Ha`apai Development Master Plan 2011/2012

PART II
Report
HA’APAI DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN
By
Sione Tu‘itupou Fotu
Sinaitakala Tu‘itahi
August 2010
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
1.0
1
1.1
1.2
2.0
2.1
I. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
List of Tables and Figures
Appendices
Map of Tonga and Ha’apai
Introduction and Methodology
Introduction
Methodology
Expected Outcomes
2
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
11
15
17
17
19
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
2.4.3.
2.4.4.
2.4.5.
2.4.6.
2.4.7.
2.4.8.
Situation Analysis
Tongan Economy – Current Performance and Future Outlook
Future Developments
Overall Development in Tonga
Socio Economic Development in Ha’apai
Available Facilities/Services and Related Issues/Constraints
Infrastructure
Economic Activities
Social Services
Environment
Sustainability
Institutional and Community Empowerment
Dependency
Future Development
3.0
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
Island Communities’ Comments
Approach to Community Consultation
Community Needs by Sector and Island/Village
Community Needs by Order of District Priority
Issues and Needs of Government Departments in Ha’apai
34
34
38
38
39
4.0
4.1.
4.2.
4.2.1.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
Risk Analysis and Prioritization
Identifying the Needs of the People of Ha’apai
Assessing Risks to Identify Priority Needs
Proposed Risk Assessment
Prioritized Needs
Community Consultations
OICs’ Needs from Consultation
Combined Needs Priorities
42
42
42
44
44
44
47
49
5.0
5.1.
5.2.
Conclusions and SWOT
Infrastructure
Social Services
54
54
54
2
20
21
21
22
25
28
31
31
32
32
33
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
Boost Private Sector Economic Development
Institutional Management Structure
Monitoring & Evaluation
Summary of Investment Needs
54
55
57
57
6.0
Recommendations
59
References
60
3
II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In late 2009, the Ha’apai Development Committee approved for the Ministry of Finance and
National Planning to recruit two local consultants to carry out the Ha’apai Development Master
Plan, which would be implemented for up to 10 years. Under AusAID funding assistance, the
two local consultants were recruited and work commenced in June 2010, by having consultations
with CEOs of Government Ministries and NGOs in Nuku’alofa regarding their development
perspectives for Ha’apai.
The objective of HDMP is “To provide a Master Development Plan to prioritize projects that
can further enhance the development of the Ha’apai Group to improve the living standard of
its people and contributes to the economic growth of the Kingdom”. Similar Development
Master Plans have already been carried out this year in Vava’u and ‘Eua.
During July, the two consultants and one MOFNP officer, travelled to Ha’apai and held
consultations with island communities in the six districts and also Officers-in-Charge of
Government Ministries. Representatives from each island community travelled to the
administrative centers of each district (funded under the project) for the consultations, that is,
Pangai, Lotofoa, Ha’ano, ‘Uiha, Ha’afeva, and Nomuka. The total participants in these
consultations were 187 people. Needs of each island community and OICs were recorded and
prioritized by participants after workshop sessions were conducted during the consultations.
Drafting of the HDMP was carried out in late July and during August. The first part of the
HMDP is the Plan itself and the second part is the Report which is comprised of Chapters 1 – 6,
and four Appendices.
Chapter 1: Introduction, deals with the introductory information regarding Ha’apai –
geographical, economic and social. Furthermore, the methodology used as prescribed under the
TOR, a literature review that covered mainly AusAID’s HAPPI and MORDI’s PLA Report, and
the expected outcomes of this project.
In Chapter 2: Situation Analysis, include a brief of the Tongan economy and the socio economic
development in Tonga. It also covers the current situation and issues in Ha’apai regarding
infrastructure, economic and social issues (education, health and social welfare systems).
Although not included in the TOR, environmental issues are discussed as economic and social
developments will not be effective and sustainable if environmental concerns are no addressed
and taken into account in the formulating of a plan. Future developments are also discussed
briefly which will be based on the investment decisions in the plan.
The island communities’ comments are discussed under Chapter 3, including the approach used
in community consultations, their needs by sector and by village. Furthermore, issues and needs
of OICs of Ministries and one need that was consistently expressed by OICs and island
communities is for an intra island ferry for Ha’apai to assist Ministries in performing their
normal functions to the people and also for affordable and safe travel by sea.
A prioritization of needs, using risk assessment techniques, is carried out in Chapter 4. This
method first established a framework (see Tables 12 and 13) for assessing risks that would cause
constraints to economic and social developments in Ha’apai. It uses threat (external factors),
4
vulnerability (internal factors), and consequence (impact due to the function of threat and
vulnerability). The needs of island communities and OICs are subjected to risk scoring
calculations and the higher the risk score the higher the constraint to economic and social
developments (see Table 14), and these constraints must be addressed first. A total of 57 island
community needs and 33 OIC needs were recorded and scored, with 51 and 31 needs
respectively, did pass the threshold score of 45 (that is,50% of 90 the total score).
Furthermore, Table 17 in Chapter 4 could be organized into 16 major projects for investment by
GoT or any aid donor. Many of these require feasibility studies and proper costing, which are
necessary as there are many issues and island communities within a needs/project in these major
projects.
Chapter 5 is the conclusions chapter with a SWOT analysis to determine the strategic
importance of any intervention proposed in this study.
Chapter 6 contains the recommendation for approval of the HDC.
5
III. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is the Consultant’s honor in expressing our sincere gratitude to the: Chairman of the Ha’apai
Development Committee, the Hon. Dr. Viliami Tangi, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of
Health; Members of the Committee; Hon. Afualo Matoto, Minister of Finance and National
Planning and his staff, for providing direction and assistance during this consultancy. Our thanks
is also extended to the CEO of MOFNP, Mr. ‘Aisake Ake, his Deputy Ms. Tufui Faletau, and
staff Ms Ma’ata Mafi and Ms ‘Ana Ika, the Sub-treasurer at Ha’apai, Mr Samuela Fakatou, Ms
Salote Finau and staff, Furthermore, Mr Fehi Molisi and his assistant for taking us safely, in a
professional manner, from island to island in their boat.
AusAID is specifically acknowledged here for their funding assistance regarding costs of this
consultancy, for without their help, it would be difficult for the vision of the HDC to be
implemented through this consultancy.
Special thanks are extended to 204 participants that set aside their busy schedules and see us
during the consultations part, that is, CEOs and officers of 15 Ministries and 11 NGOs in
Nuku’alofa; 14 OICs of Ministries and 164 participants from the six districts of Ha’apai. Our
highest appreciation goes to the participants from Ha’ano, ‘Uiha, Lulunga, and ‘Otumu’omu’a
for their commitment and courage by traveling in open seas from their islands, in small boats
with outboard motors, usually over 10 kilometers away from the district centers, where the
consultations were held, Without their input, the completion of the consultations process would
have been compromised and this report would not have been possible.
6
IV. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS
AusAID – Australian Aid Agency for Development
ADB – Asian Development Bank
CBOs – Community Based Organisations
CSOs – Civil Society Organisations
DOs – District Officers
DVD - Video Player and Disk
EU – European Union
EXIM – China Import Export Bank
GEF - Global Environment Facility
GEC – Global Economic Crisis
GGP - Grant Assistance to Grassroots Project (Japan)
GoH – Governor of Ha’apai
GoT – Government of Tonga
HAPPI – Ha’apai Action, Participation and Planning Intiative
HHS – Ha’apai High School
MDGs – Millenium Development Goals
MEWAC – Ministry of Education, Women Affairs and Culture
MOFNP – Ministry of Finance and National Planning
MORDI – Mainstreaming of Rural Development Innovation
MOTEYS – Ministry of Training, Employment and Youth Services
NGOs – Non Government Organisations
NZAID – New Zealand Aid Agency for Development
OIC – Officer in Charge
PLA – Participatory Learning Assessment
Q & A – Questions and Answers
UNDP – United Nations Development Programme
TCC – Tonga Communications Corporation
TOs – Town Officers
DOs – District Officers
TSDC – Tonga Community Development Scheme (AusAID)
TVET – Technical and Vocational Education and Training
7
V. LIST OF TABLES and FIGURES
Tables
Table 1A: Detailed population Distribution of the Ha’apai Region – Census 2006
11
Table 1B: Average Annual Total Income per household by Main Source and
Island Division
13
Table 1C: Total Annual Income per capita by Main Source and by Island Division
14
Table 1: Selected Economic Indicators 2004/05 – 2011/12
19
Table 2: Assessment of MDGs Tracking in Toga – 2010
20
Table 3: Hard Infrstructure in Ha’apai – 2000 and 2010
23
Table 4: Grant Allocation to Ha’apai by Project Types: 200607 – 2010/11
24
Table 5: Economic Services & Activities – 2000 and 2010
26
Table 6: Social Services Available in Ha’apai – 2000 and 2010
28
Table 7: Place of Residence & Lifetime Migration in 2006
32
34
Table 8: Districts consulted during the field visit to Ha’apai – 13th to 21st July 2010
Table 9: Community Needs by Sector and Island/Village
35
Table 10: Community Needs by order of District Priority
38
Table 11: Government Departments’ OIC Issues & Needs in Ha’apai
40
Table 12: Summary of Defining Risk (risk = threat x vulnerability x consequences) Eco. 43
Table 13: Summary of Defining Risk (risk = threat x vulnerability x consequences) Soc. 43
Table 14: Sum of Economic and Social Risk Scores of Communities/Districts
43
Table 15: OICs Sum of Economic & Social Needs
47
Table 16: Needs Level Group, Estimated Costs and Implementation
49
Figures
Figure 1: Map of Tonga & Ha’apai
Figure 2: Institutional Structure
10
56
8
VI. APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Terms of Reference for the HDMP
Appendix 2: Selected MDGs, Community Consultation Questionnaire &
Summary Tables of Communities’ Comments
Appendix 3: Risk Assessment
Appendix 4: List of People Consulted
9
61
65
72
82
Figure 1: MAP
P (Tonga & Ha’’apai)
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION and METHODOLOGY
1.
Introduction
The Ha’apai Group is made up of 60 coral islands, 17 are inhabited by 29 communities, and
many are surrounded by reefs. Most of the islands appear low, flat-topped with dense wood in
the central part and white sandy beaches encircling them. The exceptions are Lofanga, Fotuha’a,
Mo’unga’one and Tofua which are higher islands with cliffy coastlines, and with little or no
fringing reefs.
Ha’apai is located in the central region of the Kingdom, with Tongatapu about 170 kilometers to
the south and Vava’u 130 kilometers to the north. Its administrative capital is Pangai in the main
island of Lifuka. The GoH who resides in Pangai, is a Cabinet ranked position, presides over the
general administration of the group.
A population of 7,570, which is approximately 7% of the total population of Tonga, was recorded
in the national 2006 Census and a population density of 68.3 per square kilometer. Ha’apai is
divided into six administrative districts (Pangai, Foa, Ha’ano, ‘Uiha, Lulunga and ‘Otumu’omu’a)
with six District Officers, and Town Officers for each village/town, elected by popular vote every
three years. In the last six years, a woman was elected as Town Officer in different islands.
Table 1A gives a detailed distribution of Ha’apai’s population by its six major districts and
villages. There is an obvious out migration up to 2006 and is expected to continue if there is no
serious effort mounted to address the social and economic problems faced by the Ha’apai people.
The rate of migration was particularly high at the Ha’ano district, followed by Lulunga and
Nomuka districts.
Table 1A: Detailed Population Distribution of Ha'apai Region – 2006 Census
2006 Population
1996 Population
Island
Census
Census
Difference
Division/Administrativ
e District & Village
Total
households
Total
persons
Total
household
Total
persons
Total
households
Total
persons
HA’APAI
1377
7570
1469
8183
- 6.3%
-7.5%
PANGAI
Pangai
Hihifo
Holopeka
Koulo
534
267
187
34
46
2967
1445
1078
193
251
501
249
176
38
38
2966
1475
1040
193
258
6.6%
0.03%
FOA
Fangale’ounga
Fotua
Lotofoa
Faleloa
Ha’afakahenga
252
26
46
72
71
20
1479
185
300
397
401
115
244
33
44
70
68
14
1434
208
230
434
395
100
3.3%
3.1%
11
2006 Population
Census
1996 Population
Census
Difference
Total
households
Total
persons
Total
household
Total
persons
Total
households
Total
persons
Ha’ateiho Si’i
17
81
15
67
LULUNGA
Ha’afeva
Tungua
Fotuha’a
‘O’ua
Matuku
Kotu
196
49
42
27
26
19
33
1075
262
231
132
149
116
185
238
67
53
21
30
25
42
1282
313
282
138
178
149
222
-16.1%
-17.6%
MU’OMU’A
Nomuka
Mango
Fonoifua
Nomukeiki
127
101
12
14
-
630
474
68
88
-
150
118
15
17
-
735
550
81
104
-
-14.3%
-15.3%
HA’ANO
Fakakai
Pukotala
Ha’ano
Muitoa
Mo’unga’one
120
36
19
32
10
23
619
215
82
135
51
136
388
44
23
34
17
34
773
227
104
162
95
185
- 69%
-20%
-19.6%
-15.6%
Island
Division/Administrativ
e District & Village
‘UIHA
148
800
184
948
‘Uiha
80
445
102
547
Felemea
33
193
42
210
Lofanga
35
162
38
186
Tofua
2
5
Source: Population Census Report 2006 – Statistics Department
Sea transportation is critical for the social and economic activities in the group as the islands are
scattered and distances travelled between them can be as much as 80 kilometers, such as from
Nomuka to Pangai. The fringing reefs contain great varieties of fish and mollusks, such as seacucumber, which are harvested and sold commercially in Tongatapu or exported overseas,
provided a motor boat is available, bringing in to the island communities much needed income.
The high cost of fuel and very little income flowing into the island communities created
constraints to the improvement of basic social services, such as electricity and water.
Its economy is dominated by overseas aid (Australia being the major donor), salaries of GoT
employees, weaving mats and selling of processed dry pandanus leaves by women, and fishery
products by men. The economy is small and tourism/service industries (such as a new 3-star
hotel of 20 – 30 people, scuba diving, whale watching, packaged tours, white sandy beaches etc)
12
has the potential to be the major revenue earner for the group, if properly developed. For
example, there are unique historical sites, such as the Palace Tau’akipulu in Pangai, Velata Fort
in Hihifo, Mala’e Lahi Tombs in ‘Uiha, Tu’i Tonga Tu’itatui’s Tomb in Felemea, and lunches
accompanied by a floorshow provided in adjacent islands with white sandy beaches that could be
developed for packaged tours. These islands are less than one hour steaming by boat, in sheltered
seas, from one island to the other.
The latest available data on Income Household Survey is the 2001Survey. This is considered out
of date and the consultants are aware that a survey was conducted in 2006, although the data
were not made available. However, the data for 2001 survey as recorded below in Table 1B gives
the income for the Ha’apai group as well as the other island groups in Tonga. The average
income per household in Ha’apai in 2001 was $16,469 – of which 53% was cash income ($8753)
and 47% was non-cash ($7716). This clearly indicates that subsistence economy still strongly
persist in Ha’apai more than any island group.
Table 1B: Average Annual Total Income per Household by Main Source and Island Division
Main source of Income
Cash Income
Tongan Currency (T$)
Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai
'Eua
Niuas
12,871
14,421
11,267
8,753
9,063
8,177
Wages and salaries
4,576
5,768
3,020
1,510
2,264
1,345
Remittances from overseas
2,542
3,121
1,490
1,254
1,820
1,358
Sales of own produce
2,066
1,452
3,506
2,762
2,978
2,954
Bank loan
1,189
1,410
960
567
663
578
Other cash sources
2,498
2,670
2,291
2,660
1,338
1,942
Non-cash Income
5,734
5,684
5,122
7,716
5,842
4,324
Consumption of own produce
2,614
2,200
2,719
5,181
3,390
1,752
Imputed rent
2,469
2,720
2,168
1,763
2,187
1,282
651
764
235
772
265
1,290
Other non-cash sources
TOTAL Income (cash and non-cash) 18,605
20,105 16,389 16,469 14,905 12,501
Source: Household and Income Expenditure Report 2001, Statistics Department
In the same survey, total annual income per capita for the Ha’apai Region was $3416 – about 53%
was in cash form and 47% was non-cash – refer Table 1C. This may be one of the factors that
contribute to the high outmigration in the Ha’apai Region as recorded in the 2006 Population
Census as indicated in Table 7.
The data on average household income as well as per capital clear implies the need to improve
sources of cash income for the Ha’apai region.
13
Table 1C: Total annual Income per capita by Main Source, and by Island Division (T$)
Main source of Income
Total Tongatapu Vava'u Ha'apai
Cash Income
2,335
2,597
1,913
Wages & salaries
830
1,039
513
313
423
297
Remittances from overseas
461
562
253
260
340
299
Sales of own produce
375
261
595
573
556
651
Bank loan
216
254
163
118
124
127
Other cash sources
453
481
389
551
249
428
1,040
1,024
870
1,600 1,091
953
Consumption of own produce
474
396
462
1,075
633
386
Imputed rent
448
490
368
366
408
283
Other non-cash sources
118
138
40
159
50
284
Non-cash Income
TOTAL income (cash and non-cash) 3,376
3,621 2,783
'Eua Niuas
1,815 1,692 1,802
3,416 2,783 2,755
Source: Household Income and Expenditure Report 2001, Statistics Department
Major household expenditure in Ha’apai is mainly on food (52%) and to a lesser extends on
transport and housing.
Unemployment, especially youths, is high and naturally they would like to move out from the
islands that they grew up in, to search for employment opportunities and better education in
urban centers, such as Nuku’alofa. The 2006 Population Census recorded a total out-migration of
7% from Ha’apai when the 1996 and 2006 population figures are compared. The migration data
are: Pangai had 0, Foa with 3.1%, Lulunga was -16.1%, Mu’omu’a -14.3%, Ha’ano -19.9%, and
for ‘Uiha -15.6%. In the long term, the out-migration could be a good thing as it could prevent
the over-population of the small islands which would create worsening social and economic
problems, such as unemployment. Furthermore, they would also access better social services and
more economic opportunities in Nuku’alofa. On the other hand, they could contribute to the
overcrowding and unemployment at Nuku’alofa. It is a choice between two evils that decision
makers would have to carefully consider, either, you deal with the aforementioned problems in
Nuku’alofa where logistics would cost less than you would have in the islands, or, you have to
deal with it in the islands themselves incurring more costs in logistic and the ever manacing sea
level rise. There are no easy answers, but decisions must be made either way.
Infrastructure development has been provided mostly by AusAID, such as the Taufa’ahau Wharf,
Ha’apai Market, Electrification Projects and the Ha’ano jetty. Furthermore, a national marine
infrastructure project in 1989 that established about 15 light towers and solar-powered analogue
navigation lights in open sea lanes for shipping through Ha’apai and also beaconing of navigable
channels into each inhabited low island in Ha’apai. China funded and constructed the Ha’apai
High School campus. Japan, New Zealand, UNDP and the US Peace Corps funded small grant
scheme projects. Tonga Trust is involved in community projects, particularly in good governance,
with a pilot project running at Hihfo. ADB funded the construction of the Pulotu Wharf at
Ha’afeva. Telecommunication towers and repeater towers for fixed line phones and mobile
phones have been provided by TCC which covered most of the islands except ‘Otumu’omu’a.
Solar powered lights have been provided by GEF and other donors.
14
The islands of Ha’apai are low and are highly susceptible to the effects of climate change and sea
level rise than any other region in the Kingdom. It is very important to take into consideration
environmental impacts in the planning of development in Ha’apai. The Ministry of Climate
Change and Environment is preparing now a project to simulate the effects of sea level rise in
low lying islands of the Kingdom. In the event that an island is significantly submerged in sea
water within, say 50 years, then development of that island should be considered again and/or
activities terminated. A person could see marks of beach erosion from boats travelling a few
hundred meters offshore, particularly in Lifuka, Uoleva and adjacent low lying islands. Beach
erosion is very serious in Lifuka, from Koulo village in the north to Hihifo town in the south. In
fact, the Ministry of Health is planning to relocate Niu’ui Hospital to a location further inland
due to beach erosion, which has extended in some places to over 10 meters inland from the
normal high tide mark.
As a result of the slow development of its economy and basic social services, the HDC
commissioned this project, the Ha’apai Development Master Plan, to investigate the social and
economic problems experienced and needs of the people of Ha’apai (through community and
Government agencies consultations), identify risks and opportunities, and provide clear strategies
to address them. Furthermore, it is envisaged that priority areas will be identified and also
appropriate investments recommended. These investments will be linked to the overall national
strategic planning framework and sector strategic plans.
This study’s objective is “To provide a Master Development Plan to prioritize projects that can
further enhance the development of the Ha’apai Group to improve the living standard of its
people and contributes to the economic growth of the Kingdom”.
Consultations were carried out with 15 GoT Ministries/Departments, eleven (11) NGOs, one (1)
Bank and four (4) private organizations in Nuku’alofa, and 179 people from the six districts of
Ha’apai (57 women and 122 men, including 13 OICs of GoT Ministries/Departments). The
consultations in Ha’apai were carried out from 12 – 21 of July 2010, in two stages: firstly, the
Team (two consultants and one MOFNP official) explained the purpose of the project followed
by a Q & A session that lasted for about one hour; secondly, a workshop for about two hours,
including a general discussion of their problems and related needs, and then a resolution on their
needs and priorities (see tables in Appendix 2).
1.1.
Methodology
Under the TOR of this study (see Appendix 1 for full text), the following four key tasks and
methodology was required and they are discussed below.
1.1.1 Take stock of the existing state of Ha’apai’s development, including social, educational,
health and economic data and an assessment of current infrastructure.
The following stock taking was obtained through literature review based on existing reports
(GoT, CSOs and donors) on Ha’apai’s development which are reflected in the problems and
needs identified in the consultations, that was conducted under this project, with GoT CEOs in
Nuku’alofa, OICs in Pangai, CSOs and island communities. Furthermore assessments and stock
15
taking of the infrastructure, social, health, educational and economic data are carried out in
Chapter 2.
Two publications appropriate to this project will be reviewed – the Ha’apai Action, Participation
& Planning Initiative (HAPPI) Project Document, October 2008, by AusAID, and the
Participatory, Learning and Assessment (PLA) Report, Lulunga District, December 2007, by
MORDI.
HAPPI
Its goal was “to strengthen communities, civil society groups and organizations and government
to work in partnership to identify, prioritize and address their own development needs.”
The stated outcomes of the study were, a:
• functioning government systems and committees at each level (region, district and
town/village) that are consultative and responsive to the needs of the communities
• greater partnership and cooperation between government and civil society; and between
civil society groups and communities
• more self-reliance in the region to address development needs, which will also enable
donors and government to respond to well identified needs and gaps.
There were eight outputs designed that contributed to the achievement of the above stated goal.
Each output represents a critical stage in the process of developing, implementing, monitoring
and reviewing annual village/town and districts plans. The process was planned to run in a one
year cycle. At the end of each year towns and districts would review and revise their rolling three
year plans and update their annual plan for the subsequent year. The outputs are:
• Systems and processes necessary to support program implementation are established and
streamlined with existing good governance activities in Ha’apai
• Capacity Building facility established
• Situational Analysis conducted in all villages, towns and districts
• Village/Town and District Three-Year Rolling Development Plans developed
• Appraisal and Approval of financial and technical support as incentive to Plan
implementation
• Implementation and Monitoring of annual rolling plans
• Review and Revision of Plans for following year
• Continuous Improvement through Program Monitoring, Reporting and Review
The HAPPI study emphasized community participation and decision making to be keys to the
development of Ha’apai, which is similar to this project’s goals, although it was designed for
small grant scheme projects and activities
PLA Report
Its stated objectives were to:
• Strengthen the institutional capacity of target communities, particularly those involving
youth and women, as well as community institutions;
• Increase employment and sustainable livelihood opportunities, especially for youth and
16
women;
• Document and share learning experiences from best practices and innovations;
• Establish sustainable processes that enable remote rural communities to link with policy
and planning processes.
The purpose of this report was to be used by MORDI as a basis of its assistance to target
communities as well as seeking cooperation from GoT, donors, businesses and NGOs, and
assistance in the implementation of their development activities. The data used for the write up
of this report were original works done by individual communities, within target communities of
MORDI in Tonga. The content of the report outlines the process of how each group, from each
community, came up with its development plan at the end of the PLA workshop process. The
Report stressed that designing of a Community Development Plan must be based on the views
within that community.
The PLA document focused particularly on the importance of community participation in
designing its development plan and this is in line with the goal of this project.
1.1.2 Assist GoT and the Ha’apai community to determine the development priorities by
ensuring wide stakeholder participation in both the planning process and delivery of agreed
outcomes. Also assess the constraints on Ha’apai’s development and feasibility of addressing
those constraints.
Consultations were carried out with GoT CEOs in Nuku’alofa and OICs in Pangai, NGOs and
island communities in the six district centers of Ha’apai. Prioritizations of developments are fully
discussed in the workshops resolutions in Appendix 2.
1.1.3 Assist GoT in linking regional priorities and plans for the Ha’apai region to the overall
national strategic planning framework.
This is discussed in detail in Chapter 5.
1.1.4 Advise on how the needs of Ha’apai can be best actioned by GoT (separate projects
leverage off existing programs e.g. Health, TVET, Transport, Education)
1.2
Expected Outcomes
The expected outcomes are to identify the constraints on the economic and social development in
the Ha’apai Group and also prioritize specific areas for investments in order to alleviate them.
This is presented in a formal Plan document in Part 1.
Domestically financed public expenditure needs to be treated strategically. Capital expenditure
needs to be limited by the ability to meet recurrent costs, but often it is not, leading to
unsustainable situations (e.g. schools without teachers). Wage and non-wage recurrent costs need
to be kept in balance (at the extreme, imbalance implies teachers but no books, etc.).
GoT has already in place a policy of decentralization/devolution, which implies that regional and
district levels have roles in the design and delivery of public programs. The activities of other
17
players in a sector (i.e. the private sector, NGOs, CBOs) are also very important and partnership
with the public sector would add value to the design and implementation of a program. Increased
private sector activity and contracting out implies different, possibly more demanding, public
functions (information, regulation, contract management).
18
CHAPTER 2: SITUATION ANALYSIS
2.1. Tongan Economy – current performance and future outlook.
The Tongan economy is a small consumption-oriented economy, largely depending on
remittances from overseas relatives and friends as well as foreign aid (that provide income to
government and individuals) and highly vulnerable to global economic shocks and crisis. The
Tongan economy is also vulnerable to chronic natural disasters such as cyclones that damaged
investment in key economic activities such as agriculture, tourism and fishing. Earthquake (and
occasionally tsunami) has become more frequent and intense in the last ten years. In addition,
these are also associated with wider economic management issues that influence the economic
growth of Tonga. For instance, Tonga’s debt is currently on a high gear side and is quite a
concern because it would have adverse impacts on economic development of the country
including the outer islands regions.
The combination of the above factors resulted in an economy that does not thrive, with urgent
need to improve from the current mediocrity, as depicted by Table 1 below.
Table 1: Selected Economic Indicators 2005/06 – 2009/10
Economic
Indicator
05/06
06/07
07/08
08/009
09/10
GDP growth
-1.2%
1.9
CPI
6.4%
Export fob (OET
basis
$32.6m
Import fob (OET
basis)
$235.6m
Mechandise trade
balance
-$203m
- 1.4%
2.0%
-0.4%
5.7%
12.2%
1.2%
$26.7m
$16.1m
$15.1m
Na
$217.5m $262.5m $271.3
Na
-190.8m
$246.4m $256.2m Na
Remittance
$205.2m
$186.8m $199.2m $175.2m Na
Government
Revenue
$148.2m
$148.3m $162.2m $155.5m Na
Government
of
Tonga Debt
….
$191.4m $182.9m $224.9m Na
Source: Ministry of Finance & National Planning Budget Statement 2010/10, National Reserve
Bank of Tonga Annual Reports – 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009.
Since 2008, the Global Economic Crisis (GEC) has consistently affected the level of income of
relatives and friends overseas and in turn also adversely impacting remittances to Tonga.
Remittances declined by 18% in 2009/10. Tourist arrivals and receipts also declined by 13.9%
and 14.8% respectively. The export sector has not improved and government revenue collection,
which primarily depends on level of economic activities also declined by 22% in 2009/10.
19
The Ministry of Finance and National Planning forecast a modest growth of 1.4% to 1.5% in the
few years to come which demonstrate the high exposure of the Tongan economy to external
shocks – particularly, the US, Australia and New Zealand.
Overseas donors such as AusAID, NZAID, EU, ADB and credit facility from the China Import
Export Bank (EXIM) are expected to contribute to investment in areas such as energy,
environment, infrastructure, health and education, the sustainability and catalytic role of these
investments would only be fully realized by strong parallel growth in productive sectors such as
agriculture, tourism and fishing.
2.2. Overall Development in Tonga
Tonga’s economic growth should have some impact on the quality of life (economic, social and
environmental aspects) of its people.
According to ADB study in Tonga in 2004, there is no extreme poverty in Tonga, and the general
consensus is that hardship best describes the situation in Tonga, since everyone in Tonga has
access to food but face hardship due to limited opportunities to market, education and such basic
services.
According to the Human Development Report 2009, Tonga’s Human Development Index (HDI)
ranked 90th with a life expectancy of 71.1 years, literacy rate of 99.2%, combined gross
enrolment ratio of 78 and GDP per capita of US$3,748 (purchasing power parity). Tonga’s HDI
ranks below Samoa but above Fiji and other Pacific islands.
The overall quality of life in Tonga is best reflected in the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) and their levels of achievement – refer (Table 2 ).
Tonga still faces a lot of challenges, particularly with poverty in basic needs in the outer islands
including Ha’apai and this is reflected in their problems and needs discussed in the communities.
Achieving the better quality of life as per MDGs, needs both capital investment and human
resource in terms of good governance – particularly leadership and rule of law, effective strategic
planning and commitment at all levels.
Table 2: Assessment of MDGS Tracking in Tonga – 2010
MDG
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme
poverty & hunger.
Goal 2: Achieve Universal
Primary Education
Assessment
Tonga is not on track in reducing
basic-needs poverty.
Achieved universal education through
free
and
compulsory
primary
education from 6 to 14 years old, but
other challenges still remain in
education sector.
Goals 3: Promote Gender Overall, Tonga is not on track to
equality and empower women reaching MDG3.
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality On track but can improve further with
20
Remarks
Basic need poverty is
an issue at Ha’apai.
There are challenges in
Ha’apai – shortage of
teachers & resources
Refer to Ha’apai needs
MDG
Assessment
investments.
Remarks
in later parts of this
report.
Goal 5: Improve Maternal
Health
Goal 6:Combat HIV/AIDS,
malaria, TB and NCDs
On track, but off-track on access to
reproductive health.
On track on HIV/AIDS and TB
control but off track for NCDs
control.
Goal
7:
Environmental The National Strategic Planning
sustainability
Framework [2010-2014] grounds the
government’s commitment to
environmental sustainability, but
efforts are needed to capture data
more effectively for a proper
assessment of progress.
Goal 8: Develop a Global There is room for improvement under
Partnership for Development
this goal.
Challenge of coastal
erosion and rising seas
level – Lifuka and
Lulunga.
Development
of
Ha’apai will primarily
depend of overseas
fund.
Source: MOFNP 2010
Refer to Appendix 2, Table 1 on Selected MDGS.
2.3. Socio Economic Development in Ha’apai
The livelihood of the people of Ha’apai relies heavily on weaving (Tongan traditional handicraft),
fishing, remittances (local and overseas) and small scale trade stores. Agriculture is mainly at
subsistence level.
The rate and level of socio-economic development of Ha’apai is driven by a number of
interrelated factors such as population growth, the need to improve living conditions, the need to
improve growth of commercial activities and means of earning a living. As such, various sectors
developed concomitantly, although at different paces and timelines, according to national,
regional and sectoral priorities as well as fund availability.
Tables 3, 5 and 6 reflect available services in Ha’apai. This cross sector analysis provided
herewith, is based on baseline data collected from various sources such as reports from donors,
site visits plus community consultations with the six major districts of the Ha’apai Region.
2.4.
Available Facilities/Services and Related Issues/Constraints
The issues, including stock taking of social and economic infrastructure, and constraints that are
common to all districts of Ha’apai and proposed solutions, identified during the consultation
workshops, are discussed below:
2.4.1. Infrastructure
21
Infrastructure, in this project, means the basic physical and organizational structures needed for
the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to
function. Furthermore, it typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such as
modes of transport, water supply, sewers, electricity, telecommunications, and so forth. In terms
of functionality, infrastructure facilitates the production of goods and services; for example, ships
enable the transport of fishery products from an island to an urban market for selling purposes or
exported overseas. Infrastructure is discussed under two groupings, ‘hard’ and ‘soft’
‘Hard’ infrastructure refers to the large physical networks necessary for the functioning of a
country. They are established for economic and social reasons. ‘Soft’ infrastructure refers to all
the institutions which are required to maintain the economic, health, cultural and social standards
of a country, such as the financial system, the education system, the health care system, the
system of government and law enforcement (body of rules and regulations governing the various
systems), as well as emergency services.
The following are ‘hard’ infrastructure: transportation (roads, causeways, lighthouses and sea
ports, airports including air navigation systems); energy (electrical power network, petroleum or
natural gas pipelines); water management (drinking water supply, sewage and disposal, drainage
systems); communications (postal service, telephone, mobile phone, TV, cable TV, internet, other
ICTs); waste management (garbage collection, solid waste landfills and incinerators, hazardous
waste disposal facilities, materials recovery facilities), earth monitoring and measurement
networks (meteorological, tidal, seismometer monitoring, geodetic benchmarks, Global
Positioning System) .
‘Soft’ infrastructure includes: institutional (financial system, government and law enforcement,
emergency services such as police, fire services, ambulances etc); industrial (manufacturing,
agriculture, forestry, fisheries and food security); social including health (healthcare including
hospitals, public health and their financing), and education (educational and research system,
including elementary, secondary and tertiary schools or specialized colleges), and social welfare
or protection systems (including both public and private charity for the poor, for people in
distress or victims of abuse); cultural, sports and recreational: culture (concert halls, libraries,
studios and specialized training facilities); sport (sport facilities and system of sports
associations); and recreational (business travel and tourism infrastructure, including both manmade and natural attractions, convention centres, hotels, restaurants and other services that cater
mainly to tourists and business travellers, as well as the systems for informing and attracting
tourists, travel insurance, etc).
As discussed under Chapter 1, the expected outcome or purpose of this project is to investigate
and identify the constraints regarding the economic and social development in Ha’apai,
prioritizing them for GoT intervention, through investments, in order to provide solutions to
address the constraints. Therefore, the discussions below will focus only on the social and
economic aspects of development and related infrastructure.
22
Why Infrastructure Development?
Community organizations and development practitioners should approach the issue of
infrastructure development and the needs of the poor in a similar way as with other needs by
asking questions, such as:
•
•
•
•
•
What are the people’s priority needs?
What infrastructure projects will best address those needs?
What is the environmental impact and how will that affect the community?
Are the services affordable?
Can the infrastructure be sustained and maintained in the long term?
It is recognized world wide that there is positive correlation between infrastructure and economic
development. Furthermore, infrastructure investment is a major driver of productivity rather than
vice versa. The establishment of core infrastructure leads to greatest levels of productivity and
best economic response come from infrastructure efficiency and reduction of service prices.
If infrastructure is established for the right reason and in the right way, it adds value to the
economy of Tonga. This would imply that any existing infrastructure be upgraded and
maintained properly first, before any new infrastructure of similar nature is considered and
approved for implementation.
Table 3 takes stock of physical infrastructure that supported the socio-economic development in
Ha’apai. Spatially, all the six districts of Ha’apai are covered. Temporally, we are using ten years
i.e. from 2000 – 2010 for stock taking of existing state of development in Ha’apai, except the
census – conducted in 2006, and it is done every ten years.
Baseline data are mainly qualitative and where possible, quantitative. There is limitation on the
impact of the social and economic services on the lives of the people of Ha’apai due to lack of
reliable data.
Table 3: Hard Infrastructure in Ha’apai – 2000 and 2010
Infrastructure
Road
Wharf
Causeway
Air Transportation
Sea Transportation
Power
2000
Paved road in Lifuka, Foa,
Nomuka and Ha’ano.
Wharves at Ha’afeva, Ha’ano
and Pangai
2010
Same as 2000, but roads are in bad
condition.
Same as 2000,
At Foa
Same as 2000
Airport at Lifuka, one local Same as 2000
airline
Three ships
Three ships
Diesel power in Lifuka & Foa Diesel power at Lifuka, Foa, Ha’ano,
with some solar in some of the Ha’afeva, Nomuka and ‘Uiha
islands
23
Infrastructure
2000
Telecommunication Only Tonga Telecommunication
Corporation land line in Lifuka
and Foa, and solar powered
telephone connections in the
other district centres.
Water
Need to check
2010
- Land line in Lifuka and Foa
- Mobile phones operated by Digicel
and TCC
- Internet connection at Lifuka &
Foa, Ha’afeva & Nomuka
- Sky TV at district centres
Reticulated water supply at all 6
district
centres,
with
water
catchments in islands
Intra-island transportation in Ha’apai is costly and this was consistently raised throughout the
community consultations. For someone from Mango to come to Nuku’alofa, he/she has to pay
$100 as boat hire from Mango to Nomuka to catch the ferry to Nuku’alofa. Individual
government departments in Lifuka cannot conduct field visits due to costly boat hiring. Fishing
activities are also adversely affected – in terms of transportation of fuel and ice-blocks to the
scattered islands of Ha’apai. Most government departments and communities support the idea of
having an intra-island ferry for Ha’apai.
In Table 4 below, is a summary of infrastructure projects that Government has approved and
committed funds to, including, those already under way (committed project or CP), or, is being
processed for approval (proposed project or PP), or, a new project that is identified in this study
(not a committed or proposed project) to be a priority need (new project or NP), which is
discussed under Chapters 5, 6 and 7. It is evident from Table 4 that there are no major PPs in the
pipeline yet, except possibly the AusAID ongoing project of $500,000 under the TCDS program.
Nevertheless, a number of NPs have not been identified, but are expected to be proposed in
investment plans, which will be discussed in later chapters of this project.
Table 4: Grant Allocation to Ha’apai by Project Types : 2006/07 – 2010/11
Projects
2006/07 07/08
08/09
09/10
10/11
Types Donor
Infrastructure (Foa
3,200,000 CP
GermCauseway)
any
Town Water
238,802 330,550
459,275 164,000
CP
Japan
System/Individual
Water Tank/
Sanitation
Health, Water &
162.000 151,810
500,000
CP
AustrSanitation
alia
Income Generating 86,657
187,993
Education
344,501
169,000
CP
Japan
Vocational
44,576
Training
Environment
7,024
Total =
539,059 1,014,854 459,275 333,000 3,700,000
Source: Ministry of Finance and National Planning, 2010/11 Budget Statement No.3 (Table 3)
and the last two columns added on by the authors
24
In analysing Table 4, there were basically two ‘hard’ infrastructure projects implemented during
the FY 2009/10, both funded by Japan’s GGP program, totalling $333,000. Recently, a contractor
has been engaged for one project, to build two (2) new classrooms, four (4) toilet units, and
fifteen (15) sets of desks for the Government Primary School of Koulo, with an allocation of
$169,000. This project has both economic and social aspects and it should be completed during
the 2010/11 period. Furthermore, another contractor has been engaged to implement the other
project, which is, the upgrading of the water supply at Kotu Island, worth $164,000, and it
should be completed during the 2010/11 period too.
There is ongoing implementation of some of the TCDS outstanding projects in Ha’apai that
includes a health clinic at ‘Uiha, health staff quarters at ‘Uiha and Ha’ano, the supply of fishing
nets for Felemea fishermen, procurement of library books for the GPS Pangai, and the
establishment of a kindergarten in ‘Uiha. The construction of the staff quarters at ‘Uiha and
Ha’ano were delayed as the contractor was bankrupt, but another contractor is being engaged to
complete this project.
Allocations for Japan’s GGP projects for 2010/11 are not yet confirmed for the Ha’apai group.
AusAID has indicated that it would confirm the remaining TCDS funds of approximately
$500,000 to be allocated to water tanks for Ha’apai. The Foa Causeway reconstruction is planned
for the 2010/11 period and is funded under a $3.2 million aid by Germany.
Due to the remoteness and smallness of many of the islands in Ha’apai, it is difficult to provide
basic needs satisfactorily, such as water and electricity. The water lens is usually of high saline
level and water tanks have been provided by aid donors for collecting rain water, but more water
tanks are still needed.
Diesel electric generators have been provided by AusAID to Ha’ano, ‘Uiha, Ha’afeva and
Nomuka but they are normally switched on between six pm and midnight every day due to their
small populations and demand for electricity. Solar powered lights have been provided to Mango,
Lofanga, Kotu and Matuku under aid, but their capacities could not operate heavier loads, such
as refrigerators, which would support the preservation of their fish catches for consumption
purposes and selling in urban centers.
Donor assistance from Australia, Japan and Germany, played a major role in the development of
Ha’apai in the last five years. Other countries and funding institutions, such as ADB and the
World Bank, is anticipated to join the assistance in the next 10 years, especially infrastructure
projects. MOFNP has advised that starting this year, there will be no more dedicated aid donor
for any region, but they will provide aid according to a region’s needs as stated in their master
plans. It is important that aid harmonization and alignment processes be effective and bring the
desired results in the development of Tonga, including Ha’apai, Not only aid played a significant
role in the development of Ha’apai, but credits and loans are equally important, especially in the
next 10 years. Therefore, a practical way has to be found to include creditors in the
harmonization process.
2.4.2. Economic activities
The main economic activities in Ha’apai are fishing, weaving and tourism. Agriculture is
25
predominantly for subsistence and commercial fishing are mainly sold at Tongatapu. Weaving is
a major economic activity for the women of Ha’apai, and major income earner for many families,
but there are no organized market arrangements. The number of tourism activities (guest houses,
resort, cafes, diving) are slowly developing and increasing.
The unreliability of boats calling into isolated island communities and high costs of fuel hampers
the export of mats and fishery products from an island in Ha’apai. Small boats, of up to 15 - 18
feet in length, with 40 – 60 horse power outboard motors are used for sea transportation between
each island. They only take onboard limited number of people and they cannot earn more money
per one trip due to their sizes, and this is not efficient and effective. A much bigger boat would
earn more money per unit cost, that is, per trip.
Table 5 is a result of stock taking of economic activities in Ha’apai between 2000 and 2010.
Table 5: Economic Services and Activities – 2000 and 2010
Sector
2000
2010
Agriculture
MAFFF Office & support services
Yes
Yes
Local Market facility at Pangai
No
Yes
% of household agriculturally active
82.9% 1
Na
Tourism
Tonga Visitors Bureau Office
Yes
Yes
No. of Tourist accommodations
10
No. of Tour Operations
No. of tourist related activities
1
Fishing 2
Fishery Office and support services
Yes
Yes
Fish Market
No
Yes
Fishing Boat Building/Repair
Yes
No
No. of fishing households using boats
616
% of household owned boats
35.4%
…
% of household hired boats
12.8%
…
% of household borrowed boats
51.8%
…
% of fishing household
72.2%
…
Ice-block making machine
Commerce
MLCI Office
Yes
Yes
No. of trade stores
Yes
Yes
No. of restaurants/cafe
1
3
No. of Banks
2
2
No. of Manufacturing activities
103
…
Source: Agricultural Census 2000, Consultations
1
Statistical Abstract 2006, Agricultural Census 2001
do
3
Ha’apai & ‘Eua
2
26
Remarks
Few Chinese
One of the ways to create trade and economic activities in Ha’apai is for GoT to purchase a steel
boat of up to 18 meters in length, with a draught not exceeding 1.5 meters, to make regular calls
into every inhabited island carrying cargoes and passengers. The following benefits are
anticipated to be realized.
• People are more safely transported between islands;
• Regular calls allow for island communities to plan for selling of their fish catches and
mats, and travelling more efficiently;
• GoT staff such as doctors, dentists and policemen can make regular visits to island
communities;
• A mobile banking facility will be established onboard to cater for deposits and withdraws
of money, especially from May to September when the sea cucumber is harvested;
• Payments of GoT staff (DOs, TOs, teachers etc) are more regular and secure
• One refrigerated and one dry TEU containers, drums of benzene, diesel oil and fresh
water in the boat’s tanks, and a ice making machine will be fitted onboard thus decreasing the
costs of operating small stores and fishing activities in the outer islands;
• It will create trade and commerce between islands and between islands and urban centres
which will add value to the economy of Ha’apai and the Kingdom.
Eco-tourism and the service industry are the main bright prospects now and in the foreseeable
future, that can uplift Ha’apai’s economy to a higher level as employment opportunities and
foreign exchange earnings will increase. The creations of demand, such as packaged tours,
discussed in this report, have the potential to succeed and sustainable as they are based on the
natural attributes of Ha’apai.
The Tonga Tourism meeting on 11 June 2010 endorsed the Impediment Response Framework’s
Draft Priority Constraints, although on the national level, but is still applicable to Ha’apai,
recommended nine key constraint areas that are needed to be addressed:
1.
Insufficient Government prioritization of the sector and focus on an integrated ‘whole of
government’, ‘public private’ approach.
2.
Limited institutional capacity and legislative frameworks to support tourism sector
development.
3.
Regulatory barriers to tourism investment.
4.
Inadequate tourism investment planning and promotion.
5.
Poor management of the visitor experience in terms of standards, consistency and quality.
6.
Insufficient human resource capacity to meet current and future needs.
7.
Inadequate and uncoordinated destination marketing.
8.
Inadequate domestic transport infrastructure – marine, roads, air (and high cost of the
latter).
9.
A lack of facilities, systems and resources for sustainable management of environmental
resources.
There are over 10 motels in Ha’apai, mostly small ones of up to about 10 rooms each, and the
biggest which is the Sandy Beach of about 20 rooms. A 20 to 30 room 3-star hotel, with $100 $150 per night price range, is required to be established in Lifuka as the up-market Sandy Beach
in Foa is in the $150 - $300 price range. Senior Civil Servants, diplomats and packaged tour
27
visitors could use this facility as it is located in Lifuka. Employment and the supply of food to
this hotel would create economic activities and multiplier effects to Ha’apai.
In the last couple of years, five Chinese owned and Meliemeilangi stores have opened in Pangai,
creating new commercial activities and employment. A few service stations, owned by locals, are
providing competition on the supply of fuel for vehicles and boats. The Fisheries ice block
making facility is not fully functional, thus, creating problems in the supply of ice blocks to
fishing boats. There are low activities in the local food market as people are turning to diving for
sea cucumber. A single ‘huhuvalu’ sea cucumber is worth about $60.
The TDB and Westpac have branches in Pangai. The Meliemeilangi Company has a Pacific wide
money transfer operation conducted in its store.
2.4.3. Social Services
All the main basic social services such as health, education, and police are available in Ha’apai
and other social services such as Tonga Red Cross, Tonga National Youth Congress and Tonga
Trust have offices at Pangai – refer Table 6 below.
Table 6: Social Services Available in Ha’apai – 2000 and 2010
Sector
Education
Health
care
Police
Services
Sanitation
2000
No.
of No.
of
Primary
Secondary
Schools
Schools
4
(all
church
owned)
2010
No.
Primary
Schools
Remarks
No.
of MEWAC reports
Secondary
Schools
5 (4 church Four High Schools at Lifuka
owned,
1 and one in Nomuka. Ha’apai
government) High School was established in
2001
No.
of No.
of No.
of No.
of
Hospital
Health
Hospital
Health
Clinics
Clinics
A foreshore at Pangai is very
1
1
3
much
needed;
otherwise
relocation of the hospital is
urgently required by the MOH.
No.
of No.
of No.
of No.
of
Police
Police
Police
Police SubStations
SubStations
stations
stations
Police station at Pangai and a
1
1
1
1
sub-station at Nomuka
%
of %
of %
of %
of
household household household
household
with
with
with
with access
sustainable access to sustainable to improved
access to improved
access
to sanitation
28
Sector
2000
improved
water
source
sanitation
2010
improved
water
source
Remarks
98.14%4
na
Waste
No
proper
waste No proper waste disposal
Disposal
disposal and treated and treated sewage
sewage
Social
Tonga Red Cross
Tonga Red Cross, Tonga
Services
Trust, MORDI
st
Source: Tonga 1 National Status Report, MDGs 2005, Community Consultation
The social problems and needs identified from the consultations regarding its three main
components (health, education and social welfare systems) are as follows.
• Health
There are three main ‘hard’ infrastructure needs for Pangai. Firstly, the relocation of Niu’ui
Hospital to a site further inland is MoH’s top priority, if there is no foreshore protection in place
soon. The reason being that the beach erosion in front of the hospital is serious that the sea water
has advanced about 10 meters inland in some places, and it is possible that very soon, some parts
of the hospital will be at the mercy of the sea. Secondly, some medical equipment is needed, such
as, an x-ray machine and more oxygen bottles, to improve the health care of the people. Lastly,
the engine of the MoH boat has been out of action for a number of years. The boat is needed for
health care of island communities in Ha’apai. When the boat’s engine was still in operation,
health staff at Lifuka visited the island communities every month.
The Ha’afeva clinic needs an urgent upgrade as rust has frozen many louvers and medical
equipments, and the whole facility needs a new coat of paint, otherwise, in a few years time it
will be very difficult to upgrade it. Health centres in Ha’ano, ‘Uiha, and Nomuka are barely
furnished and equipped, and they need urgent attention to improve healthcare for the people.
Other small island communities do not have even a medical/first aid kit containing panadol
tablets, band-aids, and so forth. First aid kits should be supplied to every island community with
appropriate training to locals, such as to Red Cross level.
The main ‘soft’ infrastructure issues are: inadequate funds in the Estimates to provide adequate
health care in Ha’apai; insufficient staff for the hospital and clinics
Ha’apai does not have a resident dentist. Island communities have strongly complained of the
lack of health services and visits by doctors, nurses or dentists and they felt that GoT does not
care about them, although they pay taxes.
4
Estimate only based on Population Census 1996
29
Health clinics in Ha’ano, ‘Uiha, and Nomuka are not being utilized to perform health care
services that they were established to provide. Other island communities do not even have
medical kits, containing panadol tablets, band aid and similar simple medicines for their use to
treat minor ailments. It is recognized that training to perform these services is needed but training
of a half dozen people in the community to Red Cross level may be sufficient.
The Director of Health and the Pangai resident doctor have expressed their priority is to relocate
Niu’ui Hospital to a site further inland that does not experience beach erosion, if a foreshore/rock
armour is established soon. It is also a major concern to MoH that their motor boat is not
operational anymore so that they can have their monthly visits to the other island communities.
• Education
The lack of primary and high school teachers is of great concern to all communities at Ha’apai.
During our consultations with OICs in Pangai, the consultants were advised that 16 primary
school teachers are required now for Ha’apai as compared to previous years. Ha’apai High
School would need four to six graduate teachers to bring up its teaching standards to satisfactory
levels. Lack of housing for staff of HHS is getting problematic.
In our consultation in Nuku’alofa with the Director of Education, he was aware of the teacher
problems in Ha’apai but the budget provisions approved could not meet the funding of new
trained teachers. He also informed us that MEWAC is looking into the use of technology, such as
teaching through the internet by way of computers, may address the teacher shortage problems.
The consultants suggested to the Director to consider using DVD players instead of computers as
it would be very difficult to send a technician to remote islands to clean up viruses that have
infected a computer. Whereas, a DVD player is cheaper (about $300 each) and teaching discs for
Classes 1 to 6 could be produced by top teachers in Nuku’alofa and send to each school. Parents
or students can copy them for their private use at home for homework or examination
preparations, or if the teacher is sick. The TO can also stand in and play the teaching discs and
can supervise students if there is only one teacher in the island.
Vocational training at Pangai, such as in the maritime field, hospitality/tourism, welding, deep
sea diving etc., have been requested and strongly supported by island communities. These types
of training would provide them with life skills that are compatible with their lifestyles, and at the
same time they earn income.
MEWAC staff in Ha’apai is concerned that their motor boat is not operational, so that they could
carry out their monthly visits to primary schools in outer islands. This boat should be repaired
and become operational, as soon as possible, or some sea transportation means be available soon.
• Social welfare systems
Both public and private charity for the poor and people in distress or victims of abuse constitute
the social welfare systems. In Tongatapu, formal institutions, such as the Women in Crisis Centre,
the Salvation Army, Life Line and church organizations etc deal with the poor and distressed
victims. The problems associated with these issues in Tongatapu also happen in Ha’apai, and are
increasing in numbers, but only church organizations provided some help to these victims,
30
according to NGOs consulted in Tongatapu. Furthermore, NGOs recommended that social
welfare issues are formally investigated in Ha’apai soon, so that the appropriate actions taken to
address them.
2.4.4. Environment
Although not directly sanctioned under the TOR of this project, environmental preservation and
protection are critical to the success of any economic or social development. Sea level rise and
environmental degradation could be seen in Ha’apai. For example, Niu’ui Hospital is seriously
affected by beach erosion that relocation plans are now being made by MoH, costing a lot of
money. Environmental issues are so intertwined with economic and social developments that an
impact assessment of the environment is a pre-requisite for any economic or social project.
2.4.5. Sustainability
The geographical fragmentation and scattered distribution of the Ha’apai islands is a challenge to
its own socio-economic development. Providing social and economic services and activities as
well as physical infrastructure become expensive to provide and sustain.
As indicated in the tables above, the basic needs of Ha’apai in terms of accessibility to clean
drinking water, accessibility to primary and secondary education (school buildings, transport &
road), and hospital and health clinic are already available. The main problem is sustainability,
quality and consistency of services. This includes but is not limited to managing water system
and replacement of plumbing works, not consistently replacing health kits in the island, shortage
of teachers in the government primary and secondary schools, ice-block machines that are out of
service, broken mortuary freezer, poor road conditions and others.
Another on-going issue that affects sustainable development in Ha’apai are basically food
production and sanitation by roaming pigs. All the six districts of Ha’apai complain of damage
done by pigs to their crops. Although the issue of sanitation was not directly raised, pigs’ littering
in all islands and villages was often raised.
In the island of Ha’ano, the town officer was quite concerned that wild pigs have become life
threatening to both the villagers and dogs. There was a consensus to get rid of the wild pigs first
before any village fence is erected.
There is also a problem with sustainability of physical infrastructure – roads, water system,
wharves, ice-block making machine and causeway. The construction and erection of these
infrastructures were financed by overseas donors and have been run down over the years for lack
of maintenance. Maintenance requires cash from community and government - and this will
remain a challenge until a partnership arrangement is adopted, or a funding mechanism is
identified and implemented successfully otherwise donors may step in to assist or not (due to
donor fatigue). So there is evidently persistent dependency mind-set in socio economic
development, not only in Ha’apai but Tonga as a whole - a challenge in this Master Plan for
Ha’apai
31
The low economic activities in Ha’apai cause other issues such as unemployment and lack of
sustainable development. Limited economic opportunities in Ha’apai are also a push factor that
caused people to migrate out of Ha’apai – refer Table 7. Ha’apai was recorded with the highest
out-migrants in the 2006 Population Census.
Table 7: Place of residence and Interregional lifetime migration in 2006
Division
Total
Tongatapu
Vava’u
72,045
15,505
% of total
population
70.6%
15.2%
InMigrants
13,326
2,132
7,570
7.4%
1,561
Ha’apai
5,260
5.2%
1,914
‘Eua
1,665
1.6%
414
Niuas
Total
101,991
100%
19,347
Source: Statistics Department, Population Census 2006.
OutMigrants
3,984
6,099
Net
Migration
9,342
-3,967
6,147
1,413
1,704
19,347
-4,586
501
-1,290
0
2.4.6. Institutional and Community empowerment
•
Management of Ha’apai Region Development
For many years, there has not been any integrated effort for the development of Ha’apai. In the
mid 1980’s to the early 1990’s a Master Development Plan was developed for Ha’apai Region.
Since then, there has not been any active effort to continue the planning for Ha’apai in an
integrated form, let alone Monitoring and Evaluation exercises to assess the impact of the
projects and lesions learnt. Over the years, development in Ha’apai was mainly driven by
respective government ministries that have offices in Ha’apai and community development
projects funded under AusAID and known as the Ha’apai Development Fund (HDF, Tonga Trust,
Tonga National Youth Congress and lately MORDI).
During the community consultation, the Lifuka community representatives strongly advocated to
have representatives from the people of Ha’apai (who permanently reside in Ha’apai) in the
Ha’apai Development Committee.
Institutional and capacity development at community level is weak – particularly to monitor and
sustain projects that have been established. This further leads on to run down of facilities and
dependence on foreign donors to visit again and re-establish/re-construct such facilities.
2.4.7. Dependency
In the community consultation, all communities look for government and donors to finance their
every need. The participatory approach is pretty strong on identifying needs to be provided but
somehow very weak in self-help. There is a need for stronger administrative structures and
community empowerment in order for development efforts to be able to continue when donors
are no longer present. The issues discussed herein all feed into and assist in the formulation of
strategies for the Ha’apai Development Master Plan.
32
2.4.8. Future Developments
The priority of needs are calculated and ranked under Table 14, for the constraints to economic
and social development, with highest risk score of 90 (Level 1) to the lowest risk score of 45
(Level 7). The investment plan for up to 10 years will be based on the results in Table 14.
Feasibility studies are recommended for separate projects, noted in Table 14, as there are many
groups of needs within a sector, that an estimated of cost now would be meaningless and
misleading. Some of the needs are currently being implemented (marine projects funded under
the World Bank Transport Sector project grant or the Foa causeway under German aid) or
feasibility studies launched soon, for example, the Lifuka foreshore protection that AusAID is
interested on doing.
33
CHAPTER 3: ISLAND COMMUNITIES’ FEEDBACK
3.1. Approach to Community Consultation
The team consulted pre-selected representatives from all the island groups of Ha’apai and
government ministries/departments represented in Ha’apai. Community consultation took place
in all the six districts of Ha’apai viz. Lifuka, Kauvai Foa, Kauvai Ha’ano, Lulunga, Mu’omu’a
and ‘Uiha. Table 8 below gives an indication of the total population consulted by district.
Table 8: Districts consulted during the field visit to Ha’apai – 13th – 21st July 2010
Date and
No.
of No. of Persons by
Time
District
Persons Met island/village
Venue
14/7/10
13 (F)
4 (‘O’ua), 4 (Matuku)
Church
of
Lulunga District
(10:00am) (Ha’afeva,
Matuku, 16 (M)
7 (Ha’afeva), 5 (Tungua), Tonga
Hall,
Tungua,
Fotuha’a,
4 (Kotu)
Ha’afeva
Kotu, ‘O’oua)
Total = 29
5 (Fotuha’a)
15/7/10
9 (F)
13 (Nomuka)
Village
Hall,
Mu’omu’a District
(10:00am) (Nomuka,
Fonoi, 12 (M)
3 (Mango)
Nomuka
Mango)
Total = 21
5 (Fonoi)
16/7/10
7 (F)
(10) ‘Uiha, (5) Lofanga, LDS Hall, ‘Uiha
‘Uiha District
(10:00am) (‘Uiha,
Felemea, 16 (M)
(5) Felemea
Lofanga)
Total = 23
19/7/10
(7) Fakakai, (4) Muitoa, Village
Hall,
Kauvai
Ha’ano 6(F)
(10:00am) District
19 (M)
(5) Ha’ano
Ha’ano
(Ha’ano,
Pukotala,
(6) Pukotala
Fakakai, Muitoa & Total = 25
(4) Mo’unga’one
Mo’unga’one)
20/7/10
6(F)
(10) Lotofoa, (7) Faleloa, Village
Hall,
Kauvai Foa District
(10:0am)
(Lotofoa,
Faleloa, 25 (M)
(5) Ha’afakahenga, (3) Lotofoa
Fotua, Ha’afakahenga,
Ha’ateihosi’I, (4) Fotua,
Ha’ateihos
Si’i, Total = 31
(2) Fangale’ounga
Fangalo’eunga
20/7/10
13 (F)
(13) Pangai
Ha’apai High
Lifuka District
(2:00pm)
24 (M)
(11) Hihifo
School
Hall,
(Pangai,
Hihifo,
(5) Holopeka
Pangai
Holopeka, Koulo)
Total = 37
(8) Koulo
21/7/10
(2)
MEWAC,
(2) do
Heads of Departments 3 (F)
(10:00am)
10 (M)
MAFFF, MLCI, MOH,
MOTEYS,
TVB,
Total = 13
POLICE, GOH, TDS,
MOW, MOT, MOFNP
6
Districts,
27 57 (F)
Total
Villages, 12 Ministries 122 (M)
Total = 179
All district officers, town officers, representatives of women and youths attended the workshops.
34
The group consulted in all districts represented only 2.4% of the total population of Ha’apai
(2006 Census – enumerated Ha’apai population at 7,500). However, the team took into
consideration other factors such as Town Officers and District Officers who all attended,
representatives of women and youth groups in the islands/villages. Furthermore, there have been
recent consultations in 2008 in the Ha’apai Action Participation and Planning (HAPPI) organized
AusAID and Participatory Learning and Assessment by MODI in the Lulunga District in 2007.
The team adopted an uniform approach in all districts whereby the Assistant Economist from the
Ministry of Finance and National Planning introduced the consultants to the community and
gave a brief of the Ha’apai Development Master Plan. The team leader gave further details of the
objectives of the community consultation and clarified issues raised by the participants. The
second consultant facilitated the group discussions (assisted by the team leader and Assistant
Economist) regarding problems and needs of the communities based on a pre-designed,
structured questionnaire (refer Annex 2, Table 2 for consultation questionnaire). At the end of the
group discussions, a combined workshop was facilitated to summarise and prioritise the needs of
the district.
In order to take the strategic approach for the development of Ha’apai, there was consensus to
discuss and raise the social and economic problem in order of priority.
3.2. Community Needs by Sector and Island/Village
Community needs are derived from the problems raised by the village/islands of the six districts.
These needs are sorted out by sector and community as in Table 9 below and Table 3 in
Appendix 2.
Table 9: Community Needs by Sector and Island/Village
Needs
Category
Threatening
Community
A:
Life
Safety
Foreshore
Kotu, Tungua, Lofanga, Felemea, Ha’afakahenga, Hihifo,
Pangai, Holopeka
Treated rubbish dump (for all Hihifo, Pangai
of Lifuka & Foa)
Category B: Productive
Sectors
Agricultural Production
Fotuha’a, Kotu, Matuku, Nomuka, Mango, Lofanga, Felemea,
Village Fence (also a basic Muitoa, Fakakai, Mo’unga’one, Pukotala, Ha’ano, Lotofoa,
need)
Faleloa, Fotua, Hihifo, Pangai, Koulo, Holopeka
Provide vegetable seedlings
Pukotala, Ha’ano, Muitoa, Lotofoa, Koulo
Overseas market for banana & Hihifo
copra
35
Needs
Tractor to help farmers
Farming appliances
Community
Lofanga, Felemea, Fakakai, Ha’afakahenga, Faleloa
Nomuka, Fakakai
Fishing
Ice-block making machine
Fotuha’a, Kotu, Tungua Matuku, Fonoi, Mango, Lofanga,
Felemea, Mo’unga’one, Ha’ano
Patrol boat for fishing zone
‘O’ua
Marketing body for sea- Ha’afeva
cucumber
Beacon
Fotuha’a, Kotu
Women’s Handicraft
Hall for women’s weaving
Market for women’s weaving
Tourism
Guest house
Negligence of tourist site
Cruise ship once a month
Youth
Idleness of talented youths
Category C - Social Services
Education
Improve classroom
Provide
classroom
for
kindergarden
Make available vocational
studies
Establish form 7
Additional teachers
Health & Sanitation
Land Mower
Matuku, Fonoi,
Ha’afeva, Nomuka, Mango, ‘Uiha, Felemea, Lofanga, Lotofoa,
Ha’ateiho Si’i, Ha’afakahenga, Fangale’ounga, Fotua
‘Uiha
Hihifo
Hihifo
Koulo
Lofanga
Felemea
Hihifo
Hihifo, Foa
Matuku, Mango, ‘Uiha, Fakakai, Ha’afakahenga, Fotua, Hihifo
Kotu, Matuku, Muitoa, Fakakai, Mo’unga’one, Pukotala,
Lotofoa, Ha’ateiho Si’i, Ha’afakahenga, Fotua, Fangale’ounga,
Koulo
‘O’ua
of Mango
Mortuary freezer
Consistent replenishing
medical kit
Flushed toilet
Fakakai, Ha’ateiho Si’i, Lotofoa, Faleloa
Public toilet
Hihifo
Provide medicine, staff and x- Hihifo
ray
36
Needs
Pigs pens at homes
Dentist
Water
Reticulated water system
Water catchments
Water catchment
Another tank for Ha’ano ,
water pump for Ha’afakahega
Water catchment
Replace water pump, tank
stand, pipes,
Solar powered water supply
Desalinate machine
Community Development
Solar for homes that have not
had one
Solar power
Living quarters for civil
servants
Village hall
Replace old houses
Street lights
Category D - Infrastructure
Communication
More computers for internet
Transportation
Docking facility
Wharf improvement
Dredge the wharves
School bus/transport
District boat
Fishing and cargo boat
Road improvement
Community
Muitoa,
Fakakai,
Mo’unga’one,
Ha’afakahenga, Koulo, Holopeka
Ha’afeva, Nomuka, Pukotala
Pukotala,Ha’ano,
Matuku
‘O’ua
Fonoi
Fakakai, Ha’ano, Ha’afakahenga,
Fakakai, Mo’unga’one
Lotofoa, Fotua, Fangale’ounga, Pangai, Koulo, Holopeka
Felemea
Holopeka
Tungua
Matuku
Tungua
‘O’ua, Mango, Fakakai, Ha’ateiho Si’i,
Muitoa
Ha’ateiho Si’i, Ha’afakahenga, Faleloa, Fotua
Nomuka
Fotuha’a, ‘O’ua
Ha’afeva, Nomuka, ‘Uiha
Mo’unga’one, Pukotala, Ha’ano
Ha’ateiho Si’i, Faleloa
Kotu, ‘Uiha, Lofanga,
,
Ha’afeva, Tungua, Fonoi, Mango, Ha’ateiho Si’i, Fotua,
Fangale’ounga
Nomuka, ‘Uiha, Felemea, Lofanga, Pukotala, Ha’ano, Ha’ateiho
Si’i, Lotofoa, Faleloa, Fotua, Hihifo, Pangai, Koulo, Holopeka
Category E - Institutional
Representative of Ha’apai Pangai, Hihifo
(from people permanently
residing in Ha’apai) in the
37
Needs
Community
Ha’apai
Development
Committee
Direct communication to Nomuka
Tonga
3.3 Community Needs by Order of District Priority
Communities also prioritized their needs through a workshop. These prioritized needs are given
in Table 10 below (also Table 3 in Appendix 2)
Table 10: Community Needs by Order of District Priority
1ST
2ND
3RD
4TH
DISTRICT PRIORITY
PRIORITY
PRIORITY
PRIORITY
Village fence,- Water
LULUNGA catchments., Boat , Ice- Block making
machine,
beacon lights for the
wharf
,solar power,
foreshore,
improvement for
health facility such as
delivery room and
dentist
,improvement of
Ha’afeva wharf5
-Market for Women’s Dentist
- Increase water -Nomuka Road
NOMUKA
weaving and fishing
catchment;
- Nomuka wharf
- Ice-block for
fishing;
- Inter-island fishing
boatVillage
fence/pig pen
‘UIHA
-Additional teachers
Road, Tourism ,
to primary school,
Agricultural
DVD;
tractor
-Ice-block making
machine;
- Solar powered water
pump, District boat
-Solar powered
5
Ha’afeva needs were not ranked by the participants, assume that their needs are in 1st priority.
38
DISTRICT
HA’ANO
FOA
LIFUKA
1ST
PRIORITY
electricity to alternate
with current diesel
power;
- Solar light
- Market for weaving
and fishing
- Village Fence6
- Market for women’s
weaving
2ND
PRIORITY
3RD
PRIORITY
- Subsidise
paying of bills
power bills
- Extra water
tank for Ha’ano
& Muitoa, extra
water
catchment.
- Dredging of
Ha’ano, Pukotala &
Mo’unga’one
warves
- Paving of Ha’ano
island roads
- Ice-block making
machine
- mowing machines
for all villages
- Market for
women’s weaving
- Improve water
supply system replacing old water
pumps & replace old
pipes
- Vehicle for
school children
- More teachers
to primary
schools and a
form 7
- Improve villages’
water supply ;
- Education – increase
number of teachers,
establish a from 7,
vocational studies,
improve resources ;
- 6 HDC members
from Ha’apai .
- Foreshore for
- Pave agricultural
Lifuka ;
roads
- Improve MOH - Improve wharf
resources such
as increasing
staff number, xray machine,
mortuary
- Cruise-ship to
arrive in
Ha’apai
4TH
PRIORITY
4th Priority
-Paving of
roads
5th Priority
- Village fence
6th Priority
- Fishing boat
- Village fence
- Proper
rubbish dump
and sewage
- Inter-island
ferry
3.4. Issues and Needs of Government Departments In Ha’apai
Based on a workshop organized for the Government Departments’ OIC in Ha’apai, Table 11
below reflects the issues and needs they raised and discussed.
6
The town officer of Ha’ano informed the meeting that village fence will be of no use if the problem of wild pigs
are not dealt with.
39
Table 11: Government Department’s OIC Issues and Needs in Ha’apai
Government
Department
Overall
POLICE
Issues and Needs
NGOs organizing their own Committees, confusing and duplication of
services;
Timely response to community needs; Ha’api Reps from Ha’apai in the
HDC or Create a Ha’apai Committee to report to HDC
Police stations at Pangai and Nomuka only, cannot deal with all complaints.
Mainly rely on community support.
Intra-island ferry to be able to deal with complaints from the islands
Sub-station for Lulunga and Kauvai
Ministry’s boat, no longer in operation, need a boat for field inspection
MEWAC
Primary School Division – five islands (Mo’unga’one, Lofanga, Fotuha’a,
Matuku & Fonoi) only one teacher. Biggest number is Mo’unga’one with 26
pupils; lateness in payment of teachers (at the present, all civil servants in
Lulunga and Mu’omu’a districts are paid every two months).
MAFFF
MOFNP
MOTEYS
MOH
Secondary School Division – Need more teachers for HPHS,
resources/facilities such as lab, home economics, computer lab, Form
7,More staff quarters
Toilet septic
Agriculture - bad road and pigs affect agricultural production, cannot
conduct field inspection, no boat to travel to outer islands of Ha’apai.
In 2009 – highest price for mainoke reached $25 per basket, and for talo
was $45 per basket. Food security is an issue in Ha’apai – particularly
rootcrops.
Fisheries Ice block making machine (Pangai only). At the present, can
produce 24 dustbins @ every 24 hours.
Boat for pay of Lulunga and Mu’omu’a districts
Custom Department building for inspection of yachts
Office septic tank is a health and environment hazard (located at seashore),
exposed after the tsunami - need to fix.
No sport equipment, No vehicle for training, No gym for the Ha’apai
Community
No rescue boat but can use intra-island ferry, X-ray machine, No mortuary
freezer,
No oxygen plant, Foreshore, Waste to be transported to Tonga (by Air NZ)
Boat for inspection, Government flat
MLCI
MOW
Governor’s office
Lifuka road – both main and agricultural roads
Need plant and equipment – stone crusher, caterpillar (excavator ???)
Intra- island ferry for government departments,Passport services in Ha’apai
Police Magistrate
40
Government
Department
Issues and Needs
Flat for OIC in Ha’apai, Maintenance of tourist site
TVB
MOT
Boat for beacon maintenance, Wharf safety – there is an oil depot at the
wharf
Need to relocate MOT office, Driving license making apparatus in Ha’apai
– since Nov. 2009, no license has been issued and drivers are complaining
Office vehicle
People complain on sea route which is currently – TBU-HP-Vv-HP - TBU
The Master Plan of Ha’apai should be looked at strategically considering needs of the
community and government services, sustainability, institutional and capacity development and
risks involved. Risks are analysed in Chapter 4.
41
CHAPTER 4: RISK ANALYSIS AND PRIORITISATION
4.1.
Identifying the Needs of the People of Ha’apai
In Chapter 3, there are three tables regarding the fieldwork in Ha’apai. Table 9 on community
needs by sector and village/island contains all the individual needs of each village/island sorted
out by sector. Table 10 is about the community needs by order of district priorities - five districts
prioritized their needs in a scale of 1 to 6 in the order of importance (that is, 1 is of the highest
importance). Lulunga communities did not prioritize their needs but for the purposes of this
project, it will be assumed that their needs will be ranked 1. OICs have prioritized their needs in
the order described in Table 11. Appendix 2 contains Tables 3 and 4 which record the fieldwork
at Ha’apai districts needs in order of priority and problems and issues.
In order to prioritize the needs of communities, an assessment of the risks of each need (one for
economic and another for social) recorded for each district will be made in Table 14 to identify
the degree of constraint they pose to the socio-economic development of Ha’apai. Furthermore,
Table 15 will assess the needs of OICs. All these needs are perceived social and economic
solutions to the problems communities are experiencing as recorder in Table 4 of Appendix 3.
This method would cover the requirements for a formal needs assessment, which is ‘the formal
process of identifying needs as gaps between current and desired results, placing those needs in
priority order based on the cost to meet each need versus the cost of ignoring it, and selecting
the most important needs (problems for reduction/elimination or opportunities for
developing/enhancing)’.
4.2
Assessing Risks to Identify Priority Needs
The following assessment of risks is based on the Australian Standard Risk Management AS/NZ
4360:1999 (ASRM). Risk under the ASRM can be expressed as the product of the likelihood
(measured by probability) of an incident occurring, and the consequence (or impact) arising from
such incident that will have an impact upon objectives. Likelihood can be expressed as the
product of a threat and the vulnerability (or exposure) of a system or thing to a threat. Risk
therefore, can be assessed as the product of a threat, vulnerability and consequence, that is,
Risk= threat x vulnerability x consequence
In assessing risk, the threat is the external factor (s) that could harm the feasibility and/or
approval of a project. Whereas, the vulnerability is the internal factors that the HDC could
control, and the consequence is the damage or impact on the project, if an incident occurs, as
defined by the product of the threat and vulnerability, Table 12 defines the risk components for
economic and Table 13 for social development needs from the community consultations, and
they will be assessed separately and prioritized according to their risk scores. Furthermore, Table
14 covers the prioritized needs of communities and Table 15 the prioritized needs of OICs in
Ha’apai. The risks will be grouped according to their risk scores obtained from the results of the
assessments and yearly investments are recommended for consideration by GoT.
42
Table 12: Summary of Defining Risk (risk=threat x vulnerability x consequence) Economic
Risk Factors
Components
Measures
Scoring
Threat (is the ability of
• GoT commitment (all
3 – all three
Scoring as follows
a risk indicator to cause
agencies)
components present
3 = high
damage to life, property
• Funding availability
2 – GoT commitment 2 = medium
• Sustainability (including and Funding
and any other thing of
1 = low
the environment)
value)
1 –Sustainability only
Vulnerability
Control on a threat the HDC
3 – little or no control Scoring as follows
(or exposure to a threat) can apply
2 – some control
3 = high
1 – adequate control, 2 = medium
measures in place
1 = low
Consequence
Scoring as follows
Loss to an island community as 5 – all 5 impacts
present
(damage or impact as
5 = extreme
a result of the incident.
4 – 4 impacts present 4 = high
defined by threat x
5 impacts considered:
3 – 3 impacts present 3 = medium
vulnerability)
a) quality of life (daily) of
people deteriorate
2 – 2 impacts present 2 = slightly less than
b) unemployment increases
1 – 1 impact present
average
c) less or no trade/commerce
1 = low
d)infrastructure deteriorate
e) no new investment
Table 13: Summary of Defining Risk (risk=threat x vulnerability x consequence) - Social
Risk Factors
Components
Measures
Scoring
Threat (is the ability of a
• GoT commitment (all 3 – all three components Scoring as follows
present
risk indicator to cause
agencies)
3 = high
2 – GoT commitment
damage to life, property
• Funding availability
2 = medium
and Funding
• Sustainability
and any other thing of
1 = low
1 –Sustainability only
(including the
value)
environment)
Vulnerability
Control on a threat the HDC 3 – little or no control Scoring as follows
(or exposure to a threat) can apply.
2 – some control
3 = high
1 – adequate control,
2 = medium
measures in place
1 = low
Consequence
Loss to an island community 5 – all 5 impacts present Scoring as follows
(damage or impact as
4 – 4 impacts present 5 = extreme
as a result of the incident.
defined by threat x
3 – 3 impacts present
5 impacts considered:
4 = high
vulnerability)
2 – 2 impacts present
a) quality of life (daily) of
3 = medium
people deteriorate
1 – 1 impact present
2 = slightly less than
b) poverty worsen
average
c) poor or no education
1 = low
d) health deteriorate
e) civil strife
In comparing the consequences of Table 12 and Table 13, the quality of life (daily) is present in
43
both tables. For the other four economic and social consequences, they are different. The threat
and vulnerability components are the same for both tables as approval of a project, whether for
economic or social reasons, is subject to the same conditions discussed under the threat and
vulnerability component columns.
4.2.1 Proposed Risk Assessment
The consultants discussed and brainstormed on the communities needs/key considerations of this
project (as recorded in community and OICs consultations) for economic and social issues (see
Appendix 2) , and came up with the following risk assessments in seven levels according to the
scoring made in Table D below. The higher the scoring would mean the higher the magnitude of
the constraint on an issue.
4.3
Prioritized Needs
The economic and social needs of communities are calculated in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively
in Appendix 3. Furthermore, the sum of economic and social scores are shown in Table 14, with
five levels of scoring ranked in the last column which indicate the priorities based on the
assumptions for threat, vulnerability and consequence, discussed in Table 12 and Table13. In
Table 15 below, the sum of the OICs’ economic and social needs is covered and the calculations
are shown in Tables 3 and 4 in Appendix 3.
4.4.
Community Consultations
Table 14 below covers the sums of resolutions of economic and social needs of the six districts
of Ha’apai as recorded (see Appendix 3)
Table 14: Sum of Economic and Social Risk Scores of Communities/Districts
Ref
Key Considerations from Community Needs Econo Social Total
(see also Table 3 from Appendix 2)
-mic
Risk
Score
1
Pangai District
1.1
No. 1 ranked priorities
1.1.1 Improve villages’ water supply
45
45
90
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1/2/3
1.3
1.3.1
Education – increase number of teachers
Education - establish a form 7,
Education - vocational studies
Education - improve resources
6 HDC members from Ha’apai
No. 2 ranked priorities
Foreshore protection
Improve MOH resources such as increasing
staff number, x-ray machine, mortuary
Cruise-ship to arrive in Ha’apai
No.3 ranked priorities
Pave agricultural roads
44
Scores
ranking
1
27
27
36
45
12
45
27
36
45
36
72
54
72
90
48
3
5
3
1
36
36
45
45
81
81
2
2
45
36
81
2
45
45
90
1
Ref
Key Considerations from Community Needs Econo
(see also Table 3 from Appendix 2)
-mic
Social
1.3.2
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.5
1.5.1
2
2.1
2.1.1
45
2.2
2.2.1
Improve wharf
No.4 ranked priorities
Village fence
Proper rubbish dump and sewage
No.5 ranked priority
Inter-island – ferry
Foa district
No.1 rank priority
Improve water supply system - replacing old
water pumps and replace old pipes
No.2 ranked priorities
Vehicle for school children
2.2.2
2.2.3
More teachers to primary schools
Form 7
2.3
2.3.1
2,4
2.4.1
2.5
2.5.1
2.6
2.6.1
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
No. 3 ranked priority
Market for women’s weaving
36
No.4 ranked priority
Paving of roads
45
No.5 ranked priority
Village fence
36
No.6 ranked priority
Fishing boat
36
Ha’ano District
No.1 ranked priorities
Village Fence
36
Market for women’s weaving
36
No.2 ranked priorities
Subsidize paying of power bills
18
Extra water tank for Ha’ano & Muitoa, extra 45
water catchment
No.3 ranked priorities
45
Dredging of Ha’ano, Pukotala and
Mo’unga’one wharves
Paving of Ha’ano island roads
45
Ice-block making machine
36
Mowing machines for all villages
12
‘Uiha District
No.1 ranked priorities
More teachers for primary school/DVD
27
Ice-block making machine
36
Solar powered water pump
45
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
45
45
Total
Risk
Score
90
Scores
ranking
1
36
36
45
45
81
81
2
2
36
45
81
2
45
45
90
1
18
24
42
27
27
36
27
63
54
4
5
36
72
3
45
90
1
45
81
2
27
63
4
45
36
81
72
2
3
18
45
36
90
1
45
90
1
45
36
12
90
72
24
1
3
36
36
45
63
72
90
4
3
1
Ref
Key Considerations from Community Needs Econo
(see also Table 3 from Appendix 2)
-mic
Social
4.1.4
4.1.5
District boat
Solar powered electricity to alternate with
current diesel power
***
Solar light
***
Market for weaving and fishing
No.2 ranked priorities
Road
Tourism
Agricultural tractor
‘Otumu’omu’a District
No.1 ranked priorities
Market for women’s weaving and fishing
Nomuka Wharf
No.2 ranked priority
Dentist
No.3 ranked priorities
Increase water catchments
Ice-Block Machine
Inter-island boat
Village fence/pig fence
No.4 ranked priorities
Nomuka Roads
Lulunga District
All No.1 ranked priorities
Village fence
Water catchment
Boat
Ice- Block making machine
Beacon lights for the wharf
Solar power
***
Foreshore
Improvement for health facility such as
delivery room and dentist
Improvement of Ha’afeva wharf and new
Tungua jetty
Summary of Projects: Pangai 14, Foa 8,
Ha’ano 8. ‘Uiha 10. ‘Otumu’omu’a 8,
Lulunga 9. Total = 57
36
45
45
45
Total
Risk
Score
81
90
8
8
16
36
36
72
3
45
45
24
45
45
18
90
90
42
1
1
36
45
36
45
72
90
3
1
36
36
72
3
45
36
36
36
45
36
45
45
90
72
81
81
1
3
2
2
45
45
90
1
36
45
36
36
45
45
36
36
45
45
45
36
45
45
45
36
81
90
81
72
90
90
81
72
2
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
45
45
90
1
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
5
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.2
5.2.1
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.4
5.4.1
6
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6/1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
6.1.8
6.1.9
46
Scores
ranking
2
1
Total
ranked =
51
Results Summary:
Level 1 (20 x score of 90) 5 wharf, 2 solar-power, 6 water, 5 roads, 1 tourism, 1 education = 6
major projects
Level 2 (14 x score of 81) 2 foreshore, 3 inter-island ferry, 6 village fence, 1 cruise ship visit, 1
solid waste, 1 health = 6 major projects
Level 3 (12 x score of 72) 2 health, 4 ice-block machine, 4 market access, 2 education = 4 major
projects
Level 4 (3 x score of 63) 2 education, 1 fishing boat = 2 major projects
Level 5 (2 x score of 54) 2 education = 1 major project
It should be noted that the number in front of an item, e.g 5 wharfs, would mean that 5 out of the
6 districts of Ha’apai proposed this need, as shown in the above results summary.
Total: Ranked at Level 1 – Level 5 = 51 out of 57:
This is equivalent to 19 major projects. Six of the needs of communities (from consultations) will
not be processed further as they are below the total average score of 45 (our threshold). However,
they should be noted for information as their risk scores may significantly improve when
circumstances change. The six are: Pangai - 6 HDC members from Ha’apai (score of 48),
although of low score, this concern is very important for ownership purposes and something
should be done soon to improve it; Foa - vehicle for school children (42); Ha’ano - subsidizing
payment of power bills (36) and mowing machine for all villages (24); ‘Uiha – agricultural
tractor (42) and solar light (16).
4.5.
OICs’ Needs from Consultation
The calculations for economic and social needs are shown in Table 3 and Table 4, Appendix 3,
which are based on the assumptions for threat, vulnerability and consequence that are discussed
under Table 12 and Table 13. A sum of economic and social needs is shown in Table 15 below.
Table 15 uses the same color code as in Table 14.
Table 15 : OICs Sum of Economic and Social Needs
Ref
Key Considerations from Community Needs Econo
(see also Table 3 from Appendix 2)
-mic
1
1.1
1.2
2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
3
3.1
3.2
Police priority needs
Sub-station for Kauvai and Lulunga Districts as
they cannot deal with complaints promptly
Support a new intra inter-island ferry for Ha’apai
MEWAC priority needs
Repair old boat or have a new one
More primary school teachers
More high school teachers
Form 7
Vocational studies
More staff quarters
Toilet septic (upgrade ?)
MAFFF priority needs
Bad road affect production
Pigs affect production
47
Social
Total
Risk
Score
Scores
ranking
18
27
45
7
36
45
81
2
36
36
36
36
36
27
36
45
36
36
36
36
27
45
81
72
72
72
72
54
81
2
3
3
3
3
5
2
45
36
36
36
81
72
2
3
Ref
Key Considerations from Community Needs Econo
(see also Table 3 from Appendix 2)
-mic
Social
3.3
3.4
3.5
4
4.1
No boat for field inspection
Food security, especially food crops
Ice block making
MOFNP priority needs
Boat for civil servant pay, especially Lulunga
and ‘Otumu’omu’a which now 2 monthly pay.
Custom Department building for inspection of
yachts
Office WC and septic tank is a health and
environment hazard (located at seashore)
MOTEYS priority needs
No sport equipment
No vehicle for training
No gym for the Ha’apai Community
MOH priority needs
Intra-island ferry for month visits to islands, Old
boat not working
Foreshore
Waste to be transported to Tonga (by Air NZ)
Medical equipment - X-ray machine. No ‘Aisi
mate. No oxygen plant
MLCI priority needs
Boat for inspection
Government flat
MOW priority needs
Lifuka road – both main and agricultural roads
Need plant and equipment - stone crusher,
caterpillar (excavator)
MOT priority needs
Boat for beacon maintenance
Need to relocate MOT office
Driving license making apparatus in Ha’apai –
since Nov. 2009, no license has been issued and
drivers are complaining
Office vehicle
Wharf safety – there is an oil depot at the wharf
Summary of Projects: Police 2, MEWAC 7,
MAFFF 5, MOFNP 3, MOTEYS 3, MOH 4,
MLCI 2, MOW 2, MOT 5 Total= 33
36
36
30
4.2
4.3
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
7
7.1
7.2
8
8.1
8.2
9
48
45
36
18
Total
Risk
Score
81
72
48
Scores
ranking
2
3
6
36
45
81
2
36
18
54
5
27
36
63
4
27
18
27
27
18
27
54
36
54
5
36
45
81
2
27
36
36
27
36
36
54
72
72
5
3
3
36
27
45
27
81
54
2
5
45
45
36
27
81
72
2
3
36
12
45
45
12
36
81
24
81
2
27
45
27
36
54
81
5
2
5
2
Total
ranked =
31
Results Summary:
Level 2 (12 x score of 81) 7 inter-island ferry, 1 health, 2 road, 1wharf, 1driving license machine
= 5 major projects
Level 3 (9 x score of 72) 4 education, 1 road machinery, 2 health, 1 food security, 1 village fence
= 5 major projects
Level 4 (1 x score of 63) 1 WC upgrade = 1 major project
Level 5 (7 x score of 54) 1 education, 1 Customs building, 2 sport, 1 foreshore protection, 1 GoT
quarter, 1 vehicle = 7 major projects
Level 6 (1 x score of 48) 1 Ice block making machine = 1 major project
Level 7 (1 x score of 45) 1 Police sub-station = 1 major project
Total: Ranked at Level 2 – Level 7 = 31 out of 33:
Out of 33 OIC needs, 31 are ranked Level 2 – Level 7, that is, with a risk score of 45 or above.
The two OIC needs not ranked are: 1 vehicle for sport training; and MOT to relocate from wharf.
These two OIC needs could be implemented any time, as they could be accommodated in the
Ministry’s budget. There was no 90 risk score, that is, Level 1, in OICs needs.
4.6.
Combined Needs (Common to Island Communities/Districts and OICs ) Priorities
The combined needs data in Table 16 was designed to group them in Level1 – Level 7 so that
conclusions could be drawn in order to prepare a simpler investment plan.
Table 16: Needs Level Grouped, Estimated Costs and Implementation.
Ref
Level of Need/Projects
Estimated Costs TOP
1
1.1
Level 1 Needs (Risk scores of 90)
Water Projects
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.2
1.2.1
Improve villages’ water supply (Pangai)
Improve water supply system - replacing old water pumps and
replace old pipes (Foa)
Extra water tank for Ha’ano & Muitoa, extra water catchment
(Ha’ano)
Solar powered water pump (‘Uiha)
Increase water catchment (’Otumu’omu’a)
Water catchment (Lulunga)
Education Project
Education - improve resources (Pangai)
1.3
Road Projects
1.3.1.
Pave agricultural roads (Pangai)
1.1.3
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11 (FSC)
49
Period to
be Imple
mented
FY
2011/12
is Year 1
Same
Year 1
Year 1
Same
Year 1
Same
Same
Same
Year 1
Year 1
Year 1
MEWAC to
provide costs 2010
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs)- FY
2010/11
Same
Year 1
Year 1 - 2
Ref
Level of Need/Projects
Estimated Costs TOP
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
1.4
Paving of roads (Foa)
Paving of Ha’ano island roads (Ha’ano)
Road (‘Uiha)
Nomuka Roads (‘Otumu’omu’a)
Wharf Projects
1.4.1
Improve wharf (Pangai)
Same
Same
Same
Same
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
Funding under
World Bank aid.
1.4.2
Dredging of Ha’ano, Pukotala and Mo’unga’one wharves
(Ha’ano)
Nomuka Wharf (Nomuka)
Beacon lights for the wharf (all islands as appropriate)
Improvement of Ha’afeva wharf and new Tungua jetty
(Lulunga)
Solar Power Projects
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.6
1.6.1
Solar powered electricity to alternate with current diesel power
*** (‘Uiha)
Solar power *** (Lulunga)
Tourism
2
2.1
Tourism (‘Uiha) Packaged tours Lifuka,’Uiha, Felemea,
Uoleva, Lofanga
Level 2 Needs (Risk Scores of 81)
Foreshore protection
2.1.2
Foreshore protection (Pangai)
2.1.3
2.2
Foreshore protection (Lulunga)
Health
2.2.1
Improve MOH resources such as increasing staff number, xray machine, mortuary (Pangai)
50
Period to
be Imple
mented
Year 1 - 2
Year 1 - 2
Year 1 - 2
Year 1 - 2
FSC
2010 before end of
Oct
Year 2 - 3
Current AusAID
FSC
FSC
2010 -11
Year 2 -3
Year 3 -4
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
FSC
Year 1- 2
FSC
Minis of Tourism
with TTA to
provide advice
FSC
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
Reported AusAID
FSC August 2010
FSC
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
FSC
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 - 2
Year 1 -2
Year 1
Ref
Level of Need/Projects
Estimated Costs TOP
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.3
Proper rubbish dump and sewage (Pangai)
Toilet septic (upgrade ?) (MEWAC OIC Ha’apai High School)
Cruise-ship to visit Ha’apai
2.3.1
2.4
Cruise-ship enquiry (through Transam Shipping) last month to
call in Pangai, Uoleva, ‘Uiha, Limu, and Nomuka.
Village protection from pigs
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.4.5
2.5
Village fence (Pangai)
Village fence (Foa)
Village fence (Ha’ano)
Village fence/pig fence (‘Otumu’omu’a)
Village fence (Lulunga)
Ferry serving Ha’apai only
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.5.6
2.5.7
2.5.8
2.5.10
2.5.11
3
3.1
Inter-island – ferry (Pangai)
District boat (‘Uiha)
Inter-island – ferry (‘Otumu’omu’a)
Boat (Lulunga)
Support a new intra inter-island ferry for Ha’apai (Police OIC)
Repair old boat or have a new one (MEWAC OIC)
No boat for field inspection (MAFFF OIC)
Boat for civil servant pay, especially Lulunga and
‘Otumu’omu’a which now 2 monthly pay.(MOFNP OIC)
Intra-island ferry for month visits to islands, Old boat not
working (MOH OIC)
Boat for inspection (MLCI OIC)
Boat for beacon maintenance (MOT OIC)
Level 3 Needs (Risk scores of 72)
Education
FSC
FSC
Mainly shipping
agent but costs to
MOT and TDS in
ensuring depths of
sea, ship visits
Private sector meet
own costs.
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
$5 – 6 million
same boat
same boat
same boat
same boat
same boat
same boat
same boat
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
Education – increase number of teachers (Pangai)
Education - vocational studies (Pangai)
More primary school teachers (MEWAC OIC)
2.5.9
51
Period to
be Imple
mented
Year 1
Year 1
Mid-2011
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
same boat
Year 1 -2
same boat
same boat
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
FSC
FSC
FSC
Year 1
Year 1
Year 1
Ref
Level of Need/Projects
Estimated Costs TOP
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.2
More high school teachers (MEWAC OIC)
Form 7 (MEWAC OIC)
Vocational studies (MEWAC OIC)
Pig Fences
3.2.1
3.3
Pigs affect production (MAFFF OIC)
Access to Market
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.4
Market for women’s weaving (Foa)
Market for women’s weaving (Ha’ano)
Market for weaving and fishing (‘Uiha)
Market for women’s weaving and fishing (‘Otumu’omu’a)
Health
3.4.1
3.4.2
Dentist (‘Otumu’omu’a)
Improvement for health facility such as delivery room and
dentist (Lulunga)
Waste to be transported to Tonga (by Air NZ) (MOH OIC)
Medical equipment - X-ray machine. No ‘Aisi mate. No
oxygen plant (MOH OIC)
Level 4 Needs (Risk Scores of 63)
Education
More teachers to primary schools (Foa)
More teachers for primary school/DVD (‘Uiha)
Health
Office WC and septic tank is a health and environment hazard
(located at seashore)
Level 5 Needs (Risk Scores of 54)
Education
Education - establish a form 7, (Pangai)
Form 7 (Foa)
More staff quarters (MEWAC OIC)
Finance
Customs Department building for inspection of yachts
(MOFNP OIC)
Sports
No sport equipment
FSC
FSC
FSC
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
Same
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
FSC
FSC
FSC
FSC
Special project to
determine feasibility and costs- FY
2010/11
FSC
FSC
3.4.3
3.4.4
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1
5
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.2
5.2.1
5.3
5.3.1
52
Period to
be Imple
mented
Year 1
Year 1
Year 1
Year 2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
Year 1-2
FSC
FSC
Year 1 -2
Year 1 -2
MEWAC funds
MEWAC funds
2010
2010
$20,000 suggest
local funds
2010
MEWAC funds
MEWAC funds
GoT
Year 2 -3
Year 2 -3
Year 2 -3
GoT
Year 1
MOTEYS funds
Year 1 -3
Ref
Level of Need/Projects
Estimated Costs TOP
5.3.2
5.4
5.4.1
5.5
5.5.1
5.6
5.6.1
No gym for the Ha’apai Community
Health
Foreshore (MOH OIC)
Staff
Government flat (MLCI OIC)
Transport
Office Vehicle (MOT OIC)
MOTEYS funds
6
6.1
6.1.1
6.2
6.2.1
Level 6 Needs (Risk Scores of 48)
Development Structure
6 HDC members from Ha’apai (Pangai)
Fisheries
Ice block making (MAFFF OIC)
7
7.1
7.1.1
Level 7 Needs (Risk score of 45)
Law and Order
Sub-station for Kauvai and Lulunga Districts as they cannot
deal with complaints promptly
Period to
be Imple
mented
Year 1 -3
See 2.1
GoT
Year 2
GoT transfer 1 van
from Nuk
Year 1
GoT
2010
See 2.5
Proposed
Hp ferry
to carry
GoT
Year 1 - 2
Out of a total of 90 needs recorded (57 communities + 33 OICs), 82 was ranked from Level 1 – 7
in descending order of importance, and are shown in Table 16 above. Furthermore, estimated
costs and/or feasibility study, in the third and fourth columns to determine details and costs, as
there are too many needs in a particular group. The last column shows the proposed year of
implementation subject to completion of feasibility study for that need/project, and this is
indicative as the feasibility studies will determine the year or number of years a particular group
of needs are implemented.
53
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS
The geographical limitations of and associated high cost of services in the Ha’apai Region
should not limit the effort of the GoT and the private sector to improve the quality and standard
of living for the Ha’apai people. Strategic approach, commitment (financial and human resource
– hard working and positive attitude) should bring prosperity to Ha’apai.
There are seventeen (17) investment needs listed in this section for the development of Ha’apai
by sector and by order of priority. Four main areas need development. Fifteen (15) of these
investment needs were raised by the local communities and and they are mainly on basic needs
requirements and the two (2) were added by the consultants. These two include a location for
storage disaster relief equipments and stock as well as private sector development package to
boost economic production.
5.1. Infrastructure
Strategically, these needs are required by the islands of the Ha’apai Region in the immediate to
medium term. Infrastructure investment is needed by all parties – Ha’apai residents, government
services and private sector and business services.
5.2. Social Services
Demand for social services is an indicator that Ha’apai as well as the whole of Tonga still faces
basic need poverty. This is evident in the needs expressed by participants in the consultations.
5.3. Boost Private Sector Economic Development
In the long term, sustainability is still an issue. Whilst investments on infrastructure and social
services should act as catalysts for economic growth in the Ha’apai region, these investments
would also require maintenance and renewal after ten to fifteen years and financial resources will
be needed for such maintenance activities. Apart from donor assistance, financial resources can
only mobilized through economically productive activities. Fishing and weaving are the major
current income earners for the Ha’apai people (apart from remittances) and there are limited
tourist activities and few salary earners. There is a need for a structural change in the make up of
the Ha’apai economy. The consultants have included investment number seventeen (17) to
actively promote economic activities in the Ha’apai Region.
On the question of what can government do for the community, all the representative of the six
districts indicated that they would like government to fund all their needs and they will only
contribute labour if needed. This dependency attitude is still common in the region, if not all of
Tonga. It is very important for GoT to provide a more transparent and stronger leadership role
than it is today, especially in institutional issues (such as set up a HMC that includes district
representatives) with meetings in Pangai, job creation and supporting (training and/or mentoring)
the private sector to establish service industries that are suitable for the environment of Ha’apai.
For example, instead of making 20 x 10 feet fine mats (fihu fatufa) people should be shown and
encouraged to produce one foot square pieces of decorated designs which are marketable to
54
tourists (as souvenirs) than the big fine mats, or, mentoring/training of the people to create small
artworks from sea shells etc. There should be a paradigm shift from traditional supply to demand
led supply. Furthermore, the more tourists visiting Ha’apai, the quicker these mindsets will
change as the small mats will sell mush more quickly than a big fine mat.
Sustainability Issues
In order to achieve the potential benefits of this project, a key issue to be addressed is
sustainability, in terms of the appropriate governance/management arrangements discussed above,
monitoring, providing adequate resources to make it happen, creating demands for the
tourist/services sector, and a new intra island boat for Ha’apai that would provide a regular and
affordable means of market access. Ownership is critical to the sustainability of a project.
Sustainability covers economic, social and environmental considerations, and they are not
mutually exclusive but can be mutually reinforcing. For any development project to be
successful, these three components must be taken into account at the start of the project design
until the completion of its implementation.
Developing the tourism/services sector is the best way forward for Ha’apai’s development, for
the people would receive money directly from tourists and at the same time employment is also
created. Tourism in Ha’apai can be the biggest money earner, for the industry is still underdeveloped. Ha’apai has a lot of interesting historical sites, such as Velata Fort in Hihifo where
Tupou I defeated his enemies to become ruler of Tonga, white sandy beaches and unpolluted seas,
Upgrading the historical sites in Ha’apai and create a tour package of three to four days visiting
them, which are about one hour of sea travelling between islands. A new 3-star hotel is required
in Ha’apai (20 – 30 rooms at TOP100/150 per night) for the comfort of tourist on packaged tours
Inquiry from round-the-world cruise line operators has recently been lodged in Tonga’s MOT for
clearance to visit Lifuka, Uoleva, ‘Uiha, Limu and Nomuka islands in 2011. Work is under way
to confirm safety issues before a response is taken. The cruise liner is “Europa”, an over 200
meters ship, and if she is allowed to call in Ha’apai as well as some islands in Vava’u. Thousands
of dollars would be spent in these islands from selling handicrafts etc with little cost to GoT.
Furthermore, five other sister ships (of Europa) will also call on a yearly basis in the same
islands as from 2012.
One of the main challenges of this project is to design the HDMP to implement it in good
partnership with GoT. Without GoT leadership, the HDMP will not realize its sustainability.
5.4. Institutional and Management Structure
One of the objective outcomes of the National Strategic Planning Framework is that government
will move to set up and support village and district councils so that they have more say in their
development. This should empower communities and help built self-reliant at all levels. One of
the objectives of this plan is to build capacity development and set up village and district
councils so that communities not only have more say in what they need, but also work out ways
of addressing their needs. This should pave the way not for a more sustainable socio economic
development for the region, but for increased prosperity as well.
It is very important for the long term success of the HDMP and its sustainability to design and
55
adopt a management structure to manage and monitor projects that have been approved by HDC.
Figure 2 below is basically a participatory approach scheme and it is recommended to be adopted
as a management system for this project. This project has been implemented based on
participatory principles. Furthermore, HMC should be held at Pangai for ownership reasons.
For a participatory system to work efficiently, a community’s needs must first be discussed and
prioritised by the people in that community through a Town or Village Committee (TVC) which
would consist of a Chairperson (Town Officer) and four other members (preferably chairpersons
of the Water Committee or Electricity Committee etc). At this level the TVC must have a simple
strategic plan for up to three - five years. Many of the island communities in the Lulunga district
have been trained by MORDI in 2007 to do simple strategic plans. The HMC should plan and
implement similar training activities after it is formally set up, if other communities have no such
training yet. HMC meetings should be held at Pangai, not Nuku’alofa, in every quarter.
Figure 2
Aid donor
HDC
MOFNP (Nuk)
Ha’apai Management
Committee (HMC)
(MOFNP Ha’apai as Secretariat)
District Councils
Town/Village Committee
Once projects have been identified by TVCs they are submitted to the District Councils, which is
chaired by the District Officer, the other members should be comprised of the TO and another
member from each TVC. At the District Council (DC) level, projects from TVCs are
consolidated and prioritised in a DC plan for submission to the HMC. Costs of inter island
travelling for DC and HMC meetings should be subsidized by GoT (or HDC/HMC) through a
budgetary mechanism. DC meetings should be held a month before a HMC meeting so that they
can send their agenda items to the HMC secretariat in Pangai for inclusion in the next meeting.
There should be two DC members representing DCs to a HMC meeting. Representatives of each
DC submit their priorities to the HMC and ex-officio members could only identify and allocate
funding sources and monitoring, but they should not interfere with priorities set by DCs. The
disbursing of funds by the HMC should be in the same way as today.
Members of the HMC are as follows:
• Ex-officio from Nuku’alofa – One or two representatives of MOFNP, aid donors’
representatives, 2 NGOs.
• Two representatives from each DC, 1 NGO in Ha’apai.
• Secretariat – one dedicated MOFNP staff (new senior post) in Ha’apai,
• Chairperson to be elected by HMC.
56
5.5. Monitoring and Evaluation
There need to be active monitoring and evaluation of the HDMP to ensure that investment plans
are implemented and also evaluate impacts on the local economy of Ha’apai.
5.6. Summary of Investment needs
The groupings of needs in Table 16 are summarized as follows.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Water related 7 needs, including improve villages water supply to all districts:
such as, upgrading, new water tanks, and water pumps – diesel or solar powered
(yellow colour).
Education related 12 needs, mainly improve resources: such as, number of high
school and primary teachers, establish vocational studies and Form 7, the use of
technology (DVD players and discs – MOE record in Nuku’alofa lessons for
primary school Classes 1 – 6 and distribute one set to each island school, and staff
quarters (light green colour)
Road works in 5 districts (except ‘Uiha), both village and agricultural roads
(purple color).
Wharf related – 1 new and 5 upgrade needs (dark blue colour).
Health related – 9 needs, mainly improve resources including medical equipment,
solid and liquid waste disposal and staff numbers (light blue colour).
Village protection (fencing) from pigs, 5 districts except ‘Uiha (red colour).
Inter-island ferry (steel construction and multi-functional) for Ha’apai only (about
16 – 18 meters length) proposed by 4 districts and strongly supported by 7
Ministries (light shaded colour).
Market access for women’s weaving and men’s fishing catches (dark green
colour).
Ice block making machine for fish catches. This need could be met by having one
ice making plant in the new passenger ferry from where fishermen obtain their ice
requirement when it calls into an island (dark shaded colour)
Tourism related needs, such as: packaged tours for Lifuka, Uoleva, ‘Uiha/Felemea,
Lofanga components in 1 -2 days, and establish one 3-star (20 – 30 room) hotel in
Lifuka (only 10 motels/small resorts in Ha’apai now) and upgrade motel in
Felemea; and cruise ship call in ialnds of Ha’apai at least once a year (no colour).
Environment related – foreshore protection in Lifuka and Ha’afeva (no colour).
Renewable energy – solar power plant to supplement diesel power in case diesel
generator is not working, for ‘Uiha and Ha’afeva (no colour)
Sport related, such as, a gym and different sport equipment to Pangai and then
other district centres (no colour).
Miscellaneous infrastructure: Police sub-stations to be established in Kauvai and
Lulunga districts; Custom’s office for border control activities; new GoT quarters
for staff of MLCI and Tourism; and MOT vehicle (1 vehicle suggested be
transferred from Head Office to Pangai) (no colours).
Institutional related: similar but simplified structure as proposed under Figure 2 of
this Report (Part II), and more representation from the 6 districts, either in the
HDC or a working committee (such as Project Co-ordination Committee) to be
57
16
17
o
o
o
o
o
based in Pangai as the Ha’apai communities now felt being neglected by GoT (no
colour).
The Red Cross and MOW’s Disaster Management Division raised their concerns
of no land and dedicated building for the safe storage of their equipment and
stores;
Promote private sector development package based on local resources in Ha’apai
to:
encourage tourist related services and activities;
encourage light/cottage, import substitution industries such as soap, Tongan oil,
ƒ chips, fish smoking - these can be developed over time and improve
quality for
ƒ export;
promote export of both cultural and decorative handicrafts;
provide training and mentoring by experts to Ha’apai private sector and
consider any other viable projects in the productive sector.
58
CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATION
Recommendation:
That:
1.
The Ha’apai Development Committee and the Government of Tonga consider and
approve Part 1 (Ha’apai Development Master Plan), and Part II (Report on the Ha’apai
Development Master Plan).
59
REFERENCES
1.
Budget Paper No. 1, Budget Statement for Year Ending 30th June 2011 by MOFNP
2.
Budget Paper No.3, Budget Statement for Year Ending 30th June 2011 by MOFNP,
Nuku’alofa, 2010
3.
Budget Statement for Year Ending 30th June 2011, Annex C, MOFNP, Nuku’alofa 2010
4.
Draft of National Infrastructure Investment Plan, MOFNP, Nuku’alofa 2010
5.
Ha’apai Action, Participation & Planning Initiative (HAPPI) Project Document, October
2008, by AusAID
6.
Pacific Islands Pilot Vol1, NP 61, Eleventh Edition 2006, Published by the United
Kingdom Hydrographical Office.
7.
Participatory Learning and Assessment Report – Lulunga District, December 2007,
MORDI, Nuku’alofa.
8.
Second Tonga MDG Report, Ministry of Finance, 2010
60
APPENDIX 1
MASTER DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HA’APAI
Terms of Reference
1.
Background
1.1
The Ha’apai islands are located in the central part of the Kingdom of Tonga with the
Tongatapu group to the south and Vava’u to the north. Of the 60 islands in the Ha’apai
group, only 17 are inhabited. A total population of 7,570 was recorded in 2006
provisional census report, with a population density of 68.3 people per square kilometer.
The village of Pangai is its administrative capital and is located on the largest island of
the group, Lifuka.
The economy of Ha’apai depends largely on overseas’ donor funds, women’s weaving
and fishing of local men. There are a few local stores and resorts of which the locals can
obtain cash from. Government investment on Ha’apai is very limited apart from paying
the salaries of their civil servants. Given the smallness of Ha’apai’s economy,
development is very slow with an alarming number of young people who are finding
employment difficult to attain.
The Government of Australia through AusAID has been the major donor country who has
contributed to the development of the Ha’apai Group over the years, providing assistance
at both infrastructure and community levels, such as the building of the Taufa’ahau Wharf,
the Ha’apai Market, Electrification Projects, and Ha’ano Jetty.
The global increases in prices of fuel and food make living in the small and remote
islands difficult, and high transport costs implies that access to information and basic
social services such as the supply of teachers may also be inadequate.
The Ha’apai Group has potential as a tourist attraction with its untouched natural beauty,
its fantastic beaches, and its marine organisms which contribute to its uniqueness.
However, due to global climate changes and the rising sea level phenomenon, the lowlying nature of the island group is exposed to nature’s perils with the island of Lifuka
experiencing erosion of its water front; the cause way to Foa is at the mercy of the tides
and waves; the high saline level of its water sources are only but some of the challenges
that are threatening the livelihood of its people.
The Ha’apai Development Committee has initiated a process to put in place a Master
Development Plan, which will analyze the problems encountered by the people of the
region, identify risks and opportunities, and provide a clear pathway for the development
of Ha’apai.
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.
Purposes
The purpose of this study is to discover the constraints on the economic and social development
in the Ha’apai islands such as the investment projects, identify priority areas and specific areas
for investments in order to alleviate these problems.
3.
Objectives
61
The goal of this study is: “To provide a Master Development Plan to prioritize projects
that can further enhance the development of the Ha’apai Group to improve the living
standard of its people and contributes to the economic growth of the Kingdom”.
3.1
3.2
Specific objectives are as follows:
Take stock of the existing state of Ha’apai’s development, including social, educational,
health and economic data, and an assessment of the current infrastructure through
literature review based on existing reports on consultation conducted by other
stakeholders such as the Government of Tonga, AusAID, JICA, MORDI, Tonga Trust,
Tonga National Youth Congress and Civil Society organizations and sectoral reports eg
Fisheries, Education and Health.
Based on findings on 3.1 develop a plan for investment of resources on Ha’apai focused
on equipping the community to exploit economic opportunities, providing infrastructure
to support continued development over time, and in a manner consistent with the national
planning framework. Assess the constraints on Ha’apai development and feasibility of
addressing those constraints
3.3
Assist GoT in linking regional priorities and plans for Ha’apai region to the overall
national strategic development plan and sectoral strategic plans.
4.
Key Tasks and Methodology
Objective 3.1: Take stock of the existing state of Ha’apai’s development, including social,
educational, health and economic data and an assessment of current infrastructure.
The teams will arrange a meetings with assistance from the Policy and Planning Division of the
MoFNP in affirming the list of who they will meet and make sure they are relevant people to be
consulting from government officials, donors, community representatives such as town and
district officers (must ensure that they consult the communities for their views) and also Tonga
Trust, MORDI, Civil Society Forum and Tonga National Youth Congress to take stock of the
existing state of the Ha’apai region’s development.
Objective 3.2: Assist GoT and the Ha’apai community to determine development
priorities by ensuring wide stakeholder participation in both the planning process and
delivery of agreed outcomes. Assess the constraints on Ha’apai development and
feasibility of addressing those constraints
i
Organize and participate in meetings and/or workshops, using participatory
approaches, with government officials, communities, key stakeholders, donors,
and other interested groups including: Ha’apai Development Committee (HDC);
Government Representative to Ha’apai, people’s representative to Legislative
Assembly, district officers and town officers, government departments such as the
Ministry of Finance and Planning, Labour & Commerce, Tourism, Agriculture,
Fisheries, Health and Education. There are also various non-government
organizations including women’s development groups in Ha’apai which should
also be consulted. Must ensure a cross-section of society is consulted.
62
ii
Careful analysis of the stock take findings and Ha’apai development constraints,
including geographical, land, environmental, financial, and human resource
limitations, will enable a realistic development plan to be formulated.
iii
Collate, analyze and present baseline data and consultation findings for further
discussion with relevant ministries and officials.
iv
Conclusions should provide the platform for recommendations on Ha’apai’s
development priorities and strategies to address identified needs.
Objective 3.3: Assist GoT in linking regional priorities and plans for Ha’apai region to
the overall national strategic development plan
i
Close consultation with the Ministry of Finance and Planning and the Ha’apai
Development Committee (HDC), in their preparation of the National Strategic
Development Plan.
Objective 3.4: Advise on how the needs of Ha’apai can be best actioned by GoT.
(Separate projects, leverage off existing programs eg Health, TVET, Transport, Education)
5.
Consultants
The study teams will comprise two Local Technical Advisors.
•
The first Local Technical Advisor (Team Leader) preferably a specialist in regional
development in the Pacific Islands with consultancy experience from overseas countries. Team
Leader will be responsible for the team and ensure that every activity that will undertake is in
lining with the preparation of the Master Plan.
•
The second Local Technical Advisor with experience in social and economic analysis of
regional development. The co- Technical Advisor will assist the team leader in conducting the
activities prior to the preparation of the Master Plan.
6.
Duration and Scope of Work
A total of up to 2 months which equivalent to 47 working days consultancy is required for
the consultants, considering the many remote islands they may need to visit and the
different needs they have. The timeframe of the work is schedule to begin on the 1st
week of March and complete the work on the 4th week of April, 2010.
6.1. 1st week of March, the consultants will initiate with the process by studying the
existing consultancy reports that were preceded in Ha’apai. Phase 1 - collection of
secondary data from various government and non-government agencies to determine the
social and economic profile of Ha’apai. The team would be encouraged to analyze the
current status based on the information available.
6.2. 2nd week of March – 3rd week of March, persist with conducting the consultation
base on the outcomes of the studying if they need further information from the
communities. Phase 2 - site visit to Ha’apai to validate data extracted from studies
63
undertaken and collect primary data on local community needs and development
priorities from every islands and communities. The analysis of this data will determine
the target objectives for Ha’apai over the next 3 – 10 years. Participatory methodologies
and practices will be applied to all stages of data collection in this Phase.
6.3 4th week of March, Phase 3 - identification of priority areas to enhance the social and
economic development of Ha’apai. Organize an in-country workshop at the end of the
mission to report back on the findings to main stakeholders.
6.4. 1st – 2nd week of April, Phase 4 – Draft the Master Plan base on the findings in
phase 3.
6.5. 3rd week of December, Phase 5 – Submit a draft Master Plan to Ministry of Finance
and National Planning and AusAID for comments prior to submission to the Ha’apai
Development Committee (HDC) for comments. Also brief the HDC members in
presentation format as a summary of the draft Master Plan. Further, incorporate
comments from the HDC’s members and finalize the document.
6.6. 4th week of April, Phase 6 – Submit the final Master Plan to the HDC for
consideration and approval.
7.
Expected Output/Reporting
The Design Mission team will produce the following reports and outputs;
(a)
A short presentation of findings of Phase 2 to be presented to stakeholders for further
comments as per mentioned in section 6.
(b)
One hard copy of a draft Master Plan document to be prepared to submit to HDC. Brief
the HDC on a presentation format specifically on Phase 5.
c)
Submit final Master Plan document to the HDC that is based on local needs
and priorities, draws on lessons learnt from past programmed and project
experience, and integrates new and existing planned programmes and projects.
The team must provide all documents within the timeframe indicated in Section 6
above in the format required by Ministry of Finance and National Planning
compatible system of Microsoft Word and Power Point Presentation.
64
APPENDIX 2
Table 1 : Selected MDGs to be achieved in 2020/11
Status
at Status
MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
2010
2020
MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty & hunger
Target 1: Halve between 1990 – 2015 the proportion of people
whose income in less than $1 a day.
MDG1:1 Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) per day
4 (2001)
22 (2004)
MDG1:3 Share of the poorest quintile in national consumption
7.7 (2001)
7.4 (2005)
MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education
Target 2. A: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and
girls alike will be able to complete a full course of primary
schooling
MDG 2.1: Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach the last 93% (2001)
grade of primary school
88.9% (2006)
90% (2007)
MFG 2.3: Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds
99.4% (2206)
MDG3: Promote gender equality & empower women
Target 3.A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary
schools, preferably 2005 and in all levels no later than 2015
MDG 3.1.: Ratio of girls and boys in primary, secondary and
tertiary schools
89 (2001)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary schools
89 (2006)
88 (2008)
99 (2001)
Ration of girls to boys in secondary schools
94 (2006)
97 (2008)
69 (2001)
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary schools
99 (2008)
MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Target 4. A: Reduce by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015 the
under five mortality rate
20 (2001)
MDG 4.1: Under five mortality rate
16 (2006)
25 (2008)
MDG 7: Ensure Environmental sustainability
Target 7.B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a
significant reduction in the rate of loss
MDG 7.6. Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected
1.4 (2008)
65
at
Status
at Status
MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
2010
2020
Target 7.C: Halve by 2015, the proportion of people without
access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
MDG1 7.8 : Proportion of population using an improved drinking
water source.
Total
98 (2006)
Urban
98.3 (1996)
Rural
98.1(1996)
MDG 7.9: Proportion of population using an improved water
source sanitation facility.
Total
82 (2006)
Urban
99 (1996)
Rural
…
MDG 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Target 8.A: Develop further and open, rule-based, predictable,
nondiscriminatory trading and financial system. Includes a
commitment to good governance, development and poverty
reduction
MDG8.4: ODA received in small island developing States as a
proportion of their gross national incomes.
Million USD
21.5 (2006)
% of GNI
9.62 (2006)
% of GNP
30 (2010)
Target 8.C: Address the special needs of the island Developing
States
MDG8.9: Proportion of ODA provided to build trade capacity
1.2 (2010)
Target 8.F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available
the benefits of new technologies, especially information and
communication
MDG8.14: Telephone lines per 100 population
13.3(2008)
MDG 8.15: Cellular subscribers per 100 population
46.4(2007)
MDG8.16: Internet user per 100 population
8.4(2007)
Source: Tonga’s 1st National Report, Millenium Development Goals, March 2005,
66
at
Table 2
HA’APAI DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN CONSULTATIONS (13TH – 21st JULY 2010)
District ……………………………….
Date of Consultation ………………………..
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS
i. Koeha e ngaahi palopalema ‘oku mou fehangahangai mo ia pea koeha ho’omou ngaahi fiema’u
vivili taha? (What are your main problems and needs - in order of priority)
Ngaahi Palopalema
Ngaahi fiema’u vivili taha
Comments
ii. ‘E anga fefe hano fakalato ho’omou ngaahi fiema’u mo solova ho’omou palopalema ? Your
suggestions to solve these problems (in order of priority)
Solova’anga e ngaahi palopalema
Comments
iii. Koeha ha tokoni ‘e ala fai mai ‘e he Pule’anga Tonga ke fakalato ho’omou ngaahi fiema’u vivili
mo solova homou ngaahi palopalema ? What can government do for your communities?
Tokoni ‘e ala fai mai ‘e he Pule’anga
Comments
iv. Koeha leva ha’amou ngaahi fokotu’utu’u ke tokoni ki hono fakalato ho’omou ngaahi fiema’u mo
solova homou ngaahi palopalema ? In what what way can you contribute to solve your
probelms ?
Tokoni ‘e ala fai ‘e kimoutolu e kakai?
v.
Comments
‘Oku ‘i ai mo ha ngaahi me’a ‘oku mou tokanaga ke fai ha vakai ki ai ? Any other issues
67
SUMMARY TABLES of COMMUNITY COMMENTS/ISLSLAND MEETINGS
SUMMARIES
Table 3: FIELDWORK AT HA’APAI – DISTRICT NEEDS IN ORDER OF PRIORITY7
LULUNGA
DISTRICT
NOMUKA
DISTRICT
‘UIHA
DISTRICT
HA’ANO
DISTRICT
FOA
DISTRICT
LIFUKA
DISTRIC
- Village fence
- Water
catchment
- Boat
- Ice- Block
making machine
- Beacon lights
for the wharf
- Solar power
- Foreshore
- Improvement
for health facility
such as delivery
room and dentist
- Improvement of
Ha’afeva wharf8
- Market for
women’s
weaving and
fishing (1), Nomuka
Wharf (1)
- More teachers
for primary
school/DVD (1),
- Ice-block
making machine
(1)
- Solar powered
water pump (1) 0
District boat (1)
- Solar powered
electricity to
alternate with
current diesel
power (1)
- Solar light (1)
- Market for
weaving and
fishing (1)
Road (2),
Tourism (2),
Agricultural
tractor (2),
- Village Fence9
(1)
- Market for
women’s
weaving (1)
- Improve
water supply
system replacing old
water pumps
& replace
old pipes (1)
- Improve
villages’ water
supply (1);
- Education –
increase
number of
teachers,
establish a form
7, vocational
studies, improve
resources (1);
- 6 HDC
members from
Ha’apai (1).
- subsidise
paying of bills
power bills (2)
- Extra water
tank for Ha’ano
& Muitoa, extra
water
catchment (2)
- Vehicle for
school
children (2)
- More
teachers to
primary
schools and
a form 7 (2)
- Form 7
- Foreshore for
Lifuka (2);
- Improve MOH
resources such
as increasing
staff number, xray machine,
mortuary (2),
- Cruise-ship to
arrive in Ha’apai
(2)
- Dredging of
Ha’ano,
- Market for
women’s
- Pave
agricultural
Dentist (2)
Increase
water
7
With the exception of Lulunga district, ranking was a consensus effort by the participants.
Ha’afeva needs were not ranked by the participants.
9
The town officer of Ha’ano informed the meeting that village fence will be of no use if the problems of wild pigs
are not dealt with.
8
68
LULUNGA
DISTRICT
NOMUKA
DISTRICT
catchment
(3), Ice-Block
Machine (3),
Inter-island
boat (3),
Village
fence/pig
fence (3)
Nomuka
Roads (4)
‘UIHA
DISTRICT
HA’ANO
DISTRICT
FOA
DISTRICT
weaving (3)
Pukotala &
Mo’unga’one
warves (3)
- Paving of
Ha’ano island
roads
- Ice-block
making machine
(3)
- mowing
machines for all
villages (3)
- Paving of
roads (4)
- Village
fence (5)
- Fishing
boat (6)
69
LIFUKA
DISTRIC
roads (3)
- Improve wharf
(3)
- Village fence
(4);
- Proper rubbish
dump and
sewage (4)
- Inter-island –
ferry (5).
Table 4: FIELDWORK AT HA’APAI – PROBLEMS AND ISSUES BY DISTRICT
LULUNGA
DISTRICT
6 Groups –
Ha’afeva,
Matuku, Tungua,
Fotuha’a, Kotu,
‘O’oua
Coastal
erosion (5)
NOMUKA DISTRICT
4 Goups - Nomuka, Fonoi,
Mango, Women (reps. from
all the three islands)
‘UIHA DISTRICT
4 Groups – ‘Uiha, Felemea,
Lofanga, Women (reps from
all three islands)
HA’ANO DISTRICT
5 Groups – Ha’ano,
Pukotala, Fakakai,
Mo’unga’one, Women Reps
from Ha’ano island
FOA DISTRICT
6 Groups – Lotofoa, Faleloa,
Fotua, Ha’afakahenga,
Ha’ateiho Si’i,
Fangale’ounga.
LIFUKA DISTRICT
6 Groups – Pangai, Hihifo,
Holopeka, Koulo, 2 Groups of
Women Reps.
Shortage Of Water (4)
Water – Pumps Are Old,
Need Replacement (3),
No Market For
Women’s Weaving
(Women Reps. From All
Islands)
- Damage of pigs to
crops (5)
- Damage of pigs to
village (5)
- No market for
women’s weaving (5)
- No vegetable garden
for women (all women
reps)
- Water, pumps are old,
and pipes need
replacement.
- Toilet, not hygienic
- No market for weaving
- Damage of pigs to
crops
- Bad condition of roads
and agricultural roads
- No fishing boat
- No transport for
students
- Not enough teachers
- street light is
expensive, paid by the
village (Fotua)
- no vegetable gardens
- 6 HDC members from
Ha’apai (6)
Damage of
Transport/Travel (4)
pigs to crops
(3), Not
enough water
catchment (3),
Transport/Trav
Transport/Travel (3),
Damage of pigs to
crops (3),
Shortage Of Teachers
(3)
- Villages not well
maintained (4)
70
- Ministry of Health – not
enough staff, medicine, no xray machine, mortuary no
longer in operation
- Education, short staff,
resources, no vocational
studies, no form 7;
- No, inter-island boat;
- No cruise-ship visiting
Ha’apai;
- No immigration services;
- wharf
- Not all government
departments are represented
in Ha’apai.
- Water not running well,
pipes are old, shortage of
water catchment (5)
- Damage of pigs to crops (5)
- Coastal erosion (5)
LULUNGA
DISTRICT
el (3), No iceblock machine
(3)
Beacon lights
for wharf (2),
No solar light
(2)
NOMUKA DISTRICT
‘UIHA DISTRICT
HA’ANO DISTRICT
No ice block (3),
Damage Of Crops By
Pigs (3)
Shortage Of Ice Blocks
For Fish (2), Solar Light
(2), Agricultural Tractor
(2)
- high cost of electricity
bill (3)
- shallow wharfs (3)
- bad road (3)
No Market For
Women’s Weaving (2),
No Market For Fishing
(2)
71
FOA DISTRICT
LIFUKA DISTRICT
- Bad road (4)
- No rubbish dump and
sewage (4)
APPENDIX 3
RISK ASSESSMENTS and PRIORITISATION
Table 1: Economic (Calculations using Table 12)
Ref
Key Considerations from Community Needs (see Threat
also Table 3 from Appendix 2)
1
Pangai District
1.1
No. 1 ranked priorities
1.1.1 Improve villages’ water supply
3
1.1.2 Education – increase number of teachers
3
Vulnerability
Consequence
Risk
Scores
3
3
5
3
a,b,d
3
a,d,e
4
a,b,c,e
5
2
a,b
45
27
36
3
4
a,b,c,e
4
a,b,d,e
5
3
3
5
5
45
45
3
4
a,b,c,d
4
a b,c,e
36
1.1.3
Education - establish a form 7,
3
3
1.1.4
Education - vocational studies
3
3
1.1.5
1.1.6
Education - improve resources
6 HDC members from Ha’apai
3
3
3
2
1.2
1.2.1
No. 2 ranked priorities
Foreshore protection
3
3
1.2.2
3
1/2/3
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.4
1.4.1
Improve MOH resources such as increasing staff 3
number, x-ray machine, mortuary
Cruise-ship to arrive in Ha’apai
3
No.3 ranked priorities
Pave agricultural roads
3
Improve wharf
3
No.4 ranked priorities
Village fence
3
1.4.2
Proper rubbish dump and sewage
3
3
1.5
1.5.1
No.5 ranked priority
Inter-island – ferry
3
3
4
a,b,c,e
36
2
2.1
2.1.1
3
3
5
45
2.2
2.2.1
Foa district
No.1 rank priority
Improve water supply system - replacing old water
pumps and replace old pipes
No.2 ranked priorities
Vehicle for school children
3
2
18
2.2.2
More teachers to primary schools
3
3
2.2.3
Form 7
3
3
3
a,b,e
3
a,b,d
3
a,b.e
2.3
No. 3 ranked priority
72
27
36
45
12
36
45
36
27
27
Ref
2.3.1
Key Considerations from Community Needs (see Threat
also Table 3 from Appendix 2)
Market for women’s weaving
3
2,4
2.4.1
2.5
2.5.1
No.4 ranked priority
Paving of roads
No.5 ranked priority
Village fence
3
3
5
45
3
3
4
a,b,c.d
36
2.6
2.6.1
No.6 ranked priority
Fishing boat
3
3
4
a,b,c,e
36
3
3.1
3.1.1
Ha’ano District
No.1 ranked priorities
Village Fence
3
3
36
3.1.2
Market for women’s weaving
3
3
4
a,b,c.d
4
a,b,c,e
3.2
3.2.1
No.2 ranked priorities
Subsidize paying of power bills
3
2
18
3.2.2
3
3
5
45
3.3.2
3.3.3
Extra water tank for Ha’ano & Muitoa, extra water 3
catchment
No.3 ranked priorities
3
Dredging of Ha’ano, Pukotala and Mo’unga’one
wharves
Paving of Ha’ano island roads
3
Ice-block making machine
3
3
a,c,e
5
3
3
45
36
3.3.4
Mowing machines for all villages
2
2
5
4
a,b,c,e
3
a,b.c
4
4.1
4.1.1
‘Uiha District
No.1 ranked priorities
More teachers for primary school/DVD
3
3
27
4.1.2
Ice-block making machine
3
3
4.1.3
4.1.4
Solar powered water pump
District boat
3
3
3
3
4.1.5
3
3
4.1.6
Solar powered electricity to alternate with current
diesel power
***
Solar light
***
3
a,b,d
4
a,b,c,e
5
4
a,b,c,e
5
2
2
8
4.1.7
Market for weaving and fishing
3
3
2
a,c
4
3.3
3.3.1
73
Vulner- Conseability
quence
3
4
a,b,c,e
Risk
Scores
36
36
45
12
36
45
36
45
36
Ref
Key Considerations from Community Needs (see Threat
also Table 3 from Appendix 2)
Vulnerability
Consequence
a,b,c,e
Risk
Scores
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
No.2 ranked priorities
Road
Tourism
Agricultural tractor
3
3
3
3
3
2
5
5
4
a,b,c,e
45
45
24
5
5.1
5.1.1
‘Otumu’omu’a District
No.1 ranked priorities
Market for women’s weaving and fishing
3
3
36
5.1.2
5.2
5.2.1
Nomuka Wharf
No.2 ranked priority
Dentist
3
3
4
a,b,c,e
5
3
3
4
a,b,d,e
36
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
No.3 ranked priorities
Increase water catchment
Ice-Block Machine
3
3
3
3
45
36
5.3.3
Inter-island boat
3
3
5.3.4
Village fence/pig fence
3
3
5
4
a,b,c,e
4
a,b,c,e
4
a,b,c,d
5.4
5.4.1
6
6.1
6.1.1
No.4 ranked priorities
Nomuka Roads
Lulunga District
All No.1 ranked priorities
Village fence
3
3
5
45
3
3
36
6.1.2
6/1.3
Water catchment
Boat
3
3
3
3
6.1.4
Ice- Block making machine
3
3
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
6.1.8
Beacon lights for the wharf
Solar power
***
Foreshore
Improvement for health facility such as delivery room
and dentist
Improvement of Ha’afeva wharf
Summary of Projects: Pangai 14, Foa 8, Ha’ano 8.
‘Uiha 10. ‘Otumu’omu’a 8, Lulunga 9. Total = 57
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
a,b,c,d
5
4
a,b,c,e
4
a,b,c,e
5
5
6.1.9
74
4 a,b,d,e
4
a,b,d,e
45
36
36
45
36
36
45
45
36
36
Table 2 : Social (Calculations using Table 13)
Ref
Key Considerations from Community Needs (see Threat
also Table 3 from Appendix 3)
1
Pangai District
1.1
No. 1 ranked priorities
1.1.1 Improve villages’ water supply
3
1.1.2 Education – increase number of teachers
3
1.1.3 Education - establish a form 7,
3
Vulnerability
Consequence
Risk
Scores
3
3
3
5
5
3
a,b,c
4
a,b,c,d
5
4
b,c,d,e
45
45
27
3
3
5
5
45
45
3
4
a,b,c,d
36
3
3
3
3
5
5
45
45
3
3
3
3
5
5
45
45
3
3
5
45
3
3
5
45
3
2
4
a,b,c,d
4
a,b,c,e
3
a,b.c
24
1.1.4
Education - vocational studies
3
3
1.1.5
1.1.6
Education - improve resources
6 HDC members from Ha’apai
3
3
3
3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
No. 2 ranked priorities
Foreshore protection
3
Improve MOH resources such as increasing staff 3
number, x-ray machine, mortuary
Cruise-ship to arrive in Ha’apai
3
1/2/3
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.5
1.5.1
2
2.1
2.1.1
36
45
36
2.2
2.2.1
No.3 ranked priorities
Pave agricultural roads
Improve wharf
No.4 ranked priorities
Village fence
Proper rubbish dump and sewage
No.5 ranked priority
Inter-island – ferry
Foa district
No.1 rank priority
Improve water supply system - replacing old water
pumps and replace old pipes
No.2 ranked priorities
Vehicle for school children
2.2.2
More teachers to primary schools
3
3
2.2.3
Form 7
3
3
2.3
2.3.1
No. 3 ranked priority
Market for women’s weaving
3
3
4
a,b,c,e
36
2,4
2.4.1
2.5
No.4 ranked priority
Paving of roads
No.5 ranked priority
3
3
5
45
75
36
27
Ref
2.5.1
2.6
2.6.1
Key Considerations from Community Needs (see Threat
also Table 3 from Appendix 3)
Village fence
3
No.6 ranked priority
Fishing boat
3
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
Ha’ano District
No.1 ranked priorities
Village Fence
Market for women’s weaving
3
3
3
3
5
4
a,b,c,e
45
36
3.2
3.2.1
No.2 ranked priorities
Subsidize paying of power bills
3
2
18
3.2.2
3
3
5
45
3.3.2
3.3.3
Extra water tank for Ha’ano & Muitoa, extra water 3
catchment
No.3 ranked priorities
3
Dredging of Ha’ano, Pukotala and Mo’unga’one
wharves
Paving of Ha’ano island roads
3
Ice-block making machine
3
3
a,b,e
5
3
3
45
36
3.3.4
Mowing machines for all villages
2
2
5
4
a,b,c,e
3
a,b.d
4
4.1
4.1.1
‘Uiha District
No.1 ranked priorities
More teachers for primary school/DVD
3
3
36
4.1.2
Ice-block making machine
3
3
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
3
3
3
3
3
3
4.1.6
Solar powered water pump
District boat
Solar powered electricity to alternate with current
diesel power
***
Solar light
***
4
a,b,d
4
a,b,c,e
5
5
5
2
2
4.1.7
Market for weaving and fishing
3
3
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
No.2 ranked priorities
Road
Tourism
Agricultural tractor
3
3
3
3
3
2
5
5.1
‘Otumu’omu’a District
No.1 ranked priorities
3.3
3.3.1
76
Vulner- Conseability
quence
3
5
Risk
Scores
45
3
3
a,b,d
27
2
a,b
4
a,b,c,e
5
5
3
a,b,d
45
12
36
45
45
45
8
36
45
45
18
Ref
5.1.1
Key Considerations from Community Needs (see Threat
also Table 3 from Appendix 3)
Market for women’s weaving and fishing
3
5.1.2
5.2
5.2.1
Nomuka Wharf
No.2 ranked priority
Dentist
3
Vulner- Conseability
quence
3
4
a,b,c,e
3
5
3
3
4
a,b,d,e
36
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
No.3 ranked priorities
Increase water catchment
Ice-Block Machine
3
3
3
3
45
36
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.4
5.4.1
6
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6/1.3
6.1.4
Inter-island boat
Village fence/pig fence
No.4 ranked priorities
Nomuka Roads
Lulunga District
All No.1 ranked priorities
Village fence
Water catchment
Boat
Ice- Block making machine
3
3
3
3
5
4
a,b,c,e
5
5
45
45
3
3
5
45
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
45
45
45
36
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
6.1.8
Beacon lights for the wharf
Solar power
***
Foreshore
Improvement for health facility such as delivery room
and dentist
Improvement of Ha’afeva wharf
Summary of Projects: Pangai 14, Foa 8, Ha’ano 8.
‘Uiha 10. ‘Otumu’omu’a 8, Lulunga 9. Total = 57
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
4
a,b,c,e
5
5
5
4
a,b,d,e
5
6.1.9
77
Risk
Scores
36
45
45
45
45
36
45
Table 3 : OICs Social Needs (Calculations using Table 13)
Ref
Key Considerations from OIC Needs
Threat
1
1.1
1.2
2
2.1
2.2
Police priority needs
Sub-station for Kauvai and Lulunga Districts as
they cannot deal with complaints promptly
Support a new intra inter-island ferry for Ha’apai
MEWAC priority needs
Repair old boat or have a new one
More primary school teachers
2.3
Vulner- Conseq- Risk
ability uence
Score
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
More high school teachers
3
3
2.4
Form 7
3
3
2.5
Vocational studies
3
3
2.6
More staff quarters
3
3
2.7
3
3.1
Toilet septic (upgrade ?)
MAFFF priority needs
Bad road affect production
3
3
3
3
3.2
Pigs affect production
3
3
3.3
3.4
No boat for field inspection
Food security, especially food crops
3
3
3
3
3.5
Ice block making
3
2
4
4.1
3
3
5
45
3
3
18
3
3
2
a,d
4
a,c,d,e
5
5.1
MOFNP priority needs
Boat for civil servant pay, especially Lulunga
and ‘Otumu’omu’a which now 2 monthly pay.
Custom Department building for inspection of
yachts
Office WC and septic tank is a health and
environment hazard (located at seashore)
MOTEYS priority needs
No sport equipment
3
3
5.2
No vehicle for training
3
2
5.3
No gym for the Ha’apai Community
3
3
6
MOH priority needs
4.2
4.3
78
3
a, b, e
5
27
5
4
a, b, c, e
4
a, b, c, e
4
a, b, c, e
4
a, b, c, e
3
a,b,c
5
45
36
4
a,b,d,e
4
a,b,d,e
5
4
a,b,d,e
3
a,b,d
3
a,b,d
3
a,b,d
3
a,b,d
45
36
36
36
27
45
36
36
45
36
18
36
27
18
27
3
3
5
45
6.2
Intra-island ferry for month visits to islands, Old
boat not working
Foreshore
3
3
27
6.3
Waste to be transported to Tonga (by Air NZ)
3
3
6.4
3
3
7
7.1
7.2
Medical equipment - X-ray machine. No ‘Aisi
mate. No oxygen plant
MLCI priority needs
Boat for inspection
Government flat
3
a,b,d
4
a,c,d,e
4
a,c,d,e
3
3
3
3
5
3
a,b,d
45
27
8
8.1
MOW priority needs
Lifuka road – both main and agricultural roads
3
3
36
8.2
Need plant and equipment - stone crusher,
caterpillar (excavator ???)
MOT priority needs
Boat for beacon maintenance
Need to relocate MOT office
3
3
4
a,b,d,e
3
a,b,d
3
3
3
2
45
12
3
3
9.4
Driving license making apparatus in Ha’apai –
since Nov. 2009, no license has been issued and
drivers are complaining
Office vehicle
5
2
a,d
4
a,b,d,e
3
3
27
9.5
Wharf safety – there is an oil depot at the wharf
3
3
3
a,b,d
4
a,b,d,e
6.1
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
Summary of Projects: Police 2, MEWAC 7,
MAFFF 5, MOFNP 3, MOTEYS 3, MOH 4,
MLCI 2, MOW 2, MOT 5 Total= 33
79
36
36
27
36
36
Table 4 : OICs Economic Needs (Calculations using Table 12)
Ref
Key Considerations from OIC Needs
Threat Vulnerability
1
Police priority needs
1.1
Sub-station for Kauvai and Lulunga Districts as
3
3
they cannot deal with complaints promptly
1.2
Support a new intra inter-island ferry for Ha’apai 3
3
2
2.1
MEWAC priority needs
Repair old boat or have a new one
3
3
2.2
More primary school teachers
3
3
2.3
More high school teachers
3
3
2.4
Form 7
3
3
2.5
Vocational studies
3
3
2.6
More staff quarters
3
3
2.7
Toilet septic (upgrade ?)
3
3
3
3.1
3.2
MAFFF priority needs
Bad road affect production
Pigs affect production
3
3
3
3
3.3
No boat for field inspection
3
3
3.4
Food security, especially food crops
3
3
3.5
4
4.1
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
5.1
Ice block making
MOFNP priority needs
Boat for civil servant pay, especially Lulunga
and ‘Otumu’omu’a which now 2 monthly pay.
Custom Department building for inspection of
yachts
Office WC and septic tank is a health and
environment hazard (located at seashore)
MOTEYS priority needs
No sport equipment
3
3
5.2
No vehicle for training
3
2
5.3
No gym for the Ha’apai Community
3
3
4.2
4.3
80
Conseq- Risk
uence
Score
2
a, c
4
a,b,c,e
18
36
4
a,b,c,e
4
a, b, c, e
4
a, b, c, e
4
a, b, c, e
4
a, b, c, e
3
a,b,c
4
a,b,c,e
36
5
4
a,b,c,e
4
a,b,c,e
4
a,b,c,e
5
45
36
4
a,b,c,e
4
a,b,c,e
3
a,b,d,
36
3
a,b,d
3
a,b,e
3
a,b,d
27
36
36
36
36
27
36
36
36
30
36
27
18
27
Ref
Key Considerations from OIC Needs
Threat
Vulner- Conseq- Risk
ability uence
Score
6
6.1
6.2
MOH priority needs
Intra-island ferry for month visits to islands, Old
boat not working
Foreshore
3
3
3
3
6.3
Waste to be transported to Tonga (by Air NZ)
3
3
6.4
3
3
7
7.1
Medical equipment - X-ray machine. No ‘Aisi
mate. No oxygen plant
MLCI priority needs
Boat for inspection
3
3
7.2
Government flat
3
3
8
8.1
8.2
3
3
9
9.1
MOW priority needs
Lifuka road – both main and agricultural roads
Need plant and equipment - stone crusher,
caterpillar (excavator ???)
MOT priority needs
Boat for beacon maintenance
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
4
a,b,c,e
3
a,b,d
4
a,b,c,d,
4
a,b,c,d,
36
4
a,b,c,e
3
a,b,d
36
3
3
5
5
45
45
3
3
36
Need to relocate MOT office
3
2
Driving license making apparatus in Ha’apai –
since Nov. 2009, no license has been issued and
drivers are complaining
Office vehicle
3
3
4
a,b,c,e
2
a,d
5
3
3
27
Wharf safety – there is an oil depot at the wharf
Summary of Projects: Police 2, MEWAC 7,
MAFFF 5, MOFNP 3, MOTEYS 3, MOH 4,
MLCI 2, MOW 2, MOT 5 Total= 33
3
3
3
a,b,d
5
81
27
36
36
27
12
45
45
APPENDIX 4
LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED
Table 1: Government Organisations, NGOs and Private Sector in Tongatapu
Date
Organisations
Persons Met
Venue
16/6/10
MAFFF
Manuele Moala
MFNP Conference Room, TDB
17/6/10
MLSNR
‘Ofa Sefana, Enegy Planner
MEWAC
MECC
MOTEYS
MOT
Dr. Uiliami Fukofuka, Director
‘Asipeli Palaki, Lupe Matoto
Dr. Taniela Fusimalohi, Director
Sione ‘Akau’ola, Acting Secretary
MOH
Tourism
Tu’akoi ‘Ahio,
Sandra Dee Fonua, Kapreen
Ve’etutu
Tatafu Moeaki, Secretary
MLCI
18/6/10
Fisheries
Statistics
Red Cross
Tonga Police
21/6/10
MOW and Disaster
Management
NGOs
TDB
9/7/10
Civil Society
12/8/10
Private Sector
Dr. Vailala Matoto
‘Ata’ata Finau, Government
Statistician
Sione Taumoefolau, Secretary Gen.
Christopher Kelly, Police
Commander
Leveni ‘Aho, Acting Director
Maliu Takai, Deputy Director
Fuiva Kavaliku – Advisor
Langafonua; Sione Faka’osi –
Director, Tonga Trust; Katokakala
Savieti – Tonga Red Cross; Savelio
‘Atuekaho – Director of Education Church of Tonga
Simione Sefanaia, Managing
Director
Venessa Lolohea (National Youth
Congress)Lopeti Faka’osi (Civil
Society)
Va’inga Palu, President, Tonga
Manufacturing Association
Edgar Cocker, Tonga Manufacturing
Association
Stafford ‘Aho, Tonga Tourist
Association
Viliami Tiseli, CEO, Growers
Federation of Tonga
82
Energy Planning Office,
MLSNR
Director’s Office, MEWAC
MECC, Conference Room
MOTEYS Conference Room
Secretary’s Office, Dupincia
Building
MOH
Conference Room, TVB
Building
Conference Room, MLCI
Building
CEO Office, Fisheries
Statisitics Department
Red Cross
Tonga Police
MOW
MOFNP Conference Room,
Tonga Development Bank
Building.
TDB
MOFNP
MOFNP
Date
Organisations
Persons Met
Paumolevuka Likiliki, Tonga Fishery
Association
Venue
Table 2: Ha’apai Government Departments
DATE: 21/7/10 , TIME: 11:00AM, VENUE: Ha’apai High School Hall
NAME
DEPARTMENT
1. Viliami Vea
Ministry of Education Women Affairs & Culture
2. ‘Olivia Mafile’o
Do
3. ‘Aisake Fifita
Ministry for Labour, Commerce & Industries
4. Tevita Vakasiuola
Ministry of Health
5. Sione Telefoni
Ministry of Training, Employment, Youth and S
6. Katokakala Langi
Tonga Visitors Bureau
7. ‘Okusitino Petelo
Tonga Police
8. Viliami T. Latu
Governor Office Ha’apai
9. Semisi Fainga’anuku
Tonga Defense Force
10. Malakai Afeaki
Ministry of Works
11. ‘Ana Liuaki
Ministry of Transport
12. Tevita Tukunga
Ministry of Agriculture, Forests, Fisheries & Food
13. Sailosi ‘Alofi
Do
Table 3: Six Districts In Ha’apai
1. LULUNGA DISTRICT – Ha’afeva, Matuku, Tungua, ‘O’ua, Fotuha’a, Kotu
DATE: 14/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: Church of Tonga Hall, Ha’afeva
Names
Village/Island
A. Women
1. Keasi Fifita
‘O’ua
2. ‘Elenoa Vaea
Ha’afeva
3. Falahola Fifita
Ha’afeva
4. Meleane Mafua
‘O’ua
5. Pielina Moli
Tungua
6. Loleta Leha
Fotuha’a
7. Meleane Lupe Mafi
Kotu
8. Toekava Pule’anga
Kotu
9. Katalina Tonga
Tungua
10. Ma’ata Vea
Tungua
11. Teuteu Lasitani
Tungua
12. Kika Fituafe
Matuku
13. Lotolua Mei
Ha’afeva
B. Men
14. Mana Pepa
Matuku
15. Tatafu Ha’unga
Ha’afeva
83
DATE: 14/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: Church of Tonga Hall, Ha’afeva
Names
Village/Island
16. ‘Asipeli Niupalau
‘O’ua
17. Kisione Taulani
Ha’afeva
18. Halapua Pule’anga
Kotu
19. Pau’u Vangana
Kotu
20. Peni Fisilau
Tungua
21. Koli Tala’aho Fituafe
Matuku
22. Uatesoni Afu
Ha’afeva
23. Viliami Lepani Fifita
Ha’afeva
24. Taiamoni Lauola
Fotuha’a
25. Sifa Fualalo
Fotuha’a
26. ‘Inoke Vaomotu
Fotuha’a
27. Vaikalafi Taufa
‘O’ua
28. Lisiate Havealeta
Ha’afeva
2. MU’OMU’A DISTRICT – Nomuka, Fonoifua, Mango
DATE: 15/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: Community Hall, Nomuka
Names
Village/Island
A. Women
1. Wyn Lamata Afu
Fonoifua
2. Mele Finau Moala
Fonoifua
3. Faka’anaua Mesui
Fonoifua
4. ‘Amelia Manoa
Nomuka
5. Fisi’ikolone Tupou
Nomuka
6. Vahengalu Topui
Mango
7. ‘Otolose Pau’u
Nomuka
8. ‘Ilaise Taufa
Nomuka
9. Tupou Taufa
Nomuka
B. Men
10. Uate Tauhelangi
Nomuka
11. Sulaki Kafoika
Mango
12. Salesi Mesui
Fonoifua
13. Tevita Uata
Fonoi
14. Samiuela Taufa
Nomuka
15. Loutoni Lemani
Mango
16. Mosese Moala
Nomuka
17. Siaosi Faitangane
Nomuka
18. Pulonga Iki
Nomuka
19. Mate Fukofuka
Nomuka
20. Pahulu Tu’ipulotu
Nomuka
21. Kesomi Latu
Nomuka
84
3. ‘UIHA DISTRICT – ‘Uiha, Felemea, Lofanga
DATE: 16/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: LDS Hall, ‘Uiha
Names
Village/Island
A. Women
1. Kilisitina Paongo
Lofanga
2. Molina Fifita
Felemea
3. Heu Keiti Niutupu’ivaha
‘Uiha
4. Kaloni ‘Aholelei
Felemea
5. Litea Alofi
‘Uiha
6. Lavinia Niumeitolu
‘Uiha
7. Naulangi Tauki’uvea
Felemea
B. Men
7.Sosaia Niumeitolu
‘Uiha
8. Viliami Paongo
Lofanga
9. Vilitonu Paongo
Lofanga
13. Tevita Polo
Lofanga
14. ‘Esala Suli
Lofanga
15. Kisione Tauki’uvea
Felemea
16. Molitoni Paongo
Lofanga
17. Sione Fonua
Felemea
18.Limoni Lutui
‘Uiha
19. ‘Opeti Tolu
‘Uiha
20. Fine Molisi
‘Uiha
21.Malakai ‘Anau
‘Uiha
22. Senano Niumeitolu
‘Uiha
23. Melino Kinikini
‘Uiha
4. HA’ANO DISTRICT – Ha’ano, Pukotala, Fakakai, Muitoa, Mo’unga’one
DATE: 19/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: Community Hall, Ha’ano
Names
Village/Island
A. Women
1. ‘Amelia Afu
Ha’ano
2. Mele Taungakava
Ha’ano
3. Losena Moa
Pukotala
4. Moana Uele
Fakakakai
5. Sinama Hafoka
Fakakakai
6. Fine Tu’imoala
Pukotala
B. Men
7.’Unaloto Fehoko
Fakakakai
8. Valingi Langi
Muitoa
9. Kasitati Vea
Muitoa
85
DATE: 19/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: Community Hall, Ha’ano
Names
Village/Island
10. Paula Tu’itavuki
Ha’ano
11. Mo’ale Falesiu
Pukotala
12. ‘Isileli Nusi
Muitoa
13. Salesi Muli
Mo’unga’one
14.Pakofe Taufa
Pukotala
15.Taani Fifita
Ha’ano
16. Sione Tu’imoala
Pukotala
17.Kelepi ‘Otunuku
Fakakakai
18. Mataele Filihia
Mo’unga’one
19. Sione Lolohea
Fakakakai
20. Siosifa Niua
Fakakakai
21. Makalolongo Katoa
Mo’unga’one
22. Saia Langi
Muitoa
23. Viliami Havea
Ha’ano
24. Paula Lui
Pukotala
25. Kavauhi
Mo’unga’one
5. FOA DISTRICT – Lotofoa, Faleloa, Ha’afakahenga, Ha’ateiho Si’i, Fotua, Fangale’ounga
DATE: 20/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: Community Hall, Lotofoa
Names
Village/Island
A. Women
1. Mele Tapueluelu
Lotofoa
2. ‘Otolose Makaafi
Faleloa
3. Hone Taumoe’anga
Faleloa
4. Haiti Hala
Lotofoa
5. Lavinia Taufa
Lotofoa
6. Tuluvalea Lomu
Fotua
B. Men
7.Saumaki Koloi
Lotofoa
8. Sio Manu
Faleloa
9. Tevita Vakalahi
Lotofoa
10. Vaea Tangitau
Faleloa
11. Viliami Faka’osifolau
Faleloa
12. Sione Palu
Ha’afakahenga
13. Potaufa Talakai
Ha’ateihosi’i
14.Pelea Tu’ivailala
Ha’ateihosi’i
15.Taani Leha
Ha’ateihosi’i
16. Kaingaloa Koula
Faleloa
17.Taani Fekitoa
Ha’afakahenga
18. Lavaka Lafo’ou
Ha’afakahenga
19. Pasi Lavaka
Lotofoa
20. Sione Vakalahi
Faleloa
21. Tu’ipulotu Fonua
Ha’afakahenga
22. ‘Ofa. K. Taka
Ha’afakahenga
86
DATE: 20/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: Community Hall, Lotofoa
Names
Village/Island
23. Tevita Lavaka
Lotofoa
24. ‘Alani Kauhiki
Fotua
25. Silivenusi Televave
Fotua
26. Sunia Napa’a
Lotofoa
27. Tana Kavakava
Lotofoa
28. Viliami Tukutau
Lotofoa
29. ‘Ulu Tamale
Fangale’ounga
30. Sione Tupou
Fangale’ounga
31. ‘Alifeleti Launoa
Fotua
6. LIFUKA DISTRICT – Pangai, Hihifo, Holopeka, Koulo
DATE: 20/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: Ha’apai High School Hall, Pangai
Names
Village/Island
A. Women
1. ‘Ungatea Paletu’a
Pangai
2. ‘Ofa Kiole
Holopeka
3. Mele Mausia
Pangai
4. Finau Taumoepeau
Pangai
5. Mele Halaevalu Latu
Pangai
6. Vai Pahulu
Koulo
7. Mele Le’ota
Hihifo
8. Langilangi Vi
Pangai
9. Mele Hu’avi
Holopeka
10. Leonita kofe
Koulo
11. Tule Tonga
Hihifo
12. Talahiva Laumanu
Hihifo
13. Salamasina Le’ota
Hihifo
B. Men
14.Papa Kulitapa
Koulo
15. Viliami Molitika
Koulo
16. Filinita Mafi
Pangai
17. Tevesi Vi
Pangai
18. Latiume Kaufusi
Hihifo
19. Linai Kaivei
Koulo
20. Penisimani Taufa
Koulo
21. Mo’ale Finau
Hihifo
22. Paula Finau
Hihifo
23. Kelekolio Fe’ao
Pangai
24. Monitiveti Lauaki
Hihifo
25. Pita Vi
Pangai
26. ‘Inoke Fono
Holopeka
27. Sione Vi
Holopeka
28. Tevita Tapu
Holopeka
87
DATE: 20/7/10, TIME: 10:00, VENUE: Ha’apai High School Hall, Pangai
Names
Village/Island
29. Lisiate Kofe
Koulo
30. Latu Sitaleki
Pangai
31. Taufu’I Tohi
Pangai
32. ‘Ofa Pahulu
Pangai
33. Langi Tonga’onevai
Hihifo
34. Moimoi Fakahua
Pangai
35. Talia’uli Toutai
Hihifo
36. Maikolo Talanoa
Hihifo
37. Sione Paletu’a
Koulo
88