Gamlen Tablet Press GTP-1
Transcription
Gamlen Tablet Press GTP-1
Gamlen Tablet Press GTP-1 Save time and money with the only computer controlled, laboratory tablet press Benefits • Easy to compare formulations • Can make multi-layer tablets • Improved understanding of lubrication behaviour • Manufacture preclinical and phase 1 product Features • Saves time, money and materials • Quick and easy comparisons of processes, formulations and material grades • Generates unique and useful information • Quick and easy to use www.gamlen.co.uk Using the Gamlen Tablet Press GTP-1 COMPARING TABLETS USING TENSILE FRACTURE STRESS σt = 2P Fell and Newton (1968)* made two important discoveries. The first was how to calculate the tensile fracture stress (TFS) of a cylindrical tablet (formula 1), and take into account differences in tablet thickness and diameter to permit an accurate comparison of tablet properties. The second was that the relationship between tablet compaction pressure and tensile fracture stress (TFS), is linear. This parameter has subsequently been called “tabletability”.. Extra Avicel 1.8 CO MP RE SS IB 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.00 Meggle Lactose 1.6 1.4 DMV Lactose 1.2 Wet granulated 1 0.8 DC Lactose Fette GTP 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.05 200.00 250.00 300.00 250 300 Solid Fraction Fette GTP 50.00 100.00 150.00 Compaction Pressure (MPa) 0.6 Lactose monohyd 0.4 Starch 1500 0.2 40 60 80 100 120 140 Compaction pressure (MPa) As an example, we recently published a study on the effect of granulation on the tabletability of spironolactone formulations… Tensile Strength (MPa) Tensile fracture stress (MPa) Tensile Fracture Stress (MPa) 2 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.70 Solid Fraction Using TFS we are able to compare the properties of tablets quickly and easily, and using small amounts of material. Simply manufacture a few tablets using the compaction force control feature of GTP, measure the TFS of the tablet (using the GTP with a suitable load cell, or a conventional hardness tester), and the differences between materials quickly becomes apparent. TY I LI Thickness B TA Thickness LE 6mm B TA Hardness Test 3mm 0 Comparing tablets and table formulations is not straightforward.. This is because when you make a tablet, several parameters vary at the same time. As the applied force increases, the thickness of the tablet decreases - the porosity Compaction Pressure reduces, and the density increases. A further problem is to decide whether to compare tablets Solid Tensile COMPACTIBILITY Fraction Strength of the same nominal weight or the same nominal volume; as most materials differ in density, this will give different results. The relationship between tensile fracture strength, solid fraction (density or porosity) and compaction pressure has been summarised in Figure 1. Tabletability is defined as compaction pressure vs TFS. Compressibility is compaction pressure against solid fraction. Compactibility is the relationship between TFS vs solid fraction. All are needed to fully define a materials. The plots show the effect of compaction pressure on solid fraction and TFS of a GSK formulation I LI TY πDt TABLETABILITY, COMPACTIBILITY AND COMPRESSIBILITY 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Fette GTP 0 www.gamlen.co.uk 50 100 150 200 Compaction Pressure (MPa) IN-DIE MEASUREMENTS ON THE GTP-1 5.4 To study the behaviour of materials during compaction, it is necessary to measure force and displacement simultaneously. This is technically complex, because punch position cannot be normally be measured accurately using a tablet press (either single station or rotary). The Gamlen Tablet Press gives an accurate simultaneous measure of 3.6 4.5 -0.03 True value +0.03 2.7 1.8 0.9 0 0 50 100 150 MPa 200 Compressive stress Influence of errors in true density measurements upon Heckel plots, simulated using signals of a compression of Avicel to 3% porosity with correct true density D,D - 0.03 and D + 0.03 g/ml. Heckel plot for Avicel PH-101 and paracetamol obtained on the GTP-1 500 450 400 4 350 3.5 300 250 3 200 2.5 In(1/(1-D)) Force (KG) In (1/1-D) punch position during compression which can be used to generate Heckel, Kawakita or other plots. These are used to try to understand the difference between materials. Small errors in punch position or density measurement have a major impact on these parameters which require careful correction. 150 100 50 0 2.000 2.400 2.800 3.200 3.600 2 1.5 Paracetamol 1 4.000 Tablet thickness (mm) Avicel PH101 0.5 Ascorbic acid Avicel Supertab Sodium Chloride Paracetamol S Starch 1500 Paracetamol N Paracetamol D Polyplasdone 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Compression pressure (MPa) Force-thickness, and at-pressure Heckel plots for a range of materials on the GTP-1 EJECTION STRESS MEASUREMENTS 2 5 100kg 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 50 100 150 200 250 300 0% MCC 20% MCC 70% MCC 5 200kg 1.2 0 6 Ejection Stress (MPa) Ejection Stress (MPa) 10 300kg 1.4 GalenIQ720 GalenIQ721 15 Compression pressure (MPa) 400kg 1.6 20 0 500kg 1.8 0 0.0 Galen IQ grades ejection stress 25 Ejection Stress (MPa) Ejection stress measurements for individual tablets are not normally possible on a tablet machine. The forces are often small, and can never be related directly to punch displacement. Using the Gamlen Tablet Press, single compaction events can be studied with ease . The impact of mixing on ejection stress is as expected, but sometimes ejection behaviour is quite surprising. We are able to rapidly determine the effect of mixing parameters and composition on tablet press. Additional of non-lubricants can have a major impact on ejection, as seen in these data from GSK. 1.0 4 3 2 1 0 0 50 Magnesium stearate concentration (%) Effect of magnesium stearate concentration on ejection stress of Avicel PH 101 tablets at a range of compaction forces 100 150 200 250 300 Compaction Pressure (MPa) Ejection shear stress comparison for WG1 with extra granular micro crystalline cellulose www.gamlen.co.uk 350 Specification of standard machine Tablet punch size Material capacity of the die Data collection rate Tablets/min Maximum load Choice of 4 output units Load cell resolution Width between pillars Load Cell travel Test Height Load indication Inputs & Outputs Test Speed Range Fast down and return speed Calibration Power requirements Machine dimensions Machine weight (without accessories) Shipping size Shipping weight approx 2-13mm diameter 2-400mg 10-2000Hz 1 500 kg Kilogram (kg) as standard; Kilopond (kp), Newton (N) or Pound (lb) on request 1:5000 60 mm 30 mm Depends on pillar extension length. Maximum extension of 300 mm. Via PC software USB interface. Load cell. 1.0 – 60 mm/min. 60 mm/min Dead weights in kg or proving ring. 110/120 VAC 3.15 A or 220/240 VAC 1.6 A (External selection via fuse holder) 310(w) x 270(d) x 375(h) 16 kg 390 x 350 x 390 or 460 x 430 x 480 20 kg Patent Pending Additional Options • Powder pipette for accurate and reproducible dispensing • Ejection rig for manual tablet recovery (useful for manufacturing) • • Extension pillars and ram system to enable use as a ram extruder. Controlled humidity glove box, RH controlled to +1%, temperature to +1% • Bespoke design punch and die set • Flight case for transport • 3 and 4 point bend tablet fracture rigs. • Others on request. Sales and Customer Service Gamlen Tableting Ltd, Biocity Nottingham, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GF UK Tel: +44 (0) 115 912 4271 | Fax: +44 115 912 4278 | E-mail: [email protected] www.gamlen.co.uk
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