2010 - Saïd Business School
Transcription
2010 - Saïd Business School
ANNUAL REVIEW 2010 OXFORD UNIVERSITY CENTRE FOR CORPORATE REPUTATION Saïd Business School UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD ANNUAL REVIEW 2010 02 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2010 03 Rupert Younger, Director CONTENTS 03 04 06 21 22 26 27 30 31 32 34 WELCOME FROM THE DIRECTOR OUR PEOPLE RESEARCH AND PROJECTS CASE STUDIES REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2010 EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH FELLOWS VISITING PROFESSOR VISITING FELLOWS PRINCIPAL EVENTS 2010 APPENDIX PUBLICATIONS: JOURNALS; CONFERENCE PAPERS; SEMINARS, WORKSHOPS, LECTURES AND INVITED PRESENTATIONS; WORKING PAPERS. Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation Saïd Business School Park End Street Oxford OX1 1HP United Kingdom T: +44 (0) 1865 288900 F: +44 (0) 1865 278820 www.sbs.oxford.edu/reputation WELCOME Welcome to the 2010 Annual Review. In this, our third year, a set of coherent reputation themes has emerged and we have stepped up our teaching. In a year when crisis has dominated the corporate landscape, we have started to become a destination for comment and insight into damaged reputations and the related issue of reputation recovery. The highlight of this year’s research calendar was our first academic symposium in September when we welcomed many of the world’s leading scholars in the field of reputation to Oxford. 35 scholars from the UK, Europe, Asia and the US spent three days with us at Jesus College discussing and debating the concepts of reputation, the strategies employed to influence it, and its role as a regulatory mechanism. The papers discussed at the symposium are being collected together in a new book – The Oxford University Handbook of Corporate Reputation – which will be published by Oxford University Press in 2012. A number of our distinguished International Research Fellows also attended the symposium. Their advice and engagement with us is a major feature of our success and momentum to date. We were also delighted to announce the appointment of Professor David Whetten as the Centre’s first Visiting Professor. Professor Whetten, a highly-regarded scholar in the fields of organisational identity and reputation, is based at Brigham Young University in Utah. He will be spending several weeks a year here with us at Oxford and will be chairing next year’s reputation symposium. In addition, we made our first Annual Award for the Best Published Paper at the symposium to Tillmann Wagner, Professor of Marketing at Otto Beisheim School of Management in Germany, who together with his co-authors, published Corporate Hypocrisy: Overcoming the Threat of Inconsistent Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions, published in the Journal of Marketing. The symposium provided a forum for discussion of the four reputation themes that we have developed within the Centre. Early discussions at the symposium and with the Visiting Fellows, coupled with a rigorous analysis of the literature, have suggested these themes as core concepts around which the study of reputation can be organised. We have welcomed a number of scholars to the Centre during the year, and have received and funded a number of major research proposals. New research includes projects on corruption and reputation, the reputation of the Japanese banking system and strategy communications and their impact on reputation. We have had an active teaching year. Once again, in June, we hosted a group of senior executives from major corporations around the world in an invitation only programme looking at Reputation and Executive Leadership. In addition, we have run bespoke programmes for major corporations and have contributed reputation modules to the MFE programme and to Executive Education programmes run at the Saïd Business School. We are also developing new teaching case studies, including a series on extractive industries and reputation. also delivered Oxford Distinguished Speaker lectures here at the Saïd Business School, addressing audiences from the school’s MBA student body and from the wider Oxford community. We remain extremely grateful for their wisdom, engagement and advice. As the Centre builds its store of knowledge, so we will be taking a more proactive and engaged approach to being a market commentator. During the year, we have been asked to comment on reputation trends and cases. 2010 saw a series of major corporate crises, and reputation recovery became a consistent theme on which we have engaged with news outlets ranging from TV through to national newspapers and specialist trade publications. As we develop our agenda, our research will continue to be of relevance in helping shape and inform commentary. Finally, I am pleased to welcome our new Deputy Director, Jeni Giambona, who joined the Centre in September 2010. Jeni brings with her a wealth of knowledge and skill in managing research centres and conducting research, thus strengthening our hard working and dedicated administrative team. Rupert Younger Director Our Visiting Fellows continued to play an active role in the life of the Centre, many of them joining our June Executive Leadership programme as speakers, sharing their experiences and expertise with our participants. Five of our Visiting Fellows 04 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2010 05 OUR PEOPLE CENTRE EXECUTIVE RESEARCH STAFF Rupert Younger is the Centre’s Director having devised and led the initiative to create the Centre over the past 3 years. A co-founder of financial communications firm Finsbury, he brings over twenty years of management and financial reputation expertise to the role. Dr Liz Dávid-Barrett joined the Centre in October 2010 as a Research Fellow working with Dr Christopher McKenna. Jeni Giambona, whose background is in higher education, joined the Centre in September 2010 as Deputy Director. Emily Baker the Centre Administrator and PA to the Directors has been working in the Centre since its formation in 2008. Julia Banfield became the Centre’s Publications and Media Editor in 2010. Dr David Barron, University Reader in Organisational Sociology, was appointed in January 2008 as Programme Director for Reputation and Organisational Behaviour. Dr Kunal Basu, University Reader in Marketing, was appointed in January 2008 as Programme Director for Reputation and Marketing. Blake Clayton, DPhil student, was awarded a four year doctoral affiliation with the Centre in 2008, working with Dr David Barron. Dr William Harvey joined the Centre in 2009 as a Research Fellow working with Professor Tim Morris. Dr Christopher McKenna, University Reader in Business History and Strategy, was appointed in January 2008 as Programme Director for Reputation and Strategy. Professor Tim Morris, Professor of Management Studies, was appointed in January 2008 as Programme Director for Reputation, Organisational Structures and Governance. Professor Alan Morrison, Professor of Finance, was appointed in January 2008 as Programme Director for Reputation and Finance. Milena Mueller, DPhil student, was awarded a four year doctoral affiliation with the Centre in 2008, working with Dr Kunal Basu. Dr Steve New, University Lecturer in Operations Management, was appointed in January 2008 as Programme Director for Reputation and Operations. Dr Ken Okamura joined the Centre in September 2010 as a Researcher working with Professor Alan Morrison. Dr Rowena Olegario joined the Centre in 2009 as a Senior Research Fellow and Case Study Editor. Andrea Polo, DPhil student, was awarded a doctoral affiliation with the Centre in 2009, working with Professor Colin Mayer. Dr Meredith Rolfe joined the Centre in October 2008 as a Senior Research Fellow working with Dr David Barron. Dr Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb joined the Centre in October 2008 as a Research Fellow working with Dr Chris McKenna. Dr Aaron Thegeya joined the Centre in 2009 as a Research Fellow working with Professor Alan Morrison. Dr Basak Yakis-Douglas joined the Centre in 2009 as a Research Fellow working with Professor Richard Whittington. Dr Tamar Yogev joined the Centre in 2009 as a Research Fellow working with Dr Steve New. ASSOCIATES Dr Mark Abrahamson, former Centre Research Fellow, working with Professor Tim Jenkinson and Dr Howard Jones, became an Associate Fellow of Saïd Business School in December 2009. Marco Alverà, Executive Vice President for Russia, North Europe and Americas Region for Eni, became an Associate Fellow of Saïd Business School in May 2009. Professor Thomas Noe, Ernest Butten Professor of Management Studies, Saïd Business School and Professorial Fellow and Director of Management Studies, Balliol College. Dr Kasim Randeree, Research Fellow, BT Centre for Major Programme Management. Professor David Whetten, Jack Wheatley Professor of Organizational Studies at Brigham Young University, became Visiting Professor at the Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation in September 2010. Professor Richard Whittington, Professor of Strategic Management, University of Oxford. Basil Towers, Chairman of Hesleden Partners, became an Associate Fellow of Saïd Business School in October 2010. 06 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2010 07 RESEARCH AND PROJECTS The Centre’s research team is involved in multidisciplinary research into various aspects of corporate reputation. As a Centre, we are identifying common threads within reputation research over the last 25 years. The following themes are emerging: Reputation is Relational Corporations do not directly own their reputations – they are owned by others and consist of perceptions formed by others. Reputation is a relational construct that corporations can influence but not control. Corporations have Multiple Reputations Corporations have a reputation FOR something WITH someone, and therefore have MULTIPLE reputations. Furthermore, these reputations may conflict or contradict each other. Reputation Signals have Value The value of each reputation lies in the signal that it sends – indicating perceived qualities about a firm which, in the absence of full and perfect information, substitute for fact and deliver value. While reputation spill-over clearly exists between different reputations, there is little evidence supporting the existence of a single overarching measure of reputation. Reputation is Intermediated Reputation is constructed through behaviour – which directly signals certain qualities of a corporation – and also through what intermediaries say about a corporation. Companies attempt to influence their reputations through interaction with intermediaries including the financial and consumer media, investors and analysts, celebrities, NGOs and others. The status and position of these different intermediaries dictates the impact they have in reputation formation and destruction. One of the Centre’s distinctive characteristics is to approach the study of reputation from a broad perspective. We have historically organised our research direction through six core programme areas, each led by a senior academic from the University of Oxford. Strategy is led by Chris McKenna, University Reader in Business History and Strategy; Governance is led by Tim Morris, Professor of Management Studies; Behaviour is led by David Barron, University Reader in Organisational Sociology; Marketing is led by Kunal Basu, University Reader in Marketing; Operations is led by Steve New, University Lecturer in Operations Management; Finance is led by Alan Morrison, Professor of Finance. During 2010, we created a seventh programme area focusing specifically on Reputation Theory which will bring a valuable strand of theoretical knowledge on reputation constructs to our research agenda. This group, led by David Whetten, consists of international scholars who have been working in the field of reputation research for many years, many of whom have been appointed as International Research Fellows at the Centre. Their work will complement and inform the six existing core functional research areas based inside the Centre. In the following pages, we describe the Centre’s specific research projects divided by themes. Please note that due to their multidisciplinary nature, some projects contribute to the development of more than one theme. 08 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2010 Professor Thomas H Noe 09 Dr Meredith Rolfe REPUTATION IS RELATIONAL Firm Reputation Formation and Redemption; Theory and Experiment Professor Thomas H Noe, University of Oxford; Professor Michael J Rebello, School of Management, University of Texas at Dallas; Dr Thomas A Rietz, Henry B Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa The aim of the project is to both develop and experimentally test a model of reputation formation when such reputation formation is undertaken through relational interaction, not by an owner/ manager but by professional managers subject to imperfect board oversight. We are in the final stages of writing up a first draft of the theory section of the model and started running the experiments in December 2010. Thomas Noe writes: “Incentive compensation based on financial performance, by itself, cannot control managerial opportunism and maintain reputation in a world where firm's financial statements are verifiable but the actual actions of managers are not. Reputation protection requires either (a) some possibility that professional managers are internally constrained by ethical norms or (b) some sort of perhaps partially effective direct monitoring and supervision by the board. Even when these conditions are satisfied, revising compensation plans without structural reform can never redeem lost reputations. It is hoped that this work may provide guidelines to the general structure of control, recruitment, and compensation plans.” Reputation and Relations: the Dynamics of Reputation Formation Dr Meredith Rolfe and Dr David Barron, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School This project aims to fill two existing gaps in our understanding of corporate reputation. First, we are investigating how individuals translate a scattered set of concerns and issues into a coherent image of a company, and how these individual perceptions are then translated into a globally shared “corporate reputation.” Second, our project focuses on a largely overlooked aspect of reputation: perceived political power and standing in the public sphere. Using a combination of national surveys and experimental protocols, we are able to explore these questions and others. Meredith Rolfe writes: “We have found that existing reputation rankings and measures are not very good at distinguishing the ‘Goliaths’ of the corporate world (financially successful corporations such as banks and oil companies who are not viewed as especially warm or friendly) from the ‘Davids’ (financially successful companies like Google and Apple which are viewed as more competent and warm than the Goliaths). However, we have found that Goliaths do clearly dominate Davids on one critical dimension of corporate reputation: the general public rates them as deserving of more political influence and input into public policy. This previously overlooked political aspect of corporate reputation is likely to be of considerable practical interest, as will our work on how corporate reputation on this dimension is affected by corporate responses to crisis events.” 10 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 Dr Liz Dávid Barrett 11 Milena Mueller CORPORATIONS HAVE MULTIPLE REPUTATIONS REPUTATION RISK WITHIN COMPANIES OPERATING IN CORRUPTION-PRONE ENVIRONMENTS Dr Liz Dávid Barrett and Dr Chris McKenna, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School This project seeks to understand how companies respond to the reputational risk posed by operating in corruption-prone environments. In particular, the project focuses on how companies are responding to the new Bribery Act in the UK, which makes them legally liable for the conduct of their agents. This creates new problems for companies in managing the risks to their reputations arising from their upstream and downstream supply chains. Their reputations are formed in an environment in which they are expected to eschew corruption, but their businesses depend on agents operating in environments where bribe-paying is the norm. The project hypothesizes that companies might respond by increasing vertical integration so as to improve their capacity to monitor individuals’ conduct at certain pressure points. Interviews will be conducted with senior corporate decision-makers to gather data about how they view these risks and to understand what factors affect their strategic responses. Liz Dávid-Barrett writes: “Many companies are unaware of the risks posed by operating in corruption-prone environments. These risks have been amplified by the passage of the Bribery Act in the UK, but also by increasing enforcement of anti-bribery legislation around the world, including in emerging markets. Risks arise particularly from relationships with overseas local agents whose behaviour is difficult to monitor, raising questions about the reputational risk associated with outsourcing. Little is known about internal procedures for assessing and responding to risk. This project will collect data from senior decision-makers to address this gap in the literature. The research will help industry understand how best to respond to changes in laws and social norms regarding bribery, and will be of particular value for companies that operate in emerging markets where corruption is prevalent.” CSR Innovation and Corporate Reputation: a Cross-cultural perspective Dr Kunal Basu and Milena Mueller, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School; with Sourav Mukherji, Associate Professor, Organizations & Strategy, Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore This research project addresses the question of whether companies can create specific reputations through CSR activities. In particular, we explore the motivation of companies to innovate in the CSR domain, the interaction between firms and stakeholders in the process of CSR innovation, the construction of corporate reputation related to CSR innovation and the cultural context in which CSR innovation takes place. The research questions are investigated on the basis of a small-scale comparative case study design. While our aim is to develop a generic approach to studying differences in CSR innovation across cultures, this project will focus on exploring differences in CSR innovation between Europe and India and their impact on reputation. Milena Mueller writes: “We have been extremely fortunate to have been given research access to various major UK and Indian retailers. It has been fascinating to hear from them about CSR as a driver of process and business model innovation in the retail industry. In academic terms, three major insights are expected. We aim to gain a better understanding of the nature and motives for innovative CSR practices; to pursue the theoretical question as to whether a future-oriented phenomenon such as CSR innovation can impact corporate reputation; and to contribute to the discussion of whether the phenomena of CSR innovation and corporate reputation vary in different cultural contexts. We hope to add to the knowledge base regarding successful management of stakeholder relations in the CSR process and to provide guidance as to whether and how companies can distinguish themselves from competitors and create reputations through innovations in the CSR domain.” 12 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 Dr Kasim Randeree Dr Will Harvey CORPORATIONS HAVE MULTIPLE REPUTATIONS continued The Impact of Major Programme Failure on Corporate Reputation Dr Kasim Randeree, BT Centre, Saïd Business School This project explores the multiple reputations at play within a major project and the reputational damage when a major programme fails to achieve its intended outcome on time and within budget. This research investigates the extent to which public bodies and corporations anticipate the likely onset of programme set-backs and failures and the reputation damage limitation methods employed. Kasim Randeree writes: “The research looked at reputational issues by examining lessons learned through a longitudinal survey of past summer Olympic games. The research outcomes carry significant lessons for future Olympic host cities and have broader implications for all mega-sporting events. The findings indicate that history ultimately judges the reputation of any given Olympics by association with its host city, even though the reality may be that other stakeholders are to blame when things go wrong. The lessons for London’s or Rio de Janeiro’s Olympic legacy is that their reputational assets will only accrue based on the efficient interconnectedness of infrastructural resources; successful contingency planning; the effective organisation and execution of the games itself; and transparency in reporting, truthfulness in conduct and accuracy of disseminated information when things do go wrong.” Labour Markets and Global Talent Dr Will Harvey and Professor Tim Morris, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School. This project is part of a broader research agenda which is focusing on reputation formation and management within professional service firms. Our first project is looking at management consultancy companies and in particular the different impressions that internal and external stakeholders hold towards the industry as well as towards particular firms. We are interested in how these impressions differ amongst stakeholders in various countries and conclude that the reputation of professional service firms is sometimes at odds with the quality of the projects they deliver. Will Harvey writes: “Our project finds that a company's reputation is quite different from and often inconsistent with the quality of the projects it delivers and that reputation and quality are built and maintained in distinct ways. Furthermore, within the management consultancy sector, quality is difficult to assess and reputation is often used as a substitute for stakeholders who are less familiar with particular firms. As a result, external stakeholders often confuse reputation and quality. This suggests that some firms hold a better reputation than the quality of their projects and vice versa. We model how reputation and quality may be built and sustained in different ways within management consultancy firms and demonstrate the varying reputations of management consultancies in multiple countries amongst different stakeholders. We not only show how firms can have multiple reputations, but also how they signal their different reputations to clients and potential employees. Highlighting the process of building reputation and quality has important implications for their management.” 13 14 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 Dr Steve New 15 Dr Aaron Thegeya REPUTATION SIGNALS HAVE VALUE Corporate Reputation and the Supply Chain: Provenance, Traceability and Information Dr Steve New and Dr Tamar Yogev, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School Firms are increasingly using complex supply chain management to signal certain reputation qualities. Firms’ reputations can be devastated by episodes relating to supply chain ethics and product safety. To manage the risks associated with these issues, firms are increasingly facing up to the following challenges. How much information should be held about their suppliers’ practices, and those of suppliers’ suppliers and at what cost? To what extent should organisations rely on suppliers’ own accounts of their practices, and to what extent should this be augmented by audit, inspection, or third party certification? We hypothesise that the machinery for constructing and interpreting evidence for these practices in industrial companies shows parallels with the ways in which evidence for provenance, value and authenticity is handled in other markets, notably in contemporary art. Through a series of case studies spanning both sectors, we seek to throw light on the practical challenges and theoretical issues surrounding the interaction of provenance and reputation. Steve New writes: “Our work is showing that there is much about the handling and interpretation of data that is complex, and which perhaps undermines over-simplified narratives about quality and risk. This work has two principal academic ambitions: first, it seeks to move the empirical understanding of how organisations rely on cues and network effects to inform their judgement on contestable criteria; second, it seeks to develop theoretical linkages between reputation, the social construction of quality and the management of supply chains. The work will inform organisations’ efforts to structure and prioritise work on the management of provenance-based reputation.” Investment Banking Structure and Reputation Professor Alan Morrison and Dr Aaron Thegeya, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School; with Professor W. J. Wilhelm and Professor Carola Schenone, McIntire School of Commerce, University of Virginia This research explores reputation signals and networks in investment banking using data on investment banking syndicate composition to examine the ways in which market relationships have evolved in response to technological change, legal and regulatory innovation during the twentieth century. We analyse the movement of senior investment bankers across banks between 1950 and 2002 and investigate whether reputation in investment banking is carried by the investment banker, or by the bank. Further study identifies the key advisors for merger and acquisition deals in the last decade, analysing the importance of reputation in financial advisory transactions by looking at issuer and bank relationships in these transactions. We also explore the legal dimension of financial advisory transactions by looking at relationships between issuers and law firms. Aaron Thegeya writes: “Our preliminary results are striking. We find that investment banking networks were very dispersed in the earlier periods of the data sample, and that banks with high revenues were not necessarily central within banking networks. In the later periods of the sample there is a strong positive correlation between network centrality and revenue. Early analysis indicates that issuers reward banks for being well connected with their peers. The project sheds light upon the changing importance of reputation in investment banking syndicates, and the measurement of investment bank reputation which could help inform the regulatory framework for investment banks.” 16 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 Dr Basak Yakis-Douglas Andrea Polo REPUTATION SIGNALS HAVE VALUE continued Strategy Communications: Adoption, Content and Impacts Professor Richard Whittington, New College & Saïd Business School, University of Oxford and Dr Basak Yakis-Douglas, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School This project analyses the adoption of formal strategy communications by global corporations considering how such strategy communications signal qualities about the corporation to its global intermediaries. In addition to investigating the signals that are communicated, this research hopes to determine the impact of these communications, particularly on shareprices and analyst and media commentary. Basak Yakis-Douglas writes: “We need to understand more about why firms adopt strategy communications and the performance consequences of their doing so. Greater disclosure of strategy has the promise of reducing information asymmetries between investors and corporations, increasing the reputation of corporations within the financial community as measured by stock prices and the willingness of markets to fund long-term and innovative strategies. Our findings reveal that investors care about, and respond to strategy announcements as much as they do to earnings announcements. We also found that carrying out strategy announcements regularly is a significant (and positive) estimator of cumulative abnormal return. Hence, it is possible for firms that carry out regular strategy announcements to have a higher chance of perfecting these communications over time and therefore, an increased chance of establishing control over the direction and scale of their investors’ reactions. Through these announcements, investors can form their own benchmarks for evaluating firms’ reputations.” Using Reputational Sanctions to Enforce Corporate Regulation Professor John Armour, Faculty of Law, University of Oxford; Professor Colin Mayer, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford; Andrea Polo, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School We study the impact of the announcement of enforcement of financial and securities regulation by the UK’s Financial Services Authority and London Stock Exchange on the market price of penalised firms. Since these agencies do not announce enforcement until a penalty is levied, their actions provide a uniquely clean dataset on which to examine the reputational aspect of any sanction as opposed to the absolute financial sanction. Our results have significant implications for understanding both corporate reputation and regulatory policy. Andrea Polo writes: “We observe that the penalised firms’ stock prices experience statistically significant abnormal losses of approximately ten times the financial penalties and compensation paid. We interpret the fall in equity market value in excess of mandated payments as the firms’ reputational loss. This is consistent with theories which suggest that revelation of information of misconduct by a firm sends reputation signals which will cause its trading partners – its customers and investors — to downgrade their assessments of its quality and adversely affect its terms of trade. Consistent with this, the negative share price reactions in our sample are entirely associated with cases where the misconduct involves harm to trading partners, for example, mis-selling financial products and mis-statements in financial reports. Where the wrongdoing affects third parties rather than trading partners (resulting, for example, from failure to comply with rules about money laundering or reporting of trades in other firm’s stocks), there are no statistically significant abnormal returns beyond the amount of financial payments required.” 17 18 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 Ken Okamura REPUTATION SIGNALS HAVE VALUE continued Corporate Reputation in Banking Dr Ken Okamura and Professor Alan Morrison, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School Banks engage in reputation creation, both for themselves and for their borrowers. The project attempts to place a monetary value on such reputation creation and maintenance. It examines the impact on borrowers when their primary relationship bank suffers a reputational loss due to bankruptcy of a particular borrower. It also examines the role played by reputation in the willingness of Japanese banks to support financially distressed borrowers, comparing this to the actions of US banks. Ken Okamura writes: “Despite Japanese banks’ reputation for strong relationships with their borrowers, the impact of bank bankruptcy on the valuation of their borrowers is similar to the bankruptcy of a US bank, with a cost of approximately 10% of market capitalisation. In an analysis of bankrupt firms kept alive by their banks, we found evidence that such banks gave extra life to bankrupt firms, accounting for a third of total loan losses during the Japanese banking crisis. The attempt to maintain reputation in the face of increasing financial problems creates further loan losses and deepens financial crises. Placing a monetary value on reputation and relationships will allow banks and regulators to better understand the costs of bank financial distress and inform regulation in future.” 19 Dr Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb REPUTATION IS INTERMEDIATED Business Journalism and Corporate Decision Making Dr Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School This project aims to address the way in which the media, as a high status reputation intermediary, impacts corporate decisionmaking, how corporations respond to such impacts and to understand the role that business journalists have in creating and influencing corporate reputation in three different markets in Europe - Germany, Italy and the UK. Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb writes “Most scholarship on media relations focuses on PR practice. I argue, however, that good media relations depend less upon reconfiguring PR-journalist interactions, which are fundamentally aligned, than on closer cooperation between PR practitioners and corporate decision-makers. By moving away from a focus on PR practice, and reconsidering the role allocated to the PR function, corporations may improve their media relations and improve their reputation. The first stage data collection and literature review in the UK has been completed. Data collection in Italy will begin in January and in Germany shortly thereafter. This new information will produce interesting crosscultural comparisons." 20 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 Dr Christopher McKenna REPUTATION IS INTERMEDIATED continued Creating Global Institutions to Police Corporate Reputation: The Evolution of Trust and Transparency Dr Christopher McKenna, Dr Rowena Olegario and Dr Jonathan Silberstein-Loeb, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School We are researching the formation of corporate reputation over time and the role of major regulatory intermediaries in that formation. The three main questions our research seeks to address are: 1) How are institutional change and reputation related? 2) How have corporations and other organisations strategically employed reputation? 3) How do they create, sustain and rebuild reputations? Our parallel projects are a series of historical studies that each attempt to understand the creation of modern institutions – the business professions, credit rating agencies, and the press – to police corporate reputation in the marketplace. Chris McKenna writes: “This year was notable for the breadth and extent of our continued research on the origins of corporate reputation. Our seminar series continued to bring prominent academics to Oxford to consider corporate reputation in historical perspective while we were pursuing archival research around the globe including my own in the United States last summer. Our push to make other researchers consider corporate reputation as one of the central elements of the development of the modern economy is bearing fruit with others using the framework for the first time. Participants in our seminar and conference remarked that by asking them to reframe their current research through the lens of corporate reputation, they have discovered a valuable new way to contextualise their research. By framing corporate reputation as a historical phenomenon, we are arguing for a new paradigm in business history that is gaining power.” CASE STUDIES Case Study Editor, Rowena Olegario, reports: The Centre continues to develop case studies that explore how companies create, sustain, lose, and (sometimes) rehabilitate their reputations. In 2010 we completed two case studies, Arcandor, 2004-2009 and Eni’s Sustainability Programmes in the Republic of Congo. The Arcandor case examines the turnaround and eventual collapse of the German-British retail and travel conglomerate. It details the complex problems faced by the CEO who was brought in to save the firm and promotes a discussion of the possible strategies he might have deployed. The case considers how the reputations of Arcandor and its CEO, which evolved during the turnaround, both constrained and enabled the options that were available to save the firm. How Germany’s distinctive business institutions and culture shaped the turnaround strategy is also discussed. The Eni case was the result of a week-long visit by five of the Centre’s researchers to the Italian company’s operations in the Republic of Congo in the autumn of 2009. Currently the world’s seventh-largest multinational oil and gas company, Eni is now the biggest operator in Africa. The case narrates how the firm’s commitment to sustainability evolved out of the values embedded by its first director, Enrico Mattei. Beginning in the 1950s, Eni successfully entered into agreements with African host governments by emphasising that “it is your oil – we are guests” and offering these countries a larger share of oil revenues. Taking the story to the present day, the case asks how Eni’s strong corporate values can evolve to meet the multiple challenges facing the oil and gas industry. Looking ahead, we are developing two cases on the mining company QMM, a subsidiary of Rio Tinto that operates an ilmenite mine in Madagascar. In July 2010, four researchers from the Centre visited the QMM operations in Fort Dauphin, located on Madagascar’s southeastern coast. We learned about the challenges QMM/Rio Tinto faced in reassuring the international community that its mining operations would not compromise the region’s biodiversity, and in persuading local communities that they would benefit from QMM’s presence. Our research involved interviews with QMM/Rio Tinto executives and employees, and a variety of stakeholders, including international and local NGOs, local officials, and community members. The cases on these two reputational challenges – biodiversity and community engagement – are meant to be taught in sequence to illustrate the complex chain of issues QMM faced. Along with the case on Eni, they form a linked set of teaching materials on the extractive industries, their operations in developing countries and sustainability. The QMM cases will be completed by Spring 2011. Rowena Olegario 21 22 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2010 The Centre held its inaugural Reputation Symposium from 15 - 17 September 2010. Academic reputation experts from across the globe gathered in Oxford along with some of the Centre’s International Research Fellows, Visiting Fellows and Centre staff. The output from this first symposium will be the Oxford Handbook of Corporate Reputation which is due to be published in 2012. To launch the event, guests attended dinner at the Divinity School in Oxford where the winners of the Centre's Annual Award for the Best Published Paper relating to reputation were announced. This year’s award was made to Professor Tillmann Wagner, Professor Barton Weitz and Professor Richard Lutz for their Journal of Marketing paper entitled Corporate Hypocrisy: Overcoming the Threat of Inconsistent Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions. Academic discussion of the draft chapters for the Oxford Handbook of Corporate Reputation took place at Jesus College, led by the handbook editors, Michael Barnett, Professor of Strategy, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford and Fellow in Strategy, St. Anne’s College, Oxford and Timothy G. Pollock, Professor of Management, Management and Organization Department, Penn State University, Smeal College of Business. The following papers were presented and discussed. 23 24 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION REPUTATION SYMPOSIUM 2010 ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 continued Making sense of the grab bag of concepts: The interplay amongst image, identity, legitimacy, and reputation Peter Foreman, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Management, Illinois State University; David A. Whetten, Jack Wheatley Professor of Organizational Studies, Director, Brigham Young University Faculty Development Center; Alison Mackey, Assistant Professor of Management, Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University It ain’t what you do, it’s the way that you do it: Reputation and status effects on organizations The importance of reputation in markets: Towards an integration of role and reputation theory Michael Jensen, Associate Professor, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan; Heeyon Kim, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan; Bo Kyung Kim, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan Show me the money? Perceptions, rankings, and other ingredients that make reputation an intangible asset Violina P. Rindova, Ralph Thomas Professor of Business, Department of Management, McCombs School of Business, University of Texas-Austin; Luis Martins, Department of Management, McCombs School of Business, University of Texas-Austin David Barron, University Reader in Organizational Sociology, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford; Meredith Rolfe, Senior Research Fellow, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School , University of Oxford Keeping score: Measures of corporate reputation On being bad: Why stigma is not the same as a bad reputation Naomi A. Gardberg, Baruch College – CUNY, Department of Management; Grahame R. Dowling, Professor, School of Business, University of Technology, Sydney Yuri Mishina, Assistant Professor of Management, Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State University; Cynthia E. Devers, Wisconsin School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Madison What does it mean to be green? Theorizing change in criteria for corporate reputation Mark T. Kennedy, Assistant Professor of Management and Organization, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California; Jay Inghwee Chok, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California; Jingfang Liu, Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California Executive Reputation: Reviewing and Developing a Nascent Construct Waving the flag: The influence of country of origin on corporate reputation Strategic disclosure: Managing corporate reputation by bringing strategy to the fore Scott D. Graffin, Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia; Michael D. Pfarrer, Department of Management, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia; Michael Hill, Department of Management, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia William Newburry, Knight Ridder Research Professor, College of Business Administration, Florida International University Basak Yakis-Douglas, Research Fellow, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford; Richard Whittington, Professor of Strategic Management, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford Industry Self Regulation as a Solution to Reputation Commons: A case of the New York Clearing House Association Getting started: Building reputation for young entrepreneurial firms Antoaneta P. Petkova, Assistant Professor, Management and Organization, San Francisco State University Managing Organisational Reputations: the roles context and character Lori Qingyuan Yue, Assistant Professor, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California; Paul Ingram, Columbia Business School, Columbia University Kimberly D. Elsbach, Professor of Management, Stephen G. Newberry Chair in Leadership, Graduate School of Management, University of California A labour of love? Understanding reputation formation within the labour market Creating leading corporate reputations through corporate branding: The case of Novo Nordisk William Harvey, Research Fellow, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford; Tim Morris, Professor of Management Studies, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford Majken Schultz, Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Organization; Mary Jo Hatch, Professor, Emerita, University of Virginia and Adjunct Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Organization; Nick Adams, Director Corporate Branding, Novo Nordisk, Denmark After the fall: A behavioural theory of reputation repair Mooweon Rhee, Associate Professor of Management, Shidler College of Business, University of Hawaii ; Tohyun Kim, Assistant Professor of Human Resources and Organisation, Shidler College of Business, University of Hawaii The regulation of reputation in historical perspective Christopher McKenna, Reader in Business History and Strategy, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford; Rowena Olegario, Senior Research Fellow, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford; Jonathan SilbersteinLoeb, Research Fellow, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford Paying for your sins: When is there reputational penalty in markets? Jonathan Karpoff, Professor of Finance, Washington Mutual Endowed Chair in Innovation, Foster School of Business, University of Washington, Seattle The effects of financial policy on corporate reputation Thomas Noe, Ernest Butten Professor of Management Studies, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford How reputation regulates regulators: illustrations from the regulation of retail finance Sharon Gilad, ESRC Centre for the Analysis of Risk and Regulation, the London School of Economics; Tamar Yogev, Research Fellow, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford Balancing reputation and regulation: Crosscountry comparisons Gregory Jackson, Chair of Human Resource Management and Labor Politics / Personalpolitik, School of Business & Economics, Freie Universität Berlin; Stephen Brammer, Professor in Business & Society, University of Bath School of Management 25 26 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH FELLOWS EDUCATION During 2010, the Centre organised, ran and contributed to several executive education programmes. The Centre’s flagship Reputation and Executive Leadership programme for senior executives took place in June 2010. Our group of International Research Fellows has grown considerably over the course of 2010. This group of leading academics, specialising in reputation issues, is affiliated with the research work of the Centre. We were delighted to see so many of them making a strong contribution to the Symposium in September. This invitation-only three-day residential programme included the involvement of some 25 Visiting Fellows as practitioner teachers, in addition to a teaching contribution by International Research Fellow, Professor Ron Burt. Their invaluable contribution was much appreciated by all involved in the programme which was attended by a group of senior participants from major global companies. Following very positive evaluation a further programme will take place in June 2011. 1. Professor Edward Balleisen Duke University Professor Ron Burt In addition to this flagship programme, the Centre developed bespoke programmes for several major international corporations in the UK, Europe and the Middle East and contributed modules on reputation to executive and degree programmes organised by the University of Oxford. 2010 also saw the continuation and development of bespoke leadership programmes for leading global companies, both in Oxford and within companies worldwide. 2. Professor Pratima Bansal Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario 3. Professor Ronald Burt University of Chicago Booth School of Business 1 2 3 4 5 6 4. Professor David Deephouse University of Alberta School of Business 5. Professor Janet M. Dukerich The University of Texas at Austin McCombs School of Business 6. Professor Kimberly Elsbach University of California, Davis Graduate School of Management 27 28 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH FELLOWS ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 continued 7. Professor Dietmar Fink Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences 13. Professor Frank Partnoy University of San Diego School of Law Selected International Research Fellow Publications 2010 8. Professor Guo Guoqing Renmin University of China 14. Professor Violina Rindova McCombs School of Business The University of Texas at Austin Balleisen, E. Private Cops on the Fraud Beat: The Limits of American Business SelfRegulation, 1895-1932. Business History Review 83 (2009): 113-60. Winner of 2010, Henrietta Larson Award for the best article in Business History Review published in 2009. 9. Professor Gregory Jackson Freie Universität Berlin 10. Professor Jonathan Karpoff Foster School of Business, University of Washington 11. Professor Christopher Kobrak ESCP Europe 29 15. Professor Roland Rust Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland 7 8 9 Craig Smith, N., Palazzo, G. and Bhattacharya, C.B. (2010). Marketing consequences: Stakeholder marketing and supply chain CSR issues. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20 (4): 617-641. 16. Professor David Vogel University of California, Berkeley 17. Professor Harrie Vredenburg University of Calgary 12. Professor Guido Palazzo HEC, Lausanne 10 13 11 14 12 15 Deephouse, D. L., Lugosi, N. and Thomarat, M. (In Press). How does the Sun shine on Suncor? A comparison of prestige, mainstream, and tabloid media reporting on Alberta’s oil and gas industry. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the International Association for Business and Society. Elsbach, K.D. and Currall, S.C. (2010). Understanding threats to leader trustworthiness: why it’s better to be called ‘incompetent’ than ‘immoral.’ Forthcoming in Restoring Trust: Challenges and Prospects, Oxford University Press (Editors, Roderick Kramer and Todd Pittinsky). Fink, D. and Knoblach, B. (2010). Wirtschaftsprüfung 2010: Reputation und Kompetenzen in Audit/Tax/Advisory. WGMB. Bonn. 16 17 Jackson, G. and Androniki, A. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility in Western Europe: CSR as an Institutional Mirror or a Substitute? Journal of Business Ethics. 94 (3), p. 371-394. Partnoy, F. (2010) Overdependence on Credit Ratings Was a Primary Cause of the Crisis. In The Panic of 2008; Causes, Consequences and Implications for Reform. Edward Elgar Press (forthcoming), Lawrence Mitchell and Arthur Wilmarth, eds. Partnoy, F., Flannery, M. J. and Houston, J.F. (2010). Credit Default Swap Spreads as Viable Substitutes for Credit Ratings. 158 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 2085. Partnoy, F. and Turner, L.E. (2010) Bring Transparency to Off-Balance Sheet Accounting. Roosevelt Institute White Paper. Petkova, A., Rindova, V. and Gupta, A. (2010). The effects of signaling, sensegiving and media attention on high-technology new ventures’ access to venture capital. (Under review). Organization Science. Pfarrer, M., Pollock, T. and Rindova, V. 2010. A tale of two assets: The effects of firm reputation and celebrity on earnings surprises and investors’ reactions. Academy of Management Journal. October issue. Rindova, V., Williamson, I. and Petkova, A. (2010). When is reputation an asset? Reflections on theory and methods in two studies of business schools. Journal of Management, 36 (3): 610-619. Stern, I., Dukerich, J.M. and Zajac, E. (2010). Unmixed signals: How reputation and status affect alliance formation. (Under journal review). Westphal, J. D. and Deephouse D. L. (In Press). Avoiding bad press: Interpersonal influence in relations between CEOs and journalists and the consequences for press reporting about firms and their leadership. Organization Science. 30 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 Professor David Whetten VISITING PROFESSOR Professor David Whetten VISITING FELLOWS David A. Whetten has been awarded the part time role of Visiting Professor at the Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation. As well as acting as an ambassador for the Centre’s activities, Dave provides guidance and advice on the Centre’s research and teaching agenda. He also acts as a Programme Director in the theory area and a resource for the Centre’s Research Fellows. As an international ambassador for the Centre within the global academic community, Dave assists in the identification and invitation of new International Research Fellows and helps with the development of external practitioner oriented commentaries based on the research output of the Centre. In addition, Dave provides guidance and advice on Centre conferences and seminars. David is the Jack Wheatley Professor of Organizational Studies and Director of the Faculty Development Center at Brigham Young University. He has over 85 publications in scholarly outlets, mainly on the subjects of inter-organisational relations, organisational effectiveness, organisational decline, organisational identity and identification, theory development and reputation. His pioneering and award-winning management text, Developing Management Skills, co-authored with Kim Cameron, is in its eighth edition. In 1991 he was elected an Academy of Management Fellow, he received the Academy’s Distinguished Service Award in 1994, and in 2004 he received the Academy of Management OMT Division Distinguished Scholar award. In addition, he served as President of the Academy of Management in 2000. We are honoured to have secured the services and support of 78 Visiting Fellows from the highest echelons of government, industry, the media, the professions and other external institutions. These individuals have taken part in seminars for the staff and students of the Saïd Business School; played a critical role in the Reputation and Leadership programme in June; provided access to key personnel for the development of case studies; and generously supported the work of the Centre. The Centre’s Global Advisory Board, made up of a group of Visiting Fellows, continues to shape our research development. The involvement of our Visiting Fellows in the life of the Centre is invaluable. Sameer Al Ansari Simon Lewis Baroness Valerie Amos Simon Lorne Norman Askew Stefano Lucchini Brendan Barber Sir Laurie Magnus Lionel Barber David Mansfield John Barton David Mayhew Roger Carr Dr Thomas Middelhoff Stephen Catlin Raymond Nasr Peter Cawdron Torsten Oltmanns Stuart Chambers Sir John Parker Doug Daft Mike Parker Guy Dawson Tim Parker Hugo Dixon Roger Parry Mario Draghi John Peace Terry Duddy Sir Ian Prosser Steve Easterbrook Sir Michael Rake Phil Evans Jeff Randall Bill Forrester Don Robert Philippa Foster Back OBE Sir Steve Robson Sir Roy Gardner Manny Roman Sergey Generalov Sir Stuart Rose* Anthony Gordon Lennox Roland Rudd Andrew Gowers Robin Saunders Lord Tony Grabiner QC Dr Paolo Scaroni Andrew Grant Prof Dr Burkhard Schwenker* Tony Habgood Sir Martin Sorrell Andy Haste Oliver Stocken Andy Hornby Robert Swannell Johannes Huth John Tiner Mary Jo Jacobi David Tyler Lord Robin Janvrin Lucas Van Praag Lady Barbara Judge Mark Warham Fred Kempe Sara Weller Justin King Patience Wheatcroft John Kingman David Wighton Will Lawes Bob Wigley Allan Leighton John Witherow Carol Leonard Rupert Younger Bo Lerenius Gerhard Zeiler * New appointments in 2010 31 32 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 PRINCIPAL Events 2010 January February Distinguished Speaker Seminar with Visiting Fellow, Johannes Huth. Corporate governance and reputation from the perspective of a private equity practitioner Seminar Series: Reputation, entrepreneurship, and moral sentiments: old allies in the race to economic transformation. Speaker Dr Ian Hunter, Leverhulme Visiting Professor to Henley Business School Seminar with guest speaker, Kevin Maxwell, discussing bankruptcy, running a family owned business, shareholders and reputation Professor Ron Burt appointed International Research Fellow and leads two seminars: Gossip and reputation: Cocktail palaver meets the social science of networks and a seminar on reputation, social capital, and networks Distinguished Speaker Seminar with Visiting Fellow, Roger Carr. Hostile bids & takeovers Seminar Series: Post-war Research Management, Innovation Infrastructures, and Emerging Industries: Lessons from two American High Tech Regions. Speaker, Professor Michael Best (University of Massachusetts at Lowell and Judge Business School) Distinguished Speaker Seminar with Visiting Fellow, Paolo Scaroni. Their Oil, Not Ours – A Vision for 21st Century Oil Ethics Seminar: The ethics of reputation and the reputation of ethics: oxymoron or research subject? With guest speaker, Visiting Fellow, Philippa Foster Back March June November Theory workshop. Professional Service Firms. Speaker, Professor Tim Morris Arrival of Visiting Academic Jose Galan, University of Salamanca Seminar Series: Corporate Reputation and the Banana Republics: United Fruit Company’s Political and Financial Scandals in the Twentieth Century. Speaker, Marcelo Bucheli Assistant Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA) Seminar Series: Internationalisation and Brand Protection in British Business: Insights from Business History. Speaker, Teresa da Silva Lopes, University of York Seminar Series: Reputation and the company in nineteenth-century Britain. Speaker, Dr James Taylor, Lancaster University Conference: Reputation, Emotion and the Market, Saïd Business School and Christ Church, Oxford. Two day conference led by Dr Chris McKenna, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation and Dr Peter Knight, University of Manchester. Guest speaker: Justin Fox, Editorial Director, Harvard Business Review May Seminar Series: Corporate responsibility: reasons, principles and rationality. Speaker, Laurence Cranmer, Associate Fellow, Saïd Business School Distinguished Speaker Seminar with Visiting Fellow, Sir Michael Rake. The Global Crisis - Causes and Answers: Pragmatism and Honesty versus Populism Paper Development Workshop led by Professor David Whetten: Applying the Concept of Organizational Identity to the Study of Distinctive Organizational Practices September Executive MBA Presentation, Saïd Business School. Leadership, judgement and reputation. Speaker, Rupert Younger MBA Capstone Lecture. Speaker, Visiting Fellow, Frederick Kempe Announcement of Centre for Corporate Reputation Annual Award Winners Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation Symposium 2010, Jesus College, Oxford (see details on page 22) Appointment of Visiting Professor David Whetten Seminar Series: 'Projecting' in seventeenth and early eighteenth century England: a forgotten history of corporate reputation? Speaker, Dr Koji Yamamoto, University of St Andrews Seminar: How are reputation and quality built and sustained differently within management consultancy firms? Speakers, Dr Will Harvey and Professor Tim Morris, Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford. Discussant, Dr Kevin Money, Director of The John Madejski Centre for Reputation, Henley Business School, University of Reading December Seminar: The Economics of Reputation Reformation. Presenter, Dr Thomas Noe, Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford. Discussant, Professor Alan Morrison, Centre for Corporate Reputation, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford 33 34 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION ANNUAL REVIEW 2009/10 35 PUBLICATIONS REFEREED CONFERENCE PAPERS Barron, D. and Rolfe, M. (2010). ‘It Ain't What You Do, It's the Way that You Do It: The Benefits of Status and Reputation.’ Centre for Corporate Reputation Symposium. Gilad, S. and Yogev, T. (2010). ‘How Reputation Regulates Regulators: Illustrations from the regulation of retail finance.’ Centre for Corporate Reputation Symposium. Harvey, W.S. and Morris, T. (2010). ‘A Labour of love? Understanding reputation formation within the labour market.’ Centre for Corporate Reputation Symposium. Noe T. (2010). ‘The economics of reputation formation.’ Centre for Corporate Reputation Symposium. Olegario, R., McKenna, C. and SilbersteinLoeb, J. (2010). ‘Reputation and Regulation in Historical Perspective.’ Centre for Corporate Reputation Symposium. Polo. A (2010). Regulatory sanctions and reputational damage in financial markets. Italian Society of Law and Economics Annual Conference. Free University of Bozen, Bolzano. Silberstein-Loeb, J. (2010). 'How to pay for the news? Cooperation and exclusion in historical perspective', Oxford Media Research Seminar, University of Oxford. Silberstein-Loeb, J. (2010). 'News, networks, and coordination: the Associated Press, 18931945', Institute for Applied Economics and the Study of Business Enterprise, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Silberstein-Loeb, J. (2010). 'News, networks, and coordination: the Associated Press, 18931945', European Business History Association (EBHA) Conference, Glasgow. Silberstein-Loeb, J. (2010). ‘The rise and fall of the newspaper in England, 1700-1950’, four-part lecture series, History Faculty, University of Oxford. Silberstein-Loeb, J. (2010). 'Taxing Knowledge: The Political Economy of the News in Great Britain, 1712-1861', Business History Conference (BHC), Athens, Georgia. Silberstein-Loeb, J. (2010). 'Reuters and decolonisation, 1865-1945', Institute of Commonwealth Studies, London. Whittington, R. and Yakis-Douglas, B. (2010). ‘Strategic Disclosure: Corporate Reputation and the Communication of Strategy.’ Centre for Corporate Reputation Symposium. Yakis-Douglas, B. (2010). ‘The communication advantage: Investigating impacts of strategy announcements.’ Strategic Management Society Annual Conference, Rome, Italy. SEMINARS, WORKSHOPS, LECTURES AND INVITED PRESENTATIONS Harvey, W.S. University of Salamanca; University of Sydney (September 2010). ‘Understanding corporate reputation within management consultancies.' McKenna, C. Max Planck Institute for Sociology, Cologne, Germany (January 2010). ‘White Collar Crime & Fraud in Historical Perspective.’ McKenna, C. Reputation and the Market, Saïd Business School, Oxford (March 2010). ‘The Regulation of Speculation: White Collar Crime in America.’ McKenna, C. Federal Bar Association, Palm Beach, Florida (September 2010). ‘A History of White Collar Crime and the Fall of Financial Markets.’ Polo, A. Law & Finance Roundtable, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford (June 2010). ‘Regulatory Sanctions and Reputational Damage in Financial Markets.’ WORKING PAPERS JOURNALS Barron, D. and Rolfe, M. Measuring Reputation. Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation Working Paper. Harvey, W.S. and Morris, T. (under review*). How do University of Oxford students form reputations of companies? Polo, A. Conference on Empirical Legal Studies, Yale University (November 2010). ‘Regulatory Sanctions and Reputational Damage in Financial Markets.’ Harvey, W. and Morris, T. How are reputation and quality built within management consultancy firms? Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation Working Paper. Harvey, W.S. and Morris, T. (under review*). Definitions, networks, signals and stakeholders. Linking organizational communication to corporate reputation. Polo, A. Anton Philips Workshop, Tilburg University (December 2010). ‘Regulatory Sanctions and Reputational Damage in Financial Markets.’ Morrison, A. D. and Wilhelm Jr., W. J. Computerization and the ABACUS: Reputation, Trust, and Fiduciary Responsibility in Investment Banking. Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation Working Paper. New, S.J. (2010). The Transparent Supply Chain. Harvard Business Review. 28/10: 76-82. Rolfe, M. American Political Science Association Annual Meeting (September 2010). ‘The Social Dynamics of Opinion Change.’ Yogev, T. Sociology and Anthropology Departmental Seminar Series, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (November 2010). 'Value and Status in Uncertain Conditions: The Case of the Contemporary Art Market.’ Morrison, A. D. and White, L. Reputational Contagion and Optimal Regulatory Forebearance. ECB Working Paper 1196. Randeree, K. An Exploration of Reputation Within Major Programme Management, Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation Working Paper. Yakis-Douglas, B. and Whittington, R. The communication advantage: Investigating impacts of strategy announcements. Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation Working Paper. Yogev, T. (2010). The Social Construction of Quality: Status Dynamics in the Market for Contemporary Art. Socio-Economic Review 8:511-536. *Journal title withheld for purposes of blind review process REPORTS David-Barrett, E. Avoiding Corruption Risks in the City: The Bribery Act 2010, City of London Corporation Special Interest Paper. 36 OXFORD UNIVERSITY Centre for CORPORATE REPUTATION Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation Saïd Business School Park End Street Oxford OX1 1HP United Kingdom T: +44 (0)1865 288900 F: +44 (0)1865 278820 www.sbs.oxford.edu/reputation