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Suggested Books with Figurative Language
SUGGESTED BOOKS Suggested Books with Figurative Language EXAMPLE BOOKS WITH SIMILES Chanticleer and the Fox Geoffrey Chaucer The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses Paul Gobel Little Island Golden MacDonald Hide and Seek Frog Alvin Tresselt White Snow, Bright Snow Alvin Tresselt Nettie's Trip South Ann Turner Everyone Knows What a Dragon Looks Like Jay William Umbrella Taro Yashima Owl Moon Jane Yolen EXAMPLE BOOKS WITH METAPHORS Through the Mickle Woods Valiska Gregory Kinda Blue Ann Grifalconi Little Island Golden MacDonald The Tale ofPeter Rabbit Beatrix Potter Tar Beach Faith Ringgold Hide and Seek Frog Alvin Tresselt White Snow, Bright Snow Alvin Tresselt Owl Moon Jane Yolen EXAMPLE BOOKS WITH PERSONIFICATION The Little House Virginia Lee Burton Gilberto and the Wind Marie Hall Ets Flossie and the Fox Patricia McKissack The Giving Tree Shel Silverstein Sylvester and the Magic Pebble William Steig Book titles taken from Using Picture Storybooks to Teach Literary Devices, Hall, Susan 1994 Westport, CT: Oryx Press. read \m »m.» f Wg* 20O3NCrE/IRA. A3! ti&Aa reserved R«adV»Ae1hmk nailer »l8 mat be reproduced far edueatiaiai purposes. SUGGESTED BOOKS Nonfiction Booklist Autobiographies By My Brothers Side by Tiki & Ronde Barber Gung Hay Fat Choy (Special Holiday Books) by June Behrens A Christmas Memory by Truman Capote 26 Fairmount Avenue (26 Fairmount Avenue Books) by Tomie dePaola What a Year (26 Fairmount Avenue Books) by Tomie dePaola bonnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia by Joseph D. Pistone Biographies A Picture Book of Benjamin Franklin (Picture Book Biography) by David A. Adler A Picture Book of George Washington (Picture Book Biography) by David A. Adler A Picture Book of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Picture Book Biography) by David A. Adler Young Rosa Parks: Civil Rights Heroine (First Start Biographies) by Ar\r\e Benjamin Buffalo Bill and the Pony Express (I Can Read Book 3) by Eleanor Coerr George Washington: A Picture Book Biography by James Cross Oiblin Helen Keller: Courage in the bark by Johanna Hurwitz Tom Edison's Bright Ideas (Real Reading) by Jack Keller Cass Becomes a Star: Surprise and Discovery (Literacy Links Plus Guided Readers Fluent) by Graham Meadows Buddy: The First Seeing Eye bog (Hello Reader! Level 4) by Eva Moore Young Squanto: The First Thanksgiving by Andrew Woods Informative Nonfiction Science Fair (Newbridge Discovery Links) by William Anton From the Earth by William Anton & Curriculum Concepts (Editors) Finding the Titanic (Hello Reader! Level 4) by Robert Ballard Plant Eaters of the Pond (Sunshine Books, Science) by Fred Biddulph Five True bog Stories by t^arqare'X Davidson Five True Horse Stories by Margaret Davidson Nine True bolphin Stories by Margaret Davidson SUGGESTED BOOKS Informative Nonfiction continued The Cloud Book: Words and Pictures by Tomie dePaola Animal Tracks by Arthur Dorros The Moon (Newbridge Discovery Links) by Karen Edwards Red Leaf, Yellow Leaf by Lois Ehlert Nature's Celebration (Literacy Tree: Imagine That!/Literacy 2000 Stage 8) by Peter Garland Everyone Needs Tools (Newbridge Discovery Links) by Dan Greenberg Gravity (Newbridge Discovery Links) by Dan Greenberg Jungle Jack Hanna's Safari Adventure by Jack Hanna Jungle Jack Hanna's What Zookeepers bo (Hello Reader! Level 4) by Jack Hanna biscovery Teams (Newbridge Discovery Links) by Daniel Jacobs The Food Pyramid (True Books, Food & Nutrition) by Joan Kalbacken biary of a Honeybee (Creative Solutions/Literacy 2000 Stage 5) by Bill Keir What is a Reptile?* (Now I Know) by Susan Kuchalla Insects (Reading Discovery) by Carolyn MacLulich Using Energy Wisely (Newbridge Discovery Links) by Dina McClellan Rabbits (What a Worldl/Literacy 2000 Stage 6) by Graham Meadows Watching the Whales (Foundations) by Graham Meadows Whales: The Gentle Giants by Joyce Milton Reptiles (Newbridge Discovery Links) by Brenda Parkes Yellowstone National Park (New True Books) by David Peterson Looking at Clouds (Newbridge Discovery Links) by Susan Ring Owls (Newbridge Discovery Links) by Susan Ring Wonderfully Weird Animals (Newbridge Discovery Links) by Susan Ring How Kittens Grow by Millicent E. Selsam Animal Reports by Peter & Sheryl Sloan Machines in the School: Focus, Materials, Information Systems by Peter & Sheryl Sloan Machines on the Farm: Focus, Systems by Peter & Sheryl Sloan Using Machines: Focus, Materials by Peter & Sheryl Sloan What is Bat? (Out and About/Literacy 2000 Stage 3) by Leanna Traill What is Matter? (Newbridge Early Science Series) by Lisa Trumbauer Clouds (What a Worldl/Literacy 2000 Stage 6) by Marcia Vaughan Seeds by Walker WHIG tilIflK Copyright 2007 IRA/NCTE. All rights reserved. Kt;iTi marcopolo ReadWriteThink materials may be reproduced for educational purposes. SUGGESTED BOOKS Literary Devices in Children's and Young Adult Literature The three volumes of Using Picture Storybooks to Teach Literary Devices by Susan Hall (Oryx Press, http://www.greenwood.com) are essential resources for teachers looking for picture books to help students learn to read with appreciation and understanding. Each resource defines a literary term, identifies picture books to use as examples, and demonstrates how each picture book reflects several literary terms. She even explains the art styles used in storybooks. The following lists were made by comparing some of the literary devices Hall examines in her three resources with books available in your school library or through the San Diego County Office of Education's Media Services. The following is not a comprehensive list of the literary devices she explores, but a sampling of picture books to assist you in teaching literary devices. Hall's books are available for check out from School Library Service. Alliteration Bradbury, Ray Switch on the Night Edwards, Pamela Duncan Clara Caterpillar Edwards, Pamela Duncan Dinorella: A Prehistoric Fairy Tale Chaucer, Geoffrey Chanticleer and the Fox Deedy, Carmen Agra The Yellow Star Myers, Tim Basho and the Fox Say, Allen Gratulfather's Journey Edwards, Pamela Duncan Four Famished Foxes and Fosdyke Atmosphere Edwards, Pamela Duncan Some Smug Slug Kellogg, Steven Chicken Little Lobel, Anita Alison's Zinnia Lobel, Arnold The Rose in My Garden Myers, Christopher Black Cat Seuss, Dr. How the Grinch Stole Christmas Shaw, Nancy Sheep in a Shop Stevenson, James What's Under My Bed Willard, Nancy The Voyage ofLudgate Hill Baylor, Byrd The Best Town in the World Bunting, Eve The Man Who Could Call Down Owls Bunting, Eve The Wall Deedy, Carmen Agra The Yellow Star DePaola, Tomie The Art Lesson DePaola, Tomie Nana Upstairs and Nana Downstairs Ets, Marie Hall Nine Days to Christmas Fleischman, Paul Rondo in C Hall, Donald Ox-Cart Man Allusion Johnson, Paul Brett Bearhide and the Crow Keats, Ezra Jack The Snowy Day Ahlberg, Janet and Allan Ahlberg Each Peach Pear Plum Lamorisse, Albert The Red Balloon Cameron, Polly / Can't Said the Ant McCully, Emily Mirette on the High Wire Howe, James Horace and Morris but Mostly Dolores Johnson, D.B. Henry Hikes to Fitchburg Rylant, Cynthia The Relatives Came Meddaugh, Susan Hog-Eye St. George, Judith So You Want to Be President? Say, Allen Grandfather's Journey Ringgold, Faith Tar Beach Say, Allen Tree of Cranes Roth, Roger The Sign Painter's Dream Steig, William The Amazing Bone Scieszka, Jon The Frog Prince Continued Turner, Ann Drummer Boy: Marching to the Civil War Turner, Ann Nettie's Trip South Shaw, Nancy Sheep in a Shop Van Allsburg, Chris The Widow's Broom Ambiguity Van Allsburg, Chris The Polar Express Wisniewski, David Golem Yolen, Jane Encounter Foreshadowing Briggs, Raymond Jim and the Beanstalk Handforth, Thomas Mei Li Jukes, Mavis Blackberries in the Dark Babbitt, Natalie Phoebe's Revolt Jukes, Mavis Like Jake and Me Kellogg, Steven Chicken Little Brett, Jan Annie and the Wild Animals Bunting, Eve Night Tree Kellogg, Steven Pinkerton Bunting, Eve The Man Who Could Call Down Owls Lawson, Julie Emma and the Silk Train Burton, Virginia Lee The Little House Myers, Tim Basho and the Fox Say, Allen The Sign Painter Burton, Virginia Lee Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel Carrick, Donald Harald and the Great Stag Stolz, Mary Storm in the Night. Chaucer, Geoffrey Chanticleer and the Fox Turner, Ann Nettie's Trip South Christelow, Eileen Mr. Murphy's Marvelous Invention Wild, Jocelyn Florence and Eric Take the Cake Cole, Sheila When the Rain Stops Daughtery, James Andy and the Lion Analogy Deedy, Carmen Agra The Yellow Star DePaola, Tomie Strega Nona Burton, Virginia Lee The Little House Flack, Marjorie Angus and the Ducks Goffstein, M.B. A Writer Flack, Marjorie Angus Lost Jonas, Ann The Trek Flournoy, Valerie The Patchwork Quilt Lionni, Leo Swimmy Freeman, Don Dandelion Williams, Garth The Chicken Book Fox, Mem Hattie and the Fox Wisniewski, David Golem Goble, Paul Death of an Iron Horse Hoban, Russell Trouble on Thunder Mountain Aphorism Hutchins, Pat Rosie's Walk Kalan, Robert Jump, Frog, Jump! Rlns loan Old fjpnrv Kellogg, Steven Ralph's Secret Weapon SUGGESTED BOOKS Law son, Julie Emma and the Silk Train Stolz, Mary Storm in the Night Leaf, Munro The Story of Ferdinand Tresselt, Alvin Hide and Seek Fog Lionni, Leo Alexander the Wind-Up Mouse Tresselt, Alvin Rain Drop Splash Mahy, Margaret The Boy Who Was Followed Home Tresselt, Alvin White Snow Bright Snow Martin, Bill Knots on a Counting Rope Turner, Ann Dakota Dugout McCloskey, Robert Lentil Turner, Ann Drummer Boy: Marching to the Civil War McCloskey, Robert Make Way for Ducklings Warnock, Natalie When Spring Comes Meddaugh, Susan Hog-Eye Wisniewski, David Golem Polacco, Patricia Just Plain Fancy Yolen, Jane Owl Moon Potter, Beatrix The Tale of Peter Rabbit Rathmann, Peggy Ruby the Copycat Inference Say, Allen Grandfather's Journey Aardema, Verna Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People's Ears Seuss, Dr. The Cat in the Hat Sierra, Judy The Gift of the Crocodile: A Cinderella Story Allard, Harry Miss Nelson Has a Field Day Steig, William Sylvester and the Magic Pebble Allen, Jeffrey Nosey Mrs. Rat Turkle, Brinton Do Not Open Baker, Jeannie The Hidden Forest Van Allsburg, Chris The Stranger Cronin, Doreen Click, Clack, Moo Cows That Type Van Allsburg, Chris The Wreck of the Zephyr Deedy, Carmen Agra The Yellow Star Williams, Garth The Chicken Book DePaola, Tomie The Art Lesson Wisniewski, David Golem DePaola, Tomie Mariana May and Nursey Yolen, Jane Encounter Ets, Marie Play With Me Zemach, Harve The Judge Flack, Marjorie Angus and the Cat Fleischman, Sid The Scarebird Hyperbole Flournoy, Valerie The Patchwork Quilt Hoban, Russell Bedtime for Frances Baylor, Byrd The Best Town in the World Holl, Adelaide The Rain Puddle De Regniers, Beatrice May I Bring a Friend? Isadora, Rachel Ben's Trumpet Gag, Wanda Millions of Cats Kroll, Virginia Masai and I Hoban, Russell Trouble on Thunder Mountain Lawson, Julie Emma and the Silk Train Hutchins, Pat The Very Worst Monster Lionni, Leo Inch by Inch Kraus, Robert Milton the Early Riser Lobel, Arnold The Rose in My Garden Lum, Kate What! Cried Granny: An Almost Bedtime Story Locker, Thomas The Boy Who Held Back the Sea McPhail, David Pig Pig Rides Low, Joseph Mice Twice Meddaugh, Susan Hog-Eye Lum, Kate What! Cried Granny: An Almost Bedtime Story Sendak, Maurice Where the Wild Things Are McCully, Emily Mirette on the High Wire Seuss, Dr. The Cat in the Hat Meddaugh, Susan Hog-Eye Stolz, Mary Storm in the Night Miles, Miska Annie and the Old One Zemach, Harve The Judge Miller, William The Piano Parnall, Peter The Great Fish Imagery Rayner, Mary Mr. & Mrs. Pig's Evening Out Say, Allen The Sign Painter Baker, Jeannie The Hidden Forest Say, Allen Tree of Cranes Baylor, Byrd The Best Town in the World Schermbrucker, Reviva Charlie 's House Baylor, Byrd Your Own Best Secret Place Sendak, Maurice Where the Wild Things Are Bunting, Eve How Many Days to America? Shulevitz, Uri One Monday Morning DePaola, Tomie An Early American Christmas Snyder, Dianne The Boy of the Three-Year Nap Dragon wagon, Cresent Home Place Steig, William The Amazing Bone Ets, Marie Play with Me Steptoe, John Stevie Freschet, Berniece The Web in the Grass Stolz, Mary Storm in the Night Goble, Paul The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses Turkle, Brinton Do Not Open Howe, James / Wish I Were a Butterfly Turkle, Brinton Obadiah the Bold Keats, Ezra The Snowy Day Turner, Ann Dakota Dugout Lawson, Julie Emma and the Silk Train Van Allsburg, Chris Jumanji Lobel, Arnold The Rose in My Garden Van Allsburg, Chris The Garden of Abdul Gasazi MacDonald, Golden Little Island Van Allsburg, Chris The Sweetest Fig Martin, Bill Knots on a Counting Rope Van Allsburg, Chris The Widow's Broom Martin, Jacqueline Briggs Snowflake Bentley Van Allsburg, Chris The Wreck of the Zephyr McCloskey, Robert Time of Wonder Wisniewski, David Golem Myers, Christopher Black Cat Zion, Gene Harry the Dirty Dog Myers, Tim Basho and the Fox Parnall, Peter Alfalfa Hill Irony Parnall, Peter Apple Tree Parnall, Peter The Great Fish Ada, Alma The Golden Coin Potter, Beatrix The Tale of Peter Rabbit Alexander, Martha Nobody Asked Me if I Wanted a Baby Sister Rylant, Cynthia When I Was Young in the Mountains Allard, Harry It's So Nice to Have a Wolf Around the House Say, Allen The Sign Painter Bios, Joan Old Henry Seuss, Dr. The Cat in the Hat Bradbury, Ray Switch on the Night Shefelman, Janice Victoria House Burningham, John John Patrick Norman McHennessy Steig, William Sylvester and the Magic Pebble Cronin, Doreen Click, Clack, Moo Cows That Type SUGGESTED BOOKS Deedy, Carmen Agra The Yellow Star Piper, Watty The Little Engine That Could DePaola, Tomie The Art Lesson Potter, Beatrix The Tale of Peter Rabbit Duvoisin, Roger Petunia Seuss, Dr. How the Grinch Stole Christmas Ets, Marie Play with Me Parallel Story Flack, Marjorie Angus and the Cat Friedman, Ina How My Parent's Learned to Eat Henkes, Kevin Chrysanthemum Grifalconi, Ann The Village of Round and Square Houses Henkes, Kevin Julius the Baby of the World Macauley, David Black and White Hoban, Russell Trouble on Thunder Mountain McCloskey, Robert Blueberries for Sal Howe, James / Wish I Were a Butterfly McLeod, Emile The Bear's Bicycle Hutchins, Pat Rosie's Walk Miles, Miska Hoagie's Rifle-Gun Hutchins, Pat The Very Worst Monster Raskin, Ellen Nothing Ever Happens on My Block Johnson, D.B. Henry Hikes to Fitchburg Sanfield, Steve Bit by Bit Kasza, Keiko The Wolfs Kitchen Stew Say, Allen Grandfather's Journey Kraus, Robert Milton the Early Riser Peters, Lisa The Sun, The Wind and the Rain Leaf, Munro The Story of Ferdinand Lionni, Leo Frederick Parody Low, Joseph Mice Twice McPhail, David Fix-It Arnold, Tedd Ollie Forgot Meddaugh, Susan Hog-Eye Briggs, Raymond Jim and the Beanstalk Myers, Tim Basho and the Fox Cole, Babette Prince Cinders Parnall, Peter The Mountain Kellogg, Steven Chicken Little Perrault, Charles Cinderella Scieszka, Jon The True Story of the Three Little Pigs Potter, Beatrix The Tale of Peter Rabbit Stern, Robert The House That Bob Built Say, Allen Grandfather's Journey Tolhurst, Marilyn Somebody and the Three Blairs Scieszka, Jon The Frog Prince Continued Turkle, Brinton Do Not Open Sierra, Judy The Gift of the Crocodile: A Cinderella Story Slobodkina, Esphyr Caps for Sale Personification Steig, William Doctor De Soto Steig, William The Amazing Bone Bunting, Eve Ghost's Hour Steptoe, John Stevie Burton, Virginia The Little House Thurber, James Many Moons Ets, Marie Gilberto and the Wind Titherington, Jeanne A Place for Ben Goble, Paul Death of the Iron Horse Titus, Eve Anatole McKissack, Patricia Flossie and the Fox Van Allsburg, Chris The Sweetest Fig Steig, William Sylvester and the Magic Pebble Wisniewski, David Golem Willis, Jeanne The Monster Bed Simile Wood, Audrey King Bidgood's in the Bathtub Zion, Gene Harry the Dirty Dog Baker, Jeannie The Hidden Forest Bradbury, Ray Switch on the Night Metaphor Bunting, Eve The Man Who Could Call Down Owls Chaucer, Geoffrey Chanticleer and the Fox Bradbury, Ray Switch on the Night Deedy, Carmen Agra The Yellow Star Fleischman, Paul Rondo in C Fleischman, Sid The Scarebird Goffstein, M.B. A Writer Freschet, Berniece The Web in the Grass MacDonald, Golden Little Island Goble, Paul The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses Martin, Bill Knots on a Counting Rope Goudey, Alice The Day We Saw the Sun Come Up Myers, Christopher Black Cat Lawson, Julie Emma and the Silk Train Parnall, Peter Alfalfa Hill MacDonald, Golden Little Island Paterson, Katherine The Tale of the Mandarin Ducks Martin, Jacqueline Briggs Snowflake Bentley Potter, Beatrix The Tale of Peter Rabbit Myers, Christopher Black Cat Ringgold, Faith Tar Beach Parnall, Peter Alfalfa Hill Tresselt, Alvin Hide and Seek Fog Say, Allen The Bicycle Man Tresselt, Alvin White Snow Bright Snow Stolz, Mary Storm in the Night Turner, Ann Dakota Dugout Tresselt, Alvin Hide and Seek Fog Yolen, Jane Encounter Tresselt, Alvin White Snow Bright Snow Yolen, Jane Owl Moon Turner, Ann Dakota Dugout Turner, Ann Drummer Boy: Marching to the Civil War Onomatopoeia Turner, Ann Nettie's Trip South Warnock, Natalie When Spring Comes Cole, Sheila When the Rain Stops Williams, Jay Everyone Knows What a Dragon Looks Like Hack, Marjorie Angus and the Ducks Wisniewski, David Golem Flack, Marjorie Angus Lost Yolen, Jane Owl Moon Prepared by Vicky Reed, Media Services Manager and Helen Foster James, Media Services Coordinator S<ERV0C<ES San Diego County Office of Education • Media Services • [email protected] and [email protected] SUGGESTED BOOKS Picture Books 1. Elements that may be taught beyond character, setting, plot and change: metaphor, simile, point of view, personification, theme, tone, Plot: Doctor De Soto - William Steig Three Billy Goats Gruff - Janet Stevens Little Tricker the Squirrel Meets Big Double the Bear - Barry Moser Cow That Wouldn't Come Down - Paul Brett Johnson alliteration, and aonomatopoeia, foreshadowing Stellaluna - Janell Cannon The Three Little Wolves and the Big Bad Pig - 2. Professional sources Eugene Trivas Using Picture Books To Teach Literary Devices (Hall) (Oryx Press) Setting: Teaching Story Elements With Favorite Books (Scholastic) Dreamplace - George Ella Lyon The Goodbye Walk - Joanne Ryder Worth a Thousand Words: an Annotated Guide to Picture Books for Older Grab Hands and Run - Frances Temple The Picnic - Ruth Brown Readers by Bette D. Ammon and Gale Sherman. ISBN 1-56308-390-6. Picture Books by Ruth Calhum Staying at Sam's - Jenny Hessell Creating Writers by Vickie Spandel 3. Titles: Aunt Isabel Tells a Good One (Duke) Aunt Isabel Makes Trouble (Duke) (conflict) Two Is a Team (Beim) (beginning, middle, climax, end) Thy Friend, Obadiah (Turkle) Make Mulligan and His Steam Shovel (Burton) The Gang and Mrs. Higgins (Shannon) (setting) Where the Wild Things Are (Sendak) (foreshadowing) Character: Alice in April - Phyllis Reynold Naylor Annabel - Janice Boland Grandma - Alison Dexter I Want to Be - Thylias Moss Julius - Angela Johnston Miss Tizzy - Libba Moore Gray Monster Mama - Liz Rosenberg Nana's Birthday Party - Amy Hest Owen - Kevin Henkes Scooter - Vera B. Williams Tom - Tomie dePaola William's Ninth Life - Minna Jung Lost+ACE- - David McPhail When I was Young in the Mountains - Cynthia Rylant Tone ffeeling, emotion) - Cheyenne Again by Eve Bunting Flashback/time-shift - In my own backyard by Judi Kurjian Irony- The frog prince continued by Jon Scieszka Personification - The Barn by Debbie Atwell The tree that would not die by Ellen Levine Point of View - Barefoot by Pamela Duncan Edwards The true story of the three little pigs by Jon Scieszka Plot- Old Jake's skirts by David Slonim Lost Lake by Allen Say (use to show the development of parallel stories ~ the backpacking trip and the relationship between father and son) Setting - The potato man by Megan McDonald When I was young in the mountains by Lydia, Queen of Palestine - Uri Orlev (Gr. 4-6) Cynthia Rylant Great character development Agnes the Sheep - William TAylor Conflict - Two islands by Ivan Gantschev Annabelle Swift, Kindergartener - Amy Schwartz Henry and Mudge books - Cynthia Rylant Conflict Resolution - The story of Ferdinand by Munro Leaf 2-1.4 RAGGYLUG Often to keep them safe, parents will ask their children to obey a rule. This is a story about what could happen if a child disobeys. Once there was a little furry rabbit. He lived with his mother deep down in a nest under the long grass. His name was Raggylug. His mother's name was Molly Cottontail. Every morning, when Molly Cottontail went out to hunt for food, she said to Raggylug, "Now, Raggylug, lie still and make no noise. No matter what you hear, no matter what you see, don't you move. Remember you are only a baby rabbit and lie low." And Raggylug always said he would. One day, after his mother had gone, he was lying very still in the nest, looking up through the feathery grass. By just cocking his eye, he could see what was going on up in the world. Once a big blue jay perched on a twig above him and scolded someone very loudly. He kept saying, "Thief! thief!" But Raggylug never moved his nose or his paws. He lay still. Once a lady bird took a walk down a blade of grass over his head. She was so top-heavy that pretty soon she tumbled off and fell to the bottom. She had to begin all over again. But Raggylug never moved his nose or his paws. He lay still. 2-1.4 The sun was warm. It was very still. Suddenly, Raggylug heard a little sound far off. It sounded like "Swish, swish" very soft and far away. He listened. It was a queer little sound, low down in the grass, "rustle—rustle—rustle" Raggylug was interested, but he never moved his nose or his paws. He lay still. Then the sound came nearer, "rustle—rustle—rustle" Then it grew fainter. Then it came nearer, in and out, nearer and nearer, like something coming. Whenever Raggylug heard anything coming, he always heard its feet stepping ever so softly. What could it be that came so smoothly—rustle—rustle—without any feet? He forgot his mother's warning. He sat up on his hind paws. The sound stopped then. "Pooh," thought Raggylug, "I'm not a baby rabbit. I am three weeks old. I'll find out what this is." He stuck his head over the top of the nest looked—straight into and the wicked eyes of a great big snake. "Mammy, Mammy!" screamed Raggylug. "Oh, Mammy, Mam—" But he couldn't scream anymore. The big snake had his ear in his mouth and was winding about the soft little body, squeezing Raggylug's life out. He tried to call "Mammy!" again, but he could not breathe. Ah, but Mammy had heard the first cry. Straight over the fields she flew, leaping the stones and hummocks, fast as the wind to save her baby. She wasn't a timid little cottontail rabbit then. She was 2-1.4 a mother whose child was in danger. When she found Raggylug and the big snake, she took one look. Then hop! hop! she went over the snake's back. As she jumped, she struck at the snake with her strong hind claws so that they tore his skin. He hissed with rage, but he did not let go. Hop! hop! she went again. This time she hurt the snake so that he twisted and turned, but he held on to Raggylug. Once more the mother rabbit hopped. Once more she struck and tore the snake's back with her sharp claws. Zzz! How she hurt! The snake dropped Raggy to strike at her. Raggy rolled on to his feet and ran. "Run, Raggylug, run!" said his mother, keeping the snake busy with her jumps. You should have seen Raggylug ran! Just as soon as he was out of the way, his mother came, too. She showed him where to go. When she ran, there was a little white patch that showed under her tail. That was for Raggy to follow. He followed it now. Far, far away she led him, through the long grass to a place where the big snake could not find him. There she made a new nest. And this time, when she told Raggylug to lie low, you'd better believe he minded! 2-1.4 1. Who kept saying, "Thief, thief"? a. Raggylug b. Molly Cottontail c. a blue jay d. a ladybug 2. Who fell off a blade of grass? a. Raggylug b. a snake c. a blue jay d. a ladybug 3. Who made "rustle—rustle" noises? a. Raggylug b. a snake c. a blue jay d. a ladybug 4. Why did Raggylug stop calling for Molly Cottontail? a. He couldn't breathe. b. He called for his Mammy instead. c. He was too scared. d. He saw that she was there already. 5. Why was Raggylug's mother so brave? a. b. c. d. Rabbits aren't afraid of snakes. She didn't know it was a snake. Her child was in danger. She wasn't really brave at all. 2-1.4 6. How did Mammy hurt the snake? a. with her teeth b. with her front claws c. with her front claws in the snake's eyes d. with her back claws on the snake's back 7. Why do they call this kind of rabbit a "cottontail"? a. Its tail is made of cotton. b. The little white patch under the tail looks like cotton. c. It likes to eat cotton. d. It likes to sleep on cotton. 8. Give an example of something human mothers tell their children to keep them safe. What could happen if the children don't listen? 2-1.8 THE BEAR FACTS The following passage gives some facts you may not already know about bears. In some against the places, law to it is * feed bears. Human foods can kill a bear. A human-fed bear lives for only eight years. A f§^* bear in the wild lives for about twelve years. Some bears lose their natural fears of people. These bears can be dangerous. Sometimes they need to be destroyed. For their sake and yours, please do not feed the bears or other wildlife. At the beginning of the summer, a male bear weighs about two hundred and fifty pounds. Females are a little over one hundred pounds. However, they may be twice as big by the fall. Bears, like humans, are "omnivores." That means they will eat both plants and animals. They eat mostly plants. They get most of their protein from insects. Sometimes they eat small animals. Most bears enter a deep sleep starting in late fall. Cubs are born in January. Newborns and mothers remain in their dens until April. Cubs remain with their mothers for a year and a half. 2-1.8 A human should not feed a bear because a. the bear might bite the human's hand. b. the bear might like human food better than its own. c. human food is bad for bears. d. the human might lose his or her natural fear of bears. 2. Another reason humans should not feed bears is a. that it is against the law. b. that the bears could lose their fear of humans. c. that the bears could become dangerous and might have to be killed. d. all of the above. 3. When do bears spend most of their time sleeping? a. summer b. winter c. fall d. spring 4. Why are bears bigger in the fall than in the summer? a. b. c. d. Cubs They They They are born in the fall. eat a lot all summer. eat both plants and animals. sleep all summer. 2-1.8 5. What time of year do cubs leave their mothers? How do you know? 2-1.8 ROBIN The robin is probably the best-known bird in the United States. It can often be seen searching city lawns for insects and earthworms. A robin is about eight to nine inches long. Both the adult male and adult female have orange-red breasts and gray backs. A robin's nest is usually a thick, round- shaped bowl. It is made of mud, twigs, and leaves. It is often lined with soft grass. Nests can be found in any kind of tree or on a building. Four or five greenish-blue eggs make up a "brood." The robin usually has two broods a season. Robins go south during the winter months. When they return from their winter homes, it is a sign of the start of spring. Keep an eye on your lawn or sit in a city park. You will be able to watch the robins as they search for food. 1. Robins are famous for their red a. backs. b. nests. c. breasts. d. beaks. 2-1.8 2. Robins eat a. nuts. b. leaves. c. weeds. d. insects and worms. 3. Robins do not use to build their nests. a. bits of paper b. mud c. twigs d. leaves 4. Robins make their nests softer with a. bits of paper. b. mud. c. grass. d. leaves. 5. In a robin's nest, you might find a. five or six red eggs. b. four or five greenish-blue eggs. c. six or seven gray eggs. d. four or five orange-red eggs. 6. If you see robins in the winter, you probably live in the part of the United States. a. northern b. southern c. eastern d. western 2-1.8 7. Why are many people happy to see the first robin each year? 2-1.8 THE GOLDEN FINGERS This story from a long time ago tells about a king who wants to get some gold from a magic pot. Once upon a time, there was a king who lived at the bottom of a very tall hill. On top of the hill there was a magic pot of gold. It was guarded by two golden fingers. They were big, strong, and mean- j|j looking. :j | One day, the king ran out of gold. He thought it would be a good idea to get some gold from the top of the hill. The king did not want to go himself. He thought it might be dangerous. So the king called his advisors to his throne. ^ "Whom should I send to get the gold at the top of the hill?" he said. The advisors were the smartest men and women in the land. They said, "Send the bravest men." The bravest men in the castle were knights. One by one, the king sent each of the knights in the castle. Each knight rode up the hill. When each of the knights reached the golden fingers, the fingers closed. The knights could not get to the gold. 2-1.8 The king called his advisors again. "The knights failed," he said. "Who should I send now?" The advisors said. "Send the richest men. They know how to get gold." The king decided to send the nobles. They were the richest men in the land. They were not very brave, but when the king ordered them to go, they went. The fingers would not let any of the nobles near the gold either. The only people left in the castle were the pages. They If were training to be knights, f ^ They were still quite young. I The king really, really wanted the gold, so he decided to send the pages. They rode to the top of the hill. When they got to the top of the hill, the golden fingers opened wide for them. They got the pot of gold. They took the gold to the happy king. The king wrote a letter to his children. In it he said, "Remember, if you ever need gold, let your pages do the walking through the yellow fingers." 2-1.8 Ill 1. Why did the king want to send people to the top of the hill? a. to prove they were brave b. to fight the golden fingers c. to get gold d. to make the hill part of his kingdom 2. Why did the king choose to send the knights first? a. b. c. d. 3. were were were were the the the the smartest. bravest. richest. only ones left. Why did the king finally send the pages? a. b. c. d. 4. They They They They They They They They were were were were the the the the smartest. youngest. richest. only ones left. How did the advisors avoid being sent? a. b. c. d. They They They They were were were were the the the the smartest. youngest. richest. only ones left. 2-1.8 5. Why do you think the fingers opened wide for the pages? 2-2.6 WETLAND: MORE THAN JUST A SWAMP Wetlands are very important. What are these areas and what do they do? A wetland is the area between dry land and open water. It is sometimes covered with a shallow layer of water. There are also wetlands that can be dry for part of the year. There are many different kinds of wetlands. Some Kinds of Wetland Swamp: Some wetlands are flooded throughout most of the year. Trees and shrubs still grow there. They are considered swamp. Bottomland: These are the lowlands along streams and rivers. They have both wet and dry periods during the year. Bottomlands often have trees growing on them. Marsh: Marshes are wet areas filled with grasses and rushes. Marshes can be found in freshwater areas. They also are in saltwater areas near the ocean. 2-2.6 1 Wetland Functions: Flood Control: Wetland plants slow down the flow of water from heavy rains. The water is stored in the low-lying areas of wetlands. This prevents the water from flowing into nearby rivers and streams. If it did, they would flood and damage property. ■!. f Storm Buffer: Along our coasts, wetlands take a beating from high winds and waves. They are not damaged. The thick growth of plants makes the force of storms less harmful. It also protects the land from erosion. Water Banks: Wetlands hold water during the wet season. This water seeps through the soil into our underground water supplies. Water Filter: Wetlands help clean waters that carry pollutants. Silt and soil fall to the bottom of the wetlands. Otherwise they would harm life in the water. Wastes are broken down and absorbed by plants. So are many harmful chemicals. Nurseries: Many fish and animals use wetlands as places to bring up their young. They provide an abundant supply of food and shelter for the young. Home Sweet Home: Wetlands are home to many animals. A thriving wetland probably has more life in it than any other kind of habitat. 2-2.6 Wildlife Pantry. Wetlands produce lots of food. Many animals depend on them for food. Many migrating birds stop over in wetlands each spring and fall. They rest and feed before continuing their trip. Some will spend the winter in the wetlands. Recreational Opportunities: Wetlands provide us with places to watch birds and animals. We also fish, boat, and hunt in wetlands. Economics: Fisherman know that the wetlands supply us with crabs and many other types of seafood. 1. What kind of wetland has both wet and dry times of the year? a. swamps b. bottomlands c. freshwater marshes d. saltwater marshes 2. When wetlands store water after heavy rains and keep it from flowing into rivers, this is known as a. a water bank. b. flood control. c. a storm buffer. d. a water filter. 2-2.6 3. When wetlands protect land from erosion and make storms less harmful, they are acting as a. water banks. b. flood control. c. storm buffers. d. water filters. 4. When wetlands hold water during the wet season and it gradually seeps out, they are acting as a. water banks. b. flood control. c. storm buffers. d. water filters. 5. When wetlands help clean water, they are acting as a. water banks. b. flood control. c. storm buffers. d. water filters. 6. When wetlands provide food and shelter for fish and animals to bring up their young, they are acting as a. a water bank. b. flood control. c. a storm buffer. d. a water filter. 2-2.6 7. What do you think is the most important thing wetlands do? Why?
