding and is not covered under warranty. ........................................... REMOVING AND INSTALLING CARDS ................................................................... 1 Unplug the power cord from the back of the power supply or the computer could accidentally start. 2 Unplug the telephone cord before removing the cover. 3 Remove all external connections from the card that you are going to remove. 4 Remove the left access panel. See “Removing the Left Access Panel” on page 5-26. 5 Touch the metal case of the power supply or the metal lining of the computer chassis. • 6-34 This will equalize electrical potential between your body and the computer and help keep the modules or PCI cards from being electrically damaged. ..... INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Removing and Installing Cards 6 Remove the card retaining screw. Figure 8. Removing the Card Retaining Screw 6-35 6 INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Removing and Installing Cards 7 Evenly pull the card straight up with both hands. 8 Align the replacement card with the slot and push down firmly until the card is set in place. 9 Repeat for all cards. Figure 9. Removing the Card from the Slot 6-36 10 Replace the card retaining screw. See Figure 8, page 6-35. 11 Replace the left access panel. See “Replacing the Access Panels” on page 5-30. ..... INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Installing and Removing Peripheral Drives INSTALLING AND REMOVING PERIPHERAL DRIVES ................................................................... When installing or removing a drive, refer to these instructions, and the instructions included with the drive. Peripheral devices include: • CD-ROM, DVD, CD-RW • zip drive • jazz drive Removin g 5 . 25- inc h and 3. 5- inc h Dr ive s To remove most peripheral devices, use the following procedure: 1 Unplug the power cord or the computer could accidentally start. 2 Remove the left and right access panels. See “Removing the Access Panels” on page 5-25. 3 Stand the case upright. 6-37 6 4 Hint INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Installing and Removing Peripheral Drives Remove the Phillips retaining screws that hold the device in place. See Figure 10, page 6-38. ........................................... Figure 10 shows the screw removal for the top CD drive, but the screw location and removal applies to all drives. Remove the screws only from the drive you are removing. ........................................... Figure 10. Device Retaining Screws 6-38 ..... INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Installing and Removing Peripheral Drives 5 Disconnect any power, data, or audio cables that may be connected to the drive. You may need to slide the drive partially out of the bay to accomplish this. 6 Remove the drive as shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. Removing the Device I ns talli ng Dr iv es To install a new drive or replace another drive, follow these instructions: 1 Remove the plastic bay cover and the metal bay cover if they are in place. • There will only be a drive bay cover if you are installing a drive into a previously empty drive bay. 2 Slide the drive into the bay. 3 Connect power, data, and audio cables as necessary. 6-39 6 INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Installing and Removing Peripheral Drives ........................................... Hint Refer to the documentation that came with the peripheral device for exact specifications and installation requirements. ........................................... 4 6-40 Line up the screw holes and install the Phillips standard retaining screws to secure the device in place. See Figure 10, page 6-38. ..... INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Replacing the Power Supply REPLACING THE POWER SUPPLY ................................................................... To replace the power supply follow these instructions: 1 Unplug the power cord from the back of the power supply or the computer could accidentally start. 2 Lay the system on its right side. 3 Remove the left access panel. See “Removing the Left Access Panel” on page 5-26. 4 Unplug all power supply connectors from the motherboard and peripheral devices. 6-41 6 5 INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Replacing the Power Supply Remove the power supply connector by releasing the plastic latch that locks it to the motherboard. Figure 12. Power Supply Connector 6-42 ..... INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Replacing the Power Supply 6 Remove the Phillips retaining screws. Figure 13. Power Supply Retaining Screws 6-43 6 INSTALLING AND REMOVING HARDWARE Replacing the Power Supply 7 Lift the power supply out of the case. 8 Insert the replacement power supply into the chassis and replace the Phillips retaining screws. 9 Reconnect all power supply connectors to the motherboard and peripheral devices. Figure 14. Power Supply Removal 10 6-44 Replace the left access panel. See “Replacing the Access Panels” on page 5-30. FEATURES ..... S. .YSTEM B OARD ................................. 7 ................................................................. This section describes the features of this platform along with the location of major components. This section also provides instructions for removing and installing the motherboard. This is a powerful platform that combines the high-performance features of the AMD K7 Duron processor with a 200 MHz host bus speed and a 66/100/133 MHz memory bus frequency. Two DIMM sockets will support up to 1 GB of memory and three PCI slots are available for expansion. 7-45 7 SYSTEM BOARD Features Table 3: Features at a Glance 7-46 Feature Specifications Processor Support for AMD K7 processor, in a 462-pin PGA socket, with 200 MHz host bus speed Form Factor MicroATX (9.6 inches by 8.9 inches) Chipset The VIA KT133 chipset consisting of VIA VT8363 North Bridge, VIA VT82C686A Super South Bridge Memory Two DIMM Sockets support up to 1 GB Maximum 2 double sided DIMM modules (X8, X16, X32 device widths) are supported 66/100/133 MHz system memory bus frequency Unbuffered, Non-ECC DIMM I/O Control VT82C686A Integrated Super I/O controller Peripheral Interfaces One Serial port Two USB Ports One Parallel port PS/2 keyboard PS/2 mouse Expansion Capabilities One AGP slot (2X/4X mode) Three PCI slots Other Features On Board Buzzer ..... SYSTEM BOARD Features Table 3: (Continued) Features at a Glance Feature Specifications BIOS AWARD BIOS 2 MB flash memory Support for SMBIOS, Advanced Configuration and Power Management Interface (ACPI), and Plug and Play System BIOS 2 Mb with bootblock flash ROM Y2K Compliant Auto Time Adjust for Daylight Savings and Leap Year SMBIOS 2.3 Compliant BIOS recovered from Floppy USB Legacy K/B, Mouse support Power Management ACPI 1.0 and Instantly Available PC Video Logic Power Down HDD Power Down Super IO VIA 82C686A Integrated I/O: supporting Keyboard, PS/2 mouse, serial, Parallel, Floppy and game port VT82C686A: supports system hardware monitor Plug and Play Supports PnP BIOS specifiation V1.0A PCI 2.2 Supporting PCI 2.1 Specification and delay transation Supporting PCI 2.2 Power Management Event (PME, PCI slot pin#A19) and Stand-By 3.3 V (3.3 Vaux, PCI slot pin A14) signals SubSystem ID and SubVendor ID are required in PCI 2.2 7-47 7 SYSTEM BOARD Features Table 3: (Continued) Features at a Glance 7-48 Feature Specifications PC98/99 Quiet Boot and Quick Boot are required Reporting Disabled Devices Audio SubSystem AC97 Compliant Soft Audio, Microsoft DirectSound compatible ..... SYSTEM BOARD Features Use the following illustration and key to identify the connector ports on your system board. Table 4: Connector Ports Descriptions . . . . . . . . Description ............ Port 1 PS/2 Mouse PS/2 port for mouse or other pointing device (upper port/light green) 2 PS/2 Keyboard PS/2 port for keyboard (lower port/purple) 3 USB Two stacked Universal Serial Bus ports (black) 4 COM1 Serial port (teal) 5 Printer Parallel port used for attaching a printer (burgundy) 6 Line Out Audio jack for line out (lime green) 7 Line In Audio jack for line in (light blue) 8 MIC Audio jack for the microphone (pink) 9 GAME/MIDI Game (Joystick)/MIDI port (gold) Figure 15. I/O Connector Ports 7-49 7 SYSTEM BOARD Features Figure 16. System Board 7-50 ..... SYSTEM BOARD System Board Components SYSTEM BOARD COMPONENTS ................................................................... Use Table 5 and Figure 16 to identify and locate the major components of your system board. Table 5: System Board Component Descriptions A Component Description Component Description CD-IN Black Connector for CD audio cable M WOR Wake on Ring connector B MODEM-IN White connector for phone audio cables N JP-13 Clear Password/CMOS Jumper C AUX-IN Green connector for auxiliary device O Speaker Internal speaker connector D PCI Slots 3 x 32-bit PCI expansion slots P Power Fan Power Connector for power supply cooling fan E COM2 Miscellaneous Serial Port Q Secondary IDE White Connector for the secondary IDE F System Fan Power connector for cooling fan R Primary IDE Black connector for the primary IDE G AGP Slot Accelerated Graphics Port slot S Floppy IDE Black connector for the floppy IDE H Front USB Connector for front mounted USB connectors T DIMM2 Combined with DIMM1, supports 32 MB to 1 GB of memory I Chassis Intrustion Connector for a Chassis Intrusion alarm U DIMM1 Combined with DIMM2, supports 32 MB to 1 GB of memory J SCSI LED SCSI LED connector V Socket 462 CPU Socket The connector for the CPU K WOL Wake on Lan connector W ATX Power Power connector for the system board L Front Panel Connectors Connector for front panel devices (LEDs, power button, speaker) 7-51 SYSTEM BOARD 7 System Board Components Jumpe r Se tti ngs ........................................... .System . . . power . . . must . . be . .off. when . . .moving . . . these . . .jumpers. ...................... Warning Table 6: Jumper Settings Jumpers Settings JP13-CLEAR Password/CMOS Default: Pins 1 and 2 are covered. To clear the CMOS, use the following procedure: 4. Turn off the computer. 5. Move the JP13 jumper from the 1-2 position to the 2-3 position. 6. Wait at least 30 seconds for the CMOS to clear, then return the JP13 jumper to the 1-2 position. 7. Turn on the system and press [Delete] to enter the BIOS setup. 8. Select the Defaults menu and select Load default settings. 9. Press [F10] to save settings and exit setup. ....... 7-52 ........................................... ..... SYSTEM BOARD Removing/Installing the System Board REMOVING/INSTALLING THE SYSTEM BOARD ................................................................... 1 Remove the left access panel. See “Removing the Left Access Panel” on page 5-26. 2 Disconnect the AC power cord and all back panel I/O connections (keyboard, mouse, etc.). 3 Disconnect the power supply, fan, LED and power switch connectors from the motherboard. • Removing the power supply connector requires releasing the plastic latch that locks the connector to the system board. 4 Remove all cards. See “Removing and Installing Cards” on page 6-34. 5 Remove the screws that secure the system board in place. 6 Lift the system board out of the case. Figure 17. Lifting the System Board out of the Case 7-53 7 7-54 SYSTEM BOARD Removing/Installing the System Board 7 Insert the replacement system board into the case and line up the holes in the system board with the standoffs. 8 Use the Phillips screws removed earlier to secure the system board to the case. 9 Reconnect the power supply, fan, LED, and power switch connectors to the system board. 10 Insert all cards. 11 Reconnect the back panel I/O connections (keyboard, mouse, etc.) before connecting the AC power cord. 12 Replace the left access panel. See “Replacing the Access Panels” on page 5-30. ..... BIOS S ETUP P ROGRAM ................................... 8 The basic input/output system (BIOS) setup program provides functions that you can use to modify and configure the integrated devices (video and audio) as well as the many subsystems of the PC (hard disk, time and date, power management, and so on). The configuration information that is defined through this program allows for upgradability and ease of configuration. The system contains a battery supported complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) memory location that stores the settings that are made in the setup program. The attached battery constantly provides the CMOS with power, even when the computer has been turned off so that these settings are not lost. The BIOS also controls the startup sequence of the computer and provides the system with the basic information it needs to initialize to the point where the operating system (Windows) can boot the PC. The operating system also relies on some of the information provided in CMOS to ensure proper communication between the software and hardware. If the CMOS information is incorrect, the system may not operate correctly until accurate information is stored in the CMOS. 8-55 8 Note BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Running the Setup Program ........................................... .Certain . . .BIOS . . settings . . . .vary. .between . . . Microsoft . . . . Windows . . . .operating . . . .systems. ................ ................................................................... RUNNING THE SETUP PROGRAM Although your Micron computer arrives fully configured, you may want to customize it to fit your needs. However, if the information in CMOS is lost, the system will not operate properly unless the BIOS Setup Program is used to restore the system configuration. In order for the computer to run properly, run the BIOS Setup Program after first installing a new system board and whenever you make a hardware change to the computer. The BIOS Setup Program initially displays the Main menu screen. Each menu screen has options for modifying different aspects of the system configuration. 8-56 ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Changing the BIOS Settings CHANGING THE BIOS SETTINGS ................................................................... If you are unsure of changes you make while in the BIOS screens you can exit without saving those changes. If your system runs poorly or not at all due to the changes you’ve made, you can restore the default factory settings at the setup prompt and start over. This will not save the operating system if the hard disk crashes, but if incorrect changes have been made to the BIOS you can return to the factory default settings to start over. 8-57 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM CMOS Main Menu CMOS MAIN MENU ................................................................... To access the CMOS Setup Program, hold the [Delete] key down while powering on (rebooting) the system. The CMOS Setup Utility menu will appear. M a in C M O S S etu p U tility - C o p yrig h t (c) 1 9 8 4-2 0 0 0 A w a rd S o ftw a re A d van ced D efa u lts Secu rity E xit m icron p c.co m B IO S versio n 1 .0 2 Item H elp D ate(m m :d d :yy) T im e (h h :m m :ss) > > > > ID E ID E ID E ID E Prim a ry M a ster P rim a ry S la ve S eco n d a ry M a ster S eco n d a ry S la ve W ed , A ug 9 2 0 0 0 1 4:1 7 :5 0 <a u to <a u to <a u to <a u to D rive A 1 .4 4 , 3 .5 in . B ase M em o ry E xtend ed M em o ry T o ta l M em o ry 6 40 K <a u to d etected > K <a u to d etected > K : M o ve En ter: S elect F 5 : P revio u s V a lu es +/-/P U /PD : V a lu e F 1 0: Sa ve E S C : Exit F 7: O p tim ized D efa u lts Figure 18. CMOS Main Menu 8-58 M en u Level > d etected > d etected > d etected > d etected > F1 : G en era l H elp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM CMOS Main Menu Table 7: CMOS Setup Utility Menu Descriptions Menu Name Function Date The BIOS determines the day of the week from the other date information. This field is for information only. Press the left or right arrow key to move to the desired field (date, month, year). Press the [PgUp] or [PgDn] key to increment the setting, or type the value into the field. Time The time format is based on the 24-hour time clock. For example, 1 P.M. is 13:00:00. Press the left or right arrow key to move to the desired field. Press the [PgUp] or [PgDn] key to adjust the setting, or type the value in the field. IDE Primary Master IDE Primary Slave IDE Secondary Master IDE Secondary Slave The BIOS supports up to four IDE drives. Select any of the IDE drives to open a submenu which shows drive specifications and settings. Drive A Use this option to select the correct specifications for the diskette drive(s) installed in the computer. The options are: None; 360K, 5.25 in; 1.2M, 5.25 in; 720K, 3.5 in; 1.44M, 3.5 in; 2.88M, 3.5 in. Base Memory Typically 640 KB. Also called conventional memory. The DOS operating system and conventional applications use this area. Extended Memory Above the 1-MB boundary. Early IBM personal computers could not use memory above 1 MB, but current PCs and their software can use extended memory. Total Memory This shows the total memory in your configuration. ........... ....................................... 8-59 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM CMOS Main Menu I DE Subme nus There are four IDE submenus: IDE Primary Master, IDE Primary Slave, IDE Secondary Master, and IDE Secondary Slave. All four submenu’s show the IDE settings and information about the specifications of the drive. It is recommended that all IDE drives be set to Auto. C M O S S etu p U tility - C op yrigh t (c) 1 9 8 4 -2 00 0 A w ard S oftw a re M a in ID E P rim ary M a ster Item H elp ID E H D D A u to -D etectio n P ress E n ter ID E P rim ary M a ster A cc ess M o d e A u to A u to C a p a city 0 MB C ylin d ers H ead P reco m p L a n din g Z o n e S ecto r 0 0 0 0 : M ov e E n ter: S elect F 5 : P revio u s V a lu es + /-/P U /P D : V a lu e F 10 : S a ve E S C : E xit F 7 : O p tim ized D efa u lts Figure 19. IDE Primary Master Submenu 8-60 M en u L evel > > F 1 : G en eral H elp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM CMOS Main Menu Table 8: Standard CMOS Setup Submenu Descriptions Menu Name Function IDD HDD AutoDetection Press [Enter] in this field to have your computer automatically detect and display the current configuration for the IDE drive indicated in the title bar. IDE (Primary/Secondary) (Master/Slave) Default: Auto Access Mode Access Mode refers to the Hard Disk BIOS Translation Modes available. CHS (Cylinder, Head, Sector) is used on HDDs at or below 512 MB. Large and LBA modes are used on HDDs above the 512 MB capacity. Most modern drives use LBA (Large Block Addressing). Capacity This field shows the total Capacity of the drive. This field is informational only. Cylinders This field shows the number of cylinders. Head This field shows the number of heads. Precomp This field was used on older technology drives to compensate for varying bit density between tracks. It remains in newer BIOS for compatibility reasons. Landing Zone This field specifies the cylinder the BIOS should send the heads to when the system is turned off. Sector This field shows the number of sectors. ......... ......................................... 8-61 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu ADVANCED MENU ................................................................... The Advanced menu displays a table of items which defines more advanced information about your system. While you can modify these items, use extreme caution! Be sure to fully understand what the effects of a change will be before you make it. M a in > > > > > C M O S Setup U tility - C o pyrig h t (c) 1 9 84 -2 00 0 A w a rd S o ftw a re Exit A d va n ced D efa ults S ecu rity Ad van ced B IO S Fea tu res Ad van ced C h ip set Fea tu res In teg rated P erip hera ls Po w er M a na g em en t Setup Pn P /PC I C o nfigu ration s : M o ve En ter: S elect F5 : Previo u s Va lues M en u Level > +/-/P U /P D : V alue F1 0 : Sa ve ES C : E xit F7 : O p tim ized D efau lts Figure 20. Advanced Menu 8-62 Item H elp F 1 : G enera l H elp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Table 9: Advanced CMOS Setup Submenu Descriptions Menu Name Function Advanced BIOS Features Select this option to open the Advanced BIOS Features submenu. Advanced Chipset Features Select this option to open the Advanced Chipset Features submenu. Integrated Peripherals Select this option to open the Integrated Peripherals submenu. Power Management Setup Select this option to open the Power Management Setup submenu. PnP/PCI Configurations Select this option to open the PnP/PCI Configurations submenu. ....... ........................................... 8-63 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Advanc ed BI OS Feat ure s Su bmenu The Advanced BIOS Features submenu displays the sequence that your computer will search for boot information. You can specify the boot sequence here and you can also specify whether or not the NumLock will be on or off when your system is booted. C M O S Setup U tility - C opyrig ht (c) 1 984 -2 000 Aw a rd Softw are Ad van ced Advance B IO S Features First Boo t D evice Seco nd Boo t D evice Third Bo ot D evice Boo t U p N u m L ock Status : M o ve Item H elp CDROM Flop py HDD On En ter: Select +/-/PU /PD : Value F5: Previo us Valu es M enu Level > > F 10: Save E SC : Exit F1: G eneral H elp F7 : O ptim ized D efau lts Figure 21. Advanced BIOS Features Submenu 8-64 ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Table 10: Advanced Chipset Setup Submenu Descriptions Menu Name Function First Boot Device Use this field to select the first boot drive after AWARDBIOS POST completes. Options: Floppy, LS120, HDD, SCSI, CDROM, ZIP100, and Disabled. Second Boot Device Use this field to select the second boot drive after AWARDBIOS POST completes. Options: Same as above. Third Boot Device Use this field to select the third boot drive after AWARDBIOS POST completes. Options: Save as above. Boot Up NumLock Status Default: On Use this field to choose whether or not the NumLock will be activated after boot up. Options are On and Off. ............. ..................................... 8-65 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Advanc ed Chips et Feat ure s Su bmenu The Advanced Chipset Features submenu displays the configuration of the AGP Chipset. C M O S Setu p U tility - C o pyrig ht (c) 1 98 4-2 0 00 Aw ard So ftw a re A dvan ced Ad van ce C h ipset F ea tures AG P Aperture S ize AG P -4X M ode : M o ve En ter: S elect F 5: P reviou s Va lues 64M Enabled M en u Level > > +/-/PU /PD : Va lue F1 0: S ave E SC : Exit F 7: O p tim ized D efa u lts Figure 22. Advanced Chipset Features Submenu 8-66 Item H elp F 1 : G en era l H elp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Table 11: Power Management Setup Submenu Descriptions Menu Name Function AGP Aperture Size This field indicates whether the AGP Aperture Size is 64 MB or 32 MB. AGP-4X Mode Default: Enabled Use this field to enable or disable this function. Options are Enabled and Disabled. ........... ....................................... 8-67 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Powe r Man age ment Set up Subme nu The Power Management Setup submenu displays a few options for managing your computer. C M O S S etu p U tility - C o p yrigh t (c ) 1 9 84 -20 0 0 A w ard S o ftw a re A d va n c ed P o w er M an a g em en t S etu p R T C A la rm R es u m e S o ft-O ff by PW R BT N S ta te After P o w er F ailure : M ov e E n ter: S elec t F 5 : P revio us Va lu es D is a b led D elay 4 S ec O ff M en u L ev el > > +/-/P U /PD : V a lu e F 1 0: Sa v e ES C : E xit F 7 : O ptim ized D efa u lts Figure 23. Power Management Setup Submenu 8-68 Item H elp F 1 : G enera l H elp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Table 12: Peripherals Setup Submenu Descriptions Menu Name ........... Function RTC Alarm Resume Default: Disabled Use this field to to enable the RTC alarm which will wake the system from supsend at the specified date and time. Options are Enabled and Disabled. Soft-Off by PWRBTN Default: Delay 4 Sec Use this field to determine if the multi-function power button must be pressed and held for four seconds before turning off the computer or if it will turn off the computer instantly when pressed. Options are Delay 4 Sec and Instant-Off. State After Power Failure Default: Off Use this option to determine what the computer will do after a power failure. Options are Off (the PC will not boot after a power failure) and Auto (the PC will restart after a power failure). ....................................... 8-69 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Pn P/P CI C on figur at ions Subme nu The PnP/PCI Configurations submenu displays a couple of items that determine the Plug and Play setting for the BIOS. C M O S S etu p U tility - C o p y rig h t (c ) 1 9 8 4 -2 0 0 0 A w a rd S o ftw a re A d v a n c ed P n P /P C I C o n fig u ra tio n s P N P O S In s ta lled R es et C o n fig u ra tio n D a ta : M ove E n ter: S elec t F 5 : P rev io u s V a lu es Y es D is a b led M en u L ev el > > + /-/P U /P D : V a lu e F 1 0 : S a v e E S C : E xit F 7 : O p tim ized D efa u lts Figure 24. PnP/PCI Configurations Submenu 8-70 Item H elp F 1 : G en era l H elp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Table 13: Peripherals Setup Submenu Descriptions Menu Name Function PNP OS Installed Default: Yes Use this field to indicate whether or not the BIOS needs to configure non-boot devices. Choosing Yes indicates that you are using a Plug and Play capable operating system. Options are No and Yes. Reset Configuration Data Default: Disabled Use this field to allow you to reset the Extended System Configuration Data (ESCD) upon exiting Setup. Enabling this function is only necessary when, for example, you have installed a new addon and the changes in the system configuration result in a conflict so serious that the system can not boot. Options are Enabled and Disabled. ........... ....................................... 8-71 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu I nte grate d P er iphe rals Submen u The Integrated Peripherals submenu displays a table of items which define the operation of some peripheral items on the system’s input/output ports. C M O S S e tu p U tility - C o p yrig h t (c ) 1 9 8 4 -2 0 0 0 A w a rd S o ftw a re A d va n c e d In te g ra te d P e rip h e ra ls O n b o a rd ID E C h a n n e l0 O n b o a rd ID E C h a n n e l1 In it D is p la y F irs t O n b o a rd F D D C o n tro lle r O n b o a rd S e ria l P o rt O n b o a rd P a ra lle l P o rt O n b o a rd P a ra lle l M o d e ECP Mode Use D MA O n b o a rd S o u n d O n b o a rd L e g a c y A u d io S o u n d B la s te r M ID I P o rt M ID I P o rt I/O A d d re ss e s G a m e P o rt (2 0 0 -2 0 7 H ) : M o ve E n te r: S e le c t F 5 : P re vio u s V a lu e s Ite m H e lp E n a b le d E n a b le d P C IS lo t E n a b le d A u to 3 7 8 /IR Q 7 ECP 3 E n a b le d E n a b le d D is a b le d E n a b le d 3 3 0 -3 3 3 H E n a b le d + /-/P U /P D : V a lu e F 1 0 : S a ve E S C : E xit F 7 : O p tim ize d D e fa u lts Figure 25. Integrated Peripherals Submenu 8-72 M e n u L e ve l > > F 1 : G e n e ra l H e lp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Advanced Menu Table 14: PCI Configuration Setup Submenu Descriptions ....... ............................................ Menu Name Function Onboard IDE Chanel0 Default: Enabled Use this field to activate the primary IDE interface by selecting Enabled or deactivate the IDE interface by selecting Disabled. Options are Enabled and Disabled. Onboard IDE Chanel1 Default: Enabled Use this field to activate the primary IDE interface by selecting Enabled or deactivate the IDE interface by selecting Disabled. Options are Enabled and Disabled. Init Display First Default: PCI Slot Use this field to designate whether the PCI slot or the AGP will be activated first. Options are PCI Slot and AGP. Onboard FDD Controller Default: Enabled Use this field to enable the floppy drive controller on the motherboard by selecting Enabled. The options are Enabled and Disabled. Onboard Serial Port Default: Auto Use this field to disable this function or specify the base I/O port address of serial port on the motherboard. The options are: Auto, Disabled, 3F8/IRQ4, 2F8/IRQ3, 3E8/IRQ4, 2E8/IRQ3. Onboard Parallel Port Default: 378/IRQ7 Use this field to enable Onpboard LPT port and specify the address of your choice. The options are 378/IRQ7, 278/IRQ5, 3BC/IRQ7. Onboard Parallel Mode Default: ECP Use this field to specify the Onboard Parallel Port. The options are: NORMAL, ECP, ECP/EPP. ECP Mode Use DMA Default: 3 Use this field to determine which DMA the ECP mode uses. The options are 3 and 1. Onboard Sound Default: Enabled Onboard Legacy Audio Default: Enabled Use this field to enable or disable the Onboard Legacy Audio. Options are Enabled and Disabled. Sound Blaster Default: Enabled Use this field to enable or disable the Sound Blaster emulation function. Options are Enabled and Disabled. MIDI Port Default: Enabled MIDI Port I/O Addresses Default: 330-333H Use this field to select the I/O address for MPU-401. The options are 300-303H, 310-313H, 320-323H, 330-333H. Game Port (200207H) Default: Enabled Use this field to enable or disable the Game Port function. Options are Enabled and Disabled. 8-73 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Defaults Menu DEFAULTS MENU ................................................................... The Defaults menu displays the option to load the factory setting defaults if your system is experiencing system configuration problems. M a in C M O S S etu p U tility - C o p yrigh t (c ) 1 9 84 -20 0 0 A w ard S o ftw a re A dv a n ced D efa u lts Secu rity Exit L oa d defa u lt s ettin g s Item H elp M en u L ev el > : M ov e E n ter: S elec t F 5 : P revio us Va lu es Figure 26. Defaults Menu 8-74 +/-/P U /PD : V a lu e F 1 0: Sa v e ES C : E xit F 7 : O ptim ized D efa u lts F 1 : G enera l H elp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Defaults Menu Table 15: Peripherals Setup Submenu Descriptions Menu Name Function Load default settings Choose this option to have AWARDBIOS automatically set all AWARDBIOS Setup options to a complete set of default settings. ........... ....................................... 8-75 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Security Menu SECURITY MENU ................................................................... The Security menu displays options to adjust and configure the password protection for your computer and for Setup. M ain C M O S S etup U tility - C opyright (c) 198 4-200 0 A w ard S oftw are A dvanc ed D efaults S ecurity E xit S et S upervis er P ass w ord S et U ser P ass w ord S ecurity O ption Item H elp S etup M enu L evel > : M ove E nter: S elect F 5: P revious V alues Figure 27. Security Menu 8-76 + /-/P U /P D : V a lue F 10: S ave E S C : E xit F 7: O ptim ized D efaults F 1: G eneral H elp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Security Menu Table 16: Peripherals Setup Submenu Descriptions Menu Name Function Set Supervisor Password Select this option to enable, disable, or change the Supervisor password. If no password is currently active, enter a password when prompted and it will be saved. If a password is in use press [Enter] when asked to enter a password and the Supervisor password will be disabled. Set User Password Select this option to enable, disable, or change the User password. If no password is currently active, enter a password when prompted and it will be saved. If a password is in use, press [Enter] when asked to enter a password and the User password will be disabled. Security Option Default: Setup Use this option to determine if a password is required when the system boots and when entering Setup or only when entering Setup. The options are System (requires a password at boot and at Setup) and Setup (only requires a system when entering Setup). ........... ....................................... 8-77 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Exit Menu EXIT MENU ................................................................... The Exit menu displays two exit options; one to exit without saving any changes you have made and another option which saves and applies all the changes you made. M ain C M O S Setu p U tility - C o pyrig ht (c) 1 98 4-2 0 00 Aw ard So ftw a re A dva nced D efa ults S ecurity E xit Save & E xit S etup E xit W ith o ut S avin g Item H elp M en u Level > : M ove E nter: S elect F 5: P revio u s V alues Figure 28. Exit Menu 8-78 +/-/PU /PD : Va lue F1 0: S a ve E SC : Exit F7 : O ptim ized D efa ults F1 : G enera l H elp ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Exit Menu Table 17: Peripherals Setup Submenu Descriptions Menu Name Function Save & Exit Setup Default: Enabled Use this option to save any changes made to the BIOS settings and then exit. Exit Without Saving Default: Both Use this option if you do not want to save changes made to the BIOS before exiting. ........... ....................................... 8-79 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM Flashing Your BIOS FLASHING YOUR BIOS ................................................................... Your BIOS can only be updated through a flash procedure which re-writes, or flashes, the BIOS. When you do this be sure to follow these directions and thoroughly follow any directions given on micronpc.com’s support site. Also, it is very important that you read and understand all the instructions and warnings related to flashing your BIOS before you attempt to flash it. Contact Micron Technical Support if you have any questions. ........................................... Caution Please note that flashing your BIOS, if not done properly, can cause system failure. We recommend that you do not flash your BIOS unless the update specifically addresses your issue. Please contact Micron Technical Support if you have any questions on this procedure. ........................................... 8-80 1 Download the current BIOS from the micronpc.com Support Web site. 2 Unzip/extract the files/image to a bootable floppy disk. 3 Insert the floppy disk into the system. 4 Turn on the computer. The micronpc.com splash page will appear. The system will boot to a command prompt. 5 Flash the BIOS by running the appropriate ".bat" file located on the floppy in the A drive (example: flash102.bat). When the flash process has completed, the system should automatically restart. 6 Remove the floppy disk and press [Delete] to enter the BIOS setup. ..... BIOS SETUP PROGRAM BIOS Flash Recovery Procedure Caution 7 Load the default settings. See “Defaults Menu” on page 8-74. 8 Save and exit setup. See “Exit Menu” on page 8-78. ........................................... Ensure that power to the system is not interrupted during the Flash process. Do not turn off the system while the BIOS is being flashed or damage to the system may result. ........................................... ................................................................... BIOS FLASH RECOVERY PROCEDURE If something went wrong during the "Flashing Your BIOS" procedure or your BIOS has been overwritten by a CMOS virus, follow the instructions in this section. If the screen in Figure 29 displays when booting your system, the main system BIOS is corrupted. 8-81 8 BIOS SETUP PROGRAM BIOS Flash Recovery Procedure If this procedure does not restore your system to normal operation, please call Micron Technical Support for further instruction. 1 Use another computer to download the current BIOS from the micronpc.com Support Web site. 2 Unzip/extract the files/image to a bootable floppy disk. 3 Insert the floppy disk into the system with the corrupted BIOS. B IO S R e c o v e ry S c re e n A w a rd B o o tB lo c k B IO S v 1 .0 C o p yrig h t (c ) 2 0 0 0 , A w a rd S o ftw a re , In c . B IO S R O M c h e c k s u m e rro r D e te c tin g flo p p y d rive A m e d ia ... D riv e m e d ia is : 1 .4 4 M b IN S E R T S Y S T E M D IS K A N D P R E S S E N T E R Figure 29. BIOS Recovery Screen 8-82 4 Turn on the computer. You should see a screen similar to the one in Figure . The system will boot to a command prompt. 5 Flash the BIOS by running the appropriate ".bat" file located on the floppy in the A drive (example: flash102.bat). When the flash process has completed, the system should automatically reboot. 6 Remove the floppy disk and press [Delete] to enter the BIOS setup. 7 Load the default settings. See “Defaults Menu” on page 8-74. 8 Save the changes and exit setup. See “Exit Menu” on page 8-78. R EGULATORY A PPENDIX ..... ................................... A All micronpc.com computer systems are designed to meet Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations and are typically classified as Class B digital devices. There are, however, some options that can be included in your system that may change the rating to Class A. Your micronpc.com system has an FCC registration label located on the back panel of the computer. Most peripheral cards will also have an FCC registration label on the card-mounting bracket or on the card itself. If any label includes the Class A rating, your whole system is considered to be a Class A digital device. If all labels carry either the FCC logo ( ), or Class B rating, your system is considered to be a Class B digital device. Once you determine which classification your system falls under, read the appropriate FCC notices that follow. A-83 A REGULATORY APPENDIX FCC Noti ces FCC CLASS A DIGITAL DEVICE NOTICE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense. FCC CLASS B DIGITAL DEVICE NOTICE This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, users are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures: • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. • Consult an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Note: Shielded interface cables must be used in order to comply with the emission limits. Caution ........................................... Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authorization to operate the equipment. ........................................... A-84 ................................................................... FCC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Responsible Party: Micron Electronics, Inc. Table 18: Contact Information 1 2 Address: 900 E. Karcher Road Nampa, Idaho 83687 USA Type of Equipment: Micro-Tower Personal Computer Model Number: SW-862-8 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following conditions: This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation. A-85 Regulatory Appendix COMPLIANCE INFORMATION STATEMENT A REGULATORY APPENDIX Safety Compliance SAFETY COMPLIANCE ................................................................... A-86 USA UL 1950, 3rd Edition (1995) Canada cUL - UL certified to CSA C22.2 No. 950-95, 3rd Edition (1995) T ROUBLESHOOTING A PPENDIX ..... ................................... B Occasionally while setting up and configuring a computer system, an error may occur or an important element may be forgotten. This section provides information regarding the most frequently encountered problems, as well as many quick and simple solutions. If this section fails to provide solutions and you continue to experience problems, please feel free to contact micronpc.com’s Technical Support team. Before calling Technical Support, you may want to check for any third party hardware or software that you have installed or downloaded onto your computer. Technical Support representatives will ask you to disconnect any of these third-party devices before they can help you. Micron’s Limited Warranties only cover the system components that were included with the initial system shipment. This doesn’t mean that the problem can’t be solved if there is thirdparty hardware or software, but Micron is only responsible for what was shipped with the system. B-87 B TR O U B L E S H O O T I N G A P P E N D I X Table 19: Problems During Boot Symptom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Possible . . . . .Solutions ..................... When the multi-function power button is turned on, the system does not power up (the cooling fan does not run, the power indicator LED is not illuminated, the hard disk does not begin to spin, etc.), and no audible beep is heard. Possible Causes • The power cable is unplugged or defective. • Voltage switch is improperly set. • No power at outlet. • Bad power supply. The IDE CD-ROM is not being recognized by the system. Possible Causes • CMOS is configured incorrectly. • The connection to the CD-ROM is improper or loose. B-88 • See if the power cable is plugged in correctly and firmly. Try a second power cable, if available, or test the cable for continuity. Replace the original cable if it is found to be defective. • Check the red voltage switch (located at the rear of the unit near the fan) and ensure that it is set for the proper voltage (115V in the U.S. and Canada). • Check the outlet with another appliance. • If a surge protector or Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) is being used, temporarily bypass the surge protector and plug the unit directly into the wall outlet. The surge protector or UPS may be faulty. • With the power off, carefully open the system unit. Reconnect the CD-ROM ribbon cable on the motherboard and at the back of the CD-ROM. The colored stripe going down the side of the gray controller cable signifies pin one and should be connected to pin one of the controller and drives. • See if the power connector in the CD-ROM is secure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Possible . . . . .Solutions ..................... Symptom System powers on, the display works, but the system does not complete the boot process or one of the following error messages is displayed on the screen: • Hard Disk Controller Failure. • Fixed Disk Configuration Error. • Operating System Not Found. Possible Causes • Hard disk is incorrectly set up in CMOS. • Hard disk cable may not be properly connected. • CMOS may have lost settings. • Files on hard disk may be corrupted. • Hard disk may be defective. • Check the CMOS settings. See the “BIOS Setup Program” section on page 8-55. • Use the Default Settings in the CMOS. • With the power off, carefully open the system chassis. Reset the gray ribbon cable that is connected to the hard drive and to the motherboard. The colored stripe going down the side of the gray controller cable signifies pin one and should be connected to pin one of the controller and drive. See if the power connector to the hard disk is secure. B-89 Tr o u b l e s h o o t i n g A p p e n d i x Table 19: Problems During Boot (Continued) B TR O U B L E S H O O T I N G A P P E N D I X Table 19: Problems During Boot (Continued) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Possible . . . . .Solutions ..................... Symptom The monitor is flickering noticeably or the video is distorted. Possible Causes • RF Interference. • Invalid or corrupt video drivers. • Refresh rate not set correctly. • Loose DIMM Module(s). B-90 • Check for high power draining devices, or high noise devices in the area. Examples include fans, space heaters, air conditioners, other monitors, other computers, fluorescent lights, printers, microwaves, or televisions. Any of these devices could cause a flickering in your display because of the interference they can put into the power lines or the environment. Also, temporarily unplug any other devices that are in the same outlet or surge protector that the monitor and computer are using (amplified speakers or one of the devices listed above). • Temporarily switch your video display to use default standard VGA drivers. Your display will not have the clarity or color definition that it usually does, however, check if everything appears normal. If it does, try reinstalling the video drivers specific to the video card that shipped with your system, or check the micronpc.com Web site for updated video drivers. G LOSSARY ..... ................................... Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) A high-performance bus for graphics-intensive applications which operates independently of the PCI bus. See Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI). Access Panel Access Panel refers to the plastic cover or panel that is designed to be removed from the case to provide access to internal components inside the computer case. analog A continuous electronic current of varying frequency. Digital data from a computer must be converted to an analog signal by a modem before it can be transmitted over standard telephone lines. anti-virus utility A program that detects and usually repairs damage caused by a harmful program code. application A complete, self-contained program that performs a specific function directly for the user. backup A copy of one or more files for safekeeping. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) Programs that are permanently stored in the system board’s ROM chips providing functions such as the power-on self test. See read only memory (ROM). bezel A plastic rim used as an opaque covering to a metal chassis. binary A number system that represents digital data and uses only the symbols 0 and 1. Glossary-91 GLOSSARY bit A unit of measurement used to describe the smallest possible piece of computer information, represented as a binary digit. Eight bits is equal to one byte. boot To start up a computer system and load the operating system. During the start-up process, information necessary for the computer to operate is loaded into the memory. bus The set of address or data lines used to transfer information between different components within a computer (such as memory, the microprocessor, and the expansion slots). The width of the bus, or the number of parallel connectors, determines the size, in bits, of the largest data item that it can carry. Bus is the main communication path used by the components of a computer. byte A unit of measurement used to describe a quantity of data, equal to eight bits. A character is one byte in size. cache Small, fast, local storage for frequently accessed instructions and data to provide the processor with the fastest stream of information possible, while keeping main memory current. card See PCI and AGP. central processing unit (CPU) Controls the operation of a computer. Contains the logic circuitry that performs the instructions of a computer's programs. chip Chip is short for microchip, the incredibly complex yet tiny modules that store computer memory or provide logic circuitry for microprocessors. clock A circuit that sends a consistent, periodic signal used to synchronize the computer and to step information through the system. closed A complete circuit. Usually accomplished by placing a jumper over two pins on the system board or a peripheral card. Also see open and jumper. compact disc (CD) A 4.72 inch circular piece of plastic that can store a maximum of 650 MB of digital data on one side using laser technology. Glossary-92 A logic circuit family that uses little power. Used to store information by applying constant, uninterrupted power through the use of an external battery. configure To setup a computer or change program settings. connector A receptacle designed to accept the insertion of a specific cable plug, usually located on the back of the computer or device. default An automatic setting that a program uses unless alternative instructions are entered. Desktop Management Interface (DMI) An interface for managing computers by providing information about the system and its components to DMIcompliant viewers. Direct Memory Access (DMA) A method for transferring data directly to and from system memory, bypassing the microprocessor. diskette A storage device. Also known as a 3.5 inch or floppy diskette. diskette drive A device that enables a computer to read data from and write data to diskettes. Disk Operating System (DOS) See operating system. download To transfer a copy of a file from a remote computer. drive A device that enables the reading and writing of data to a storage device. driver A program that enables the operating system to recognize and operate devices installed or attached to a computer (PCI card or printer). dual in-line memory module (DIMM) Small circuit boards carrying memory integrated circuits, with signal and power pins on both sides of the board, in contrast to single-in-line memory modules (SIMM). On a DIMM, the connections on each side of the module connect to different chips. This allows for a wider data path, as more modules can be accessed at once. Glossary-93 Glossary Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) GLOSSARY dynamic random access memory (DRAM) Memory that requires a periodic refresh cycle to keep the stored information from being lost. Loss of power causes loss of data in this memory. DVD An optical storage medium with improved capacity and bandwidth over the compact disc. It is becoming more available for computer applications. electronic mail A method of sending messages and files across a network. Also known as e-mail. error checking and correction (ECC) A method to detect and correct errors in transmitted or stored data. ESCD An area of CMOS memory where information such as IRQ assignments are stored. expansion slot A receptacle on the system board that accepts a device that adds functionality to the computer, such as a modem. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Instructions that specify how files are downloaded or uploaded. floppy disk A 3.5 inch removable storage medium used for storing programs and files externally from the computer system. format A process that prepares a disk to hold data. For hard disks, there are two formatting processes: low-level and high-level. gigabyte (GB) A unit of measurement used to describe data quantity. One GB is equal to approximately one billion bytes. hard disk A high-capacity, high-storage medium. hard drive A device that enables a computer to read data from and write data to a hard disk, an internal data storage device. hardware The physical components of a computer. hertz (Hz) A unit of measurement used to describe frequency rate. One hertz is equal to one cycle per second. Glossary-94 A generic term that refers to the devices and processes involved in the computer’s reading and writing data. integrated circuit An electronic device that combines thousands of transistors on a small chip of silicon or other semiconductor. Such devices are the building blocks of computers. Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Currently the most popular type of hard drive used in PCs. A standard IDE adapter can handle a maximum of four hard drives total. I/O Port A connector that allows external and some internal peripherals to communicate with the computer system (e.g., serial ports and parallel ports). interface The connection between you and the computer, or between the computer and peripheral devices. joystick A device that is often used to control games. jumper A small plastic block containing a metal insert that can electrically connect one or more pins. keyboard The primary device used for entering text. kilobits per second (Kbps) A unit of measurement used to describe the rate of data transfer (thousands of bits per second). kilobyte A measure of computer memory or storage. One KB equals approximately one thousand bytes. light-emitting diode (LED) A device that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. Local Area Network (LAN) LANs are data communications networks which are geographically limited, allowing easy interconnection of terminals, microprocessors and computers within adjacent buildings. Logical Block Addressing (LBA) A hard drive addressing scheme that enables the use of drives larger than 512 MB. Glossary-95 Glossary Input/Output (I/O) GLOSSARY megabits per second (Mbps) A unit of measurement used to describe the rate of data transfer. megabyte A unit of measurement used to describe the rate of data transfer. One MB is equal to approximately one million bytes. megahertz (MHz) A unit of measurement used to describe microprocessor speed. One MHz is equal to one million cycles per second. memory Memory is the electronic holding place for instructions and data that your computer's microprocessor can reach quickly. See also random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), hard disk, floppy disk, and removable storage. microprocessor An integrated circuit that contains circuits the computer needs to calculate and to communicate with the other parts of the system. Also see CPU. motherboard See system board. mouse A mouse is a small device that a computer user pushes across a desk surface in order to point to a place on a display screen and make selections by clicking the buttons. multimedia Multimedia is more than one concurrent presentation medium (for example, on CD-ROM or a Web site). Although still images are a different medium than text, multimedia is typically used to refer to the combination of text, sound, and/or motion video. Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) A hardware specification and protocol used to communicate notes and effect information between synthesizers, computers, keyboards, controllers and other electronic music devices. network Two or more computers linked together to share resources, such as files, programs, or printers. network interface card (NIC) A network interface card (NIC) is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. Personal computers and workstations on local area networks (LANs) typically contain a network interface card specifically designed for the LAN transmission technology. Glossary-96 Glossary non-volatile memory Memory that is maintained even when power is off. on-board floppy A floppy disk drive controller that is incorporated into the system board. open A circuit that is not complete. Usually accomplished by removing a jumper from two pins on the system board or a peripheral card. Also see closed and jumper. operating system Software that provides a link between application programs and the computer hardware (e.g., disks, memory). parallel port A device that transfers data simultaneously through eight separate wires in a parallel cable. partition A partition is a logical division of a hard disk created so that you can create the appearance of having separate hard drives for file management, multiple users, or other purposes. peripheral Any device that is connected to the computer system (e.g., printers, keyboard, plotters, etc.). Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) PCI is an interconnection system between a microprocessor and attached devices in which expansion slots are spaced closely for high speed operation. pin Any of the leads on a device, such as an integrated circuit, that plug into a socket and connect to a system. pixels Individual dots that make up a graphical image. Plug and Play (PNP) Plug-and-Play is a standard that gives computer users the ability to plug a device into a computer and the operating system and BIOS will recognize that the device is there. port A specific place for being physically connected to some other device, usually with a socket and plug of some kind. Typically, a personal computer is provided with one or more serial ports and usually one parallel port. Power On Self Test (POST) Check-out procedures that the BIOS runs automatically when the system is turned on. These procedures verify that all computer hardware is functioning properly. If the test detects problems, the computer displays error codes before (or instead of) starting the operating system. The error codes can help a service person determine what is wrong with the computer. Glossary-97 GLOSSARY program A set of instructions that a computer interprets to perform some tasks. random access memory (RAM) Type of computer memory that can be used to store information while a program is running. RAM consists of a number of small integrated circuits that are plugged into the system board or an external memory card. read only memory (ROM) The type of computer memory that is used to permanently store the information vital to computer operation, including some parts of the operating system. ROM is permanent and the contents will not be lost when the computer is turned off. real-time clock (RTC) A battery-powered clock located in your computer that keeps time even when the computer is unplugged. removable storage These devices allow you to store large quantities of data. These devices far exceed the storage capabilities of floppy disks. serial port A device that transfers data one bit at a time through a serial cable. setup program A program that is used to inform the computer about installed peripheral, memory, configuration information, date and time, etc. shadow RAM A method of copying BIOS routines from slower ROM chips to much faster RAM, increasing system performance. software A general term that describes a program or set of programs. static random access memory (SRAM) Memory that does not require the periodic refreshing that dynamic memory requires. surge protector A device that protects electrical devices from a burst of excessive voltage. suspend mode This function, when enabled, saves energy by shutting down devices if the computer has not had any user input after an interval of time. This function is not available with all operating systems. Glossary-98 This is a form of DRAM which adds a separate clock signal to the control signals. These chips can contain more complex state machines, allowing them to support “burst” access modes that clock out a series of successive bits. system The assembly of basic components (e.g., power supply, motherboard, memory, video monitor, etc.) united by some form of communication to form an organized whole. system board The large printed-circuit board in a computer on which most electronic devices are mounted; the primary board in a computer. All other interfaces receive control signals or information from the motherboard. Also commonly referred to as the mainboard or motherboard. system unit The description for the computer case and all internal components (e.g., the system board, expansion cards, disk drives, power supply, etc.). uninterruptible power supply (UPS) A UPS is a device that allows your computer to keep running for a short time when the primary power source is lost. It also provides protection from power surges. universal serial bus (USB) USB is a plug-and-play interface between a computer and add-on devices (such as audio players, joysticks, keyboards, telephones, scanners, and printers). utility A small program that provides an addition to the capabilities provided by the operating system. video electronics standard association (VESA) A group of standards developed for the purpose of defining video resolutions greater than VGA. video graphics array (VGA) The most widely accepted graphics hardware standard and the lowest common denominator for all graphics cards and monitors manufactured to date. Glossary-99 Glossary synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) GLOSSARY virus A harmful computer program that may cause damage to data or programs. wait state A delay in the computer’s information processing cycle caused by a difference in speed between a faster processor and slower memory. A 0-wait state means the processor does not have to “wait” for memory, and can access data as fast as needed. Glossary-100
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