National reader tourism and sustainable mobility Spain Project

Transcription

National reader tourism and sustainable mobility Spain
Deliverable no. D4.4a of the SEEMORE project
Date of preparation of this document: 14.01.2015
Project Coordinator:
Author of this document:
CINESI Transport Consultants, Spain
Mr. Maarten van Bemmelen
Company: CINESI; Central European Initiative –
Executive Secretariat
[email protected]
Phone. +34 971 613714
Author’s name(s): Lluís de Victoria, Raúl Medina;
Slavena Radovanovic, Sara Baronio
email:
[email protected];
[email protected];
[email protected], [email protected]
Phone: +34 971 775 296, +34 971 775 296; +39
0407786 777
Start date of the project:
April 2012
End date of the project:
April 2015
Project website: http://www.seemore-project.eu
Legal disclaimer:
The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not represent the
opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that
may be made of the information contained therein. SEEMORE is co-funded by the Intelligent Energy
Europe Programme of the European Commission and runs from April 2012 until April 2015.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4
2
Revision and peer review history ............................................................................................... 6
3
Glossary ...................................................................................................................................... 7
4
Presentation of the SEEMORE project ....................................................................................... 8
5
Relevant national developments on tourism and sustainable mobility .................................. 10
5.1
Governance infrastructure for transport and mobility in Spain ...................................... 10
5.2
Overview of Mobility Management in Spain ................................................................... 12
5.3
Implementation of Mobility Management ...................................................................... 17
5.4
Trends and further developments ................................................................................... 19
6
SEEMORE actions in the Balearic Islands ................................................................................. 20
7
First SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain ................................................................. 22
8
Second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain ............................................................ 24
9
Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 26
10 List of Figures............................................................................................................................ 27
11 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. 28
D4.4a National reader tourism and sustainable mobility Spain
page 3 / 28
1 INTRODUCTION
An entire work package of the SEEMORE project is dedicated to the transfer of knowledge, which
takes place at different levels and among different stakeholders all along the project life cycle.
At national level, two National Transfer Seminars are organised by each of the eight SEEMORE
regions in their respective countries. The National Transfer Seminars gather representatives of
tourist destinations that are not participating in the SEEMORE project, but share the same (or
similar) challenges of the SEEMORE regions in terms of tourists’ mobility management. The aim
of the National Transfer Seminars is to disseminate the innovative approach to tourists’ mobility
management developed within the SEEMORE project, thus facilitating and encouraging the transfer
of best practices in this field.
In order to facilitate discussion, a National Reader on tourism and sustainable mobility is prepared
by each SEEMORE region before its National Transfer Seminar and distributed at the event.
According to a common approach, the National Readers first briefly present the SEEMORE project,
then give an overview of the developments on tourism and sustainable mobility in the relevant
country and finally list the innovative actions implemented within the SEEMORE project that are
going to be presented at the related seminar.
The present document is a report on the two National Transfer Seminars organised by the
SEEMORE region of Balearic Islands (Spain). Taking into account the available resources, it was
considered difficult to attract a large number of participants from the country to the island of
Mallorca. For this reason, the Mallorca Transports Consortium (CTM) and the CINESI Transport
Consultancy – the bodies responsible for the implementation of the SEEMORE project in
Balearics – decided to organise both SEEMORE National Transfer Seminars as part of events held
by a third party, in order to maximise the audience and exploit synergies. As a result, the first
SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain was held within the XI Conference of the
Metropolitan Mobility Observatory. The Observatory is supported by the Spanish Public Works
Ministry and groups most of the public transport authorities of the country. The event took place
in Madrid on 1 July 2014 and SEEMORE was presented during its second Technical Session. For the
organisation of the second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar CTM and CINESI joined forces with
the STARTER project1: this led to the presentation of and discussion about SEEMORE measures
during the event “Medidas implementadas en el proyecto STARTER – Fuerteventura”, which took
place in Caleta de Fuste (Fuerteventura) on 19 December 2014. This particular approach to the
1
The STARTER project, co-funded under the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme, aims at promoting sustainable
mobility in tourist destinations. Given the very close aim and scope of SEEMORE and STARTER, a solid cooperation
between the two projects was established since their beginning. For more information on the STARTER project please see
http://www.starter-project.eu/
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organisation of SEEMORE National Transfer Seminars in Spain gave interesting results, since it made
possible to discuss the problems related to tourists’ mobility management in different settings
facing different challenges. In fact, most of the transfer regions participating in the first seminar
were from the Iberian Peninsula, while the target regions of the second event were islands, namely
the Canary Islands recognised as Biosphere Reserves.
The first chapters of this document replicate the content of the National Readers produced for
both events. They include a general presentation of the SEEMORE project (chapter 4), an overview
of the national developments in the field of tourism and mobility (chapter 5) and some of the
measures implemented by CTM (chapter 6). Chapter 7 and chapter 8 report on the National
Transfer Seminars: they illustrate the participants in each event, the points of discussion and the
events’ main outcomes. The related agendas and lists of participants can be found as Annexes to
this document.
This report is addressed to visitors, residents, local and regional authorities at tourist destinations
in Europe, mobility providers, hotels and leisure attractions. It is intended to disseminate the
innovative approach to tourists’ mobility management developed within the SEEMORE project,
thus facilitating and encouraging the transfer of best practices among different regions sharing
similar features and challenges.
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2 REVISION AND PEER REVIEW HISTORY
Version
Date
Comments
Number
Peer
reviewed
by
(Name, Organisation)
1.0
04/02/2015
First draft sent for peer review
N/A
1.1
18/02/2015
Second draft
Elisa Cangini, Province of Forlì-Cesena
18/02/2015
Third draft, with some corrections from
the peer reviewer already accepted, sent
from CEI to CINESI for further amendments
N/A
1.2
1.3
24/02/2015
Fourth draft provided by CINESI
N/A
09/03/2015
Fifth draft (including conclusions) prepared
by CEI and sent to CINESI for check and
final contribution
N/A
1.4
1.5
10/03/2015
Sixth draft provided by CINESI
N/A
1.6
10/03/2015
Final version uploaded in the internal
website by CEI
N/A
Table 1: Document revision and peer review history
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3 GLOSSARY
Abbreviations provided in this report
Abbreviation
Full name
CTM
Mallorca Transports Consortium
PT
Public transport
EPOMM
European Platform on Mobility Management
MM
Mobility Management
EU
European Union
PTA
Public Transport Consortia
IDAE
Energy Agency of the Ministry of Industry
SUTP
Sustainable Urban Transport Plan(s)
EMW
European Mobility Week
E4
Spanish Energy Efficiency Strategy
LUP
Land use planning
INE
Spanish National Statistics Institute
Table 2: Abbreviations used
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4 PRESENTATION OF THE SEEMORE PROJECT
The SEEMORE project aims at promoting and enhancing sustainable mobility in tourist
destinations. Studies show that leisure travel accounts for 50% of all travel mileage in industrialized
countries and is expected to grow further in the coming years. The impact of growing leisure travel
is especially felt in tourist regions that have to cope with seasonal changes in transport demand
and road congestion because of high levels of private car use. An inefficient organisation of mobility
can lead to a decrease in the attractiveness of a destination. Also, destinations need to develop
new products for growing target groups like low-cost travellers; ageing tourists that do not want to
drive a car; and tourists demanding sustainable holidays.
For tourist destinations to remain competitive and attractive in a global market, cooperation
between local actors from the tourism and mobility sectors is essential. Within the SEEMORE
project, eight European coastal regions are setting up these cooperation frameworks to carry out
the following actions:

Provide improved information for visitors about sustainable mobility options like public
transport, cycling, walking and electric mobility;

Develop integrated tourist products that combine leisure and public transport lines;

Create new and improved sustainable mobility options and services for visitors, including
public bicycles and new public transport services.
Project activities
The implementation and evaluation of sustainable mobility actions in eight coastal regions form the
core of the SEEMORE project. To improve the quality of the SEEMORE regional actions, the partners
develop an overview of good practices and recommendations from existing studies. Throughout
the project, SEEMORE organizes several public events to exchange experiences with other tourist
regions. Practitioners from other regions are able to access interesting project outputs on the
project website: www.seemore-project.eu.
Partners
CINESI Transport Consultancy Spain
Mallorca Transport Consortium Spain
Trivector Traffic AB Sweden
Association of Local Authorities Fyrbodal Sweden
FGM-AMOR Austrian Mobility Research Austria
Common Europe Pomeranian Association Poland
Municipality of Choczewo Poland
Club Sustainable Development of Civil Society Bulgaria
Province of Forlì-Cesena Italy
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Central European Initiative Italy
Limassol Tourism Development and Promotion Co Ltd Cyprus
Stratagem Energy Ltd Cyprus
Horários do Funchal Public Transport Portugal
Local Councils’ Association Malta
page 9 / 28
5 RELEVANT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS ON
TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY2
General information in Spain regarding mobility patterns
Motorisation: 470,3 passenger vehicles/1,000 inhabitants (Year: 2009; Source: INE)
Passenger
transport3
Freight
transport6
Public
transport
Rail
Road (car,
van or truck)
Walking
Cycling
Other
7,7%
1,1%
43,2%
45,9%4
N/A(2)
2,1%5
0%
1%
81,6%
0%
0%
17,4%
5.1 Governance infrastructure for transport and mobility in Spain
5.1.1 National
Policy making
The design of strategic policies is a responsibility of the Spanish Government, by means of its
Ministry of Public Works (Ministerio de Fomento), holding the exclusive competence over the roads
and railroads which pass the borders of the Autonomous Communities; communications and
motorised traffic in general; as well as over the ports and airports of national interest, and air traffic
control. Legislative initiatives should be approved by the National Assemblies. There are other
departments in the structure of the National Government whose activity affects transport and
mobility (Economy, Environment, Health, Education...).
Policy delivery
The political guidelines defined by the Ministry of Public Works are delivered by the Ministry itself
through action plans, programmes and specific measures. In line with the administrative division
described above, transport policies are frequently delivered by means of provincial delegations of
the Ministry and/or co-operation agreements with Regional Governments and/or Provinces.
2
This section is a copy of the EPOMM Mobility Management Monitor Spain 2011.
3
Year: 2006; Source: MOVILIA 2006 (National Mobility Survey).
Cycling and walking trips (longer that 5 minutes) are accounted jointly.
5 Taxi, ship, special services, etc.
6 Year 2009; Source: Eurostat. Pipeline transport is not included.
4
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Financing
National transport policies are financed through the overall National Budget. There are several
national taxes affecting the transport sector, but their revenues are not directly used to finance
transport and mobility.
5.1.2 Regional
Policy making
Framed under the national legislation, the Autonomous Communities act as independent
governments within its competences, which regarding transport and mobility stand for both
infrastructure and services with a supra-municipal character, always inside the region (otherwise
this would be a State competence). The Regional Government department responsible for
transport policy making varies depending on the Region (Transport Department, Infrastructure
Department, Public Works Department, etc.).
Policy delivery
It is similar to the national level but within regional competencies. To highlight that over the last
years the Regional Governments have become an important body in the transport planning inside
the main metropolitan areas through the successful Transport Authority form.
Financing
Regional transport policies are financed through the overall Regional Budget (except in those cases
where a cooperation agreement with the National Government is signed). There are no specific
taxes for direct transport financing.
5.1.3 Local
Policy making
Transport and mobility related policy at the municipal level is developed by the corresponding Local
Government department, in the framework of its competences, which according to the “Ley
Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local”, refers to public transport service provision in urban
areas, being obliged to do so in municipalities with more than 50.000 inhabitants (by their own or
in association with other neighbour municipalities). Municipalities are also responsible for street
design and traffic management within their road network.
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Policy delivery
The division of competences in Spain reserves a high degree of autonomy for Local Governments
in the definition of the transport and mobility model in urban areas, where Mobility Management
is mostly developed. Cooperation between the different administration levels in the long term
planning of the transportation system is therefore based on a voluntary basis. Nevertheless, since
1975, the establishment of PTA (public transport consortia) in the main metropolitan areas in Spain
has helped overcome this lack of cooperation. Nowadays, there are 22 metropolitan areas with a
PTA in operation (some other are currently developing it), integrating local and regional
competences, and favouring communication with the National Government; in order to develop a
cooperation framework for fare integration and public transport services management and
coordination. This framework has favoured significant concerted action in these metropolitan
areas.
Financing
In addition to the Local Government Budget, financial cooperation at the local level is achieved by
means of a contract signed between the National Government and the Municipalities for funding
public transport services and infrastructure in large metropolitan areas, and subsidizing public
transport in the rest of the urban areas. There are no specific taxes for urban transport or mobility
management.
5.2 Overview of Mobility Management in Spain
5.2.1 Does the definition of MM as endorsed by EPOMM reflect how MM is defined in
Spain? If not, what are major differences?
There is not a common, shared and agreed MM definition in Spain. However, what we understand
by MM is highly correlated with the definition provided and endorsed by EPOMM. In Spain, the
term “Demand Management” is also used to express similar ideas.
Looking at the way that MM has been delivered in Spain, as compared to the definition provided
by EPOMM, the emphasis has mostly been placed in changing travel behaviour by organising
services and coordinating activities rather than by information and communication. This does not
mean that information and communication has been left out of the MM agenda, but there are few
experiences where campaigning and marketing has been appointed as the leading driver for
behavioural change, and awareness raising is mostly considered as a final step in the development
of the sustainable mobility strategies.
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5.2.2 What are the major strategies for promoting and implementing MM at different
governance levels in Spain?
The main strategies concerning MM in Spain are:
5.2.2.1 National
Policies
From a policy perspective, the main initiative taken at the National level is the adoption of a
National Strategy on Sustainable Mobility (jointly issued by the Ministry of Public Works and the
Ministry of Environment in April 2009). This strategy outlines a set of Guidelines to promote a
“wheel turn” towards a new mobility culture in which sustainability is placed at the core of the
system (in line with the Green Book on Urban Mobility of the EU). Within each five priority action
fields, specific measures are proposed. Demand Management is included as a main Guideline for
the achievement of sustainable mobility.
The Sustainable Mobility strategy is the culmination of a series of thematic strategies which, from
different angles, pointed out the need for a change in mobility patterns and travel behaviour in
Spain:

Spanish Strategy on Urban Environment (January 2008)

Spanish Sustainable Development Strategy (November 2007)

Spanish Strategy on Climate Change and Clean Energy (February 2007)

Spanish Strategy on Air Quality (February 2007)

Energy Efficiency Strategy for Spain 2004-2012 (November 2003)
Action programmes
Other than the individual will of pioneer municipalities, probably the main driver for the promotion
of MM in Spain over the last years have been the subsequent Action Plans developed by IDAE
(Energy Agency of the Ministry of Industry) in the framework of the Spanish Energy Efficiency
Strategy (E4). Following the success of the first two Plans, a new Action Plan 2011-2020 will
continue to promote the application of energy efficiency measures in the transport sector at the
local level by providing financial support to Local Governments. Funds are managed at the regional
level by means of cooperation agreement between IDAE and the corresponding Regional Energy
Agency (or equivalent). Within the transport sector, the main goal is to promote a modal change
towards energy efficient modes and vehicles. As regards of MM, the main measures included in the
Action Plan are:

Urban mobility plans and measures. Financial support to the development of SUTP, public bike
sharing schemes, feasibility studies on mobility measures, and pilot projects.
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
Transport plans for companies. Financial support to the development of transport plans in
companies or activity centres (industrial areas, health-care and educational centres, shopping
centres, etc.), as well as pilot projects in this regard.

Increasing the share of collective transport. Financial support to studies on intermodal
solutions and basic intermodal infrastructure design, dedicated lanes, design and
implementation of online public transport information tools (road and rail).
Legislative measures (including taxes)
One of the most recent initiatives regarding MM at the national level refers to the legislative
framework. In March 2011 a Sustainable Economy Law was issued, including a chapter on
“Sustainable Mobility and Transport” in which the principles that may guide any sustainable
mobility strategy are described, including a definition of Sustainable Mobility Plans.
Among other dispositions, the Sustainable Economy Law states that, beginning in January 2012,
Autonomous Communities and Municipalities will only be eligible for financial support from the
National government regarding transport and mobility if they account for a Sustainable Mobility
Plan, developed in coherence with the sustainable mobility principles in the Law, as well as with the
Spanish Strategy on Sustainable Mobility.
Mobility Plans for companies and/or industrial areas are also fostered within the Sustainable
Economy Law. Another legislative initiative with significant implications in transport and mobility is
the Law 34/2007 on Air Quality and Protection of the Atmosphere, which foresees specific
measures related to transport activities in areas where air quality objectives are not met.
Promotion & awareness
As for promotion and awareness at the national level, most efforts are framed under the European
Mobility Week, managed in Spain by the Ministry of Environment. In addition to promotional
campaigns and workshops, within the EMW the Ministry of Environment awards one Spanish city
each year, based on its sustainable mobility performance and progress.
Promotion and Awareness activities at the national level also include the provision of technical
guidance on sustainable mobility issues, including MM. A recent example on this would be the
publication by the Ministry of Public Works of a Guidebook on Way to School campaigns,
accompanied by a promotional video (“Camino escolar. Pasos hacia la autonomía infantil”).
5.2.2.2 Regional
The situation regarding MM at the regional level in Spain is not homogeneous. While some Regions
are very active in promoting MM in their territory, others have scarcely approached it. What follows
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are highlights of the main initiatives taken by Autonomous Communities in Spain during the last
years:
Policies
Several Regions have drafted long term strategies, in which MM plays an important role as a tool
to achieve sustainable mobility objectives. One of the most recent examples for this would be the
Sustainable Mobility Master Plan for the Basque Country, currently under development, with the
following strategic objective (among others): “Achieve a less car dependant mobility system,
reducing fuel energy consumption levels”. To do so, the following strategic guideline for action is
foreseen (among others): “Promote the use of sustainable modes of transport while implementing
car traffic restrictive measures”.
Action programmes
Several Regions have already developed or are currently issuing action programmes to promote
non-motorized transport modes. These action programmes combine infrastructural measures with
demand oriented initiatives. Examples for this would be Galicia and Cantabria, which are currently
developing Bicycle Master Plans.
The Mobility Law in Catalonia remains as the most remarkable initiative in terms of sustainable
mobility at the regional level. The Mobility Law defines three different planning levels with their
own corresponding planning tools, mainly focused on sustainable mobility and transport
management: National (Regional) Mobility Guidelines, Mobility Master Plans and Urban Mobility
Plans. The latter is considered an essential tool in order to achieve sustainable mobility and is
compulsory for all those municipalities whose competences include the provision of public
transport services. Moreover, the Law states that no urban development larger than 25 m€ could
be implemented until an Urban Mobility Plans is approved in those municipalities, unless they are
accompanied by an induced demand study.
At regional level, energy and environmental agencies are playing a significant role in the promotion
of sustainable mobility. Their actions range from training sessions to dissemination campaigns,
including more innovative approaches, like in Navarra, where the environmental agency CRANA
raises awareness about environmentally responsible values and promotes behavioural changes
through an humoristic and interactive play called “Pies para qué os quiero” (Spanish proverb “You’d
better use your feet”).
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5.2.2.3 Local
It is not easy to undertake an overall assessment of the state of the art in regards of MM at the
local level in Spain. Policy, legislation and action programmes, as well as promotional and
awareness raising activities mostly emerge from individual initiatives of Local Governments,
remaining the majority of them unreported to higher administration levels.
Nevertheless, there are several initiatives at the local level that can help in drafting the overall
picture of the MM situation in Spanish Local Governments.
Policies
From a strategic perspective, the main activity to be highlighted at the local level would be the
increasing adoption of SUTP in Spanish municipalities, most of them with the financial support of
IDAE. According to IDAE, 267 municipalities developed a SUTP between 2006 and 2008 in the
framework of the E4.
Although not really a policy document, it should also be highlighted in this regard that the Spanish
Municipalities Federation (including 89% of all municipalities in Spain) has recently issued a Report
providing guidance to local governments for the adoption of the Spanish Strategy on Sustainable
Mobility at the local level, with an emphasis on the development of SUTP (“La Estrategia Española
de Movilidad Sostenible y los Gobiernos Locales”).
Action programmes
As already stated above, most of the SUTP developed in Spain over the last years have been partly
financed by IDAE’s E4 Action Plans. As part of its strategy, IDAE has also published a guidebook on
the development on SUTP which should be used as a reference by municipalities in the
development of their Plans. IDAE’s guidebook includes a reference to Demand Management
measures as an essential component of SUTP and recommends the inclusion of a specific Action
Programme on MM for activity centres.
Regarding legislative measures, we can highlight the steps towards a new paradigm in traffic
circulation that several Spanish municipalities are taking by changing their traffic regulations in
order to introduce the 30-km-zone concept. In municipalities like Pontevedra and Oviedo the 30km-zones includes all streets within the historic city centre.
Also, the renaissance of the bicycle in several Spanish cities is being accompanied by a number of
municipalities introducing changes in their mobility by laws in order to adapt it to the needs of nonmotorized modes, especially cycling; as well as to make this mode more visible to car drivers and
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avoid potential conflicts. Also the interaction between pedestrians and cyclists has been addressed
in some cases (an example of this would be the Pedestrians and Cyclists Bylaws of Zaragoza).
Spain is one of the European countries with the highest rate of municipal participation in the EMW.
In 2010 a total number of 567 municipalities took part (nearly 7% of all Spanish municipalities), and
3,245 measures were implemented.
5.2.3 Are there any policies or legislative measures that counteract the promotion of
MM?
In Spain the urban development standards used in Urban Planning are not always coherent with
sustainable mobility and MM. For example, parking standards are expressed in minimum terms as
regards of the m2 of residential/business area. In many cases this has led to an excessive parking
provision, which counteracts the promotion of sustainable modes of transport. Also the low density
standards used in some residential areas, mostly in suburban areas, counteracts the promotion of
MM.
5.2.4 What other challenges or problems can you identify with regards to MM in Spain?
The main challenge regarding MM in Spain refers to mainstreaming its implementation as an
essential part of the transport and mobility policy and practice. To achieve this, there is a need for
a supporting knowledge infrastructure in order to disseminate the concept, prove its benefits, and
exchange experiences. On a more particular level, one significant issue that should be addressed in
Spain during the forthcoming years is the viability of the significant number of Public Bike Hiring
schemes that were implemented in the framework of the Energy Efficiency Strategy over the last
years. The availability of funds from IDAE’s Action Plans fostered its adoption in many
municipalities, but both the economic and environmental performance of a significant number of
them may counteract their viability, especially in those cases where the implementation of the
system was not accompanied by an overall cycling strategy, including infrastructure requirements
(where needed). The finalisation of such kind of initiatives could also have a public perception
dimension that may affect the potential implementation of other MM measures in the future.
5.3 Implementation of Mobility Management
5.3.1 Are MM concerns integrated into hard measures?
No, there are no compulsory mechanisms of introducing MM when investing in transport
infrastructure.
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5.3.2 How far is MM an objective or an outcome of the land use planning system?
Although sustainable transport (and mobility management) is not initially in the scope of the LUP
process, being this focussed on land use classification (LUP has traditionally involved infrastructure
planning but not from the functional point of view but as a need to reserve land), recent initiatives
have taken steps forward to a better integration of mobility and land use.
In 2008 a new Land Use Law was issued in which developers are required to provide the needed
public transport infrastructures in order to promote a sustainable mobility. Also, the (then existing)
Ministry of Housing issued a White Book on Urban Planning in which the need to update the usual
planning approach from a sustainability perspective, including criteria on sustainable mobility was
highlighted. More recently, the Sustainable Economy Law set the objective of integrating urban
development and mobility in order to reduce the need for travel and promote a more efficient and
safe accessibility to basic services, minimizing the environmental impacts.
At the local level, Town Plans consider the determinants of both National and Regional transport
infrastructure programs. Recently, LUP has added traffic analysis, PT planning and MM, but partially
and following the interest of specific municipalities. One of the few exceptions is the Mobility Law
in Catalonia, which attempts to promote sustainable transport, also by linking mobility to land use
(although the connection is weak). The overall objective is to integrate urban and economic policies
with transport policies in order to minimize the number of trips, especially car trips. To do so, the
Law claims to “relate the land use with the public transport supply”. Other regional land use laws
demand specific studies of accessibility and transport efficiency, this being the case of Madrid. In
fact, traffic and capacity studies are compulsory for each plan to be developed inside Madrid. There
is a broad consensus on the need to widen this analysis to the PT and pedestrian – cycling networks.
5.3.3 What is public opinion of, and reaction to, MM in Spain? What challenges does
this present when implementing MM measures?
The MM concept is not very well known by the overall population in Spain, therefore there is not a
strong public demand regarding this kind of initiatives. Nevertheless, they are, (where
implemented) in general terms, well received by the population. One reason for this is that, in a
broader sense, the awareness level of the population regarding the environmental implications of
mobility is gradually raising, and so is the demand for sustainable mobility actions.
In 2008, the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) conducted a survey in 4 different regions
regarding environmental perception and habits (Encuesta Social los Hogares y el Medio Ambiente).
Within this survey, among other questions, the willingness of the population to implement
measures to restrict car traffic was addressed. The results of the survey revealed that 47% of the
surveyed population were in favour of limiting the use of the car in order to protect the
environment.
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5.4 Trends and further developments
5.4.1 What is effective in Spain in the field of MM? Why?
One of the most effective measures in the field of MM in Spain has been the coordination and fare
integration of public transport services in large urban areas. Currently there are 22 transport
consortia operating in Spain, integrating local and regional competences, and favouring
communication with the National Government.
In addition to an improved and more efficient service provision, the integration of public transport
has fostered the development of improved user information services, easing the use of public
transport services, thus fostering its use.
5.4.2 Describe MM measures that are successful and will be continued in the future.
Over the last years SUTP have revealed very successful, mostly due to the financial support provided
by the National Government within the Energy Efficiency Strategy (E4). According to IDAE figures,
267 municipalities adopted a SUTP between 2006 and 2008 in the framework of the E4.
It is expected that the spreading implementation of SUTP in Spanish municipalities will continue
after the impulse provided by the Sustainable Economy Law and the Spanish Strategy on
Sustainable Mobility and also by means of the latest Action Plan 2011-2020 from IDAE.
5.4.3 What are the future policies that are being drafted or considered in Spain
currently?
One of the most relevant initiatives that are currently being considered in Spain regarding
sustainable mobility (and MM) is the approval of a Sustainable Mobility Law. Although its process
has not yet started, this Law was announced within the Air Quality Law approved in 2007, where it
is said that the National Government, in the framework of the Climate Change Strategy, will adopt
a Sustainable Mobility Law to force companies in the implementation of Transport Plans in order
to reduce the number of car trips of their employees, promote the use of less polluting means of
transport, and contribute to a reduction in the number of daily trips and their associated impacts.
page 19 / 28
6 SEEMORE ACTIONS IN THE BALEARIC ISLANDS
The main actions undertaken in the Balearic Islands within the SEEMORE project are the following:

Creation of a sustainable mobility information package, based on the design, printing and
distribution of a map including all interurban transport lines with updated information on
timetables and fares;

Translation of mobility information, namely of the website of the Mallorca Transports
Consortium (www.tib.org) visited by almost 2 million people per year, into English, German,
French and Russian;

Protocols for exchange between transport and tourism through the extranet of CTM. Tourist
information offices will receive updated information concerning schedule changes as well as
notices concerning public transport;

Promotion of mutual links between transport and destination websites and integration of
mobility information in hotels’ packages to customers and touristic websites;

Training of local mobility planners and tourism planners on integrated sustainable mobility
options. An intensive training of tourist information offices was undertaken jointly with the
printing of the sustainable mobility information package;

Web travel planner for visitors including leisure destinations. Thanks to Google Transit it is now
possible to check out hotels’ locations and their accessibility to the public transport network;

Real-time travel information, with special focus on smartphone users;

Local distribution of SEEMORE promotional material and local campaigns at the main public
transport gateways;

Promotional video describing the main spots that can be reached by public transport; the video
is available in six languages on the website www.tib.org;

Special tickets for visitors and increased public transport selling points with the selling of the
PT network map at the main tourist information offices;

Emission calculation tool;

Sustainable mobility plans in tourist areas, traffic management and parking policies. In
cooperation with the regional and local authorities, a mobility plan for accessing the tourist
destinations of Cala Mondragó and s’Amarador was developed in order to improve security
and access conditions. The plan was fully implemented in summer 2014;

Public transport services at leisure/tourist destinations. The route of line L106 during the high
season was modified, thus reducing the travel time from Palmanova and Magaluf to Palma. In
addition to that, bus services to the main coastal resorts of the municipalities of Manacor, Sant
Llorenç, Son Servera and Capdepera were improved;

Coach services and shuttles to main interregional gateways. Thanks to SEEMORE, tourists have
the opportunity to book a seat on charter buses and therefore travel directly from the airport
page 20 / 28
of Palma to the main tourist resorts without having to change means of transport in Palma
main station;

Bicycle transport in PT. In cooperation with public transport operators, development of plans
to enhance the transport of bicycles on PT means according to the capacities of the different
transport modes.
page 21 / 28
7 FIRST SEEMORE NATIONAL TRANSFER SEMINAR
IN SPAIN
The first SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain was held in Madrid on 1 July 2014, during
the second Technical Session of the XI Conference of the Metropolitan Mobility Observatory,
supported by the Spanish Public Works Ministry and grouping most of the public transport
authorities of the country. The event gathered representatives of the following tourist
destinations:

Barcelona

Madrid

Lleida

Zaragoza

Girona

Pamplona

Asturias

Tarragona

Granada
The session began with the
presentation of the SEEMORE
project by Mr. Jordi Sansó Florit
(Director of the Operation Area of
CTM), who illustrated the project
main targets and achievements.
Two
other
followed.
Firstly,
presentations
Mr.
Daniel
Miravet (a mobility expert of the
public transport authority “Camp
de Tarragona”) who analysed the
mobility patterns of tourists on
the Costa Daurada, a major resort
on
the
Secondly,
Catalonian
Ms.
Carmen
Coast.
Sanz Figure 1: Presentation of the SEEMORE project during the XI Conference of the
(manager of the commercial area
Metropolitan Mobility Observatory
of the Madrid Regional Transport Consortium) who illustrated the tourists’ behaviour in the area of
Madrid.
page 22 / 28
A discussion followed these presentations, focussing the development of new PT ticketing tailored
on tourists’ needs, which proved to bring about economic benefits for transport authorities. In
addition to that, the audience showed particular interest in the development of sustainable
mobility options to major events, traditionally attracting great audiences that reach the event
venue by car (owned or rented). Finally, it was recognised that the information on the use of public
transport modes by tourists is often lacking, as the main mobility surveys are addressed to
residents only. All participants agreed on envisaging future improvements to this regards.
Figure 2: Participants in the second Technical Session of the XI Conference of the
Metropolitan Mobility Observatory
page 23 / 28
8 SECOND SEEMORE NATIONAL TRANSFER
SEMINAR IN SPAIN
The second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain was held in Caleta de Fuste, on the
island of Fuerteventura, on 19 December 2014, during the event “Medidas implementadas en el
proyecto STARTER – Fuerteventura”. The meeting gathered representatives of the following
tourist regions, all being part of the Canary Islands archipelago:

El Hierro

Fuerteventura

La Palma

Lanzarote
The seminar opened with a presentation by Mr. Toni Gallarco from the Municipality of
Fuerteventura, who illustrated the main achievement of the STARTER project in the pilot region
of Fuerteventura. This intervention was followed by the presentation of Mr. Cipriano Marín,
representative of UNESCO in the Canary Island – four of which (namely El Hierro, Fuerteventura,
La Palma and Lanzarote) are classified as UNESCO Biosphere Reserves. Mr. Marín illustrated how
to achieve energetic independence in insular territories, mainly by exploiting renewable energies.
The experience of El Hierro represents a best practice to this regards, as the opening of a new
hydro-aeolian power plant will enable a switch to a 100% electric supply from renewable energies
by 2030. Taking this into account, the island is also planning to substitute all combustion engine
cars to electric cars. The SEEMORE project was then presented by Mr. Lluís de Victoria from CINESI,
with a focus on the actions implemented in the pilot region of Mallorca. The SEEMORE brochure
and the bus map developed within the SEEMORE tourist information package7 were also
distributed to the audience. Finally, Mr. Patricio Díaz from the “Instituto de Turismo Responsible”
illustrated the main objectives to be achieved by a region in order to obtain a certification related
to sustainable tourism.
A lively discussion followed the presentations. The audience showed particular interest in the way
public transport is managed in Mallorca, i.e. succeeding to cover a considerable share of the service
costs with the income from tickets sales. Participants also shared their views on the difficulties
small islands face in boosting competition among different PT providers due to the limited size of
their domestic markets. This often leads to oligopolies, meaning a limited leverage for local
authorities to obtain cost-effective services. Finally, participants agreed that sustainable mobility
7
See above, chapter 6.
page 24 / 28
options need to be presented in an attractive way to be appealing to tourists. Nobody will engage
in sustainable mobility if this requires a lot of effort.
Figure 3: Participants in the second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain
page 25 / 28
9 CONCLUSIONS
All SEEMORE National Transfer Seminars underwent an evaluation procedure to assess, among
others, if and how the tourist destinations that took part in the events ultimately implemented
SEEMORE-like measures in their respective areas. According to the results gathered by Balearics,
the most replicated measure was the elaboration of the “tourist mobility package”. The major
constraints to sustainable mobility enhancement resulted to be organisational and cultural barriers,
although affecting it on a medium extent only. Several destinations involved in the seminars
declared they plan to introduce SEEMORE-like measures by 2020, with a focus on the elaboration
of tourist mobility packages.
The cooperation between CINESI, CTM and the regions that participated in the Spanish National
Transfer Seminars will continue beyond SEEMORE, in particular as regards the exchange of
information and best practices as well as the monitoring of the SEEMORE-like measures to be
introduced in the same regions.
page 26 / 28
10 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Presentation of the SEEMORE project during the XI Conference of the Metropolitan
Mobility Observatory ....................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 2: Participants in the second Technical Session of the XI Conference of the Metropolitan
Mobility Observatory ....................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 3: Participants in the second SEEMORE National Transfer Seminar in Spain ....................... 25
page 27 / 28
11 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Document revision and peer review history ........................................................................ 6
Table 2: Abbreviations used ............................................................................................................... 7
page 28 / 28

National reader tourism and sustainable mobility Spain Project

Transcription

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