PPT

BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
QUALITY OF TUNGABHADRA RIVER (T.B DAM)
AT MUNIRABAD KARNATAKA state.
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL Quality
OF TUNGABHADRA RIVER (T.B DAM) AT MUNIRABAD
KARNATAKA STATE.
1 RAMESH.
K,
2 Dr.
H. ANJINAPPA M.Sc PhD,
4 Dr.
3 Er.
B.VENKATESH PRASADH.
M. RAVIKUMAR M.Sc. M.Phil, Ph.D.
Shree Mallige Institute of Paramedical Sciences Hospet
3 Research officer, Karnataka Engineering Research Station, Munirabad
3 HOD Department of Botany, A.D.B First Grade College Harapanahalli.
1,2
PRESENTED BY :
RAMESH. K
C/o. Research Officer
S & S Survey Sub-division
Karnataka Engineering Research Station
Munirabad (At/Po), Koppal Dist
Karnataka State – 583 233
Email: [email protected]
I N T R O D UC T I O N:
q “Water Water Every where
Nor a water to Drink”.
Ø Water is one of the most fundamental natural resource on earth for
survival of life.
Ø Water is World’s All Time Essential Resource.
Ø In the global water resources about 97.5% is saline water mainly in
oceans and only 2.5% is available as fresh water and 70% of it is locked
in icecaps and glaciers or lies in deep underground reservoirs. An
infinitesimal proportion (0.007%) of all water on earth is readily
available fresh water.
—
v “ The wars, if fought in the 21st century will be fought over water” –
warning by the World bank & UNEP .
v Fresh water is scare finite resource is essential for drinking, agriculture
industry, hydro-power generation, navigation, recreation and even
human existence.
v Reservoirs & Lakes are playing a major role as an important fresh water
resources for our planet.
v Unfortunately despite of its importance, fresh water sources are being
polluted by human & industrial activities.
v Therefore it is a immense importance of a comprehensive water
analysis, periodic research and timely monitoring of
sources.
--x—x—x--
freshwater
STUDY AREA:
Tungabhadra Reservoir (Dam) is one of the major important river
valley project in India has been constructed a dam across Tungabhadra river
at Mallapur village near Munirabad Karnataka state. The project was a joint
venture of the Karnataka and Andhra pradesh states and was completed in
1953. This is a multipurpose project extensively used by both the states for
their source of drinking water supply, irrigation, industry, hydro-power
generation, mining, fishing, boating and recreation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
— Water samples were collected once in every month.
— The field parameters were analyzed immediately after the collection of
sample at field.
— The samples were transported to the laboratory
with necessary
preservation in the ice box.
— The Physico-chemical and Bacteriological parameters were analysed as
per Standard methods.
— The samples were stored in the refrigerator till analysis.
RESULT S AND DISCUSSION
The results of Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters obtained
during analysis has listed below in table. The all parameters analysed were
with in the limits of W.H.O guidelines except BOD and Coliforms.
CO3 mg/L
HCO3 mg/L
F mg/L
B mg/L
Iron
Total Colif0r
Faecal coliforms
0.2
3.0
4
2
84.0
96
2.4
81.4
0.4
0.2
1.0
12
4
1.0 2.0 3.0
160 0.0 98.0
88
34 13.1 16 8.0 20 60
1.8
96.1
0.4
0.2
2.0
8
4
20
2.0 1.0 4.0
120 0.0 76.0
72
28 10.7 22 6.0 28 40
1.1
74.8
0.2
0.1
3.0
6
4
318
156
1.0 1.0 3.0
180 0.0 68.0
54
18
18 4.0 22 40
0.9
66.9
0.2
0.1
2.0
4
2
fr 6.0
214
64
3.0 1.0 2.5
160
16
128.
0
120 52 16.5 22 8.0 28 30
3.7
124.2
1.0
0.5
2.0
11
4
Feb-10 8.4
240 29.0 LG fis 6.2
140
20
3.0 2.0 3.0
180
12
72.0
60
54
1.5
20 8.0 26 20
1.7
70.2
0.8
0.5
1.5
6
2
Mar-10 8.2
382 30.0
Cl fis 5.4
318
156
2.0 1.0 3.5
140 0.0
122.
0
94
80
3.4
24 8.0 32 30
1.8
120.1
1.0
0.4
1.5
4
2
Apr-10 8.3
340 30.0
Cl fis 4.0
214
64
3.0 1.0 3.0
120 8.0 80.0
1.5
78.4
1.0
0.5
1.0
8
4
May-10 8.4
520 28.0
B
fr 4.0
140
20
2.0 1.0 4.0
180
3.2
136.6
0.6
0.4
1.0
11
6
Jun-10 8.3
372 27.0
B
fr 5.0
318
156
2.0 1.0 3.0
2.6
141.3
0.6
0.4
2.0
8
4
Jul-10 8.2
298 26.0
B
fr 6.0
214
64
2.0 2.0 3.0
104 36 16.5 20 8.0 34 40
1.6
110.3
0.4
0.2
2.0
6
2
Aug-10 8.4
380 24.0
B
fr 8.0
140
20
2.0 2.0 4.0
120 40 19.4 24 8.0 40 60
2.5
107.3
0.2
0.1
1.5
6
4
Average 8.3
332 26.8
-
-
5.9
318
156
2.0
1.4 3.3
7
140.
0
144.
140 0.0
0
112.
80 0.0
0
110.
120 10
0
101.
137 6.3
9
100 43 13.8 23 9.3 34 43
2.2
101.3
0.6
0.29 1.9
7
7
Min 8.2
198 24.0
-
-
4.0
214
64
1.0 1.0 2.5
60
54
16 4.0 20 20
1.1
66.9
0.2
0.1
1.0
4
4
Max 8.5
520 30.0
-
-
8.0
140
20
3.0 2.0 4.0
200 20.
152 80 27.7 38 18. 52 60
3.7
141.3
1.0
0.5
3.0
12
12
fr 8.0
140
20
2.0 2.0 3.0
80
10
112.
0
Sep-09 8.5
326 26.0
B
fr 8.0
318
156
2.0 1.0 4.0
200
20
Oct-09 8.3
240 27.0
Cl
fr 6.0
214
64
Nov-09 8.2
314 26.0
Cl
fr 6.0
140
Dec-09 8.2
282 24.0
Cl fis 4.0
Jan-10 8.5
198 28.0
Cl
pH
Alk-TOT
mgCaCO3/L
B
Alk-Phen
452 24.0
p-TOT mg/L
Aug-09 8.4
NO3-N mg/L
0.0 80.0
Temp deg C
60
EC µmho/cm
2.0 2.0 3.0
Units
64
12
0.0 68.0
144.
0
Cl mg/L
0.6
214
K mg/L
109.3
fr 6.0
Na mg/L
2.6
B
Mg mg/L
120 60 14.6 20
300 26.0
Ca mgCaCO3/L
SO4 mg/L
Total Hardnes
2
COD mg/L
4
BOD3-27 mg/L
3
SS mg/L
0.2
TDS mg/L
0.4
DO mg/L
NA
Odour_Code
NA
Colour_Cod
112 48 15.6 18 8.0 32 40
Jul-09 8.3
Month
10.
34 40
0
12.
52 10.7 24
40 60
0
8.8
10.
48 40
0
18.
152 38 27.7 38
52 60
0
14.
132 32 24.3 28
46 40
0
72
26 11.2 28
18
1.5
B.O.D variation during the year 2009-10
4.5
4
3.5
BOD
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Jul/0 Aug/ Sep/ Oct/0 Nov/ Dec/ Jan/1 Feb/ Mar/ Apr/1 May/ Jun/1 Jul/1 Aug/
9
09
09
9
09
09
0
10
10
0
10
0
0
10
Series1
3
3
4
3
4
3
2.5
3
3.5
3
4
3
3
4
Total Coliforms variation during the year
2009-10
Total Coliforms
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Jul- Aug09 09 09 09 09 09 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Series1
4
4
12
8
6
4
11
6
4
8
11
8
6
6
Feacal Coliforms variation during the year
2009-10
Feacal coliforms
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- May Jun- Jul- Aug09 09 09 09 09 09 10 10 10 10 -10 10 10 10
Series1
2
2
4
4
4
2
4
2
2
4
6
4
2
4
Biological Oxygen Demand:
The biological oxygen demand of water can be defined as the amount of
oxygen required by the organism to degrade the organic matter present in the
water. BOD indicates the pollution load of reservoir. BOD limit for drinking
purpose is 2ppm, where the reservoir water was ranged from 2.5 to 4 ppm. The BOD
value were slightly higher than tolerance limit and there is no tolerance limit
specified for the irrigation purposes.
Bacteriologic Quality of Water:
The Coliform bacteria in water are considered as indicators of bacterial
pollution of human or animal origin and organisms being used as indicator
organisms. The results obtained during bacteriological analysis revealed the presence
of bacteria (coliforms) in reservoir water. The presence of these total coliforms &
fecal coliforms indicate contamination by human and animal waste. These pathogens
may pose a special health risk on human being especially on infants, young children’s
and people with severely compromised immune system. WHO has recommended a
Zero value of coliform per 100ml in drinking water. In reservoir water the values of
Total coliform & fecal coliform ranged between 4-11 and 2-6 respectively. This
indicated that the reservoir water was contaminated by fecal material originated
from human or animal and imply that this water source pose a serious health risk to
consumers.
—
—
CONCLUSION:
The study has provided the information about the water
quality status of Tungabhadra reservoir. And revealed that
all most all parameters analyzed were with in the limits of
WHO guidelines and satisfies all the criteria except
BOD, Iron and Bacteriological quality. the bacteriological
quality of reservoir was poor due to direct contamination by
human activities and animals. The reservoir water should
be used only after prior treatment
RECOMENDATION:
—
As this study was restricted to sampling of water at upstream near
the gate. The sampling & analysis of water at foreshore area of the
reservoir along the catchment area at different depths and
immediate downstream could not be done. Hence, it is
recommended that the comprehensive water quality
analysis, periodic research and timely monitoring of reservoir
water at immediately down stream and along the catchment area
at different places and at different depths must be carried out to
enhance better management plan of reservoir and is immense
importance to keep reservoir water healthy condition and save
them from being unsuitable from becoming unsuitable for human
uses and to the next generation
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
—
Our sincere thanks to Research officer and staff, Karnataka Engineering
Research Station Munirabad for providing laboratory facilities and kind
cooperation for this study.
THE END