the implementatio tarakan east kalim demonstration sit scs

Transcription

Research Center for Fiheries Management and Conservation
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
TARAKAN EAST KALIMANTAN
DEMONSTRATION
MONSTRATION SITE OF THE
SCS-SFMP
SFMP
First documentat
documentation
ion including report of
results and progress report
Research Team
[2012]
INDONESIA
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TARAKAN EAST KALIMANTAN
DEMONSTRATION SITE OF THE SCS
SCS-SFMP
SFMP
SECOND DOCUMENTATION
This report is an output as responsibility to UNOPS, The Implementation of Tarakan East
Kalimantan Demonstration Site of The SCS-SFMP.. This project was coordinated by
National Coordinator of Indonesia to address Component 44. The demonstration of best
practices in fisheries management within the context of the Ecosystem Approach to
Fisheries management (EAF)
(EAF).
Suggested citation:
Research Center for Fisher
Fisheries Management and Conservation - INDONESIA.
INDONESIA 2012. The
Implementation of Tarakan East Kalimantan Demonstration Site of The SCS-SFMP.
SCS
First
Documentation for UNOPS Project Sulu-Celebes
Celebes Sea Sustainable Fisheries Management
Project. Research Center for Fisheries Management and Conservation (RCFMC),
INDONESIA. 50 p
The Implementation of Tarakan East Kalimantan Demonstration Site of The SCS-SFMP
SCS
|2
ABSTRACT – ENGLISH VERSION
The Implementation of Tarakan East Kalimantan Demonstration
Site of The SCS-SFMP. Sulu-Celebes Sea surrounded by the Philippines,
Indonesia and Malaysia, its existence (coastal ecosystems and terestrial) to
support the lives of 33 million people; SCS categorized as the Large
Marine Ecosystem (LME) Class II. These conditions require the
importance of management to ensure sustainability. One of management
approach is EAFM (Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries Management);
EAFM is a term about a holistic approach to resource management
(Fletcher, 2018), wherein the management should consider the impact of
fishing activities on the ecology as well as an understanding of the social
and economic implications of these events. Tarakan as one of the centers
that utilize fisheries resources in the waters of the Sulu-Sulawesi,
particularly demersal fisheries. Good managemnet practices of demersal
fisheries will maintain the stability of other resource utilization. Purpose
of the agreement is to initiate small pelagic fisheries management model
based on EAFM in the Sulu-Sulawesi. These activities include the
development of demonstration site locations (demosite) as well as some
internal coordination meetings such as meetings, meetings with experts
and stakeholders. Achieving the objectives set, the method used in this
study were swept area method (Sparre and Venema, 1999). This year, 1onboar survey was conducted which focused on base-line data collection
within the framework of the preparation of the management framework.
The results of data analysis showed that the distribution of shrimp
and tiger shrimp in the waters of the Tarakan relatively more in coastal
waters (60% of the total catch). The highest catch rate for the first cruise
was 6.89 kg/h (station 5) and the lowest was 1.22 kg/h (station 2). While,
the highest catch rate of second cruise was 6:39 kg/hr and the lowest was
1.56 kg/hour. Relating to stock density, the highest stock density on the
first cruise was 4,751.42 kg/km2 (station 6) and the lowest was 901.05
kg/km2 (station 2). While, the second cruise, the highest stock density
was 1,739.13 kg/km2 (station 8) and the lowest was 962.83 kg/km2
(station 2). Further analysis of biomass estimation method using swept
area method (Sparre & Venema, 1999) based on the parameter estimation
of each cruise showed catch per area (Cw/a), average biomass per unit
area (bbar) and total biomass (B), 2,029.21 kg/km2; 4,058.43 kg/km2, and
9.98 kg/km2, respectively.
Keywords: Implementation, Tarakan, Demonstration Site, SCS-SFMP
The Implementation of Tarakan East Kalimantan Demonstration Site of The SCS-SFMP | 3
ABSTRACT – INDONESIA VERSION
The Implementation of Tarakan East Kalimantan Demonstration
Site of The SCS-SFMP: Implementasi Demosite Tarakan dalam kerangka
Sulu-Celebes Sea Sustainable Fisheries Management Project. Laut SuluSulawesi dikelilingi oleh Filipina, Indonesia dan Malaysia, keberadaanya
(ekosistem pantai dan lahan) mendukung kehidupan 33 juta orang serta
termasuk Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) masuk kedalam Class II. Kondisi
tersebut
menuntut
pentingnya
pengelolaan
untuk
menjamin
keberlanjutan. Salah satu pendekatan pengelolaan ialah EAFM (Ecosystem
Approaches to Fisheries Management) merupakan sebuah istilah mengenai
pendekatan holistik dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya (Fletcher, 2018);
dimana pengelolaan harus mempertimbangkan dampak aktivitas
perikanan terhadap ekologi serta pemahaman mengenai implikasi sosial
dan ekonomi atas aktivitas tersebut. Tarakan sebagai salah satu sentra
perikanan yang memanfaatkan sumberdaya di perairan Sulu-Sulawesi,
khususnya perikanan demersal. Pengelolaan perikanan demersal akan
menjaga stabilitas pemanfaatan sumberdaya lainnya. Tujuan kerjasama
adalah untuk inisiasi model pengelolaan perikanan pelagis kecil
berdasarkan EAFM di kawasan Sulu-Sulawesi. Kegiatan ini meliputi
pengembangan lokasi demonstration site (demosite) serta beberapa
pertemuan seperti pertemuan koordinasi internal, pertemuan dengan
pakar serta stakeholders. Mencapai tujuan yang ditentukan tersebut,
metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode swept area
(Sparre & Venema, 1999). Pada tahun ini baru 1 kali survei laut yang
dilakukan, tahun ini kegiatan difokuskan pada pengumpulan data dasar
(base-line data) dalam kerangkan penyusunan kerangka pengelolaan.
Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa distribusi udang windu dan
udang tiger di perairan Tarakan relatif lebih banyak di perairan pantai
(60% dari total tangkapan). Nilai laju tangkap (catch rate)tertinggi untuk
cruise pertama sebesar 6.89 kg/jam (stasiun 5) dan terendah sebesar 1.22
kg/jam (stasiun 2). Sedangkan untuk cruise kedua, laju tangkap tertinggi
sebesar 6.39 kg/jam dan terendah sebesar 1.56 kg/jam. Berkaitan dengan
kepadatan stok, pada cruise pertama kepadatan stok tertinggi sebesar
4,751.42 kg/km2 (stasiun 6) dan terendah sebesar 901.05 kg/km2 (stasiun
2). Adapun pada cruise kedua, kepadatan stok tertinggi sebesar 1,739.13
kg/km2 (stasiun 8) dan terendah sebesar 962.83 kg/km2 (stasiun 2).
Selanjutnya analisis pendugaan biomassa dengan metode swept area
(Sparre & Venema, 1999) berdasarkan parameter pendugaan masingmasing cruise menunjukkan tangkapan per luasan (Cw/a); rataan
biomassa per satuan luas (bbar); dan dugaan total biomassa (B) berturutturut sebesar 2,029.21 kg/km2; 4,058.43 kg/km2; dan 9.98 kg/km2.
Kata kunci: Implementation, Tarakan, Demonstration Site, SCS-SFMP
LIST OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT – English version .......................................................................... 3
ABSTRACT – Indonesia version ..................................................................... 4
LIST OF CONTENT ........................................................................................... 5
LIST OF PICTURE .............................................................................................. 6
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................... 6
LIST OF APPENDIX ........................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 8
1.1.
Background............................................................................................................. 8
1.2.
Objective.................................................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER II.
METHODOLOGY ................................................................. 9
2.1.
Time and location .................................................................................................. 9
2.2.
Pengumpulan data ................................................................................................ 9
2.3.
Data analysis........................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ........................................... 11
3. 1. General Conditions .............................................................................................. 11
3. 2. Fisheries Management ........................................................................................ 12
3. 3. Fisheries Performance ......................................................................................... 13
3. 4. Trawl Fisheries ..................................................................................................... 16
Shrimp Trawl........................................................................................................ 17
3. 5. Observation on Shrimp Trawl Operation ........................................................ 19
Fishing Ground .................................................................................................... 19
Catches .................................................................................................................. 20
Biomass.................................................................................................................. 22
Effect of tide to shrimp trawl fishing ................................................................ 24
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 28
CHAPTER V.
ACKNOWLEGMENT ......................................................... 29
REFERENCE
................................................................................................. 29
DOCUMENTATION........................................................................................ 31
APPENDIX
................................................................................................. 33
LIST OF PICTURE
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Coordinate and bathymetry of Tarakan (Firdaus, 2005). ........ 12
Illustration of trawl (AFMA, 2012). ............................................ 16
Trawler in Tarakan waters........................................................... 17
Engine of shrimp trawl. ............................................................... 17
Process of towing (a) and hauling (b). ....................................... 18
Result of trawl towing. ................................................................. 18
Fishing ground of shrimp trawl.................................................. 20
Catch ratio by species group. ...................................................... 22
Trawl net specification for cruise 1
(Sparre & Venema, 1999 modified). ........................................... 22
Trawl net specification for cruise 2
(Sparre & Venema, 1999 modified). ........................................... 23
Tide patterm in Tarakan waters (Lingkas Station)
on 29 November 2012 (www. Pasangsurut.com, 2012). .......... 25
Tide patterm in Tarakan waters (Lingkas Station)
on 30 November 2012 (www. Pasangsurut.com, 2012). .......... 26
Hubungan pasang-surut terhadap tangkapan
pukat udang cruise 1. ................................................................... 26
Hubungan pasang-surut terhadap tangkapan
pukat udang cruise 2. ................................................................... 27
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Pembagian dan luas wilayah administratif Kota Tarakan ..... 11
Number of fishing gears in Tarakan waters in 2009 ................ 14
Numver of vessel by type in Tarakan waters in 2009.............. 15
Production by species per fishing gear in Tarakan inj 2009 ... 15
Infomasi mengenai waktu dan lokasi penangkapan ............... 19
Catches of shrimp trawl ............................................................... 21
Catch ratio (weight and number of individual) by group ...... 21
Analyzing on relative abundance of cruise 1 ............................ 23
Analyzing on relative abundance of cruise 2 ............................ 23
Parameter to estimated biomass on cruise 1 ............................. 24
Parameter to estimated biomass on cruise 2 ............................. 24
Estiamted biomass in Tarakan Waters....................................... 24
Tide conditions on Thursday, 29 November 2012 ................... 25
Tide conditions on Friday, 30 November 2012 ......................... 25
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1.
Appendix 2.
Appendix 3.
Land use of Tarakan .............................................................. 33
Detail chart of fishing activities during observation ........ 34
Observation station of tide in Lingkas, Tarakan (www.
Pasangsurut.com, 2012). ....................................................... 35
Appendix 4.
Appendix 5.
Appendix 6.
Appendix 7.
Appendix 8.
Appendix 9.
List of tide in Tarakan waters during November 2012
(Lingkas Station ) (www. Pasangsurut.com, 2012). .......... 36
Captain bridge sheet.............................................................. 37
Fishing-log .............................................................................. 38
Local, international and latin name of shrimp
trawl catch ............................................................................... 39
Tangkapan pukat udang ....................................................... 40
Data cruise .............................................................................. 47
CHAPTER I.
1.1.
INTRODUCTION
Background
Sulu-Celebes Sea surrounded by 3 countries Indonesia, Philippines
and Malaysia, where is supported 33 million people ( (75% Philippines,
21% Indonesi – East Kalimantan and North Sulawesi and 4% Malaysia Sabah) (PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc./PFPI, 2009). Heilemen (2009)
mentioned that Sulu-Celebes Sea Large Marine Ecosystem listed as Class
II ecosystem, that is ecosystem with medium productivity (150-300 gCm2th-1). The SCS is also a very rich fishing ground for large and small
pelagic as well as bay and coral reef fishes, providing livelihoods to the
coastal inhabitants and food for the entire region and beyond. The fishery
resources, however, have declined due to various threats, including
overexploitation, habitat and community modification and global climate
change. The Implementation of Tarakan East Kalimantan Demonstration
Site of The SCS-SFMP is one part of main activities on Sulu-Celebes Sea
Sustainable Fisheries Management Project. The goal of the Project is to
have an economically and ecologically sustainable marine fisheries in the
SCS, for the benefit of communities who are dependent on these resources
for livelihood and for the global community who benefit in the
conservation of highly diverse marine ecosystems and its ecosystems
services The objective of the Project is to improve the condition of
fisheries and their habitats in the SCS through an integrated, collaborative
and participatory management at the local, national and tri-national levels.
Demosite activities builded for addresing issues about decreasing
fish population especially small-pelagic fish in SCS by develop initiation
good fisheries management using concept of Ecosystem Approaches to
Fisheries Management (EAFM; FAO, 2003). EAFM holistic approach on
fisheries management (Fletcher, 2008); it deals with all the ecological
consequences of fishing plus it recognises the social and economic
implications of fishing and its management arrangements. It also assists
in understanding how these activities interact and can affect the other.
As metioned on SCS SFM Project Document, on addressing
Component 4. Demonstration of Best Management Practices in East
Kalimantan, Indonesia. Tarakan has been declared as location for
demonstration site. Tarakan is one of fisheries central that utilized fish
resources in SCS, especially demersal fisheries. Good Fisheries
Managment was targeted demersal fisheries, in turn, will be stabilized
small-pelagic fisheries by minimizing shifting demersal fisheries to smallpelagic fisheries. Demonstration Sites was selected by several criteria,
namely: (1) accessibility; safety, and security; (2) has supportive
administration; (3) has fishing ground for small pelagic fisheries; (4) has
significant contribution to marine fisheries production and income; and (5)
has transboundary importance and linkages (ecological, socio-economic).
1.2.
Objective
The main goal of this activities is to demonstrated the best
management practices on small-pelagic fisheries in Tarakan, East
Kalimantan, Indonesia by conditioned good management on demersal
fisheries within the context of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
management (EAF).
CHAPTER II.
2.1.
METHODOLOGY
Time and location
This activities will be conducted for 3 years (2012 – 2014) in Tarakan,
North Kalimantan (formerly East Kalimantan).
2.2.
Pengumpulan data
Data was collected by interview to stakeholders (fishers, captain,
boat owner, surveillance officer, fisheries service of regency, fisheries
service of municipality, fish auction officer, port authority, Cooperation
Unit); on-board observation; measuring on biological data; and literate
study (Appendix 5 and 6).
2.3.
Data analysis
Metode swept area
“Swept area” of trawl (km2) is the length of the path times the width
of trawl (width of trawl times the fraction of the head-rope length). The
swept area can be estimated from (Spare & Venema, 1999):
a
= D x hr x X2
……… (1)
D
=vxt
……… (2)
comments:
a
= swept area (km2);
hr
= head-rope length (km);
X2
= fraction of the head-rope length (=0,5) (Pauly, 1980);
D
= swept distance (km);
V
= velocity of vessel (km/hour).
Catch rate (kg/hour) was calculated by divided catch weight (Cw) to
time of hauling (t). Catch rate per unit area (kg/km2), could be estimated
from:
Cw/t
a/t
=
Cw
a
2
kg/km
……… (3)
comments:
Cw = catch (kg);
t
= time of hauling (hour).
The mean of catch rate divides the fraction of the biomass in the
effective path swept by the trawl (X1) was calculated to get the average
biomass per unit area (bbar):
തതതതതതത
Cw
( )
2
bത = a ൘X kg/km
1
……… (4)
comments:
B bar = biomass per unit area / stock density (kg/km2);
X1
= escapement factor (= 0,5).
While biomass per unit area times the total area under investigation.
The an estimate of the total biomass (B), is obtained from:
തതതതതത
Cw
( )×A
a
B=
X1
……… (5)
comments:
B
= total biomass (ton);
A
= total area under investigation (km2).
CHAPTER III.
3. 1.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
General Conditions
Tarakan was located 3°19' - 3°20' LU dan 117°34' - 117°38' BT (Figure
1) and have administration border namely (Error! Reference source not
found.):
North : coatal of Bunyu Island District
East : Bunyu Island District and Sulawesi Sea
South : coatal of Tanjung Palas District
West : coatal of Sesayap District
Tarakan is island that situated on north area of East Kalimantan
Province, since 2012 has been declare as part of new province, North
Kalimantan Province. Tarakan administration area was 657.33 km2, where
consiste of 250.80 km2 for land and 406.53 km2 for waters area, berpotensi
dalam bidang perikanan dengan ketersedia sumberdaya ikan, baik
perikanan laut maupun budidaya tambak. Perkembangan dan pemekaran
wilayah sesuai dengan UU No. 12 Tahun 1999 dan Peraturan Daerah Kota
Tarakan No.23 Tahun 1999, maka Kota Tarakan memiliki 4 kecamatan dan
18 kelurahan serta penyebutan Kotamadya menjadi Kota (Table 1).
Table 1. Pembagian dan luas wilayah administratif Kota Tarakan
Sub-district
East Tarakan
58.01 km2
Central Tarakan
55.54 km2
West Tarakan
27.89 km2
North Tarakan
109.36 km2
Village
Lingkas Ujung
Gunung Lingkas
Mamburungan
Kampung Empat
Kampung Enam
Mamburungan Timur
Pantai Amal
Selumit Pantai
Selumit
Sebengkok
Pamusian
Kampung Satu Skip
Karang Balik
Karang Rejo
Karang Anyar
Karang Anyar Pantai
Karang Harapan
Juata Permai
Juata Kerikil
Juata laut
Area(km2)
1.16
3.19
18.9
11.39
23.37
0.48
0.43
1.48
2.54
50.61
0.76
0.8
5.61
8.51
12.21
10.59
14.23
84.54
Source: Tarakan in Figure, 2006
Figure 1. Coordinate and bathymetry of Tarakan (Firdaus, 2005).
3. 2.
Fisheries Management
Fisheries Management in Indonesia based on Article 33 point 3 The
Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 45 which metioned that “The
land and the waters as well as the natural riches therein are to be
controlled by the state to be exploited to the greatest benefit of the
people”. While, arranged on article 3 and 6 on Fishery Law No. 31 in 2004
jo No. 45 in 2009, fishery management shall be carried out with the
following goals:
a.
to improve the living conditions of small-scale fishermen and fish
farmers;
b.
to increase the government’s revenues and foreign exchange;
c.
to spur the expansion of job opportunities;
d. to increase the supply and consumption of fish which is rich in
protein sources;
e.
to optimize the management of fishery resources;
f.
to increase the productivity, quality, added value, and
competitiveness;
g.
to increase the supply of raw materials for fish processing Industry;
h.
to achieve the optimum utilization of fishery resources, area for fish
culture resources environment; and
i.
to ensure the conversation of fishery resources, areas for fish culture,
and spatial management.
Furthermore Government of Tarakan City has established the
Regional Regulation concerning Fisheries Business License no. 14 in 2010.
This regulation is needed as a legal basis for fisheries management.
Attendance is expected to anticipate as well as a solution to problem that
faced by fisheries sector, including utilization issues, resources
availability, and environmental sustainability.
Under local regulation no. 14 in 2010, Tarakan, in this case the
Marine and Fisheries District Service issued a business license 149 trawler
from 340 potentially units as quoted by the media Radar Tarakan on
January 19, 2012 (www. radartarakan.co.id/ index.php/ kategori/ detail/
Utama/20740). In the ministerial regulations, trawl is all kinds of fishing
gear-shaped net pocket, body and wings are fitted opener nets operated
by dredge or whipped by moving vessels (SNI 01-7232-2006 and ISO
7277.5: 2008). In its provisions metioned that trawler only could operating
in adjacent waters of Tarakan, coordinates 3° 10 'N and beyond to waters
of Sebatik Island, covering Nunukan, Bulungan, Tana Tidung and
Tarakan.
The area operations consists of two zones, Zone I (between 1 to 4 nm)
for vessel sizes up to 5 GT under the authority of the district/city. Being
on Zone II is more than 4 to 12 nautical miles for vessels of sizes up to 30
GT into provincial jurisdiction. The catch shall be landed in PPI (Landing
Place) Sebatik, PPI Bunyu Island, PPI Tarakan, or at Fishing Port of
Mansapa-Nunukan. This action take place in order to have a positive
impact on the development of regional economy. It also will facilitate the
monitoring or data collection that can be used as a reference to determine
the next management policy.
In 2011 the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries issued
Ministerial Decree no. PER.06/MEN/2008 concerning the trawl fishing in
the waters of the North East Kalimantan, as amended by regulation no.
PER.14/MEN/2008 been revoked and not apply.
3. 3.
Fisheries Performance
There are several type of fishing gears that operated in Tarakan
waters, namely yaitu trawl, gill-net, trammel net, longline, tide trao
(sero/kelong and jermal) and hand line (Anonymous, 2008). The
dominant fisheries in Tarakan waters is shrimp fisheries and demersal
fisheries which used trawl (Table 2). Trawl (otter trawl) in Fisheries
Statistics called danish-net (payang and dogol) (DKP Tarakan, 2010). They
used small boat, P x L x D (10-12 m x 1-1.5m x 70-85 cm) and main power
using Jiang Dong 26 PK, line hauler with capacity 26 PK dongfeng (Table
3). Number of fishers that operated trawl was 1-2 fishers. Trawl in Tarakan
operated one-day fishing, but sometimes 4-5 days/trip. Fishing ground of
trawl located in Tanjung Juata – Tanjung Selayang and Bulungan waters.
Table 2.
Number of fishing gears in Tarakan waters in 2009
District
Total
Seine nets
Pelagic
danish
net
Demersal
danish
net
Beach
seine
Gillnets
Drift
gillnet
Set
gillnet
Trammel
net
Liftnet
Set liftnet
Scoop net
Others
liftnet
Lines
Tuna
longline
Drift
longline
Others
line
Traps
Guiding
barrier
Stow net
Portable
traps
Other
traps
Shell fish collection
Other gears
West
Tarakan
2467
246
East
Tarakan
4662
464
Centre
Tarakan
3839
382
North
Tarakan
2742
273
483
913
752
537
36
68
56
40
644
1217
1002
716
413
781
643
459
466
880
725
518
179
288
261
339
544
492
279
448
405
199
320
209
160
303
249
178
143
270
222
159
240
454
374
267
281
530
437
312
467
100
881
189
726
156
518
111
121
228
188
134
92
25
174
48
143
39
102
28
Source: Tarakan Marine and Fisheries Service (2010)
Table 3.
Numver of vessel by type in Tarakan waters in 2009
District
West
Tarakan
East
Tarakan
Centre
Tarakan
North
Tarakan
Total
Dugout
boat
Inboard
Outboard
machine boat
machine
5-10
boat
0-5 GT
GT
269
63
22
Plank built boat
Small
Medium
Large
367
7
6
698
27
5
257
333
76
377
12
13
227
65
60
236
9
1
95
86
45
Table 4.
Production by species per fishing gear in Tarakan inj 2009
Crustacea
Pelagic
Value
s (IDR
x 106)
24.9
91.8
91.2
90.3
80.6
78.6
201.4
1,836
2,280
1,355
322
236
1,339
Others
Total
(tones)
Traps
Red snappers
Groupers
Snapper
Bombay duck
Sweet-lips
Other
demersal fishes
Metapenaeus
prawn
Other prawn
Banana prawn
Other
crustacea
Indian
mackerels
Silver pomfret
Threadfin
Trevallies
Mullet
Black pomfret
Narrow barred
king mackerel
Roackers
Indo-Pasific
king mackerel
Lines
Demersal
Lift-net
Species
Gill-net
Group
Seine
net
Catch by Group of Fishing Gear (tones)
34.2
28.3
68.3
45.3
50.9
29.5
21.2
26
71.1
157.8
80.6
27.4
100.4
366.2
5,493
165.2
80.4
97.4
69.3
73.2
57.4
17.9
20.7
29.6
112.7
152.2
186.9
365.1
326.5
382.9
3,651
9,795
12,778
41.5
39.3
98.8
494
28
64.5
58.5
37.5
44.8
56.3
50.9
13.1
92.5
92.4
90.7
89.0
85.9
85.6
370
693
363
623
1,718
856
13
84.2
35.6
337
463
22.3
25.7
18.9
17.1
29.6
21.6
22.5
22.6
42.5
42.6
24.2
14.6
18.2
25.2
24.3
25.7
11.4
0
18
13.4
15.5
19.2
33.9
20.9
11.6
11.6
Queen fish
Other pelagic
fishes
Tuna and Bullet tuna
tuna like
species
Other fishes
16.5
86.3
54.2
106.8
13.8
71
15.7
0
91.9
7.3
58.4
0
150.9
70.7
494.3
495
2,499
13.3
98.1
981
38.8
61.8
309
3. 4.
Trawl Fisheries
Sumino (2012) explained that trawl is fishing gear that have coneshaped which one side opened as mouth and being small to another side
as bunt. Operated by dredge the gear by a vessel in speed and certain time
(von Brandt, 1984). Trawl using otter-board to ensure the opening of net
and was set in both side of net. Head rope was set with float and ground
rope set with sinker bobbin and tickler-chain (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Illustration of trawl (AFMA, 2012).
Dengan mulut yang terbuka lebar selama towing, maka jaring akan
menyaring semua benda yang dilewatinya, sehingga alat tangkap ini
digolongkan sebagai alat tangkap yang tidak selektif (Sparre & Venema,
1999).
Efektivitas trawl tercapai saat towing dilakukan pada kecepatan yang
tepat sehingga jaring dapat membentuk konfigurasi yang benar di dasar
perairan. Kecepatan towing (towing speed) biasanya berkisar antara nilai 3 5 knots (SEAFDEC, 2004). Kecepatan penghelaan ini sangat berpengaruh
terhadap bukaan mulut trawl. Pada kecepatan tinggi, maka area antar
sewakan menyempit dan mengakibatkan mengecilnya luasan area yang
disapu (Friedman, 1986).
Pukat tank yang dioperasikan oleh nelayan di Kota Tarakan
termasuk sebagai alat tangkap jenis pukat kantong (Danish Seine) yang
dimodifikasi menjadi pukat udang dalam ukuran kecil yang memiliki
spesifikasi pukat hela. Alat tangkap tersebut merupakan jenis dari bottom
otter trawl, karena menggunakan papan pembuka (otter-board) guna
membantu dalam pembukaan mulut trawl pada saat dioperasikan (Subani
& Barus 1989). Dalam statistik perikanan Kota Tarakan, perikanan pukat
hela dimasukkan sebagai perikanan payang dan dogol.
Shrimp Trawl
Fishing Vessel
Trawlers in Tarakan waters relatively have similar shape, size and
specification with trawlers in north Java waters. Trawler in tarakan was
categorized as small trawler, the vessel has been build by wood, LOA
(Length Over All) 9-13 m and width 1.2-2 m and draft 1.5 - 2 m,
approximately size was 4 GT (Figure 3).
Figure 3.
Trawler in Tarakan waters.
Engine was designed for maximum output 26 HP / 2200 RPM, Jiang
Dong Engine with diesel fuel could reached speed 15-27 km/jam (Figure
4).
Figure 4.
Engine of shrimp trawl.
Trawl was operated near the estuary and mostly consist of sand and
mud substrate (Figure 5 and Figure 6).
Figure 5. Process of towing (a) and hauling (b).
Figure 6. Result of trawl towing.
In operated, seeting of net could be conduct for 7 – 9 times depend
on tide and sea condition of fishing ground. Tide in Tarakan waters
happen twice a day, high tide period was 06.00 – 07.00 (Central Indonesia
Time/CIT) and 15.00 – 17.00; low tide was at 10.00 – 13.00 CIT and 19.00 –
21.00 CIT. Fisher will conduct fishing at low tide period.
3. 5.
Observation on Shrimp Trawl Operation
Observation on fishing operation was conducted for two days 29-30th
November 2012) using 2 different vessels kapal got information relating to
catch composition (ratio of shrimp and fish; catch composition per fishing
ground), fishing ground and relative abundance. During observation, we
conduct 15 times for hauling (Table 5).
Table 5.
Infomasi mengenai waktu dan lokasi penangkapan
No
Cruise;
Station
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
Time
Start
8:37
9:36
10:30
11:46
12:33
13:22
8:15
9:12
9:52
10:25
10:56
12:19
13:22
15:04
15:39
Lintang
Bujur
End
Start
End
N/S
Start
End
9:07
10:01
10:53
12:11
13:00
14:19
8:53
9:34
10:12
10:41
11:55
13:05
14:44
15:27
16:02
3.5314
3.5316
3.5313
3.5036
3.5038
3.495
3.4186
3.4185
3.4185
3.4178
3.4019
3.3725
3.375
3.39
3.4106
3.523
3.525
3.526
3.494
3.494
3.501
3.412
3.412
3.413
3.412
3.369
3.367
3.388
3.403
3.419
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
117.512
117.512
117.5143
117.5369
117.5374
117.5374
117.6601
117.6602
117.6617
117.6643
117.6705
117.6695
117.6695
117.6706
117.6685
117.5064
117.5066
117.5164
117.5374
117.5374
117.5455
117.6676
117.6678
117.668
117.6678
117.671
117.6709
117.6713
117.6707
117.6622
E/
W
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Comment:
- Cruise; Station (1.1-6.): Conducted on 29 Nov 2012; captain
Rahman; fishing ground on estuary of Mangkulis River
- Cruise; Station (2.1-9.): Conducted on 30 Nov 2012; captain
Badrisyah; fishing ground on coastal waters of Keterangan Bay and
dan Binalatung Bay
Fishing Ground
Two that we jointned have twod different fishing ground namely,
estuary of Mangkulis River and coastal waters of Keterangan Bay and dan
Binalatung Bay (Figure 8). Criteria of fishing ground for shrimp trawl
mostly on shallow waters, current encounter site, area of mangrove forest
(nipa palm and rhizophora). In estuary of Mangkulis River we found
pond and tide trap (sero), while in coastal waters of Keterangan Bay and
dan Binalatung Bay we found another tide trap (tugu/jermal) (Error!
Reference source not found.).
N
%
U
U
%
W
4
4
%
U
U%
%
U
U
%
U
%
U
%
U
%
U
%
9
1
1
8
1
1
7
1
1
6
1
1
5
1
1
4
1
1
5
##
S
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
-
1
-
2
-
2
-
'
0
2
°
3
'
0
2
°
3
# # #
# #
#
#### ###
### # ### # #
# ##
# #
#
######## ###
#
#
# #### # ##
#
#### ## #
#
### #
#
####
#
#
###
#
##
##
#
##
####
#
###
#
#
#
#
# #
# # ## #
######## #
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
## ## # ##
### ##
# # ##
#
#
#####
#
#
#
#
#
# ##
#
## ###
#
## # # #
#
#
# ##
#
##
##
#
#
#### # #
####
##
#
# #
# # # ## ###
# # ####
## # #
#
#
## # #
#
#
#
#
#####
# #
##
###
# #
#
###
##
#
## #
###
# #
#
#
#### # #
#
## ##
#
# ###
###
#
E
5
Daratan
3
1
1
Litang Utara
#
Cruise 1
Cruise 2
Sungai
Pantai
Kota
Jalan
'
0
3
°
3
'
0
3
°
3
%
U
U
%
'
0
4
°
7
1
1
'
0
3
°
7
1
1
'
0
2
°
7
1
1
U
%
U
%
LEGENDA
#
9
1
1
8
1
1
7
1
1
6
1
1
5
1
1
4
1
1
3
1
1
5
0
5 Kilometers
'
0
4
°
7
1
1
'
0
3
°
7
1
1
'
0
2
°
7
1
1
Bujur Timur
Andhika P. Prasetyo
P4KSI - Balitbang KP - KKP
2012
Figure 7.
Fishing ground of shrimp trawl.
Comment
- observation on 29 November 2012
- observation on 30 November 2012
Catches
Catch of shrimp trawl could be grouped to 3 group namely, pelagic,
demersal and shrimp. There is also other crustacean, mollusca, seaweed
and garbage (Table 6). Pelagic fish that was caught including Stolephorus
commersonnii, Sardinella gibbosa, Setipinna tenuifilis, and Atule mate. While
dominant demersal fish caught by shrimp trawl was Johnius sp and Arius
thalassinus.
Table 6. Catches of shrimp trawl
Pelagic
Demersal
Stolephorus
commersonnii
Sardinella gibbosa
Plotosus lineatus
Setipinna
tenuifilis
Chelon planiceps
Johnius sp
Atule mate
Arius thalassinus
Atelomyctreus
macleayi
Sorsogona
tuberculata
Tetraodon sp
Upeneus
cf. sulphureus
Lactarius
lactarius
Boleophthalmus
boddarti
Cynoglossus sp
Orheochromis
niloticus
Trichiurus
lepturus
Lutjanus russelli
Psettodes erumei
Scatophagus argus
Harpodon
nehereus
Leiognatus sp
Sillago sihama
Mugil cephalus
Shirmp
Crustacean
Mollusca
Penaeus
merguiensis
Penaeus
monodon
Harpiosquilla
raphidea
Portunus
pelagicus
Scylla serrata
Loligo edulis
Sepia sp
Octopus sp
Drepane punctata
Eleutheronema
tetradactylum
Pisodonophis sp
Analysis showed that shrimp was the dominant catches of shrimp
trawl. On the first cruise ratio of fish was higher than shrimp, while for
second cruise ratio of fish was lower than shrimp. It was estimated as
effect of fishing ground condition. List of catches was presented on Error!
Reference source not found.and Error! Reference source not found..
Table 7. Catch ratio (weight and number of individual) by group
TOTAL CATCH
Catch per hour
%
Group *
w (gr)
n
w (gr/h) N (ind/h) w (gr/h) N (ind/h)
Kamis 29 Nov 2012 | 3.12 Jam towing
Pelagis
2070.60
130
664.4
42
15.0
13.1
Demersal
5101.40
446
1636.8
143
36.9
44.8
Udang
6640.00
420
2130.5
135
48.1
42.2
Jumat, 30 Nov 2012 | 5.48 Jam towing
Pelagis
1476.20
45
269.2
8
6.4
4.2
Demersal
7766.86
291
1416.4
53
33.6
27.5
Udang
13874.00
723
2530.2
132
60.0
68.3
TOTAL
36929.06
2055
8647.53
513
* : sum of all towing for each cruise.
Udang
Pelagis
60
Pelagis
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
Demersal
Figure 8.
Udang
Demersal
Catch ratio by species group.
Biomass
Catch rate, stock density and estimated biomass
The highest catch rate for first was 6.89 kg/h (station 5) and the
lowest was 1.22 kg/h (station 2). While, the highest catch rate for second
cruise was 6.39 kg/h and the lowest was 1.56 kg/h. Realting to stock
density, the highest stock density for first cruise was 4,751.42 kg/km2
(statio 6) and the lowest was 901.05 kg/km2 (station 2). While, the highest
stock density for second cruise was 1,739.13 kg/km2 (station 8) and the
lowest was 962.83 kg/km2 (station 2). Trawl net specification was showed
on Figure 9 and Figure 10.
Based on analyzing data on swept area method showed that relative
abundance for first cruise was 2,898.45 kg/km2 with swept area 0.0048
km2. While, second cruise found that relative abundance was 1,205.43
kg/km2 with swept area 0.0192 km2 (Table 8 dan Table 9).
Figure 9.
Comment:
(a)
(b)
(b1)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Trawl net specification for cruise 1 (Sparre & Venema, 1999
modified).
: 105 cm
: (a) + (b1) = 105 + 10 = 115 cm
: 10 cm
: 4,500 cm
: 117.61 cm
= (d)
Table 8.
Analyzing on relative abundance of cruise 1
Mean V cruise 1
Total t cruise 1
Horizontal opening
D
Swept area
Catch
Relative abundance
Figure 10.
CRUISE 1
2.60 km/h
3.12 jam
117.61 cm
8.10 km
0.0048 km2
13,812.00 g
2,898.45 kg/km2
0.0012 km
13.81 kg
Trawl net specification for cruise 2 (Sparre & Venema, 1999
modified).
Comment:
(a)
(b)
(b1)
(c)
(d)
(e)
: 115 cm
: (a) + (b1) = 105 + 59 = 164 cm
: 59 cm
: 2,250 cm
= (b) 164 cm
= (d) = 117.61 cm
Table 9.
Analyzing on relative abundance of cruise 2
Mean V cruise 2
Total t cruise 2
Horizontal opening
D
Swept area
Catch
Relative abundance
CRUISE 2
4.02 km/h
5.48 jam
174.00 cm
22.04 km
0.0192 km2
23117.06 g
1,205.43 kg/km2
0.0017 km
23.12 kg
Estimated Biomass
Analyzing on estimation biomass (Sparre & Venema, 1999) based on
each estimation parameters for each cruise (Table 10 and Table 11) showed
value of catch per area (Cw/a); average biomass per swept area (bbar); and
total estimated biomass (B) was 2,029.21 kg/km2; 4,058.43 kg/km2; and
9.98 kg/km2 respectively (Table 12).
Table 10. Parameter to estimated biomass on cruise 1
Hauling
Parameter
1
Total catch (kg)
Catch per hour (Cw)
(kg/h)
Swept area (a) (km2)
Swept area per hour
(a/t) (km2/h)
Cw/a (kg/km2)
2
3
4
5
6
1.76
3.51
0.51
1.22
0.87
2.27
2.27
5.44
3.10
6.89
5.31
5.59
0.0007
0.0014
0.0006
0.0014
0.0007
0.0018
0.0008
0.0018
0.0007
0.0016
0.0011
0.0012
2489.45
901.05
1284.09
2986.62
4185.81
4751.42
Table 11. Parameter to estimated biomass on cruise 2
Parameter
Total catch (kg)
Catch per hour (Cw)
(kg/h)
Swept area (a) (km2)
Swept area per hour
(a/t) (km2/h)
Cw/a (kg/km2)
1
0.99
1.56
2
1.29
3.52
3
1.72
5.17
4
1.70
6.39
0.0026
0.0041
0.0013
0.0037
0.0012
0.0036
0.0010
0.0038
380.74
962.83
1449.96
1670.12
Hauling
5
3.41
3.46
6
3.82
4.98
7
6.21
4.54
8
2.20
5.75
9
1.77
4.63
0.0032
0.0032
0.0024
0.0031
0.0042
0.0030
0.0013
0.0033
0.0014
0.0037
1076.25
1591.41
1491.39
1739.13
1266.37
Table 12. Estiamted biomass in Tarakan Waters
Estiamted parameters (Cruise 1 & 2)
Value
Average Cw/a (kg/km2)
2,029.21
Biomass per swept area (bbar) (kg/km2)
4,058.43
Estimated biomass (B) (kg/km2)
9.98
Effect of tide to shrimp trawl fishing
Thursday, 29 November 2012
Thursday, 29 November 2012, the first low tide was at 0:00 and the
second low tide was at 11:20. The first high tide was at 5:40 the second low
tide was at 17:55 (Table 13).
Table 13. Tide conditions on Thursday, 29 November 2012
Time
Tide
Water Level
0:00
low tide
( 0,5 m )
5:40
high tide
( 2,5 m )
11:20
low tide
( 0,5 m )
17:55
high tide
( 3,3 m )
Tide koefisies was 77, so deviation of tide will showed clearly. The
water level was 0.5, 2.5, 05 and 3.3 deviation (Figure 11).
Figure 11.
Tide patterm in Tarakan waters (Lingkas Station) on 29
November 2012 (www. Pasangsurut.com, 2012).
Friday, 30 November 2012
Friday, 30 November 2012, the first low tide was at 0:25 and the
second low tide was at 11:50. The first high tide was at 6:05 the second low
tide was at 18:20 (Table 14).
Table 14. Tide conditions on Friday, 30 November 2012
Time
Tide
Water Level
0:25
low tide
( 0,5 m )
6:05
high tide
( 2,5 m )
11:50
low tide
( 0,5 m )
18:20
high tide
( 3,3 m )
Tide koefisies was 77, so deviation of tide will showed clearly. The
water level was 0.5, 2.5, 0.5 and 3.3 m (Figure 12).
Figure 12.
Tide patterm in Tarakan waters (Lingkas Station) on 30
November 2012 (www. Pasangsurut.com, 2012).
There was relation between tide and shrimp trawl catches (Figure 13
and Figure 14) that showed the increasing catches was associate to high
tide period. It was estimated that when high tide the trawl net could not
reach shrimp and fish in deeper water. Time of towing also effect the
number of catch. List if water level showed on Error! Reference source not
found..
4
4000
3
3000
2
2000
1
1000
0
Tangkapan (gr)
Ketinggian air (m)
Cruise 1
0
0.00
4.00
8.00
12.00
16.00
20.00
24.00
Waktu
Ketinggian air (m)
Figure 13.
Pelagis
Demersal
Udang
Hubungan pasang-surut terhadap tangkapan pukat udang
cruise 1.
4000
4
3000
2
2000
1
1000
0
Tangkapan (gr)
Ketinggian air (m)
Cruise 2
3
0
0.00
4.00
8.00
12.00
16.00
20.00
24.00
Waktu
Ketinggian air (m)
Figure 14.
Pelagis
Demersal
Udang
Hubungan pasang-surut terhadap tangkapan pukat udang
cruise 2.
Ayodhyoa (1981) dan Sadhori (1985) menambahkan bahwa daerah
penangkapan yang cocok untuk operasi penangkapan udang dengan trawl
adalah perairan yang mempunyai dasar laut datar atau rata, tidak terdapat
karang atau tonggak-tonggak, bersubstrat lumpur atau lumpur bercampur
pasir, kecepatan arus pasang dan pada midwater tidak besar dan perairan
mempunyai daya produktivitas yang besar, serta tempat berkumpulnya ikan
atau udang yang merupakan daerah sasaran setiap penangkapan.
CHAPTER IV.
-
-
-
-
CONCLUSION
There were several point of conclusion from these activities, namely:
Mostly shrimp was caught near the coastal waters 60%;
The highest catch rate from the first cruise was 6.89 kg/h and the
lowest was 1.22 kg/h. While, the highest catch rate from the second
cruise was 6.39 kg/h and the lowest was 1.56 kg/h. Relating to stock
density, the highest stock density from the first cruise was 4,751.42
kg/km2 (station 6) and the lowest was 901.05 kg/km2 (station 2).
While, the highest catch rate from the second cruise was 1,739.13
kg/km2 (station 8) and the lowest was 962.83 kg/km2 (station 2).
Analyzing on estimation biomass (Sparre & Venema, 1999) based on
each estimation parameters for each cruise (Table 10 and 11) showed
value of catch per area (Cw/a); average biomass per swept area
(bbar); and total estimated biomass (B) was 2,029.21 kg/km2;
4,058.43 kg/km2; and 9.98 kg/km2 respectively;
Tarakan fisheries was dominated by demersal fisheries, likely
bombay duck trawl, shrimp trawl and “kuro” gill net. There was also
found tide trap likely “sero” and “jermal/tugu”;
The peak season for shrimp fisheries was on November-February;
Catch ratio was depending on fishing ground;
Fishers of shrimp trawl only caught a big size (± 8cmCL).
CHAPTER V.
ACKNOWLEGMENT
We would like say thank you for UNOPS. This report is an output as
responsibility to UNOPS, The Implementation of Tarakan East Kalimantan
Demonstration Site of The SCS-SFMP. This project was coordinated by
National Coordinator of Indonesia to address Component 4. The
demonstration of best practices in fisheries management within the
context of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries management (EAF).
REFERENCE
AFMA. 2012. Trawl. http://www.afma.gov.au/resource-centre/teachersand-students/about-fishing-methods-and-devices/trawl.diakses
pada 9 December 2012.
Ayodhyoa AU. 1981. Metode Penangkapan Ikan. Yayasan Dewi Sri.
Bogor.Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan (DKP) Tarakan. 2010. Statitik
Perikanan Tahun 2009. Tarakan: Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan
Kota Tarakan. 121 hal
FAO 2003. Fisheries management 2. The ecosystem approach to fisheries.
FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries 4 (Supplement
2). 112 p
Firdaus, M. 2005. Kajian Keberlanjutan Perikanan Pukat Tarik (Dragged
Gear on Shrimp) di Kota Tarakan Kalimantan Timur. Tesis [tidak
dipublikasikan. Sekolah Pascasarjana – Institut Pertanian Bogor.
131 hal
Fletcher. Rick. 2008. A Guide to Implementing an Ecosystem Approach to
Fisheries Management (EAFM) for the tuna fisheries of the Western
and Central Pacific Region. Solomon Islands: Pacific Islands Forum
Fisheries Agency.
Friedman. 1986. Calculation for Fishing Gear Design Food and Agriculture
Organization of The United Nation - Roma.
Heileman, S. 2009. VIII-16 Sulu-Celebes Sea: LME #37. [digital version]
www.internalwaveatlas.com/Atlas2_PDF/IWAtlas2_Pg393_SuluSe
a2.pdf
Sadhori N. 1985. Tehnik Penangkapan Ikan. Bandung: Penerbit Angkasa.
hal 13-23.
SEAFDEC. 2004. Standard Operating Procedurs for M. V. SEAFDEC 2.
Southeast Asian fisheries Development Center. Training
Department.
Sparre, P ., & S. C. V enema. 1999. Introduction to tropical fish stock
assessment. Part 1 Manual. Rome FAO. Fisheries T echnical Paper
(306/1).
Subani,W. dan Barus, H.R. 1989. Alat Penangkapan Ikan dan Udang laut
di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Perkanan Laut. ISSN0216-7727
Sumiono. 2012. Sampling dengan Trawl untuk Pengkajian Stok Ikan.
Bahan Pelatihan [tidak dipublikasikan]. Peningkatan Kemampuan
SDM: ketrampilan khusus pengkajian stok lanjutan. Jakarta, 19-21
November 2012. 16 hal
von Brandt, A. 1984. Fish catching methods of the world. Fishing News
Books Ltd., England
DOCUMENTATION
APPENDIX
Appendix 1.
Land use of Tarakan
Appendix 2.
Detail chart of fishing activities during observation
'
4
3
°
7
1
1
'
2
3
°
7
1
1
'
0
3
°
7
1
1
'
8
2
°
7
1
1
'
2
3
°
3
N
S
#
#
S
W
U%
%
U
S
#
E
S
'
0
3
°
3
U
%
%
U
'
0
3
°
3
#
Awal Cruise1 #S Akhir Cruise1
Awal Cruise2 #S Akhir Cruise2
Sungai
Pantai
Kota
Jalan
'
2
3
°
3
%
U
U
%
'
6
3
°
7
1
1
LEGENDA
S
#
U
%
S
#
'
6
3
°
7
1
1
'
0
4
°
7
1
1
'
0
3
°
7
1
1
'
0
2
°
7
1
1
'
4
3
°
7
1
1
'
2
3
°
7
1
1
'
0
3
°
7
1
1
'
8
2
°
7
1
1
'
2
4
°
7
1
1
#
'
2
2
°
3
'
2
2
°
3
Andh ika P. Prasetyo
P4KSI - Balit ba ng KP - K
2012
'
4
2
°
3
'
0
2
°
3
'
0
2
°
3
S%
#
%
U
U
%
U#
S
U
%
S
#
U
%
U
%
S
#
U
%
U
%
S
#
'
4
2
°
3
%
U
U
%
U
%
U
%
U
%
U
%
'
6
2
°
3
'
2
4
°
7
1
1
'
0
4
°
7
1
1
'
6
2
°
3
'
0
4
°
7
1
1
'
8
3
°
7
1
1
'
6
3
°
7
1
1
'
0
3
°
3
'
0
3
°
3
%
U
U
%
U
%
U
%
Litang Utara
Daratan
'
8
3
°
7
1
1
'
6
3
°
7
1
1
20 Kilometers
'
0
2
°
3
'
0
2
°
3
10
'
0
4
°
7
1
1
0
'
0
3
°
7
1
1
'
0
2
°
7
1
1
10
Bujur Timur
Appendix 3.
Observation station of tide in Lingkas, Tarakan (www.
Pasangsurut.com, 2012).
Appendix 4.
List of tide in Tarakan waters during November 2012
(Lingkas Station ) (www. Pasangsurut.com, 2012).
Appendix 5. Captain bridge sheet
CAPTAIN BRIDGE SHEET
Cruise no.
Stat no.
Waktu penangkapan Lintang
(local time )
Tanggal:
Area:
Alat tangkap:
Bujur
Kedalaman
perairan (m)
Kedalaman alat
tangkap (m)
Arah angin
Kondisi laut
Awal:
Akhir
Wire out (m)
Towing direction (°)
Kecepatan
Kecepatan
putaran mesin kapal (knot)
(RPM)
Appendix 6. Fishing-log
FISHING LOG
Station no.
1
Position.
Cruise no.
1
Latitude
Longitude
Fishing time.
Start
(local)
Stop
Time / Distance
TOTAL CATCH ( kg )
Large fish (kg)
Small fish: boxes No.
Sorted boxes No.
Sorted boxes (Kg)
SPECIES
Date
Ship
Gear
o
Towing dir ( )
Sea state
Speed
Sub area
SUBSTRATE
NOTES
sorted
w
n
separate sample
w
n
TOTAL CATCH
w
n
Catch per hour
w
n
Stolephorus commersonnii
Sardinella gibbosa
Setipinna tenuifilis
Atule mate
Plotosus lineatus
Arius thalassinus
Johnius sp
Upeneus cf. sulphureus
Lactarius lactarius
Boleophthalmus boddarti
Cynoglossus sp
Psettodes erumei
Harpodon nehereus
Leiognatus sp
Mugil cephalus
Atelomyctreus macleayi
Sorsogona tuberculata
Tetraodon sp
Orheochromis niloticus
Trichiurus lepturus
Lutjanus russelli
Drepane punctata
Scatophagus argus
Sillago sihama
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Pisodonophis sp. A
SHRIMP
Penaeus merguiensis
Penaeus monodon
Penaeus semisulcatus
Penaeus indicus
Metapenaeus endevouri
Metapenaeus ensis
Harpiosquilla raphidea
Portunus pelagicus
Scylla serrata
Loligo edulis
Sepia sp.
Octopus sp
Appendix 7. Local, international and latin name of shrimp trawl catch
Local name
Teri
Sardin
Pupu/bulan2
Selar Como
Sembilang
Manyung
Gulamah
Kuniran
Susu / lemak
Tempakul /
Belodok
Lidah
Sebelah
Nomei
Petek
Belanak
Hiu cicak
Flat fish
Buntal
Nila
Layur
Kakap
Ketang-ketang
Bidang
Besot/Kisu2
Kurau/Senangin
Rembang
Udang
Udang
putih/jerbung
Udang windu
Mantis
Rajungan
Kepiting bakau
Cumi-cumi
Sotong
Gurita
International name
Anchovy
Goldstipe sardine
Longfin anchovy
Yellowtail scad
Striped eel catfish
Giant seacatfish
Croackers
Yellowbelly goatfsh
False trevally
Mudskipper
Groups
Pelagis
Pelagis
Pelagis
Pelagis
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Latin name
Sardinella gibbosa
Atule mate
Plotosus lineatus
Arius thalassinus
Johnius sp
Lactarius lactarius
Tongue soles
Indian halibut
Bombay duck
Ponyfish
Mangrove mullets
Marbled catshark
Tuberculate flathead
Pufferfish
Nile tilapia
Hairtail
Moses perch
Spotted sicklefsh
Spotted scat
Northern whiting
Fourfnger threadfn
Indonesian snake eel
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Demersal
Banana prawn
Krustasea
Cynoglossus sp
Psettodes erumei
Harpodon nehereus
Leiognatus sp
Mugil cephalus
Tetraodon sp
Trichiurus lepturus
Lutjanus russelli
Drepane punctata
Scatophagus argus
Sillago sihama
Pisodonophis sp
SHRIMP
Penaeus merguiensis
Giant tiger prawn
Giant harpiosquillid
mantis
Blue swimming crab
Mud crab
Squid
Cuttlefish
Octopus
Krustasea
Krustasea
Penaeus monodon
Krustasea
Krustasea
Moluska
Moluska
Moluska
Portunus pelagicus
Scylla serrata
Loligo edulis
Sepia sp
Octopus sp
Appendix 8. Tangkapan pukat udang
PELAGIC
Sardinella gibbosa
Atule mate
DEMERSAL
Plotosus lineatus
Arius thalassinus
Johnius sp
Lactarius lactarius
Cynoglossus sp
Psettodes erumei
Harpodon nehereus
Leiognatus sp
Mugil cephalus
Tetraodon sp
Trichiurus lepturus
Lutjanus russelli
Drepane punctata
Scatophagus argus
Sillago sihama
Pisodonophis sp
CRUSTACEA
Penaeus merguiensis
Penaeus monodon
Portunus pelagicus
Scylla serrata
MOLUSCA
Loligo edulis
Sepia sp
Octopus sp
SHELL
UNIDENTIFIED
Appendix 9. Data cruise

the implementatio tarakan east kalim demonstration sit scs

Transcription

Similar documents

RUP Disnaktan TA 2012

PEMERINTAH KOTA TARAKAN BADAN PEMBERDAYMN

Join Colours on a visit to the bustling oil

Tosatrice professionale per animali ali- mentata da rete

depl life-coex ita

1176 2nd Avenue - Winick Realty Group LLC

3 beautiful Greek Islands

Surface circulation and dynamics in the Philippine Archipelago region

Recruitment - PT Badak NGL

map/guide