42V PowerNet

{Ó6Ê*œÜiÀ iÌ
9
5HYLHZRIWKH3ODQQHG
9HKLFOH(OHFWURQLF6\VWHP
'HYHORSPHQWV
,PSOLFDWLRQVIRU%DWWHU\
3HUIRUPDQFHDQG7HVW
7HVW6\VWHPVIRU9
9HKLFOH6\VWHP%DWWHULHV
DQG8OWUDFDSDFLWRUV
0LNH:HLJKDOOLVDQLQGHSHQGHQWFRQVXOWDQWZLWK\HDUVH[SHULHQFHLQWKHEDWWHU\LQGXVWU\+HREWDLQHGKLV&KHPLVWU\GHJUHHIURP
WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI0DQFKHVWHU,QVWLWXWHRI6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\+HKDVVSHQWPRVWRIKLVZRUNLQJFDUHHUDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHEDWWHU\
LQGXVWU\LQDUDQJHRIWHFKQLFDODQGPDQDJHULDOUROHVZLWKPDMRU8.HPSOR\HUVLQFOXGLQJ/XFDV&URPSWRQ&RRNVRQDQG(17(.
,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QUHFHQW\HDUVKHKDVEHHQLQYROYHGZLWKWKH$/$%&$GYDQFHG/HDG$FLG%DWWHU\&RQVRUWLXPDV&KDLUPDQRIWKH
(XURSHDQ7HFKQLFDO&RPPLWWHHPHPEHURIWKH5HVHDUFK0DQDJHPHQW7HDPDQG&KDLUPDQRIWKH3URMHFW$GYLVRU\7HDPRQ6HSDUDWRUV
+HKDVSUHYLRXVO\ZULWWHQWKHµ%DWWHU\7HVW*XLGHµDQGµ$*XLGHWR95/$%DWWHU\)RUPDWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVµIRU'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWV+H
KDVSUHVHQWHGSDSHUVDW,QWHUQDWLRQDO%DWWHU\,QGXVWU\&RQIHUHQFHVVHYHUDORIZKLFKZHUHSXEOLVKHGLQ-RXUQDORI3RZHU6RXUFHV
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
ÞÊ*œˆ˜ÌʜvÊ6ˆiÜ
$GDSWLQJWRWKHUHDOLWLHVRIDWUXO\JOREDOHFRQRP\LVWKHJUHDWHVWFKDOOHQJHIDFHGE\EXVLQHVVHVWRGD\7KLVQHZSDUDGLJPSUHVHQWV
RSSRUWXQLWLHVWRWKRVHEXVLQHVVOHDGHUVWKDWUHFRJQL]HWKHQHHGIRUFKDQJHDQGDGDSWTXLFNO\WRLPSOHPHQWQHZDQGLQQRYDWLYHVWUDWHJLHV
DQGEXVLQHVVSUDFWLFHVWREHWWHUVHUYHWKHLUFXVWRPHU¶VORQJWHUPREMHFWLYHV%XVLQHVVHVPXVWUHDOLJQDQGUHIRFXVWKHPVHOYHVIURPWRSWR
ERWWRPDFURVVDOOIXQFWLRQDOGLVFLSOLQHVVWDUWLQJIURP5'WKURXJK$IWHU6DOH6XSSRUWLIWKH\DUHWRVXFFHHGLQWKLVFRPSHWLWLYHHQYLURQPHQW
6XFFHVVZLOOUHVXOWRQO\DIWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGIXOILOOLQJRUEHWWHU\HWH[FHHGLQJ\RXUFXVWRPHU¶VSUHVHQWDQGIXWXUHH[SHFWDWLRQVUHJDUGLQJ
WKHSURGXFWVDQGRUVHUYLFHVRIIHUHG
'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVURDGPDSWREHVWVHUYLQJLWVFXVWRPHUVLVGHILQHGE\RXU9LVLRQ6WDWHPHQW
´'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVVWULYHVWRPDLQWDLQZRUOGZLGHOHDGHUVKLSLQWKHVXSSO\RILQQRYDWLYHVROXWLRQVIRUWKHWHVWLQJDQGFKDUJLQJRIHQHUJ\
VWRUDJHGHYLFHVHQDEOLQJRXUFXVWRPHUVDFRPSHWLWLYHDGYDQWDJHLQWKHLUPDUNHWVµ7KLV9LVLRQ6WDWHPHQWLVRXUJXLGHOLQHWRPHHWLQJWKHQH[W
FKDOOHQJHWKH93RZHU1HW
)RUPDQ\GHFDGHVWKH9HOHFWULFDOV\VWHPZDVWKHVWDQGDUGHPSOR\HGE\WKHPDMRULW\RIWKHZRUOG¶VDXWRPRELOHPDQXIDFWXUHUV,QWKHPLG
¶VLWZDVFOHDUWKDWWKHYROWV\VWHPKDGVHULRXVHOHFWULFDOOLPLWDWLRQVDQGWKHYROWV\VWHPTXLFNO\EHFDPHLW¶VVXFFHVVRU$VLQRWKHU
LQGXVWULHVWKHUDWHRIFKDQJHLQWKHDXWRPRWLYHLQGXVWU\DFFHOHUDWHGGXULQJWKH¶VDQGRQFHDJDLQSRZHUUHTXLUHPHQWVFRXSOHGZLWK
YHKLFOHHIILFLHQF\GLFWDWHGDQHHGWRWUDQVLWLRQWRDKLJKHUYROWDJHV\VWHP7ZHQW\IRXUYROWEDWWHULHVZHUHLQFRUSRUDWHGRQDOLPLWHGEDVLVEXW
QHYHUJDLQHGXQLYHUVDODFFHSWDQFHZLWKLQWKHLQGXVWU\
7RGD\WKH93RZHU1HWV\VWHPLVEHLQJSURPRWHGDVWKHVROXWLRQWRWKHHOHFWULFDOQHHGVRIWKHIXWXUH:HLJKWVDYLQJLQQRYDWLRQVVXFKDV
HOHFWULFDOO\RSHUDWHGSRZHUVWHHULQJEUDNLQJDQGHQJLQHYDOYHVPDQGDWHWKLVFKDQJH8QOLNHSUHYLRXVV\VWHPVWKDWHPSOR\HGRQO\DEDWWHU\
DQGDQDOWHUQDWRUJHQHUDWRUDVWKHSULQFLSOHHQHUJ\VRXUFHVWKH9V\VWHPXWLOL]HVDGGLWLRQDOHQHUJ\VWRUDJHGHYLFHV7KHGHYHORSPHQWRI
ORZFRVWOLJKWZHLJKWVSLUDOZRXQGXOWUDFDSDFLWRUVRUWKH'/&'RXEOH/D\HU&DSDFLWRUVRSHQVXSWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIFRPELQLQJEDWWHULHVDQG
FDSDFLWRUV8OWUDFDSDFLWRUVDUHDQRSWLPXPVWRUDJHPHGLXPIRUDEVRUELQJDQGUHOHDVLQJODUJHDPRXQWVRIHQHUJ\TXLFNO\7KLVFKDUDFWHULVWLF
PDNHVWKHPDQLGHDOFDQGLGDWHIRUDXWRPRWLYHDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVUHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJDQGK\EULGSURSXOVLRQV\VWHPV)XHOFHOOVDUHDOVR
FRQVLGHUHGDVDQRWKHUDOWHUQDWLYHHQHUJ\VRXUFHDQGPLJKWUHSODFHWKHWUDGLWLRQDOEDWWHU\LQVRPHDSSOLFDWLRQVEXWWKH\DUHQRWH[SHFWHGWREH
UHDG\IRUODUJHVFDOHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQIRUDQRWKHUILYHWRWHQ\HDUV
'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVUHFRJQL]HVWKHFKDOOHQJHWKDWWKLVHYROXWLRQSUHVHQWVWR\RXWKHGHVLJQHUDQGPDQXIDFWXUHU2XUJRDOLVSURYLGHWKH
HTXLSPHQWDQGVRIWZDUHWKDWZLOODVVLVW\RXLQPHHWLQJWKLVFKDOOHQJHZLWKFRPSUHKHQVLYHDQGFRVWHIIHFWLYHVROXWLRQV
5ROI%HFNHUV
WWWDIGATRONCOM
- / Ê " Ê 1 , - Ê Ê / -
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓ
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎ
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ{
ˆ}ÕÀiÊx
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÈ
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÇ
6FKHPDWLFRI'XDO9ROWDJH9HKLFOH
0HUFHGHV%HQ]6/&ODVV
+RQGD,QVLJKW
3RZHUGHPDQGJURZWKZLWKRXW
K\EULGIXQFWLRQV
3RZHUGHPDQGJURZWKZLWK
K\EULGIXQFWLRQV
%RVFKLQWHJUDWHGVWDUWHUJHQHUDWRU
{
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓÎ 7R\RWD7+60PLOGK\EULGV\VWHP
ÓÎ
È
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓ{ -DSDQ6WRUDJH%DWWHU\995/$EDWWHU\
ÓÈ
Ç
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓx ([LGH7HFKQRORJLHV995/$EDWWHU\
ÓÈ
™
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓÈÊ -&,+RSSHFNH995/$EDWWHU\
ÓÈ
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓÇÊ 9DUWD1L0+9EDWWHU\
ÓÈ
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓnÊ Ê*$,$/LWKLXP,RQ9EDWWHU\
ÓÇ
ˆ}ÕÀiÊә 3
RZHUFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI/LLRQDQG
1L0+EDWWHULHVDWYDULRXVWHPSHUDWXUHV
ÓÇ
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎä 8QLYHUVDO%DWWHU\7HVWHU8%7
Îä
™
£ä
&\FOHVWRIDLOXUHYVGLVFKDUJHGHSWK
IRUGLIIHUHQWEDWWHU\V\VWHPV
£Ó
ˆ}ÕÀiÊn
2XWSXWYVLQSXWSRZHUSHUIRUPDQFH
£Î
ˆ}ÕÀiÊΣ %RDUG1HW7HVWHU%17
Σ
ˆ}ÕÀiʙ
6$%&)UHHGRP&$5FROGFUDQNLQJÊ
8
WHVWSURILOH
£{Ê
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎÓ 8OWUDFDS7HVWHU
Î{
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎÎ 0DLQ&RQWURO6FUHHQ%76
ÎÈ
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎ{ 0DLQ3URJUDP(GLWRU%76
În
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎx 7\SLFDO*UDSKLFV'LVSOD\%76
{ä
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎÈ 6XPPDU\%76
{Ó
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£ä ( [LGH7HFKQRORJLHV&UDQNLQJ
3RZHUDW²ƒ&
£{
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ££ ( [LGH7HFKQRORJLHV3HDN3RZHU
YV6R&DWƒ&
£{
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£Ó ( [LGH7HFKQRORJLHV3HDN3RZHU
YV6R&DWƒ&
£x
ˆ}ÕÀiʣΠ3
DQDVRQLFEDWWHU\WHPSHUDWXUH
YV:NJFRPSDULVRQ
£x
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£{ &\FOHOLIHSHUIRUPDQFHLQ36R&F\FOLQJ
/>LiÊ£
XUUHQWWHFKQRORJLHVWREHQHILWIURP
&
9V\VWHPV
n
/>LiÊÓ
)XWXUHWHFKQRORJLHVHQDEOHGE\9V\VWHPV
™
£È
/>LiÊÎ
&ROGFUDQNLQJWHVWSURILOH
£{
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£xÊ =Ê HURSRZHUDVVLVW=3$HIILFLHQF\
DQGOLIHWHVWSURILOH
£n
/>LiÊ{
86$%&9WDUJHWV
£Ç
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£È 3
DUWLDOSRZHUDVVLVW33$HIILFLHQF\
DQGOLIHWHVWSURILOH
Óä
/>LiÊx
= HUR3RZHU$VVLVW=3$HIILFLHQF\DQG
OLIHWHVWSURILOH
£™
ˆ}ÕÀi棂 ) XOOSRZHUDVVLVW)3$HIILFLHQF\
DQGOLIHWHVWSURILOH
Óä
/>LiÊÈ
DUWLDO3RZHU$VVLVW33$HIILFLHQF\
3
DQGOLIHWHVWSURILOH
£™
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£n (&(/OLIHF\FOHWHVWIRU(9
Óä
/>LiÊÇ
) XOO3RZHU$VVLVW)3$HIILFLHQF\DQG
OLIHWHVWSURILOH
£™
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£™ ( 8&$5SRZHUDVVLVWSURILOHIRU
OLIHF\FOHWHVWLQJ
Ó£
/>LiÊn
7HFKQLFDOGDWDIRU&\FOH/LIHWHVW
HTXLSPHQW
Îä
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓä 31*9SRZHUDVVLVWOLIHF\FOH
Ó£
/>Liʙ
Σ
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓ£ 1HZ(XURSHDQ'ULYLQJ&\FOH1('&
Ó£
7 HFKQLFDOGDWDIRU93RZHU1HW
WHVWHTXLSPHQW
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓÓ 'XDO9ROWDJH6\VWHP
ÓÓ
/>LiÊ£ä
7HFKQLFDOGDWDIRU8OWUDFDSWHVWHTXLSPHQW
Î{
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
/ Ê " Ê " / / -
£°ÊÊ ˜ÌÀœ`ÕV̈œ˜Ê
{
Ó°ÊÊ
Ê
Ê
È
6i…ˆViʏiVÌÀˆV>Ê-ÞÃÌi“ÊiÛiœ«“i˜ÌÃÊ
Ê
%DFNJURXQG
%HQHILWV
$XWRPRWLYH'HYHORSPHQWV
+\EULG(OHFWULF9HKLFOHV
ΰÊÊ 6i…ˆViʏiVÌÀˆV>Ê-ÞÃÌi“Ê"«Ìˆœ˜ÃÊ
£Ó°ÊÊ “«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃʜvÊ,i}i˜iÀ>̈ÛiÊÀ>Žˆ˜}Ê
ÓÓ
£Î°Ê Ý>“«iʜvÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ
Ê
vœÀÊ>ʈ`ÊÞLÀˆ`Ê-ÞÃÌi“
ÓÎÊ
n
£{°Ê ÌiÀ˜>̈ÛiÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ-ÞÃÌi“ÃÊ
Ó{
95/$
1L0+
/LLRQ
2WKHU%DWWHU\6\VWHPV
£x°ÊÊ “«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃÊvœÀÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ/iÃ̈˜}Ê
Ón
£È°Ê /iÃÌʵՈ«“i˜ÌÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>˜`ÊÊ
Ê
-«iVˆwV>̈œ˜Ã
ә
£Ç°Ê 1ÌÀ>V>«>VˆÌœÀÃÊ
ÎÓ
£n°Ê 1ÌÀ>V>«ÊµÕˆ«“i˜ÌÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>˜`Ê
Ê
-«iVˆwV>̈œ˜Ã
ÎÎ
£™°Ê œÃÌÊ
œ“«ÕÌiÀÊ-œvÌÜ>ÀiÊ
Îx
Óä°Ê ««i˜`ˆÝÊ
{{
Ó£°Ê œÃÃ>ÀÞʜvÊ/iÀ“ÃÊ
{x
ÓÓ°Ê ,iviÀi˜ViÃÊ
{È
ÓÎ°Ê “«ÀiÃÃՓÊ
{Ç
£ä
x°ÊÊ >ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊÊ
Ê
vœÀÊ
-Ê>˜`Ê-
££
6WDUW6WRSZLWK6WDUWHU$OWHUQDWRU
6WDUW6WRSZLWK,6*,6$
È°ÊÊ “«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃʜvÊ`i‡-̜«Ê"«iÀ>̈œ˜Ê
£Ó
Ç°ÊÊ >ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ*>À>“iÌiÀÃÊ
£Î
n°ÊÊ -Ì>˜`>À`ˆÃ>̈œ˜ÊÃÃÕiÃÊ Ê
£È
™°ÊÊ *œÃÈLiÊÎȇۜÌÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ
Ê
,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃ
£Ç
£ä°ÊÊ ÞViʈviÊ/iÃ̈˜}Ê
WWWDIGATRONCOM
ÓÓ
{°ÊÊ œ`Ê
À>˜Žˆ˜}Ê,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÊ
$YDLODEOH(QHUJ\&DSDFLW\
$YHUDJHDQG3HDN3RZHU
3RZHU3HUIRUPDQFH
&ROG&UDQNLQJ
3RZHU2XWSXWRYHUZLGH6R&UDQJH
3RZHU2XWSXWRYHUZLGHWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJH
&KDUJH$FFHSWDQFH
&\FOH/LIHLQ36R&2SHUDWLRQ
&DOHQGDU/LIH
££°ÊÊ “«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃʜvʈvviÀi˜ÌÊÊ
Ê
>ÌÌiÀÞÊiÈ}˜Ê"«Ìˆœ˜Ã
£n
˜ÌÀœ`ÕV̈œ˜
£°Ê˜ÌÀœ`ÕV̈œ˜
'XULQJWKHQH[WIHZ\HDUVWKHUHZLOOEHDSURJUHVVLYH
IHZVHFRQGV²HYHQDWORZWHPSHUDWXUH²IRUWKHHQJLQHWR
FKDQJHIURPD9HOHFWULFDOV\VWHP9EDWWHU\WRD9
VWDUW'XULQJQRUPDORSHUDWLRQWKHEDWWHU\PD\H[SHULHQFH
HOHFWULFDOV\VWHP9EDWWHU\7KLVQHZV\VWHPLVDOVR
VKDOORZGLVFKDUJHVHJLILWLVVXSSO\LQJSDUWRIWKH
NQRZQDVWKH´93RZHU1HWµ7KLVLVWKHILUVWFKDQJHLQ
HOHFWULFDOORDGGXULQJVWDUWVWRSRSHUDWLRQLQKHDY\WUDIILF
WKHDXWRPRELOHHOHFWULFDOV\VWHPYROWDJHIRURYHU\HDUV
7KHFKDUJHDFFHSWDQFHLVDOVRLPSRUWDQWLQGHWHUPLQLQJWKH
$WWKDWWLPHWKHEDWWHU\YROWDJHZDVFKDQJHGIURPYROWV
DELOLW\RIWKHEDWWHU\WRDFFHSWFKDUJHIURPWKHDOWHUQDWRU
WRYROWVZLWKDQDOWHUQDWRUYROWDJHRIDERXWYROWV
ZKHQLQDSDUWLDOO\GLVFKDUJHGVWDWH8QOHVVWKHYHKLFOH
W\SLFDOO\VHWLQWKHUDQJH²YROWV
LVXVHGSULPDULO\IRUVKRUWXUEDQMRXUQH\VWKHEDWWHU\
7KH9EDWWHU\LVDYLWDOEXWRIWHQIRUJRWWHQFRPSRQHQWRI
FKDUJHDQGFKDUJHFXUUHQWVZLOOEHUHODWLYHO\ORZ7\SLFDO
WKHPRGHUQDXWRPRELOH,WKDVWZRPDLQXVHVLQWKHYHKLFOH
SHUIRUPDQFHWHVWVIRUH[LVWLQJ9EDWWHULHVZLOOLQFOXGH
ZLOOQRUPDOO\EHRSHUDWLQJDWRUQHDUWRDIXOOVWDWHRI
IRUHQJLQHFUDQNLQJDQGWRVXSSRUWHOHFWULFDOV\VWHPV
ZKHQWKHHQJLQHLVQRWUXQQLQJHJNH\RIIORDGVIRUORQJ
5HVHUYH&DSDFLW\7HVWDWDPSVDQGW\SLFDOO\ƒ&
SDUNLQJLQWHUYDOV7KHNH\SHUIRUPDQFHSDUDPHWHULVWKH
&ROG&UDQNWHVWDW²ƒ&
FROGFUDQNLQJFXUUHQWW\SLFDOO\WHVWHGDWDWHPSHUDWXUHRI
&KDUJHDFFHSWDQFHIURPVWDWHRIFKDUJHDWƒ&
²ƒ&:LWKPRGHUQHQJLQHVDQGDXWRPRWLYHHOHFWULFDO
/LIHF\FOHWHVWHJ6$(-WHVWDWƒ&RUƒ&
V\VWHPVWKHVWDUWHUPRWRURQO\QHHGVWRWXUQRYHUIRUD
&UDQNVKDIWVWDUWHUDOWHUQDWRU
(QHUJ\PDQDJHPHQWZLWKLQWHJUDWHG'&'&FRQYHUWHU
7ZREDWWHU\HOHFWULFDOV\VWHP5HOLDELOLW\$YDLODELOLW\
)LJXUH
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
˜ÌÀœ`ÕV̈œ˜
2WKHUWHVWVPD\DOVREHFDUULHGRXWGHSHQGHQWRQWKH
$WWKH6$(&RQIHUHQFHLQ-DQXDU\>@LWZDV
EDWWHU\W\SHDQGDSSOLFDWLRQ6HHWKH'LJDWURQ)LULQJ
SUHGLFWHGWKDWDTXDUWHUWRDKDOIRIDOOQHZEDWWHULHVZRXOG
&LUFXLWV´%DWWHU\7HVW*XLGHµIRUIXUWKHULQIRUPDWLRQ
XVHK\EULG9V\VWHPVE\DQGWKDWZRXOG
KDYHWKHWHFKQRORJ\E\8OWLPDWHO\WKHGULYHUIRU
7KHFROGFUDQNFXUUHQWUDWLQJRIWKHH[LVWLQJ9EDWWHU\DW
WKHZLGHVSUHDGDGRSWLRQRI9V\VWHPVLVOLNHO\WREH
²ƒ&ZLOOEHGHSHQGHQWRQWKHWHVWVSHFLILFDWLRQXVHG)RU
HPLVVLRQUHJXODWLRQVWKHDXWRPDNHUVZLOOEHDEOHWRUHGXFH
H[DPSOHLQ6$(-WKHFROGFUDQNFXUUHQWLVWKHFXUUHQW
WKHHQJLQHVL]HLQYHKLFOHVVLJQLILFDQWO\WKXVUHGXFLQJ
WKDWZLOOPDLQWDLQDYROWDJHDERYHYROWYSFIRUß
K\GURFDUERQHPLVVLRQV
,Q,(&WKHFROGFUDQNFXUUHQWLVWKHFXUUHQWWKDWZLOO
PDLQWDLQDYROWDJHDERYHYROWYSFIRUß
,QWKHPHDQWLPHPDMRUEDWWHU\PDQXIDFWXUHUVDUHGHYRWLQJ
VLJQLILFDQWUHVRXUFHVWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWDQGWHVWLQJRI
$VWKHUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWZRUNRQWKHLQWURGXFWLRQ
9EDWWHULHVIRUWKH93RZHU1HW7KHLQWURGXFWLRQRI
RIWKH93RZHU1HWKDVSURJUHVVHGDQXPEHURI
WKH93RZHU1HWZLOOUHVXOWLQVLJQLILFDQWFKDQJHVWRWKH
WHFKQLFDODQGFRVWLVVXHVKDYHDULVHQWKDWKDYHSURYHG
SHUIRUPDQFHDQGOLIHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHEDWWHU\7KLV
PRUHGLIILFXOWWRUHVROYHWKDQZDVRULJLQDOO\DQWLFLSDWHG$V
EURFKXUHZLOOUHYLHZWKHSODQQHGYHKLFOHHOHFWULFDOV\VWHP
DUHVXOWPRVWYHKLFOHPDQXIDFWXUHUVKDYHGHOD\HGWKHLU
GHYHORSPHQWVDQGWKHLPSOLFDWLRQVIRUEDWWHU\SHUIRUPDQFH
SODQQHGLQWURGXFWLRQRIWKH93RZHU1HWE\\HDUV
DQGWHVWUHTXLUHPHQWV
1HYHUWKHOHVVWKHPDUNHWLVVWLOOH[SHFWHGWRH[SHULHQFH
VLJQLILFDQWJURZWKIURPRQ2QHIRUHFDVW>@VXJJHVWV
­“«œÀÌ>˜ÌʘœÌi\Ê
œ˜vÕȜ˜Ê“>ÞÊ>ÀˆÃiÊiˆÌ…iÀʈ˜Ê̅ˆÃÊ
WKDWE\WKHUHZLOOEHPYHKLFOHVZLWKDGYDQFHG
Ài«œÀÌʜÀʈ˜ÊÀiviÀi˜ViÃʈ˜Ê̅iʓi`ˆ>Ê܅i˜Ê…ˆ}…ÊۜÌ>}iÊ
EDWWHULHVRIYROWVRUKLJKHU0DQ\FRXOGEH1L0+7KH
>Õ̜“œLˆiÊiiVÌÀˆV>ÊÃÞÃÌi“ÃÊ>ÀiÊÀiviÀÀi`Ê̜Ê>Ãʺ{Ó6»Ê
PDUNHWIRU95/$DGYDQFHGEDWWHULHVYROWRUKLJKHU
œÀʺÎÈ6»°Ê/…iÃiÊ>ÀiʘœÌÊÓÊ`ˆvviÀi˜ÌÊÃÞÃÌi“ðʜÃÌÊ
FRXOGEHPLOOLRQE\$QRWKHUUHFHQWIRUHFDVW>@
œvÊ̅iʓi`ˆ>ÊÃ̜ÀˆiÃÊ>ÀˆÃiÊ`ˆÀiV̏ÞʜÀʈ˜`ˆÀiV̏ÞÊvÀœ“Ê
SUHGLFWVWKDWLQ1RUWK$PHULFDWKHUHFRXOGEHP
̅iÊ>Õ̜“œÌˆÛiÊÛi…ˆViʓ>˜Õv>VÌÕÀiÀÃ]Ê܅œÊÀiviÀÊ̜Ê
9EDWWHULHVE\PZRUOGZLGHE\DQG
̅iʅˆ}…ÊۜÌ>}iÊiiVÌÀˆV>ÊÃÞÃÌi“Ê>ÃÊ>ʺ{Ó6»ÊÃÞÃÌi“Ê
PZRUOGZLGHE\ILJXUHVIRU2ULJLQDO(TXLSPHQW
LiV>ÕÃiÊ̅ˆÃʈÃÊ̅iÊ}i˜iÀ>̜ÀÊ­>ÌiÀ˜>̜À®ÊۜÌ>}i°Ê˜Ê>Ê
5HSODFHPHQWVDOHVZLOOIROORZ%\WKHUHFRXOGEH
ȓˆ>ÀÊÜ>Þ]Ê̅iÞÊܜՏ`ÊÀiviÀÊ̜Ê̅iÊi݈Ã̈˜}Ê>Õ̜“œÌˆÛiÊ
DQQXDOVDOHVRIP2(DQGPUHSODFHPHQWZKLFK
iiVÌÀˆV>ÊÃÞÃÌi“Ê>ÃÊ>ʺ£{ÊۜÌ»ÊÃÞÃÌi“°ÊœÜiÛiÀ]Ê>ÃÊv>ÀÊ
LVDSSUR[LPDWHO\RIWKHWRWDOEDWWHU\PDUNHW7KHVH
>ÃÊ̅iÊL>ÌÌiÀÞʓ>˜Õv>VÌÕÀiÀʈÃÊVœ˜ViÀ˜i`]Ê̅iÃiÊÃÞÃÌi“ÃÊ
EDWWHULHV²LIRI95/$FRQVWUXFWLRQ²FRXOGDOVREH
܈ÊÀiµÕˆÀiÊ>ÊÎÈÊۜÌʜÀÊ>Ê£ÓÊۜÌÊL>ÌÌiÀÞÊÀiëiV̈ÛiÞÊ­£nÊ
KHDYLHUWKDQWKHH[LVWLQJ9EDWWHULHVZKLFKREYLRXVO\KDV
ViÃʜÀÊÈÊViÃÊ«iÀÊ՘ˆÌʈvÊ̅iÊL>ÌÌiÀÞʈÃʏi>`‡>Vˆ`®®°
DYHU\VLJQLILFDQWHIIHFWRQWKHWRWDOPDUNHWYDOXH
WWWDIGATRONCOM
6i…ˆViʏiVÌÀˆV>Ê-ÞÃÌi“ÊiÛiœ«“i˜ÌÃ
Ó°Ê6i…ˆViʏiVÌÀˆV>Ê-ÞÃÌi“ÊiÛiœ«“i˜ÌÃ
Ó°£Ê>VŽ}ÀœÕ˜`
VDIHW\LVVXHVDQGPDNHVWDQGDUGVSURSRVDOVIRU,627KLV
UHVXOWHGLQDVHWRIUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVSURSRVLQJDV\VWHP
7KHSURSRVHGPRYHIURPD9WRD9V\VWHPYROWDJH
YROWDJHRI9QRZNQRZQDVWKH93RZHU1HW
ZDVLQLWLDWHGE\DFRQVRUWLXPRIYHKLFOHPDQXIDFWXUHUV
$XWRPRELOHHQJLQHHUVQRZZDQWWRLQWURGXFHPDQ\QHZ
DQGFRPSRQHQWVXSSOLHUVXQGHUWKHDXVSLFHVRI0,7
HOHFWURQLFGHYHORSPHQWVVXFKDVHOHFWULFSRZHUVWHHULQJ
0DVVDFKXVHWWV,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\LQ0HUFHGHV
EUDNLQJVXVSHQVLRQDFFHOHUDWRUHOHFWURQLFDOO\DFWXDWHG
%HQ]ZHUHWKHSULPHPRYHUDVWKH\KDGUHDOLVHGWKDWD
HQJLQHYDOYHVHWF7KHVHQHZGHYHORSPHQWVZLOOUHVXOWLQ
KLJKHUYROWDJHZRXOGEHQHHGHGWRVXSSRUWWKHSRZHU
DIXUWKHUVLJQLILFDQWLQFUHDVHLQWKHDXWRPRELOHHOHFWULFDO
KXQJU\HOHFWULFDOV\VWHPVHQYLVLRQHGIRUIXWXUHSURGXFWLRQ
ORDG,QVRPHODUJHFDUVWKH9FKDUJLQJV\VWHPVDUH
YHKLFOHV7KHHOHFWULFDOORDGKDGEHHQJURZLQJDQQXDOO\
DOUHDG\VWUXJJOLQJWRFRSHDVWKH\DUHFRPSURPLVHGE\
DVPRUHDQGPRUHDFFHVVRULHVZHUHDGGHGSDUWLFXODU\
EXON\ZLULQJKDUQHVVHVKHDY\PRWRUVDQGHOHFWURQLFVWKDW
LQOX[XULRXVYHUVLRQVVXFKDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHVH
DUHVXEMHFWWRYROWDJHLUUHJXODULWLHV7KHVHQHZHOHFWURQLF
LQFOXGHDODUPV\VWHPVVWHUHRV\VWHPVHOHFWULFZLQGRZV
GHYHORSPHQWVUHTXLUHWKHKLJKHUV\VWHPYROWDJHSURYLGHG
KHDWHGZLQGVFUHHQVKHDWHGVHDWVHOHFWULFGRRUPLUURUVHWF
E\WKH93RZHU1HW7KLVGHYHORSPHQWLVH[SHFWHGWR
HWF$TXLFNVKRUWWHUPVROXWLRQZRXOGEHWRDGGDVHFRQG
SURFHHGLQVWDJHVZLWKDGXDOYROWDJHV\VWHPLQLWLDOO\
9EDWWHU\EXW0HUFHGHVVRXJKWDPRUHHOHJDQWRSWLRQLH
99)LJXUHIROORZHGDIWHUDIHZ\HDUVE\DVLQJOH
DKLJKHUV\VWHPYROWDJH7KH0,7&RQVRUWLXPZDVIRUPHG
9V\VWHPLQZKLFKORZHUYROWDJHVHJIRUOLJKWLQJDUH
WRHVWDEOLVKWKHRSWLPXPV\VWHPYROWDJHGLVFXVVUHOHYDQW
DFKLHYHGE\DORZFRVWGFGFFRQYHUWHU
)LJXUH
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
6i…ˆViʏiVÌÀˆV>Ê-ÞÃÌi“ÊiÛiœ«“i˜ÌÃ
Ó°ÓÊi˜iwÌÃʜvÊ̅iʈ}…iÀÊ-ÞÃÌi“Ê6œÌ>}i
ZLWKDEDWWHU\9HKLFOHVVXFKDVWKH3ULXVDQG,QVLJKWXVH
DPXFKKLJKHUEDWWHU\YROWDJHWKDQLVSURSRVHGIRUWKH
(QDEOHVWKHDXWRPRWLYHHOHFWULFDOV\VWHPWRKDQGOHWKH
93RZHU1HWWKH+RQGD,QVLJKWLVD9V\VWHPZKLOH
ODWHVW´IO\E\ZLUHµWHFKQRORJ\ZLWKVWHHULQJEUDNHV
WKH7R\RWD3ULXVLVD9V\VWHP7KHFRPELQDWLRQRI
HOHFWURPDJQHWLFLJQLWLRQDFWLYHVXVSHQVLRQDOOFRQWUROOHG
WKHEDWWHU\DQGDVPDOOHU,&(HQDEOHVWKHV\VWHPWREH
E\WKHYHKLFOHHOHFWURQLFV
RSWLPLVHGDQGDVLJQLILFDQWLPSURYHPHQWLQIXHOHFRQRP\
DFKLHYHG,QWKHH[DPSOHVRIWKH7R\RWD3ULXVDQG+RQGD
/RZHUIXHOFRQVXPSWLRQ)RUH[DPSOHLWHQDEOHVWKH
,QVLJKWLWLVQRWSRVVLEOHWRUXQRQSXUHEDWWHU\SRZHUDQG
YHKLFOHPDQXIDFWXUHUWRPHHW(XURSHDQUHTXLUHPHQWV
WKHEDWWHU\FDQQRWEHUHFKDUJHGE\H[WHUQDOSRZHULWLV
IRUUHGXFWLRQVLQIXHOFRQVXPSWLRQWKHDYHUDJHSRZHU
UHFKDUJHGE\WKH,&HQJLQHRUGXULQJHQJLQHEUDNLQJ6RPH
FRQVXPSWLRQRIDW\SLFDO(XURSHDQFDULVDURXQG:
K\EULGHOHFWULFYHKLFOHGHVLJQVDOVRRIIHUWKHRSSRUWXQLW\RI
ZKLFKDFFRXQWVIRURIIXHOFRQVXPSWLRQ
SXUHHOHFWULFGULYH]HURHPLVVLRQLQFLWLHVZLWKWKHEHQHILW
RIWKH,&(IRUKLJKHUVSHHGVDQGORQJHUUDQJHRXWRIWRZQ
/RZHUFDEOLQJFRVWV²WKHFKDQJHIURPD9WRD9
V\VWHPFRXOGKDOYHFDEOHFRVWVDOWKRXJKWKLVEHQHILW
:LWKWKHDGYHQWRIWKH93RZHU1HWWKLVKLJKHUHOHFWULFDO
PD\QRWDSSO\LILGOHVWRSRSHUDWLRQLVLPSOHPHQWHG
V\VWHPYROWDJHDOVRDOORZVYHKLFOHV\VWHPHQJLQHHUVWR
XVLQJDQLQWHJUDWHGVWDUWHUJHQHUDWRU
FRQVLGHULQFUHDVHGK\EULGLVDWLRQRIWKHSRZHUWUDLQ7KH
RSWLRQVLQFOXGHLGOHVWRSRSHUDWLRQRIWKHYHKLFOHDGGLWLRQDO
(QDEOHVKLJKHUHOHFWULFDOORDGVDULVLQJIURPWKHQHZ
SRZHUDVVLVWDQFHIRUDFFHOHUDWLRQDQGUHJHQHUDWLYH
HOHFWURQLFV\VWHPVPHQWLRQHGDERYH
EUDNLQJDVRXWOLQHGLQPRUHGHWDLOLQWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQ
$GRSWLRQRIWKHQHZHOHFWURQLFV\VWHPVZLOOLPSURYHIXHO
FRQVHUYDWLRQDQGDLUTXDOLW\
+LJKHUUHOLDELOLW\DOWKRXJKLQLWLDOO\DQ\LPSURYHPHQWVDUH
OLDEOHWREHPDUJLQDO
Ó°ÎÊÕ̜“œÌˆÛiÊiÛiœ«“i˜ÌÃ
7KHFXUUHQWWHFKQRORJLHVZKLFKZLOOEHQHILWIURP9
V\VWHPVDQGWKHIXWXUHWHFKQRORJLHVHQDEOHGE\9
V\VWHPVDUHVKRZQLQWKH'HOSKLWDEOHVDQG
Ó°{ÊÞLÀˆ`ʏiVÌÀˆVÊ6i…ˆViÃ
7KHUHLVDJURZLQJOHYHORILQWHUHVWLQK\EULGHOHFWULF
YHKLFOHVWKHPRVWZHOONQRZQRIWKHVHWRGDWHEHLQJWKH
7R\RWD3ULXVDQGWKH+RQGD,QVLJKW)LJXUH7KHK\EULG
HOHFWULFYHKLFOHXVHVDFRQYHQWLRQDO,&HQJLQHFRXSOHG
)LJXUH
WWWDIGATRONCOM
6i…ˆViʏiVÌÀˆV>Ê-ÞÃÌi“Ê"«Ìˆœ˜Ã
ΰÊ6i…ˆViʏiVÌÀˆV>Ê-ÞÃÌi“Ê"«Ìˆœ˜Ã
7KHUHLVQRZDQDOPRVWEHZLOGHULQJUDQJHRISRVVLEOH
RSWLRQWKHEDWWHU\VKRXOGEHUHQDPHG´6/,3$µ6WDUWLQJ
YHKLFOHHOHFWULFDOV\VWHPGHYHORSPHQWVHDFKRIZKLFKZLOO
/LJKWLQJ,JQLWLRQDQG3RZHU$QFLOODULHV
PDNHGLIIHUHQWSHUIRUPDQFHGHPDQGVRQWKHEDWWHU\
9HKLFOHVZLOODOVRLQFRUSRUDWHRQHRUPRUHRIWKHIROORZLQJ
9ZLWKH[WUDSRZHUIRUDFFHVVRULHVEXWQRVWRSVWDUW
IHDWXUHVDVLQGLFDWHGLQ7DEOHDQG7DEOH
6/,3$
9ZLWKVWRSVWDUW,6*QR+(9IXQFWLRQV
9ODXQFKDVVLVWVRIWPLOGK\EULGPD\DOVRKDYH
&RPELQHG6WDUWHU$OWHUQDWRU&6$RU,QWHJUDWHG
6WDUWHU*HQHUDWRU,6*
(OHFWULF3RZHU6WHHULQJ
UHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ
9SRZHUDVVLVWIXQFWLRQVDV+(9WRERRVWHQJLQH
(OHFWULF%UDNHV
%UDNHE\ZLUH
SRZHUZKHQUHTXLUHG
+LJKYROWDJHSRZHUDVVLVWHJ7R\RWD3ULXV9RU
6WHHUE\ZLUH
(OHFWURPDJQHWLFYDOYHFRQWURO
KLJKHU
3DUDOOHOK\EULGFDQIXQFWLRQDVSXUH(9!N:
5LGHFRQWUROV\VWHPV
0RELOH0XOWLPHGLD
UHTXLUHG
)RURSWLRQVSRZHUUHTXLUHPHQWVZLOOUDQJHIURPDERXW
N:WRDERXWN:,WKDVEHHQVXJJHVWHG>@WKDWIRU
ÕÀÀi˜ÌÊ/iV…˜œœ}ˆiÃÊ/œÊi˜iwÌÊÀœ“Ê{Ó6Ê-ÞÃÌi“Ã
/iV…˜œœ}Þ
i˜iwÌÃ
iVÌÀˆVÊ«œÜiÀÊÃÌiiÀˆ˜}
0RUHSRZHU²LPSURYHGIXHOHFRQRP\
iVÌÀˆVÊLÀ>ŽiÃ
5HGXQGDQWSRZHUVXSSOLHV
*œÜiÀÊ܈˜`œÜÃ]Ê«œÜiÀÊÃi>ÌÃ]Ê>˜`Ê«œÜiÀʏˆvÌÊ}>ÌiÃ
5HGXFHGVL]HDQGPDVVRIPRWRUVPRUHHIILFLHQWRSHUDWLRQ
i>Ìi`ÊV>Ì>Þ̈VÊVœ˜ÛiÀÌiÀ
/RZHUHPLVVLRQVTXLFNHUOLJKWRIIWLPHRIFRQYHUWHU
6
ÊLœÜiÀʓœÌœÀÃÊ>˜`ÊVœœˆ˜}Êv>˜Ã
*UHDWHUHIILFLHQF\VPDOOHUOLJKWHUXQLWVIOH[LEOHSDFNDJLQJ
œLˆiʓՏ̈“i`ˆ>
0RUHSRZHUDYDLODEOHIRUYLGHRFHOOXODUSKRQHVQDYLJDWLRQ
V\VWHPVDXGLRDPSOLILHUVDQGID[
7>ÌiÀʫՓ«Ã
,PSURYHGHIILFLHQF\ORQJHUVHUYLFHOLIH
-iiVÌÊi˜}ˆ˜iʓ>˜>}i“i˜ÌÊÃÞÃÌi“ÊVœ“«œ˜i˜ÌÃÊ­ÃÕV…Ê>ÃÊ 5HGXFHGVL]HDQGPDVVLQFUHDVHGSHUIRUPDQFH
,ÊÛ>ÛiÃ]ʈ}˜ˆÌˆœ˜ÊÃÞÃÌi“Ã]Ê>˜`ÊVœ˜ÌÀœÊ>VÌÕ>̜Àî
ÕiÊ«Õ“«Ã
5HGXFHGVL]HDQGPDVV
i>Ìi`ÊÃi>ÌÃ
)DVWHUKHDWLQJPRUHHIILFLHQWRSHUDWLRQLQFUHDVHGSRZHU
/>LiÊ£
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
6i…ˆViʏiVÌÀˆV>Ê-ÞÃÌi“Ê"«Ìˆœ˜Ã
ÕÌÕÀiÊ/iV…˜œœ}ˆiÃʘ>Li`ÊLÞÊ{Ó6Ê-ÞÃÌi“Ã
/iV…˜œœ}Þ
i˜iwÌÃ
,ˆ`iÊVœ˜ÌÀœÊÃÞÃÌi“Ã
,PSURYHGULGHKDQGOLQJDQGYHKLFOHVWDELOLW\
À>Ži‡Lއ܈Ài
,PSURYHGYHKLFOHSDFNDJLQJDQGEUDNHSHUIRUPDQFH
-ÌiiÀ‡Lއ܈Ài
(QKDQFHGSHUIRUPDQFHLPSURYHGSDFNDJLQJLPSURYHG
SDVVLYHDQGDFWLYHVDIHW\
iVÌÀœ“>}˜ïVÊÛ>ÛiÊVœ˜ÌÀœ
/RZHUHPLVVLRQVRSWLPXPSRZHULQGLYLGXDOF\OLQGHU
FRQWUROORZHUFRVWV
/>LiÊÓ
$OOWKHVHSRVVLEOHRSWLRQVUHVXOWLQFRQVLGHUDEOHFKDOOHQJHV
IRUWKHEDWWHU\GHVLJQHUDQGHDFKRSWLRQPD\UHTXLUH
DVOLJKWO\GLIIHUHQWEDWWHU\WHVWUHJLPH7KHIROORZLQJ
UHTXLUHPHQWVQHHGWREHWDNHQLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQZKHQ
GHVLJQLQJWKHEDWWHU\DQGVSHFLI\LQJLWVSHUIRUPDQFH
±Ê([WUDSRZHUIRUDFFHVVRULHV
±Ê6WRSVWDUW,GOHVWRS
±Ê/DXQFK$VVLVW
±Ê5HJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ
±Ê3RZHU$VVLVW
±Ê$GGLWLRQDOYHKLFOHIHDWXUHVFRPIRUWGULYHWUDLQVDIHW\
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ{Ê
HWF
,! ! ! -. /$
ZLWKRXWK\EULGIXQFWLRQVFRPSDULQJ86DQG(XURSHDQ
)
YHKLFOHVDQGLQGLFDWLQJWKHPD[LPXPDYDLODEOHN:IURPWKH
)
H[LVWLQJ9DOWHUQDWRU)LJXUH>@VKRZVWKHDQWLFLSDWHG
SRZHUGHPDQGJURZWKZLWK+\EULGIXQFWLRQVDQGLQGLFDWHV
WKHPD[LPXPN:DYDLODEOHIURPD9EHOWGULYHQ
$OWHUQDWRUDERXWN:DQGIURPWKH9,6*DERXW
N:
*+
)LJXUH>@VKRZVWKHDQWLFLSDWHGSRZHUGHPDQGJURZWK
)
! $ " # %&'
)
) )
)
)
(
ˆ}ÕÀiÊx
WWWDIGATRONCOM
œ`Ê
À>˜Žˆ˜}Ê,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÊvœÀÊ̅iÊ{Ó6Ê*œÜiÀ iÌ
{°Ê
œ`Ê
À>˜Žˆ˜}Ê,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÊvœÀÊ̅iÊ{Ó6Ê*œÜiÀ iÌ
$SRWHQWLDOEHQHILWRIDFKDQJHLQEDWWHU\YROWDJHIURP9
HQDEOHGE\WKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDORZFRVW6WDUWHU$OWHUQDWRU
WR9LVWKDWWKLVVKRXOGUHVXOWLQDORZHUFROGFUDQNLQJ
6$RU&6$RUWKHPRUHH[SHQVLYHLQWHJUDWHGVWDUWHU
FXUUHQW)RUH[DPSOHDFROGFUDQNFXUUHQWUHTXLUHPHQWRI
JHQHUDWRU,6*RU,6$7KLVKDVHQDEOHGVWDUWVWRSRSWLRQV
DPSVIRUD9EDWWHU\FRXOGEHUHGXFHGWRDERXW
WREHFRQVLGHUHGLQIXWXUHHOHFWULFDOV\VWHPDUFKLWHFWXUHV
DPSVIRUD9EDWWHU\7KLVZLOOKDYHWKHEHQHILWRID
:KHQWKHYHKLFOHVWRSVWKHHQJLQHFXWVRXWDQGUHVWDUWV
VLJQLILFDQWUHGXFWLRQLQFDEOHVL]HV7KHKHDWLQJHIIHFWLQ
DJDLQDOPRVWLQVWDQWDQHRXVO\ZKHQWKHDFFHOHUDWRUSHGDOLV
WKHFXUUHQWFDUU\LQJFDEOHVLVLQYHUVHO\SURSRUWLRQDOWRWKH
GHSUHVVHG7KLVKDVREYLRXVEHQHILWVLQWHUPVRISROOXWLRQ
VTXDUHRIWKHFXUUHQW
UHGXFWLRQDQGIXHOHFRQRP\+RZHYHUWKHLGOHVWRSV\VWHP
DOVRPDNHVDGGLWLRQDOGHPDQGVRQWKHEDWWHU\ZKLFKPD\
:KLOHWKHUHGXFWLRQLQFDEOHVL]HVDQGUHVXOWDQWFRVWVDYLQJ
EHUHTXLUHGWRPDNHVHYHUDOKLJKFXUUHQWVWDUWVLQTXLFN
ZDVLQLWLDOO\VHHQDVDVLJQLILFDQWEHQHILWRIWKHPRYH
VXFHVVLRQFRPELQHGZLWKKLJKHUVWDUWLQJFXUUHQWVLIWKH
WRWKH93RZHU1HWPRUHUHFHQWGHYHORSPHQWVPLJKW
,6*V\VWHPLVXVHG$VDUHVXOWWKHRULJLQDOO\DQWLFLSDWHG
UHVXOWLQKLJKHUSRZHUUHTXLUHPHQWV,GOHVWRSRSHUDWLRQLV
UHGXFWLRQLQFDEOHVL]HVPD\QRWDFWXDOO\EHDFKLHYHG
QRZH[SHFWHGWREHDPDMRUIHDWXUHRIWKH93RZHU1HW
)LJXUH
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
>ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊvœÀÊ
-Ê>˜`Ê-
x°Ê>ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊvœÀÊ
-Ê>˜`Ê-
x°£Ê-Ì>À̇-̜«Ê܈̅Ê-Ì>ÀÌiÀ‡ÌiÀ˜>̜À
VWDUWVWRSPRGHRQLGOLQJODXQFKDVVLVWSRZHUDVVLVWDQG
UHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ6WDUWVWRSLVDNH\IHDWXUHDVWKLV
6WDUW6WRSFDQEHLPSOHPHQWHGZLWKDORZFRVWDLUFRROHG
UHGXFHVIXHOFRQVXPSWLRQDQGHOLPLQDWHVHPLVVLRQVZKLOH
6WDUWHU$OWHUQDWRU6$RU&6$UDWHGDWN:FRQWLQXRXV
WKHHQJLQHLGOHVWKHGLUWLHVWSRLQWLQLWVGXW\F\FOH7KH
RXWSXWSRZHU$VSHFLDOZLGHKLJKVWUHQJWKEHOWWUDQVIHUV
JDVROLQHHQJLQHWKHQUHVWDUWVZLWKLQDIUDFWLRQRIDVHFRQG
SRZHUEHWZHHQWKH6$SXOOH\DQGWKHHQJLQHSXOOH\6$
VRWKDWWKHGULYHUGRHVQRWQRWLFHWKHWLPHODJ7KH,6*LV
UHWURILWVLQWRH[LVWLQJHQJLQHVDQGHOLPLQDWHVWKHVWDUWHU
W\SLFDOO\UDWHGDWN:FRQWLQXRXVRXWSXWSRZHUDQGXSWR
PRWRUDQGIO\ZKHHOWHHWKWKXVLPSURYLQJUHOLDELOLW\,WLV
N:VKRUWWHUPSRZHU)LJXUH%HFDXVHRIWKHKLJKHU
VXLWDEOHIRUJDVROLQHHQJLQHVXSWR/GLHVHOHQJLQHVXS
FRVWRI,6*DQGWKHKLJKHUSRZHUUHTXLUHPHQWLWLVOHVV
WR/$LUFRROHG6WDUWHU$OWHUQDWRUVUDWHGDWN:
OLNHO\WREHILWWHGWRPDVVPDUNHWYHKLFOHVWKDQWKHEHOW
FRQWLQXRXVRXWSXWZLOOEHDYDLODEOHIURPQHDUO\HYHU\
GULYHQ&6$
WUDGLWLRQDOVXSSOLHURIDOWHUQDWRUV
7KH,6*V\VWHPUHTXLUHVWKHXVHRIDGYDQFHGEDWWHU\
%\ZD\RIH[DPSOHLQ2FWREHU'HOSKLDQQRXQFHGD
WHFKQRORJ\7KHEDWWHU\QHHGVWRVXVWDLQYHKLFOHHOHFWULFDO
9EHOWDOWHUQDWRUVWDUWHUV\VWHPWKDWUHSODFHVWKHH[LVWLQJ
ORDGVGXULQJHQJLQHRIISHULRGVDFFHSWKLJKOHYHOVRI
VWDUWHUDQGJHQHUDWRUZLWKDKLJKRXWSXWEHOWGULYHQPRWRU
UHJHQHUDWLYHHQHUJ\GXULQJEUDNLQJDQGSURYLGHIRUHQJLQH
JHQHUDWRU7KLVLVGHVLJQHGIRUXVHZLWKDGXDOEDWWHU\
WRUTXHERRVWLQJ7KH9DUFKLWHFWXUHLVQHHGHGWRUXQDQ
V\VWHP7KH9RXWSXWFKDUJHVD9EDWWHU\ZKLOHD'&
,6*V\VWHPDQGHYHQKLJKHUYROWDJHVDUHQHHGHGIRUIXOO
'&FRQYHUWHULVXVHGWRFKDUJHDFRQYHQWLRQDO9EDWWHU\
EORZQK\EULGVVXFKDVWKH+RQGD,QVLJKWDQGWKH7R\RWD
7KLVV\VWHPHQDEOHVDVWDUWVWRSIXQFWLRQWKDWVKXWVRIIWKH
3ULXV
LQWHUQDOFRPEXVWLRQHQJLQHZKHQWKHYHKLFOHLVDWUHVWDQG
UHVWDUWVWKHHQJLQHZLWKLQPLOOLVHFRQGVZKHQWKHGULYHU
%HFDXVHWKH,6*FDQSURYLGHFRQVWDQWWRUTXHXSWRWKH
SXWVKLVIRRWRQWKHDFFHOHUDWRU7KHLPPHGLDWHEHQHILWLVDQ
VSHHGDWZKLFKLWUHDFKHVLWVSRZHUOLPLWIXHOLQMHFWLRQLV
LQFUHDVHLQIXHOPLOHDJHDQGUHGXFWLRQLQHPLVVLRQV
GHOD\HGXQWLODERXWPVDWZKLFKSRLQWWKHHQJLQHILUHV
LPPHGLDWHO\VXSSO\LQJRQO\HQRXJKIXHOWRPDLQWDLQLGOH
7KLVKDVWKHSUDFWLFDOEHQHILWVRIVDYLQJIXHODQGUHGXFLQJ
x°ÓÊ-Ì>À̇-̜«Ê܈̅Ê-Ê­-®
K\GURFDUERQHPLVVLRQV
2QHRIWKHPRUHLQWHUHVWLQJFRQVHTXHQFHVRILQFUHDVLQJ
6LHPHQV>@TXRWHWKHIROORZLQJEDWWHU\SHUIRUPDQFH
WKHHOHFWULFSRZHUDYDLODEOHLQWKHYHKLFOHWRYROWVLVWKDW
UHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKH,6*
WKHWRUTXHSURGXFWLRQFDSDELOLW\RIWKHDOWHUQDWRUEHFRPHV
VXIILFLHQWWRFUDQNWKHHQJLQH,QHIIHFWWKHVWDUWHUPRWRU
N:PD[LPXPFRQWLQXRXVSRZHU
FDQEHHOLPLQDWHGDQGWKHVWDUWHUDQGDOWHUQDWRUFDQEH
8SWRN:VKRUWWHUPSRZHU
FRPELQHGLQRQHPDFKLQHWKDWFDQEHUXQFRQVWDQWO\
&ROGFUDQNLQJN:IRUVHF
7KH,QWHJUDWHG6WDUWHU*HQHUDWRU,6*LVDPXOWLSXUSRVH
PRWRUWKDWVWDUWVWKHJDVROLQHHQJLQHDQGDOVRIXQFWLRQV
6RPHPDQXIDFWXUHUVFDOOWKH,6*V\VWHPDVWDUWHU
DVDQHOHFWULFPRWRUWRDVVLVWLQDFFHOHUDWLQJWKHYHKLFOH
JHQHUDWRUVRPHUHIHUWRLWDVDVWDUWHUDOWHUQDWRU+RQGD
DQGUHFKDUJLQJWKHEDWWHU\SDFN%HFDXVHLWILWVLQWRWKH
XVHWKHWHUP,0$RU,QWHJUDWHG0RWRU$VVLVW&RQWLQHQWDO
VSDFHQRUPDOO\WDNHQXSE\WKHIO\ZKHHODQGVWDUWHUPRWRU
XVHWKHWHUP,6$',QWHJUDWHG6WDUWHU$OWHUQDWRU'DPSHU
LQWKHEHOOKRXVLQJLQDFRQYHQWLRQDOYHKLFOHWKHUHLVOLWWOH
V\VWHP7KH&RQWLQHQWDO,6$'V\VWHPZLOOEHILWWHGWR
QHWDGGLWLRQDOYHKLFOHZHLJKW%RWKWKHDOWHUQDWRUDQG
HOHFWULFK\EULGSLFNXSWUXFNVVXFKDVWKH*0&KHY\
VWDUWHUPRWRUDUHHOLPLQDWHGLPSURYLQJUHOLDELOLW\,WHQDEOHV
6LOYHUDGRDQG*0&6LHUUDWUXFNV
WWWDIGATRONCOM
“«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃʜvÊ`i‡-̜«Ê"«iÀ>̈œ˜
7KH,6$'V\VWHPZLOOSURYLGHLQVWDQWVWDUWVVWDUWVWRS
689HWF$QH[DPSOHLVWKH-DQXDU\DQQRXQFHPHQW
KLJKHIILFLHQF\9HOHFWULFDOSRZHUDFWLYHGDPSLQJDQG
E\&RQWLQHQWDOWKDWWKHPRGHO\HDU&KHY\6LOYHUDGR
UHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ,WZLOODOVRSRZHU9DFFHVVRULHV
DQG*0&6LHUUDWUXFNVZLOORIIHUDQRSWLRQDOK\EULG
VXFKDVSRZHUVWHHULQJ)XHOHFRQRP\LPSURYHPHQWVRIXS
SURSXOVLRQSDFNDJHIHDWXULQJ&RQWLQHQWDO·V,6$'V\VWHP
WRDUHDQWLFLSDWHG
7KLVZLOOHQDEOHIXHOHFRQRP\LPSURYHPHQWVRIXSWR
DVZHOODVSRZHULQJDFFHVVRULHVVXFKDVHOHFWULFSRZHU
7KHKLJKFRVWRIWKH,6*PHDQVWKDWLWLVXQOLNHO\WREHILWWHG
VWHHULQJ7KH,6$'V\VWHPZLOODOVRLQFOXGHVWDUWVWRSDQG
WRPDVVPDUNHWFDUVWKHDSSOLFDWLRQVDUHPRUHOLNHO\WR
UHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ
EHLQOX[XU\YHKLFOHVVPDOOWUXFNVVSRUWVXWLOLW\YHKLFOHV
Ȱʓ«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃʜvÊ`i‡-̜«Ê"«iÀ>̈œ˜
9HKLFOHVILWWHGZLWKDQ,QWHJUDWHG6WDUWHU*HQHUDWRUDOORZ
ODXQFKDVVLVWSRZHUDVVLVWHWF3DUDPHWHUVWKDWQHHGWR
VWRSJRPRYHPHQWLQFLW\WUDIILFDQGDVVLVWWKHHQJLQHLQ
EHVSHFLILHGLQFOXGHWKHGXW\F\FOHWKHDYHUDJHVWDWHRI
QRUPDOUXQQLQJERRVWODXQFKDVVLVW7KH,6*HQDEOHV
FKDUJHWKHDYHUDJHOHYHORIGLVFKDUJHDURXQGWKLV6R&DQG
UHJHQHUDWLYHHQHUJ\WREHUHWXUQHGWRWKHEDWWHU\GXULQJ
WKHUHTXLUHGQXPEHURIVKDOORZGLVFKDUJHF\FOHV
YHKLFOHEUDNLQJ7KHEDWWHU\ZLOOH[SHULHQFHVKDOORZ
GLVFKDUJHF\FOHVLQSDUWLDOVWDWHRIFKDUJH36R&
,WKDVEHHQVXJJHVWHGE\)RUG>@WKDWWKHEDWWHU\VKRXOG
EHVL]HGVRWKDWVWRSJRGULYLQJFDQEHKDQGOHGZLWKRXW
+RZHYHUWKHSUREOHPIRUWKHEDWWHU\PDQXIDFWXUHULVWR
H[FHHGLQJ“6R&$OVRWKHYHKLFOHV\VWHPFRQWUROOHU
GHWHUPLQHZKDWWHVWUHJLPHVWRXVHZKHQGHWHUPLQLQJ
VKRXOGPDQDJHVWRSVWDUWHYHQWVVRWKDWFRQVHFXWLYHORVV
WKHEDWWHU\SDUDPHWHUVDVWKHEDWWHU\PD\EHVXEMHFWHG
RI6R&GRHVQRWDFFXPXODWHWRPRUHWKDQRIQRPLQDO
WRDZLGHYDULHW\RIGXW\F\FOHVGHSHQGHQWRQWKHYHKLFOH
,QWKDWSUHVHQWDWLRQDW$$%&'R'YVEDWWHU\OLIHZDV
HOHFWULFDOV\VWHPDQGWRZKDWH[WHQWWKHEDWWHU\LVUHTXLUHG
DOVRFRPSDUHGIRU1L0+DQG/HDG$FLGFKHPLVWULHV
WRDVVLVWWKHSRZHUUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKHYHKLFOHERRVW
)LJXUH>@7KLVVKRZHGWKDWOLIHSHUIRUPDQFHRI1L0+
LVVXEVWDQWLDOO\EHWWHUWKDQOHDGDFLGSDUWLFXODUO\DWVKDOORZ
GLVFKDUJHGHSWKV
! $VLJQLILFDQWSUREOHPZLWKDXWRVWDUWVWRSDULVHVLIWKH
YHKLFOHLVILWWHGZLWKDLUFRQGLWLRQLQJ,IWKLVFRQWLQXHVWR
UXQGXULQJDVHULHVRIDXWRVWDUWVWRSF\FOHVLQVWRSJR
WUDIILFWKLVZLOOGUDLQWKHEDWWHU\YHU\TXLFNO\7KLVLVD
SDUWLFXODUSUREOHPLQWKH86$ZKHUHQHDUO\DOOYHKLFOHV
"# $%"
DUHHTXLSSHGZLWKSRZHUIXODLUFRQGLWLRQLQJXQLWV7KLV
LPSOLHVDGGLWLRQDOFRPSOH[LW\IRUWKHYHKLFOHHOHFWURQLFVWR
$%"
GLVHQJDJHWKHDXWRVWDUWVWRSLIWKHEDWWHU\YROWDJHGURSV
EHORZDFHUWDLQOHYHO$OWHUQDWLYHO\VRPHDX[LOLDULHVPD\
QHHGWREHGLVFRQQHFWHGZKHQDPLQLPXP6R&LVUHDFKHG
WRSUHVHUYHWKHPLQLPXPSRZHUUHTXLUHGWRVWDUWWKHHQJLQH
DWORZWHPSHUDWXUH
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÇ
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
>ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ*>À>“iÌiÀÃ
Ç°Ê>ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ*>À>“iÌiÀÃ
7\SLFDOEDWWHU\SHUIRUPDQFHSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH9
Ç°ÓÊÛiÀ>}iÊ>˜`Ê*i>ŽÊ*œÜiÀÊ­7®
3RZHU1HWLQFOXGH
3HDNSXOVHSRZHULVDNH\SDUDPHWHUIRUWKH93RZHUQHW
$YDLODEOH(QHUJ\&DSDFLW\
DQGK\EULGHOHFWULFYHKLFOHV7KHUHTXLUHPHQWLVKLJKHU
$YHUDJHDQG3HDN3RZHU:
IRUDYHKLFOHILWWHGZLWK,6*WKDQIRURQHILWWHGZLWK&6$
3RZHU3HUIRUPDQFH:NJ:KNJ
7KHFXUUHQWLVUHTXLUHGIRUDYHU\VKRUWWLPHHJV
&ROG&UDQNLQJ
KRZHYHUIRUVWDUWVWRSRSHUDWLRQWKHEDWWHU\PD\EH
3RZHURXWSXWRYHUZLGH6R&UDQJH
UHTXLUHGWRGHOLYHUDODUJHQXPEHURIWKHVHKLJKFXUUHQW
3RZHURXWSXWRYHUZLGHWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJHLGHDOO\
SXOVHV)RUD´PLOGK\EULGµ,6*LQZKLFKWKHEDWWHU\LVXVHG
ƒ&WR²ƒ&RU²ƒ&
WRERRVWDFFHOHUDWLRQWKHKLJKFXUUHQWSXOVHPD\EHQHHGHG
&KDUJH$FFHSWDQFH
IRUXSWRV7KHVHGLIIHUHQFHVZLOOLQIOXHQFHEDWWHU\VL]LQJ
&\FOH/LIHIRUVKDOORZDQGGHHSGLVFKDUJHV
IRUGLIIHUHQWDSSOLFDWLRQV7KLVFRQILUPVWKHGLIILFXOW\RI
&\FOH/LIHLQ36R&RSHUDWLRQ
GHVLJQLQJDQGLQWHUSUHWLQJDVWDQGDUGVKDOORZF\FOHWHVWDV
&DOHQGDU/LIH
WKHGXW\F\FOHZLOOEHGHSHQGHQWRQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ
Ç°£ÊÛ>ˆ>LiʘiÀ}ÞÊ
>«>VˆÌÞ
Ç°ÎÊ*œÜiÀÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ7Ɏ}Ê>˜`Ê7…ÉŽ}
)RUFRQYHQWLRQDO6/,EDWWHU\DSSOLFDWLRQVWKHEDWWHU\
7KHSRZHUSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHEDWWHU\QHHGVWREH
FDSDFLW\LVGHWHUPLQHGE\GLVFKDUJLQJWKHEDWWHU\DWD
FRQVLGHUHGDVZHOODVVSHFLILFHQHUJ\7KHVSHFLILFHQHUJ\
FRQVWDQWFXUUHQWWRDSUHGHWHUPLQHGYROWDJHFXWRIIOLPLW
RID95/$EDWWHU\LVUHODWLYHO\ORZFRPSDUHGZLWK1L0+RU
)RUH[DPSOHDEDWWHU\ZLWKD&KRXUUDWHFDSDFLW\
/LLRQ+RZHYHUWKHSRZHUSHUIRUPDQFHRIORZLPSHGDQFH
RI$KFDQEHGLVFKDUJHGDWDFXUUHQWRIDPSVIRU
95/$GHVLJQVLVYHU\JRRGDQGLVFRPSDUDEOHZLWKWKDWRI
KRXUVWRWKHGHILQHGYROWDJHOLPLW$EDWWHU\ZLWKD&
1L0+DQG/LLRQ2XWSXWSRZHUDQGLQSXWSRZHUDUHGLUHFWO\
KRXUUDWHFDSDFLW\RI$KFDQEHGLVFKDUJHGDW
UHODWHGWREDWWHU\VWDWHRIFKDUJHDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH>@
DFXUUHQWRIDPSVIRUKRXUVWRWKHGHILQHGYROWDJH
7KLVILJXUHLQGLFDWHVWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQRXWSXWSRZHU
OLPLW7KHUHVHUYHFDSDFLW\WHVWLVFDUULHGRXWDWDFRQVWDQW
DQGLQSXWSRZHUDWGLIIHUHQWGLVFKDUJHGHSWKVIURP
FXUUHQWRIDPSVWRDGHILQHGYROWDJHOLPLWDQGWKH
WRIRUD<XDVDOHDGDFLGEDWWHU\GHVLJQHGIRU+(9
GLVFKDUJHWLPHLQPLQXWHVLVUHFRUGHG
)RU9EDWWHU\V\VWHPV²SDUWLFXODUO\ZKHQWKHUHLVVRPH
GHJUHHRIK\EULGLVDWLRQRIWKHSRZHUWUDLQ²LWLVPRUH
DSSURSULDWHWRGHWHUPLQHWKHHQHUJ\FDSDFLW\RIWKHEDWWHU\
DWDFRQVWDQWSRZHUUDWKHUWKDQDFRQVWDQWFXUUHQW)RU
H[DPSOHWKHEDWWHU\FDSDFLW\PD\EHGHWHUPLQHGDWDN:
FRQVWDQWSRZHUGLVFKDUJHUDWHZLWKWKHGLVFKDUJHSRZHU
WHUPLQDWHGDWWKHPDQXIDFWXUHUVSHFLILHGGLVFKDUJHYROWDJH
OLPLW
7KHUHTXLUHPHQWWRFDUU\RXWHQHUJ\FDSDFLW\WHVWVDWD
FRQVWDQWSRZHUUDWKHUWKDQDFRQVWDQWFXUUHQWQHHGVWREH
WDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWZKHQVSHFLI\LQJWKHWHVWHTXLSPHQW
WWWDIGATRONCOM
ˆ}ÕÀiÊn
>ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ*>À>“iÌiÀÃ
RSHUDWLRQ0D[LPXPSRZHURXWSXWLVDFKLHYHGDWIXOOFKDUJH
SRZHULVWKHUHYHUVHRIWKLVEXWZLWKDPXFKVWHHSHUFXUYH
DQGUHPDLQVIDLUO\VWHDG\WRRUGLVFKDUJHGHSWK
$W'R'PD[LPXPLQSXWSRZHULVTXLWHORZGRXEOHV
DIWHUZKLFKLWGHFOLQHVPRUHVWHHSO\$W'R'SRZHU
IURPWR'R'DQGDW'R'LV[WKDWDW
RXWSXWLVRQO\RIWKDWDYDLODEOHDW'R',QSXW
'R'7KLVODWWHUDVSHFWLVLPSRUWDQWZKHQFRQVLGHULQJ
UHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJHJZLWKWKH,6*V\VWHP
Ç°{Ê
œ`Ê
À>˜Žˆ˜}
)RUFRQYHQWLRQDO6/,EDWWHULHVWKHFROGFUDQNLQJWHVW
LVQRUPDOO\FDUULHGRXWDWDFRQVWDQWFXUUHQWDQGD
WHPSHUDWXUHRI²ƒ&)RUWKH93RZHU1HWDQG+(9
DSSOLFDWLRQVWKHWHVWSURFHGXUHPD\UHTXLUHFRQVWDQW
SRZHUUDWKHUWKDQFRQVWDQWFXUUHQWZLWKVHYHUDOKLJKSRZHU
ˆ}ÕÀiʙ
SXOVHVZLWKDVKRUWWLPHLQWHUYDOEHWZHHQHDFKSXOVH$WHVW
WHPSHUDWXUHRI²ƒ&PD\DOVREHVSHFLILHG$W\SLFDOFROG
FUDQNLQJWHVWSURILOHLVVKRZQLQ7DEOHDQG)LJXUH>@
)LJXUHIURP([LGH7HFKQRORJLHV>@VKRZVWKH
UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQFUDQNLQJSRZHUDW²ƒ&DQGEDWWHU\
VWDWHRIFKDUJHIURPWR6R&
œ`Ê
À>˜Žˆ˜}Ê/iÃÌÊ*Àœwi
7LPH,QFUHPHQW
V
&XPXODWLYH7LPH
V
6\VWHP3RZHU
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£ä
/>LiÊÎÊ
Ç°xÊ*œÜiÀÊ"ÕÌ«ÕÌÊ"ÛiÀÊ7ˆ`iÊ-œ
Ê,>˜}i
,QWKH9EDWWHU\DSSOLFDWLRQIRUWKH93RZHU1HW
WKHEDWWHU\LVOLNHO\WREHRSHUDWLQJLQDSDUWLDOVWDWHRI
FKDUJHSDUWLFXODUO\LIWKHUHLVVRPHGHJUHHRISRZHU
WUDLQK\EULGLVDWLRQ7KXVLWLVLPSRUWDQWWKDWWKHEDWWHU\
KDVDVDWLVIDFWRU\SRZHURXWSXWRYHUDZLGH6R&UDQJH
7KHJHQHUDOUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQSRZHURXWSXWDQG6R&
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ££
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
>ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ*>À>“iÌiÀÃ
KDVDOUHDG\EHHQGLVFXVVHGLQVHFWLRQ$GGLWLRQDO
LQIRUPDWLRQIURP([LGH7HFKQRORJLHVLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHV
DQG>@)LJXUHVKRZVWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ
SHDNSRZHUDQG6R&DWƒ&ZKLOHILJXUHVKRZVWKH
UHODWLRQVKLSDWƒ&
Ç°ÈÊ*œÜiÀÊ"ÕÌ«ÕÌÊ"ÛiÀÊ7ˆ`iÊ/i“«iÀ>ÌÕÀiÊ
,>˜}iÊ­ˆ`i>ÞʳÊxäc
Ê̜ÊqÓäc
ʜÀÊqÎäc
®
7KHEDWWHU\WHPSHUDWXUHKDVDVLJQLILFDQWLQIOXHQFHRQWKH
VSHFLILFSRZHUDYDLODEOHIURPWKHEDWWHU\DQGWKHHIIHFWLV
GLIIHUHQWIRUGLIIHUHQWEDWWHU\V\VWHPV$QH[DPSOHRIWKLVLV
VKRZQLQ)LJXUH>@7KLVFRPSDUHVD3ULVPDWLF1L0+
3DQDVRQLFEDWWHU\ZLWKD3DQDVRQLF(995/$EDWWHU\7KH
VORSHRIWKHWHPSHUDWXUHYV:NJFXUYHLVYHU\VWHHSIRU
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£Ó
WKH1L0+EDWWHU\PXFKVKDOORZHUIRUWKH95/$EDWWHU\$W
ƒ&WKH1L0+EDWWHU\KDVDVSHFLILFSRZHURI:NJ
FRPSDUHGZLWKDERXW:NJIRU95/$7KH´FURVVRYHUµ
SRLQWRFFXUVDWDERXWƒ&ZKHUHERWKEDWWHULHVKDYHD
VSHFLILFSRZHURIDERXW:NJ$W²ƒ&WKHVSHFLILF
SRZHURI1L0+KDVGURSSHGWROHVVWKDQ:NJZKLOH
95/$LVVWLOODWDERXW:NJ7KH95/$EDWWHU\VWLOOKDV
DVSHFLILFSRZHURI:NJDW²ƒ&ZKLOHIRU1L0+
WKHVSHFLILFSRZHUKDVGHFOLQHGDOPRVWWR]HUR7KLVGDWD
LQGLFDWHVWKDWOHDGDFLGLVHVVHQWLDOIRUFROGWHPSHUDWXUH
VWDUWVLQDOO9DUFKLWHFWXUHVDVPHQWLRQHGIRUH[DPSOHE\
-&,DW$$%&>@
Ç°ÇÊ
…>À}iÊVVi«Ì>˜Vi
&KDUJHDFFHSWDQFHLVPRUHFULWLFDOIRUWKH93RZHU1HW
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£Î
WKDQIRUFRQYHQWLRQDO96/,EDWWHULHVEHFDXVHRI
UHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ&KDUJHDFFHSWDQFHIURPKLJK
LQUXVKFXUUHQWVPD\EHDSUREOHPZLWKWKH95/$EDWWHU\
SDUWLFXODUO\LILWLVDOUHDG\DWKLJK62&,WPD\DOVREHD
SUREOHPZLWK1L0+DWKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHV7RRYHUFRPHWKLV
SUREOHPWKHEDWWHU\PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPPD\QHHGWR
´VZLWFKRIIµUHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJZKHQWKHEDWWHU\LVLQD
KLJK62&([DPSOHVRIFKDUJHDFFHSWDQFHGDWDIURP([LGH
7HFKQRORJLHVDUHVKRZQLQILJXUHVDQG
WWWDIGATRONCOM
-Ì>˜`>`ˆÃ>̈œ˜ÊÃÃÕiÃ
Ç°nÊ
ÞViʈviʈ˜Ê*-œ
Ê"«iÀ>̈œ˜
RQWKHHOHFWURGHV$Q$/$%&SURJUDPPH6RXWKHUQ
&DOLIRUQLD(GLVRQPD\SURYLGHDQHDWVROXWLRQWRWKLV
7RGDWHWKHUHLVYHU\OLWWOHLQIRUPDWLRQDVWRZKDWDW\SLFDO
>@:LWKLQDJLYHQPRGXOHRIVHYHUDOFHOOVHDFKFHOOLV
GXW\F\FOHLVOLNHO\WREHLQWHUPVRIDYHUDJHVWDWHRIFKDUJH
FKDUJHG´LQWHUQDOO\µDQGVHTXHQWLDOO\IURPWKHDGMDFHQW
6R&DYHUDJHOHYHORIGLVFKDUJHDURXQGWKLV6R&DQGWKH
FHOOVWKHQWKHFKDUJHLVUHGLVWULEXWHG$WWKHFRPSOHWLRQRI
UHTXLUHGQXPEHURIVKDOORZGLVFKDUJHF\FOHV7KLVPDNHVLW
WKLVVHTXHQFHWKH6R&LVVOLJKWO\ORZHUWKDQDWWKHVWDUWRI
GLIILFXOWWRLQWHUSUHWDQGFRPSDUHF\FOHWHVWUHVXOWVWKDWKDYH
WKHVHTXHQFHEXWWKLVLVEDODQFHGRXWRQVXEVHTXHQWGXW\
EHHQSXEOLVKHGWRGDWH)RUH[DPSOHDVPHQWLRQHGHDUOLHU
F\FOHV
,6*ZLOOLPSRVHSHUIRUPDQFHUHTXLUHPHQWVRQWKHEDWWHU\
WKDWZHUHQRWHQYLVDJHGZKHQWKHGLVFXVVLRQVRQWKH9
Ç°™Ê
>i˜`>Àʈvi
3RZHU1HWILUVWEHJDQ
6RPHWHVWVSHFLILFDWLRQVUHTXLUHDFDOHQGDUOLIHWHVWWREH
#$ &" '!"!($ )&* +,- .(/&!((
FDUULHGRXW7KLVWHVWLVGHVLJQHGWRSHUPLWWKHHYDOXDWLRQ
RIEDWWHU\GHJUDGDWLRQZLWKPLQLPDOXVDJH,WGLIIHUV
IURPDSXUHVKHOIOLIHWHVWLQWKDWWKHEDWWHU\XQGHUWHVWLV
PDLQWDLQHGDWRUQHDUDWDUJHWVWDWHRIFKDUJHGXULQJWKH
WHVW7KLVLVDFKLHYHGE\UHFKDUJLQJWKHEDWWHU\DWSHULRGLF
LQWHUYDOVZKHQWKHEDWWHU\VWDWHRIFKDUJHKDVGHFUHDVHG
E\DSUHGHWHUPLQHGDPRXQW7KHWDUJHWVWDWHRIFKDUJHDW
WKHVWDUWRIWKHWHVWPD\EHDSDUWLDOVWDWHRIFKDUJHUDWKHU
WKDQ6R&7KHEDWWHU\LVSHULRGLFDOO\VXEMHFWHGWR
UHIHUHQFHGLVFKDUJHVWRGHWHUPLQHWKHFKDQJHVLIDQ\
! " #$%
LQSHUIRUPDQFHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV7RDFFHOHUDWHWKHWHVW
EDWWHULHVDUHVWRUHGXQGHURSHQFLUFXLWFRQGLWLRQVDW
HOHYDWHGWHPSHUDWXUHVWRDUWLILFLDOO\LQFUHDVHWKHUDWHRI
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£{
SHUIRUPDQFHGHWHULRUDWLRQ6RPHSUHOLPLQDU\WHVWVPD\
7KH-DSDQHVHKDYHGHYHORSHG95/$EDWWHU\GHVLJQVWKDW
QHHGWREHFDUULHGRXWWRHQVXUHWKDWWKHKLJKVWRUDJH
KDYHEHHQWHVWHGXQGHUFRQGLWLRQVRI36R&RSHUDWLRQ
WHPSHUDWXUHGRHVQRWLQWURGXFHLUUHOHYDQWIDLOXUHPRGHV
7KHPRVWDUGXRXVF\FOHDW6R&DQGDWDQHOHYDWHG
WHPSHUDWXUHRIž&ZLWKDGHSWKRIGLVFKDUJHJLYHV
'HWDLOVRIDVXLWDEOHFDOHQGDUOLIHWHVWDUHJLYHQLQWKH
DWRWDOF\FOHOLIHRIF\FOHV7KLVLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
86$%&)UHHGRP&$59%DWWHU\7HVW0DQXDO>@
IURP)XUXNDZD>@7KLVILJXUHDOVRVKRZVWKDWDW
ƒ&DQG6R&WKHVKDOORZF\FOHOLIHH[FHHGV
7KLVWHVWLVLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHFDSDFLW\IDGHZLWKDJLQJ
F\FOHV/HDGDFLGEDWWHU\GHVLJQVPD\KDYHDSUREOHP
FDQEHDSDUWLFXODUSUREOHPIRUH[DPSOHZLWKOLWKLXPLRQ
ZLWK36R&RSHUDWLRQEHFDXVHRIWKHEXLOGXSRIVXOSKDWLRQ
EDWWHULHVDQGSDUWRIWKLVFDSDFLW\ORVVLVLUUHYHUVLEOH
n°Ê-Ì>˜`>À`ˆÃ>̈œ˜ÊÃÃÕiÃ
7KH0,7&RQVRUWLXPVHWWOHGRQ9DVWKHRSWLPXPV\VWHP
LQFOXGLQJWUDQVLHQWRYHUYROWDJHZDVVHWDWYROWV'&7KH
YROWDJHKDYLQJFRQVLGHUHGVDIHW\FRQVWUDLQWVLPSRVHGE\
JURXSV·QDPHIRUWKHQHZV\VWHPYROWDJHZDVWKH´9
JOREDOVWDQGDUGVVHWWLQJERGLHV7KHPD[LPXPYROWDJH
3RZHU1HWµ7KHVWDQGDUGZDVEDVHGRQV\VWHPYROWDJH
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
*œÃÈLiÊÎÈÊ6œÌÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ
ÀiµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃ
UDWKHUWKDQEDWWHU\YROWDJHWRSHUPLWWKHSRVVLEOHXVHRI
'HFHPEHU7KHGUDIW,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WDQGDUG',6
DOWHUQDWLYHEDWWHU\WHFKQRORJLHVRWKHUWKDQOHDGDFLG
LVGXHPLGDQGWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WDQGDUG,6E\
8SWRGDWHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQFHUQLQJWKHUHOHYDQW
,WZDVRULJLQDOO\WKRXJKWWKDWWKHILUVWYHKLFOHVXVLQJWKH9
VWDQGDUGVFDQEHREWDLQHGIURPWKHZHEVLWHDGGUHVVHV
3RZHU1HWZRXOGDSSHDUEHIRUHWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6WDQGDUGV
ZZZLVRFKZZZVDHRUJ
KDGEHHQILQDOLVHG+RZHYHUGHOD\VWRYHKLFOHSURJUDPPHV
7HVWVWDQGDUGVIRUSHUIRUPDQFHDQGF\FOHOLIHWHVWLQJRI
XWLOLVLQJWKH93RZHU1HWPHDQWKDWWKLVZLOOSUREDEO\QRW
YROWEDWWHULHVIRUWKH93RZHU1HWDQGIRUK\EULGHOHFWULF
EHDPDMRUSUREOHP7KHUHOHYDQW,62VWDQGDUGLV7HFKQLFDO
YHKLFOHVDUHVHWE\ERGLHVVXFKDV86$%&LQWKH8QLWHG
3URJUDPPH7&6&:*'RFXPHQW,62:'
6WDWHVDQG(8&$5LQ(XURSH
7KH,62FRPPLWWHHZRUNLQJGUDIWKDVEHHQLQLWLDWHG
™°Ê*œÃÈLiÊÎÈÊ6œÌÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ*iÀvœÀ“>˜ViÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃ
3RVVLEOHSHUIRUPDQFHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU9EDWWHULHVIRU
'LVFKDUJHUDWHPD[&
WKH93RZHU1HWLQFOXGHWKHIROORZLQJ>@>@
&KDUJHUDWHPD[&
$X[LOLDU\ORDGVZKHQWKHHQJLQHLVVWRSSHGHJN:
\HDUOLIH
IRUXSWRPLQXWHV
6R&FRQWURO36R&RSHUDWLRQHJ6R&UDQJH
RU
'LVFKDUJH3RZHU
7KHEDWWHU\SHUIRUPDQFHUHTXLUHPHQWVZLOOEHGHSHQGHQW
RQZKHWKHUWKHEDWWHU\VXSSOLHVHQHUJ\IRUVWDUWVWRSPLOG
‡N:IRUVHF#ƒ&
+(90+(9RUSRZHUDVVLVW+(93+(97DEOHLVDQ
‡N:IRUVHF#ƒ&
H[WUDFWIURPWKH)UHHGRP&$59(QHUJ\6WRUDJH6\VWHP
&ROG6WDUWN:IRUVHFRQGV#ƒ&
(QGRI/LIH3HUIRUPDQFH*RDOV$XJXVWDQGVKRZV
%UDNLQJFKDUJHDFFHSWDQFHaN:IRUVHFRQGV
WKH86$%&SHUIRUPDQFHWDUJHWVIRUWKHVHDSSOLFDWLRQV
$LUSRUWWHVW'LVFKDUJHSRZHUGUDLQRI:IRUGD\V
{Ó6Ê/>À}iÌÃÊ,iÛ°ÊÕ}ÕÃÌÊÓääÓÊ
-Ì>À̇-̜«
‡6
*‡6
ˆÃV…>À}iÊ*ՏÃiÊ*œÜiÀÊ­Ž7®Ê
IRUV
IRUV
IRUV
1$
IRUV
IRUV
,i}i˜iÀ>̈ÛiÊ*ՏÃiÊ*œÜiÀÊ­Ž7®Ê
IRUPLQ
˜}ˆ˜i‡"vvÊVViÃÜÀÞʜ>`Ê­Ž7®Ê
Û>ˆ>LiʘiÀ}ÞÊ­7…ÊJÎʎ7®Ê
,iV…>À}iÊ,>ÌiÊ­Ž7®Ê
N:
N:
N:
˜iÀ}ÞÊvwVˆi˜VÞʜ˜Êœ>`Ê*ÀœwiÊ­¯®Ê
NN
ÞViʈvi]ʈiÃÉ*ÀœwiÃÊ­˜}ˆ˜iÊ-Ì>ÀÌî
ÞViʈviÊ>˜`ÊvwVˆi˜VÞʜ>`Ê*ÀœwiÊ
œ`Ê
À>˜Žˆ˜}Ê*œÜiÀÊJʇÎäc
ʜ˜Ê
œ`‡
-Ì>ÀÌÊ*ÀœwiÊ­Ž7®
>i˜`>ÀʈviÊ­9ÀîÊ
=HUR3RZHU$VVLVW
=3$
3DUWLDO3RZHU$VVLVW
33$
)XOO3RZHU$VVLVW
)3$
9PLQ
/>LiÊ{
WWWDIGATRONCOM
ÞViʈviÊ/iÃ̈˜}
£ä°Ê
ÞViʈviÊ/iÃ̈˜}
&RQYHQWLRQDOOLIHWHVWLQJLQYROYHVDVHULHVRIFRQWUROOHG
UHPRYHGGXULQJGLVFKDUJHDVLVUHWXUQHGGXULQJFKDUJH
GLVFKDUJHVDQGUHFKDUJHVXVXDOO\ZLWKDVLJQLILFDQW
7KHWHVWWDNHVSODFHDWDSUHGHILQHGVWDWHRIFKDUJHHJ
DPRXQWRIRYHUFKDUJHRQWKHUHFKDUJHSDUWRIWKHF\FOH
RUZLWKWKH6R&YDU\LQJE\RQO\DIHZSHUFHQW
7KHGLVFKDUJHFXUUHQWLVQRUPDOO\DWDUHODWLYHO\ORZUDWH
DURXQGWKLV6R&RQHDFKVXEF\FOH$ODUJHQXPEHURIWKHVH
)RUH[DPSOHLQWKHZLGHO\XVHG6$(-/LIH&\FOHWHVW
´VXEF\FOHVµDUHFDUULHGRXWHJEHIRUHWKHEDWWHU\
WKHGLVFKDUJHFXUUHQWLVDPSV
FDSDFLW\LVFKHFNHGE\UHWXUQLQJLWWRDIXOOVWDJHRIFKDUJH
DQGWKHQFDUU\LQJRXWDGLVFKDUJH)DLOXUHLVGHHPHG
7KHVHVWDQGDUG6/,OLIHF\FOHWHVWVPD\QRWEHDSSURSULDWH
WRRFFXUZKHQWKHEDWWHU\FDQQRWPDLQWDLQDSUHGHILQHG
IRUWKHQHZYROWEDWWHULHVIRUWKH93RZHU1HWDQG
PLQLPXPYROWDJHGXULQJWKHGLVFKDUJHSDUWRIWKHVXEF\FOH
K\EULGHOHFWULFYHKLFOHDSSOLFDWLRQV7KHVHEDWWHULHV
DQGRUWKHEDWWHU\FDSDFLW\IDOOVEHORZDSUHGHILQHGOHYHO
PD\QHHGWRSURYLGHKLJKFXUUHQWSXOVHVIRUVWDUW
HJRQWKHIXOOFDSDFLW\GLVFKDUJH
VWRSDGGLWLRQDOSRZHUIRUSRZHUDVVLVWGXULQJYHKLFOH
DFFHOHUDWLRQDQGWRDFFHSWHQHUJ\IURPUHJHQHUDWLYH
7KHGLIIHUHQWWHVWVYDU\LQWKHWRWDOWLPHRIHDFKLQGLYLGXDO
EUDNLQJ)RUWKHVHQHZDSSOLFDWLRQVDQXPEHURIWHVW
F\FOHWKHPD[LPXPSRZHURQFKDUJHDQGGLVFKDUJHDQG
VFKHGXOHVDUHDYDLODEOHVRPHRIZKLFKPD\EHPRUH
WKHQXPEHUDQGGXUDWLRQRIWKHFKDUJHRUGLVFKDUJHSXOVHV
DSSURSULDWHIRUIXOOHOHFWULFYHKLFOHVRU´VWURQJµK\EULG
RQHDFKF\FOH7KHFRUUHFWFKRLFHRIWKHPRVWDSSURSULDWH
HOHFWULFYHKLFOHVWKDQIRUYROWEDWWHULHVIRUWKH9
WHVWLVFRPSOLFDWHGE\WKHIDFWWKDWLQGLIIHUHQWDSSOLFDWLRQV
3RZHU1HW7KH\LQFOXGH
WKHEDWWHU\PD\EHUHTXLUHGRQO\IRUHQJLQHVWDUWLQJDQGWR
SRZHUDQFLOODULHV6/,3$RUPD\EHUHTXLUHGIRUSDUWLDO
(&(/
SRZHUDVVLVWRUIRUIXOOSRZHUDVVLVW
3RZHU$VVLVW3URILOH
,66,GOLQJ6WRS6\VWHP-DSDQ
%\ZD\RIH[DPSOHWKH86$%&>@VSHFLILHVGLIIHUHQWOLIH
863RZHU3URILOH
WHVWF\FOHV=HUR3RZHU$VVLVW=3$3DUWLDO3RZHU$VVLVW
31*9%DWWHU\7HVW0DQXDO
33$DQG)XOO3RZHU$VVLVW)3$7KHSURILOHIRUWKHVH
86$%&)UHHGRP&$5%DWWHU\7HVW0DQXDO
WHVWVLVFKDUJHQHXWUDOVRWKDWWKHWHVWFDQEHFDUULHGRXW
1HZ(XURSHDQ'ULYLQJ&\FOH
DWDGHILQHGVWDWHRIFKDUJHIRUH[DPSOHRU(DFK
(WF«
WHVWF\FOHWDNHVPLQXWHVDQGUHIHUHQFHWHVWVDUHFDUULHG
RXWDWGHILQHGLQWHUYDOVHJHYHU\RUF\FOHV
)RUSDUWLDOVWDWHRIFKDUJHF\FOLQJ36R&DVUHTXLUHGIRU
+(9EDWWHU\WHVWLQJHDFKLQGLYLGXDOF\FOHRU´VXEF\FOHµ
7KH=HUR3RZHU$VVLVW=3$7HVW3URILOHLVDV
VKRXOGQRUPDOO\EHFKDUJHQHXWUDOLHWKHVDPHSRZHULV
QRPLQDOO\62&QHXWUDOSXOVHSURILOHWKDWLVXVHGWRYHULI\
WKH6WDUW6WRSJRDORIIRUURXQGWULSHQHUJ\HIILFLHQF\
- . / / 0/ XVLQJWKHGLVFKDUJHSXOVHSRZHUFDSDELOLW\UHTXLUHPHQW
RIN:IRUV7KLVWHVWSURILOHLVGHILQHGLQ7DEOHDQG
+
+
+
+
+
,)" #%)*
!" #$%& '( )"*
LOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJXUH7KH3DUWLDO3RZHU$VVLVW33$
7HVWSURILOHLVXVHGWRYHULI\WKH6WDUW6WRSJRDORIIRU
URXQGWULSHQHUJ\HIILFLHQF\XVLQJWKHUHTXLUHGSXOVHSRZHU
FDSDELOLWLHVRIN:GLVFKDUJHDQGN:UHJHQIRUV7KLV
WHVWSURILOHLVGHILQHGLQ7DEOHDQGLOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJXUH
7KH)XOO3RZHU$VVLVW)3$7HVWSURILOHLVXVHGWRYHULI\
WKH3+(9JRDORIIRUURXQGWULSHQHUJ\HIILFLHQF\7KLV
SURILOHXVHVWKHUHJHQSXOVHSRZHUFDSDELOLW\JRDORIN:
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£x
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
ÞViʈviÊ/iÃ̈˜}
<iÀœÊ*œÜiÀÊÃÈÃÌÊ­<*®ÊvviVˆi˜VÞÊ>˜`ʈviÊ/iÃÌÊ«Àœwi
7LPH,QFUHPHQW
&XPXODWLYH7LPH
6\VWHP3RZHU
(QHUJ\,QFUHPHQW
&XPXODWLYH(QHUJ\
V
V
N:
:K
:K
S
7LPH6WHS
&XPXODWLYH7LPH
6\VWHP3RZHU
(QHUJ\,QFUHPHQW
&XPXODWLYH(QHUJ\
V
V
N:
:K
:K
/>LiÊx
*>À̈>Ê*œÜiÀÊÃÈÃÌÊ­**®ÊvviVˆi˜VÞÊ>˜`ʈviÊ/iÃÌÊ«Àœwi
T
/>LiÊÈ
ՏÊ*œÜiÀÊÃÈÃÌÊ­*®ÊvviVˆi˜VÞÊ>˜`ʈviÊ/iÃÌÊ«Àœwi
7LPH,QFUHPHQW
&XPXODWLYH7LPH
6\VWHP3RZHU
(QHUJ\,QFUHPHQW
&XPXODWLYH(QHUJ\
V
V
N:
:K
:K
V
WWWDIGATRONCOM
/>LiÊÇ
ÞViʈviÊ/iÃ̈˜}
IRUVDORQJZLWKD:KGLVFKDUJHSXOVHN:IRU
V7KLVWHVWSURILOHLVGHILQHGLQ7DEOHDQGLOOXVWUDWHGLQ
)LJXUH
1RWHWKDWLQ)LJXUHVWKHSRZHULVVKRZQDVSRVLWLYH
RQGLVFKDUJHDQGQHJDWLYHRQFKDUJH
$QH[DPSOHRIWKH(XURSHDQ(&(//LIH&\FOH7HVWLV
VKRZQLQ)LJXUH,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWWKLVWHVWLV
PRUHDSSURSULDWHIRUIXOOHOHFWULFYHKLFOHVWKDQIRUK\EULG
HOHFWULFYHKLFOHV7KLVLVUHIOHFWHGLQWKHIDFWWKDWHDFKF\FOH
WDNHVPLQXWHVDQGFRQVLVWVRIERWKDQXUEDQDQGD
VXEXUEDQSDUW
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£È
$(XURSHDQ(8&$5SRZHUDVVLVWSURILOHZKLFKLV
DSSURSULDWHIRU9EDWWHULHVLQ+(9·VLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
-. / 0 0 10 PLQXWHVDQGWKHWHVWLQFOXGHVDGLVFKDUJHWRVLPXODWH
,)" #%)*
7KHWLPHWDNHQIRUHDFKF\FOHLVVHFRQGV
!" #$%& '( )"*
WKHSRZHUDVVLVWDUHVWSHULRGDQGDUHFKDUJHZLWK
+
+
+
+
LQ)LJXUHWKHFXUUHQWLVVKRZQDVQHJDWLYHRQGLVFKDUJH
DQGSRVLWLYHRQFKDUJH&\FOHOLIHZLOOEHGHSHQGHQWRQWKH
+
DVWHSSHGFKDUJHFXUUHQWWRVLPXODWHWKHUHJHQHUDWLYH
EUDNLQJ$FRQWUROFDSDFLW\WHVWLVFDUULHGRXWHYHU\
F\FOHVDQGWKHEDWWHU\KDVWRPDLQWDLQDPLQLPXPYROWDJH
RIYROWVSHUFHOOGXULQJWKHGLVFKDUJHVWHS1RWHWKDW
EDWWHU\VWDWHRIFKDUJHDQGWKHGHSWKRIGLVFKDUJHRQHDFK
WHVWF\FOH)RUH[DPSOHWHVWGDWDIURP([LGH7HFKQRORJLHV
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£Ç
>@IRUD95/$EDWWHU\VKRZVWKDWDW6R&
F\FOHVDUHDFKLHYHGDW'R'RQHDFKF\FOHDQG
F\FOHVDUHDFKLHYHGDWGLVFKDUJHRQHDFK
F\FOH
7KH31*93RZHU$VVLVW/LIH&\FOHLVVLPLODUWRWKH(8&$5
F\FOHDQGLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH+HUHWKHWRWDOWLPHIRU
HDFKF\FOHLVVHFRQGVFRPSDUHGZLWKVHFRQGVIRU
WKH(8&$5WHVWF\FOH
1RWHWKDWLQ)LJXUHWKHSRZHULVVKRZQDVSRVLWLYHRQ
GLVFKDUJHDQGQHJDWLYHRQFKDUJH
$QH[DPSOHRIWKH1HZ(XURSHDQ'ULYLQJ&\FOH1('&IRU
9,6*RSHUDWLRQLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
1RWHWKDWLQ)LJXUHWKHSRZHULVVKRZQDVSRVLWLYHRQ
GLVFKDUJHDQGQHJDWLYHRQFKDUJH
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£n
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
ÞViʈviÊ/iÃ̈˜}
ˆ}ÕÀiÊ£™
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓä
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓ£
WWWDIGATRONCOM
“«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃʜvʈvviÀi˜ÌÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊiÈ}˜Ê"«Ìˆœ˜Ã
££°Ê“«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃʜvʈvviÀi˜ÌÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊiÈ}˜Ê"«Ìˆœ˜Ã
%DWWHU\GHVLJQRSWLRQVIRUWKH93RZHU1HWQHHGWR
V\VWHPERWKEDWWHULHVDUHOLNHO\WREHRIWKH95/$GHVLJQ
EHFRQVLGHUHGDVWKLVZLOOLQIOXHQFHWKHEDWWHU\WHVW
$GLDJUDPRIDSRVVLEOHGXDOEDWWHU\V\VWHPLVJLYHQLQ
UHTXLUHPHQWV6RPHRIWKHDXWRPRWLYHHOHFWULFDOV\VWHPV
)LJXUH>@
QHHGWREHNHSWDWYROWVIRUH[DPSOHKHDGODPSVDXGLR
V\VWHPVVDIHW\V\VWHPVDQGLQVWUXPHQWSDQHO,QWKHVKRUW
+RZHYHULQWKHORQJHUWHUPWKHVLQJOH9EDWWHU\KDVWKH
WHUPWKLVFDQEHDFKLHYHGZLWKDGXDOEDWWHU\V\VWHPLQ
DGYDQWDJHVRIORZHUFRVWZHLJKWDQGVL]H$VPDUWHQHUJ\
PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPZLOOEHXVHGWRPDQDJHWKHNH\RII
ORDGVDQGHQVXUHWKDWWKHEDWWHU\DOZD\VKDVHQRXJK
HQHUJ\WRVWDUWWKHYHKLFOH
,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWDVDXWRPRWLYHV\VWHPVPRYHWR
,6$,6*DQGUHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJWKHEDWWHU\XVHGIRU
HQJLQHVWDUWLQJZLOODOVRH[SHULHQFHVRPHF\FOHGXW\7KLV
WHQGVWRQHJDWHWKHDUJXPHQWIRUDGXDOEDWWHU\V\VWHP
,QWKH(XURSHDQDQG-DSDQHVHPDUNHWVWKHPRYHWR9
V\VWHPVZLOOEHGULYHQODUJHO\E\IXHOHIILFLHQF\JDLQVRI
XVLQJVWDUWVWRS+LJKHUYROWDJHV\VWHPVZLOODOVR
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓÓ
HQDEOHRWKHUIXQFWLRQVWREHSHUIRUPHGVXFKDVUHDU
ZKLFKWKHVWDUWLQJIXQFWLRQ9ZLOOEHLVRODWHGIURPWKH
ZKHHOVWHHULQJDQG$&JHQHUDWRUVLPSRUWDQWLQWKH1RUWK
VWRUDJHIXQFWLRQUHTXLUHGIRU´NH\RIIµORDGV97KLV
$PHULFDQPDUNHW
ZLOOHQVXUHWKDWWKHYHKLFOHZLOODOZD\VVWDUWUHJDUGOHVVRI
WKHGUDLQLQJSRZHURIWKHNH\RIIORDGV7KH9EDWWHU\ZLOO
7KHSUHIHUUHGRSWLRQIRUWKHYHKLFOHPDQXIDFWXUHULV
QHHGWREHRSWLPLVHGIRUSRZHUWKH9EDWWHU\ZLOOQHHG
REYLRXVO\DVLQJOHEDWWHU\V\VWHPDQGWKH\ZLOOEHSXVKLQJ
WREHRSWLPLVHGIRUHQHUJ\DQGF\FOHOLIH)RUWKHOHDGDFLG
IRUWKLVRSWLRQWREHLPSOHPHQWHGDVVRRQDVSRVVLEOH
£Ó°Ê“«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃʜvÊ,i}i˜iÀ>̈ÛiÊÀ>Žˆ˜}
5HJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJUHVWRUHVHQHUJ\WRWKHEDWWHU\DQG
WKDWEUDNLQJHQHUJ\LVQRWUHWXUQHGWRWKHEDWWHU\ZKHQLWLV
FRXOGLPSURYHIXHOHFRQRP\E\+RZHYHUDQ
DWRUQHDUDIXOOVWDWHRIFKDUJHVHHILJXUHDQGVHFWLRQV
DGYDQFHGEDWWHU\PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPPD\EHUHTXLUHGVR
DQG
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
Ý>“«iʜvÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊvœÀÊ>ʈ`ÊÞLÀˆ`Ê-ÞÃÌi“
£Î°ÊÝ>“«iʜvÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊvœÀÊ>ʈ`ÊÞLÀˆ`Ê-ÞÃÌi“
7KH7R\RWD7+60PLOGK\EULGV\VWHPXVHGLQWKH7R\RWD
7KLVH[DPSOHLVVKRZQEHFDXVHXQXVXDOO\IRUDEDWWHU\
&URZQ>@DQGVKRZQLQ)LJXUHXVHVDPRWRUJHQHUDWRU
V\VWHPWKH9EDWWHU\LVXVHGIRUHQJLQHVWDUWLQJDQGWKH
SRZHUHGE\D9EDWWHU\WKDWFDQDFWHLWKHUDVDPRWRU
9EDWWHU\LVXVHGIRUDFFHOHUDWLRQ7KLVFRQWUDVWVZLWK
RUDJHQHUDWRU7KLVHQDEOHVLGOHVWRSRSHUDWLRQDQGLQLWLDO
WKHDFFHSWHGZLVGRPIRUDEDWWHU\V\VWHPLQZKLFKWKH
YHKLFOHDFFHOHUDWLRQ$VHSDUDWH9EDWWHU\LVXVHGIRU
9EDWWHU\LVXVHGIRUHQJLQHVWDUWLQJDQGWKH9EDWWHU\
HQJLQHVWDUWLQJ:KHQDFFHOHUDWLQJIURPUHVWWKHY
LVXVHGIRUORZFXUUHQWORDGV7KHYROWEDWWHU\LVRI
EDWWHU\LVXVHGWRSRZHUWKHPRWRUJHQHUDWRUIRUYHKLFOH
DGYDQFHGYDOYHUHJXODWHGOHDGDFLG95/$GHVLJQXVLQJ
DFFHOHUDWLRQZKLOHWKH9EDWWHU\UHVWDUWVWKHHQJLQH
DEVRUSWLYHJODVVPDW$*0VHSDUDWRUV7KH9VWDUWLQJ
'XULQJFUXLVLQJWKHHQJLQHGULYHVWKHYHKLFOHDQGWKH
EDWWHU\LVDOVROHDGDFLG
EDWWHU\LVFKDUJHGIURPWKHPRWRUJHQHUDWRU7KHPRWRU
JHQHUDWRUDOORZVHQHUJ\WREHUHJHQHUDWHGGXULQJYHKLFOH
$IXHOFRQVXPSWLRQLPSURYHPHQWRIDERXWLVFODLPHG
DFFHOHUDWLRQDQGEUDNLQJDQGDOVRSRZHUVDFFHVVRULHV
7KH9EDWWHU\IRUWKH7R\RWD&URZQKDVDZHLJKWRINJ
VXFKDVWKHDLUFRQGLWLRQHUFRPSUHVVRUZKHQLQ´LGOLQJ
$KKUDWHDQGGLPHQVLRQV[[PP
VWRSµPRGH
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓÎ
WWWDIGATRONCOM
ÌiÀ˜>̈ÛiÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ-ÞÌi“ÃÊvœÀÊ̅iÊ{Ó6Ê*œÜiÀ iÌ
2WKHUFXUUHQWK\EULGHOHFWULFYHKLFOHVLQFOXGHWKH7R\RWD
LPSURYHGIURP:NJWR:NJDQGPRGXOHZHLJKW
(VWLPD+RQGD,QVLJKW7R\RWD3ULXV1LVVDQ7LQR7\SLFDOO\
UHGXFHGIURPJWRJ7KHEDWWHU\LVXVHGIRU
WKHVHDUH´VWURQJµK\EULGVZLWKDKLJKHURSHUDWLQJYROWDJH
SRZHUDVVLVWDFFHVVRULHVDQGDLUFRQGLWLRQLQJ
HJ9RU9XVLQJ1LFNHO0HWDO+\GULGHEDWWHU\
V\VWHPV7RGDWHWKH1LVVDQ7LQRLVWKHRQO\+(9WKDWXVHV
7KH7R\RWD(VWLPDZDVODXQFKHGLQDQGLVD´VWURQJµ
/LLRQEDWWHULHV
K\EULG7KH7R\RWD(VWLPD+\EULGLVWKHZRUOG·VILUVWK\EULG
PLQLYDQDQGWKHILUVWPDVVSURGXFHGK\EULGZKHHOGULYH
7R\RWD·V(9GHYHORSPHQWVWDUWHGLQ7KHLUPRVW
YHKLFOH,WKDVEHHQVROGLQ-DSDQVLQFH-XQHDQG
VLJQLILFDQWUHFHQWGHYHORSPHQWLVSUREDEO\WKH7R\RWD3ULXV
ZDVH[KLELWHGDWWKH7RN\R0RWRU6KRZLQ2FWREHU,W
ODXQFKHGLQ-DSDQLQDQGLQ1RUWK$PHULFDDQG
XVHVZKDWLVFODLPHGWREHWKHZRUOG·VILUVWEHOWGULYHQ,6*
(XURSHLQ7RGDWHDWRWDORIXQLWVKDYHEHHQ
VXSSOLHGE\'HQVR7KHYHKLFOHHPSOR\V7R\RWD·VQHZO\
VROG7KH3ULXVLVFDSDEOHRINPKPD[LPXPVHDWV
GHVLJQHG´7+6&µK\EULGV\VWHP7R\RWD+\EULG6\VWHP
SDVVHQJHUVDQGLVHTXLSSHGZLWK(036SRZHUVWHHULQJ
&97,WLQFRUSRUDWHVDKLJKHIILFLHQF\OLWHUJDVROLQH
DQGUHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ7R\RWDDUHFRQWLQXLQJWRLPSURYH
HQJLQHHOHFWULFPRWRUDQGVXSHU&97&97 &RQWLQXRXVO\
IXHOHFRQRP\DQGHPLVVLRQUHGXFWLRQ7KHEDWWHU\V\VWHP
9DULDEOH7UDQVPLVVLRQ,WLVDORZHPLVVLRQYHKLFOHLWKDV
LV91L0+DQGWKLVKDVDOVREHHQLPSURYHG)URP
GRXEOHWKHIXHOHIILFLHQF\RI-DSDQ·VVWDQGDUGVDQG
WKHVSHFLILFSRZHUKDVEHHQLPSURYHGVLJQLILFDQWO\E\WKH
RQHTXDUWHURIWKH+&DQG12[OHYHOVRI-DSDQ·VODWHVW
FKDQJHIURPDF\OLQGULFDOWRDSULVPDWLFFRQVWUXFWLRQDQG
UHJXODWLRQV7KHEDWWHU\W\SHLV1L0+ZLWKDQRSHUDWLQJ
WKHSDFNZHLJKWKDVDOVREHHQUHGXFHG3RZHUKDVEHHQ
YROWDJHRI9
£{°ÊÌiÀ˜>̈ÛiÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ-ÞÃÌi“ÃÊvœÀÊ̅iÊ{Ó6Ê*œÜiÀ iÌ
7KHPDLQFRQWHQGHUVIRUWKH93RZHU1HWDUH9DOYH
RSWLRQEXWWKHUHDUHWHFKQLFDOLVVXHVVWLOOWREHUHVROYHG
5HJXODWHG/HDG$FLG95/$1LFNHO0HWDO+\GULGHDQG
7KHVHEDWWHULHVZLOOPRUHUHDGLO\EHDEOHWRPHHWWKH
/LWKLXPLRQ7KHDGYDQWDJHVDQGGLVDGYDQWDJHVRIHDFK
GHPDQGLQJSRZHUUHTXLUHPHQWV
EDWWHU\V\VWHPDUHVXPPDULVHGLQ$SSHQGL[
%HFDXVHRIWKHUHODWLYHO\ORZFRVWRIWKH95/$EDWWHU\
)RUVWUDLJKWIRUZDUGGLUHFWUHSODFHPHQWRIWKHH[LVWLQJ9
FRPSDUHGZLWKWKHDGYDQFHGEDWWHULHVWKLVEDWWHU\ZLOO
EDWWHU\ZLWKWKHQHZ9EDWWHU\ZLWKQRVWRSVWDUWDQGQR
DOZD\VUHWDLQDVLJQLILFDQWVKDUHRIWKHDXWRPRWLYHEDWWHU\
K\EULGLVDWLRQWKHOHDGDFLGEDWWHU\ZLOOVWLOOEHWKHEDWWHU\RI
PDUNHW
FKRLFH(YHQZLWKVRPHGHJUHHRIK\EULGLVDWLRQWKH´PLOGµ
RU´VRIWµK\EULGDQGLGOHVWRSWKHOHDGDFLGEDWWHU\ZLOO
SUREDEO\VWLOOEHWKHEDWWHU\RIFKRLFH$NH\DGYDQWDJHRI
£{°£Ê6,
WKH95/$EDWWHU\LVLWVVLJQLILFDQWO\ORZHUFRVWFRPSDUHG
ZLWKWKHQLFNHOPHWDOK\GULGHRUOLWKLXPLRQDOWHUQDWLYHV
,WLVJHQHUDOO\DJUHHGWKDWLQRUGHUWRPHHWWKHSHUIRUPDQFH
DQGOLIHUHTXLUHPHQWVRIDXWRPRWLYH9EDWWHULHV
)RUIXOOK\EULGLVDWLRQRIWKHSRZHUWUDLQDKLJKHUYROWDJH
DGYDQFHGOHDGDFLGEDWWHULHVZLOOEHRIWKHVHDOHGQRQ
PD\EHXVHGHJ9RU9ZLWK1LFNHOPHWDOK\GULGH
VSLOODEOHYDOYHUHJXODWHGW\SH95/$FRQWDLQLQJVSHFLDO
FXUUHQWO\WKHIDYRXUHGRSWLRQ/LWKLXPLRQLVDORQJHUWHUP
DEVRUEHQWPLFURILQHJODVVVHSDUDWRUV
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
ÌiÀ˜>̈ÛiÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ-ÞÌi“ÃÊvœÀÊ̅iÊ{Ó6Ê*œÜiÀ iÌ
7KHPDUNHWIRU9DXWRPRWLYHEDWWHULHVRIWKH95/$
ILEHUIRULPSURYHGFRPSUHVVLRQSURSHUWLHVDQGFRQWURO
GHVLJQKDVEHHQUHODWLYHO\VPDOOLQUHODWLRQWRWKHWRWDO
RIWKHR[\JHQUHFRPELQDWLRQUHDFWLRQ
DXWRPRWLYHEDWWHU\PDUNHW7KLVLVGXHWRWKHKLJKHU
PDQXIDFWXULQJFRVWVDQGPRUHFRPSOH[PDQXIDFWXULQJ
SURFHVVIRU95/$EDWWHULHV7KHUHIRUHPDQ\RIWKHH[LVWLQJ
+LJKFRPSUHVVLRQGHVLJQVWKDWUHWDLQFRPSUHVVLRQRYHU
WKHOLIHRIWKHEDWWHU\
DXWRPRWLYHEDWWHU\PDQXIDFWXUHUVKDYHRQO\OLPLWHG
H[SHUWLVHLQWKHPDQXIDFWXUHRI95/$EDWWHULHV0RVWRIWKH
4XDOLW\DVVXUDQFHSURFHGXUHVGXULQJEDWWHU\
H[SHUWLVHUHVWVZLWKWKRVHPDQXIDFWXUHUVZKRDUHDOVRLQ
PDQXIDFWXUHWRPLQLPL]HFHOOWRFHOOYDULDELOLW\DQG
WKHLQGXVWULDOEDWWHU\PDUNHW
UHGXFHEDWWHU\PDQDJHPHQWWDVNV
95/$FRQVWUXFWLRQPD\EHHLWKHUSULVPDWLFRUF\OLQGULFDO
ZLWKVHYHUDOPDQXIDFWXUHUVIDYRULQJF\OLQGULFDOGHVLJQV
RYHUSULVPDWLFGHVLJQV
%XLOWLQEDWWHU\PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPHJ+RSSHFNH
´ERDUGQHWŠµEHFDXVH95/$LVYHU\VHQVLWLYHWR
XQPDWFKHGFHOOV
&\OLQGULFDOGHVLJQHQDEOHVWKHXVHRIWKLQQHUKLJKHU
VXUIDFHDUHDSODWHVDQGHQVXUHVPDLQWHQDQFHRIXQLIRUP
7RSUHYHQWVXOIDWLRQ9/5$EDWWHULHVPXVWEHSHULRGLFDOO\
FRPSUHVVLRQZLWKLQWKHFHOO7KHGHVLJQLVOHVVHIILFLHQW
UHFKDUJHGWRSHUKDSVRQFHHYHU\PRQWKV7KLV
YROXPHWULFDOO\WKDQWKHSULVPDWLFYHUVLRQEXWKHOSVWR
FDQEHGRQHVRPHWLPHGXULQJQRUPDOGULYLQJRUWKHFHOO
SURYLGHPRUHXQLIRUPFHOOWHPSHUDWXUH7KHLQWHUFHOO
EDODQFLQJWHFKQLTXHVGHYHORSHGLQWKH$/$%&UHVHDUFK
YRLGVDOVRPDNHLWHDVLHUWRFRROWKHFHOOV
SURJUDPPH>@FDQEHXVHG
3ULVPDWLFXQLWVLQDQFHOOGHVLJQHJRU
KDYHDJUHDWHUSUREOHPZLWKKHDWUHPRYDOEXW
0HDVXUHLQWHUQDOUHVLVWDQFHRUXVHVRPHRWKHUFHOO
PRQLWRULQJWHFKQLTXHWRHVWLPDWHUHPDLQLQJEDWWHU\OLIH
KDYHVLJQLILFDQWO\LPSURYHGYROXPHWULFHQHUJ\GHQVLW\
,PSURYHGWKHUPDOPDQDJHPHQWHJFUHDWLRQRIDVPDOO
,QUHFHQW\HDUVWKHUHKDYHEHHQVLJQLILFDQWDGYDQFHVLQ
FDYLW\EHWZHHQWKHFHOOJURXSVIRUFHGDLUFRROLQJKHDW
95/$EDWWHU\GHVLJQDQGWHFKQRORJ\WRPHHWWKHVSHFLILF
H[FKDQJHUDQGILQHWF
UHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKH93RZHU1HWDQGK\EULGHOHFWULF
YHKLFOHVIRUH[DPSOHH[WHQVLRQRIEDWWHU\OLIHLQ36R&
%DWWHU\PDQXIDFWXUHUVGHYHORSLQJ95/$EDWWHULHVIRUWKH
RSHUDWLRQ7KHVHGHVLJQIHDWXUHVPD\LQFOXGH
93RZHU1HWLQFOXGH-&,<XDVD'HOFR-6%)XUDNDZD
6KLQ.REH3DQDVRQLF9%$XWREDWWHULH9DUWDQRZRZQHG
1HZJULGGHVLJQVIRUXQLIRUPFXUUHQWGLVWULEXWLRQ
E\-&,+RSSHFNHQRZRZQHGE\-&,DQG([LGH
3RVLWLYHJULGVZLWKDKLJKWLQFRQWHQW!IRU
)LJXUHVKRZVDQH[DPSOHRID9EDWWHU\PDQXIDFWXUHG
LPSURYHGFRUURVLRQUHVLVWDQFHDQGHOLPLQDWLRQRI
E\-6%DQGDOUHDG\ILWWHGWRK\EULGHOHFWULFYHKLFOHV
SUHPDWXUHFDSDFLW\ORVV
7KLVEDWWHU\FRQWDLQVPDQ\RIWKHGHVLJQLPSURYHPHQWV
PHQWLRQHGDERYH)LJXUHVKRZVDQH[DPSOHRID
7KLQSODWHVDQGFORVHSODWHVSDFLQJIRUORZLPSHGDQFH
PRGXODU9EDWWHU\PDQXIDFWXUHGE\([LGH7HFKQRORJLHV
7KLVLVDYDLODEOHDVDN:EDWWHU\SRZHURSWLPLVHGIRUWKH
6SHFLDOVHSDUDWRUV²SRVVLELOLWLHVLQFOXGHDVSHFLDOJODVV
EOHQGKLJKILQHILEHUFRQWHQWVHSDUDWHOD\HUVRIFRDUVH
VWDUWVWRSIXQFWLRQRUDVDN:EDWWHU\F\FOHRSWLPLVHG
IRUSRZHUDVVLVWDQGUHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ
DQGILQHJODVVILEHUVRUDEOHQGRIJODVVZLWKSRO\PHULF
WWWDIGATRONCOM
ÌiÀ˜>̈ÛiÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ-ÞÌi“ÃÊvœÀÊ̅iÊ{Ó6Ê*œÜiÀ iÌ
)LJXUHVKRZVWKH-&,+RSSHFNHERDUGQHW9EDWWHU\
£{°ÓÊ ˆVŽiÊiÌ>ÊÞ`Àˆ`i
7KLVLVUDWHGDVDN:EDWWHU\V!Y#ƒ&
DQG6R&RUDN:EDWWHU\V!Y#ƒ&DQG
,QUHFHQW\HDUVWKHQLFNHOPHWDOK\GULGHEDWWHU\KDV
6R&
GLVSODFHGQLFNHOFDGPLXPLQPDQ\DSSOLFDWLRQVDQGKDV
IRXQGZLGHXVHLQFRQVXPHUDSSOLFDWLRQV+RZHYHUOLWKLXP
LRQLVQRZRYHUWDNLQJQLFNHOPHWDOK\GULGHLQPDQ\RI
WKHVHFRQVXPHUPDUNHWV
7KHSRVLWLYHHOHFWURGHRIWKHQLFNHOPHWDOK\GULGHEDWWHU\
FRPSULVHVQLFNHO,,,K\GUR[\R[LGH1L22+,QWKH
QHJDWLYHHOHFWURGHK\GURJHQLVLQFRUSRUDWHGLQDQDOOR\DV
DPHWDOK\GULGH7KHUHDFWLRQDWWKHQHJDWLYHHOHFWURGHLV
0+[2+ !0+[+H
7KHHOHFWURO\WHLVDQDTXHRXVVROXWLRQRI.2+DQGPD\
FRQWDLQRWKHUDGGLWLYHV7KHDOOR\XVHGIRUWKHQHJDWLYH
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓ{
HOHFWURGHPD\EHPLVFKPHWDOZKLFKLVDQXQUHILQHG
PL[WXUHRIUDUHHDUWKHOHPHQWV%DWWHU\PDQXIDFWXUHUVKDYH
DOVRGHYHORSHGFXVWRPDOOR\VGHVLJQHGWRPHHWVSHFLILF
SHUIRUPDQFHUHTXLUHPHQWV
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓx
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓÇ
)LJXUHVKRZVD9DUWD1L0+9SRZHUQHWPRGXOH
ZKLFKKDVDQRPLQDOYROWDJHRIYROWFDSDFLW\RI$K
DQGHQHUJ\FRQWHQWRIN:K
7KHQLFNHOPHWDOK\GULGHEDWWHU\PDQXIDFWXUHUVDUHYHU\
NHHQWRPRYHLQWRWKHDXWRPRWLYHEDWWHU\PDUNHW+RZHYHU
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓÈ
WKHKLJKFRVWRIWKHVHEDWWHULHVZLOOLQKLELWWKHLUZLGHVSUHDG
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
ÌiÀ˜>̈ÛiÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ-ÞÌi“ÃÊvœÀÊ̅iÊ{Ó6Ê*œÜiÀ iÌ
XVHXQWLOWKHPDUNHWIRUK\EULGHOHFWULFYHKLFOHVGHYHORSV
7KLV)LJXUHDOVRVKRZVWKH%DWWHU\0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHP
$GYDQFHG1L0+EDWWHULHVZLOOEHPRUHUHDGLO\DEOHWRPHHW
%06ZKLFKLVDQHVVHQWLDOIHDWXUHRIOLWKLXPLRQEDWWHULHV
WKHGHPDQGLQJSRZHUUHTXLUHPHQWVLQWKH+(9DSSOLFDWLRQ
7KH%06PHDVXUHVWKHYROWDJHVDQGVHQGVWKHGDWDYLD
WKDQ95/$EDWWHULHV+RZHYHUWKHSRRUORZWHPSHUDWXUH
&$1EXVWRWKHXVHU,WLVHTXLSSHGZLWKDPLFURFRQWUROOHU
SHUIRUPDQFHRI1L0+PHDQVWKDWDOHDGDFLGEDWWHU\PD\
DQGWKHUHIRUHLVRSHQIRUIXWXUHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI
VWLOOEHQHHGHGIRUFROGVWDUWLQJ
DOJRULWKPVWRGHWHUPLQH62&VWDWHRIFKDUJH62+VWDWH
RIKHDOWKDQG623VWDWHRISRZHU
5HVHDUFKHIIRUWKDVDOUHDG\LPSURYHGWKHKLJKWHPSHUDWXUH
FKDUJHHIILFLHQF\RIWKH1L0+EDWWHU\E\WKHXVHRIVSHFLILF
DGGLWLYHV3RRUORZWHPSHUDWXUHSHUIRUPDQFHUHPDLQVD
VLJQLILFDQWSUREOHPDQGLVWKHVXEMHFWRIRQJRLQJUHVHDUFK
SDUWLFXODUO\LQ-DSDQ
3DQDVRQLF6DIW2YRQLF6DQ\R<XDVDDQG9DUWDDUH
GHYHORSLQJ1L0+EDWWHULHVIRU(9+(9DSSOLFDWLRQV
£{°Îʈ̅ˆÕ“Êœ˜
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÓn
5HFKDUJHDEOH/LWKLXPLRQEDWWHULHVDUHZLGHO\XVHGLQ
FRQVXPHUDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGDUHWKHVXEMHFWRIVXEVWDQWLDO
3RZHUFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI/LLRQDQG1L0+EDWWHULHVDUH
UHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWHIIRUW6RPHRIWKLVUHVHDUFK
VKRZQLQ)LJXUH
LVGHYRWHGWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIODUJHUFHOOVDQGEDWWHULHV
7KLVILJXUHVKRZVWKDWDOWKRXJK/LLRQKDVVLJQLILFDQWO\
IRUK\EULGHOHFWULFYHKLFOHV)RUWKLVDSSOLFDWLRQOLWKLXPLRQ
KLJKHUVSHFLILFSRZHUWKDQ1L0+DWWHPSHUDWXUHVDERYH
KDVWKHDGYDQWDJHVRIKLJKFHOOYROWDJHVSHFLILFHQHUJ\
ƒ&DW²ƒ&DQGEHORZWKHVSHFLILFSRZHURI/L,RQ
DQGVSHFLILFSRZHU6SHFLILFHQHUJ\DQGVSHFLILFSRZHUDUH
EDWWHULHVLVQREHWWHUWKDQWKDWRI1L0+EDWWHULHV7KLV
KLJKHUWKDQIRU1L0+
GLPLQLVKHVWKHDGYDQWDJHVHJFRPSDFWQHVVRI/LLRQ
+RZHYHUFRVWLVVWLOODPDMRULVVXHDQGWKHUHDUHWHFKQLFDO
EDWWHULHVFRPSDUHGZLWK1L0+DQGGHPRQVWUDWHVWKH
SUREOHPVWREHUHVROYHG7KHUHDUHVWLOOFRQFHUQVDERXW
LPSRUWDQFHRILPSURYLQJWKHSRZHUFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRI/LLRQ
VDIHW\DQGEDWWHU\PDQDJHPHQWKDVWREHDWWKHVLQJOHFHOO
EDWWHULHVDWORZWHPSHUDWXUHV
OHYHORYHUFKDUJHDQGRYHUGLVFKDUJHPXVWEHDYRLGHGDWDOO
FRVWV$VZLWK1L0+SRZHUDWORZWHPSHUDWXUHFRXOGEHD
SUREOHP
)LJXUHVKRZVD99EDWWHU\EHLQJGHYHORSHGE\
/LWKLXP7HFKQRORJ\&RUSRUDWLRQXQGHUWKH*$,$EUDQG
QDPHDQGWUDGHPDUN7KLVN:SHDNSRZHUDQGN:K
EDWWHU\LVFRQVWUXFWHGIURPYROWFHOOVZLWKDFDSDFLW\RI
$KDQGZLOOGHOLYHURYHU$IRUPRUHWKDQVHFRQGV
RYHUDWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJHIURPƒ&WR²ƒ&3HDNSRZHU
LVN:DWƒ&DQGRYHUN:DW²ƒ&
ˆ}ÕÀiÊә
WWWDIGATRONCOM
“«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃÊvœÀÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ/iÃ̈˜}
£{°{Ê"̅iÀÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ-ÞÃÌi“Ã
(OHFWULF7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ,QVWLWXWHLVFDUU\LQJRXWWULDOVRQ
DQHOHFWULFEXVILWWHGZLWKD=(%5$EDWWHU\7KHFODLPHG
95/$1L0+/LLRQDUHH[SHFWHGWREHWKHRQO\VHULRXV
DGYDQWDJHVRIWKH=(%5$EDWWHU\LQFOXGHVDIHW\SRZHU
FRQWHQGHUVIRUDXWRPRWLYHDSSOLFDWLRQVLQWKHIRUHVHHDEOH
RXWSXWDQGRSHUDWLRQRYHUDZLGHWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJH,WFDQ
IXWXUH1LFNHO]LQFGRHVQRWVKRZPXFKSURPLVHLQ
RSHUDWHRYHUDWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJHRIƒ&WRƒ&ZLWKQR
FRPSDULVRQZLWK1L0+DQG/LLRQ2QHRILWVFULWLFDO
DSSUHFLDEOHORVVLQSHUIRUPDQFH7KHKLJKHUSRZHURXWSXW
GUDZEDFNVLQWKH(9RU+(9DSSOLFDWLRQLVWKDWLWGRHV
FRPSDUHGZLWKDEXVILWWHGZLWKOHDGDFLGEDWWHULHVPHDQV
QRWIDVWFKDUJHYHU\ZHOOZKLFKOLPLWVLWVXVHLQDQ\
WKDWWKH=(%5$SRZHUHGEXVFDQPDLQWDLQKLJKHUVSHHGVRQ
UHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJV\VWHP
VLJQLILFDQWJUDGLHQWVDVZHOODVRQWKHOHYHO$UDQJHRI
7KH=HEUDEDWWHU\ZKLFKXVHVVRGLXPQLFNHOFKORULGH
PLOHVEHWZHHQUHFKDUJHVLVFODLPHG
FKHPLVWU\LVSRWHQWLDOO\LQWHUHVWLQJ+RZHYHUWKH
/LWKLXPPHWDOSRO\PHU²IRUH[DPSOHDVVXSSOLHGE\
WKLFNQHVVRIWKHLQWHUQDOFHUDPLFVSUREDEO\OLPLWVLWWR
$YHVWRU²FRXOGEHVXLWDEOHIRUORZWRPLGSRZHU
VWDWLRQDU\DSSOLFDWLRQV1HYHUWKHOHVV6DQWD%DUEDUD·V
DSSOLFDWLRQVEXWQRWIRUKLJKSRZHU(9+(9DSSOLFDWLRQV
£x°Ê“«ˆV>̈œ˜ÃÊvœÀÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ/iÃ̈˜}
0DQ\WHVWODERUDWRULHVRQO\WHVWOHDGDFLGEDWWHULHVVRWKDW
,IVHYHUDO/LLRQFHOOVDUHWHVWHGLQVHULHV²DVZLOOEHWKH
VSHFLI\LQJWKHWHVWHTXLSPHQWLVUHODWLYHO\VWUDLJKWIRUZDUG
FDVHLID9EDWWHU\LVWHVWHGIRUH[DPSOHWKHUHQHHGV
+RZHYHULILWLVLQWHQGHGWRFDUU\RXWWHVWVRQPRUHWKDQ
WREHLQGLYLGXDOYROWDJHFRQWURORQHDFKFHOOIRUWKH
RQHEDWWHU\V\VWHPVHYHUDOIDFWRUVQHHGWREHWDNHQLQWR
UHDVRQVDVPHQWLRQHGDERYH
DFFRXQWZKHQVSHFLI\LQJWKHWHVWHTXLSPHQW
/LIHWHVWF\FOHVPD\UHTXLUHVKRUWKLJKFXUUHQWSXOVHV
LQERWKFKDUJHDQGGLVFKDUJHDQGWKHWHVWHTXLSPHQW
7KHPLQLPXPDQGPD[LPXPYROWDJHVRIWKHEDWWHU\
V\VWHPVXQGHUWHVWQHHGWREHFRQVLGHUHG1RPLQDO
YROWDJHVUDQJHIURPYROWVIRU1L0+WRYROWVIRU
QHHGVWREHFDSDEOHRIWKLV
7HVWVZLOOQHHGWREHFDUULHGRXWDWFRQVWDQWSRZHUDV
ZHOODVDWFRQVWDQWFXUUHQW
/LLRQZLWKDPD[LPXPYROWDJHRIDERXWYROWVIRU
/LLRQ
/LLRQFHOOVLQSDUWLFXODUQHHGLQGLYLGXDOYROWDJHFRQWURO
RQHDFKFHOOWRSUHYHQWRYHUGLVFKDUJHRURYHUFKDUJH
7KLVEDWWHU\FKHPLVWU\GRHVQRWWROHUDWHRYHUFKDUJHRU
RYHUGLVFKDUJHDQGWKHUHDUHVDIHW\LVVXHVLIWKHFHOOV
DUHQRWFKDUJHGDQGGLVFKDUJHGZLWKLQWKHEDWWHU\
PDQXIDFWXUHUVJXLGHOLQHVIRUPD[LPXPDQGPLQLPXP
YROWDJH
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
/iÃÌʵՈ«“i˜ÌÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>˜`Ê-«iVˆwV>̈œ˜Ã
£È°Ê/iÃÌʵՈ«“i˜ÌÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>˜`Ê-«iVˆwV>̈œ˜Ã
,WFDQEHVHHQIURPWKHVHFWLRQRQEDWWHU\WHVWVFKHGXOHV
i˜iÀ>ÊÀiµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊvœÀÊLœÌ…Ê>««ˆV>̈œ˜ÃÊ>Ài\
WKDWWKHEDWWHU\SHUIRUPDQFHDQGWHVWUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU
&HQWUDOFRQWUROWKURXJKKRVWFRPSXWHU
WKH93RZHU1HWDUHTXLWHFRPSOH[7HVWUHTXLUHPHQWV
&RQWURORIFXUUHQWYROWDJHSRZHUDQGUHVLVWDQFHUDPS
ZLOOEHGHSHQGHQWRQWRZKDWH[WHQWWKHEDWWHU\LVUHTXLUHG
WRSHUIRUPDGGLWLRQDOGXWLHVVXFKDVVWRSVWDUWSRZHU
DVVLVWHWF7KLVZLOOEHOLQNHGWRZKHWKHUWKHYHKLFOHLVILWWHG
ZLWK&6$RU,6*DQGDQ\UHTXLUHPHQWVIRUUHJHQHUDWLYH
EUDNLQJ%HFDXVHWKHUHDUHOLNHO\WREHGLIIHUHQWEDWWHU\WHVW
IXQFWLRQ
6ZLWFKLQJSDUDPHWHUVGXULQJFKDUJHDQGGLVFKDUJH
ÃWLPHYROWDJHFXUUHQW$K:KWHPS
)XQFWLRQV
ÃFKDUJHGLVFKDUJHSDXVHF\FOHVF\FOHLQF\FOHSXOVH
VSHFLILFDWLRQVIRUGLIIHUHQWDSSOLFDWLRQVLWLVHVVHQWLDOWKDW
8SWRSURJUDPVWHSV
WKHWHVWHTXLSPHQWLVIOH[LEOHHQRXJKWRFDUU\RXWDZLGH
7HPSHUDWXUHVHQVRURSWLRQ
UDQJHRIGLIIHUHQWWHVWV([DPSOHVRIVXLWDEOHWHVWHTXLSPHQW
IURP'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUHV
DQG7DEOHV7KLVHTXLSPHQWLVFDSDEOHRIGHDOLQJZLWK
7KHWHFKQLFDOGDWDIRUWKH&\FOH/LIHWHVWHTXLSPHQW8%7
WKHIXOOUDQJHRIWHVWUHTXLUHPHQWVLQFOXGLQJWKHIROORZLQJ
VKRZQLQ)LJXUHVLVJLYHQLQ7DEOH
-Ì>˜`>À`Ê««ˆV>̈œ˜Ã\
)RUVSHFLDODSSOLFDWLRQVWKH3RZHU1HWWHVWHTXLSPHQW%17
$YHUDJHDQGSHDNSRZHUSRZHUFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDW
GLIIHUHQWWHPSHUDWXUHV
LVDYDLODEOHDQGVKRZQLQ)LJXUHV7KHWHFKQLFDOGDWDIRU
WKLVHTXLSPHQWLVJLYHQLQ7DEOH
&\FOHOLIHIRUVKDOORZDQGGHHSF\FOHVDQGLQ36R&
RSHUDWLRQ
$QXPEHURIRSWLRQVDUHDOVRDYDLODEOHZLWKWKLVHTXLSPHQW
/LIH(QGXUDQFH
&KDUJH$FFHSWDQFH
3XOVHFRQWUROIRUVOHZUDWHVPV
2WKHUWHVWVHJ,626WDQGDUG
7HPSHUDWXUHPHDVXUHPHQWƒ&WRƒ&
'DWDORJJHU,QWHUIDFH
-«iVˆ>Ê««ˆV>̈œ˜Ã\
&$1,QWHUIDFH
&ROG&UDQNLQJDQGVXFFHVVLYHFROGFUDQNSXOVHV
&OLPDWLF&KDPEHU,QWHUIDFH
6WDUWHU$OWHUQDWRURU,QWHJUDWHG6WDUWHU*HQHUDWRU/RDG
5HOD\,QSXW2XWSXW%RDUG
6LPXODWLRQ
WWWDIGATRONCOM
FKDQQHO$0XOWLSOH[HUIRU&\FOH/LIHWHVWHU
/iÃÌʵՈ«“i˜ÌÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>˜`Ê-«iVˆwV>̈œ˜Ã
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎä>
1XPEHURIWHVWFLUFXLWV
&KDUJHGLVFKDUJHFXUUHQWUDQJH
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎäL
$
&KDUJHYROWDJHUDQJH
9
'LVFKDUJHYROWDJHUDQJH
9
$FFXUDF\LQWKHUDQJHRI
)6
)6
RIUHDGLQJV
)6
5HVROXWLRQ
ELW
'DWDDFTXLVLWLRQUDWHIRU,DQG9
PVHF
7UDQVLWLRQFKDUJHGLVFKDUJH
7HFKQRORJ\
&RROLQJ
3RZHU6XSSO\
'LPHQVLRQV+[:['
:HLJKW
HOHFWURQLFPVHF
7UDQVLVWRUV
)DQV
SKDVH+]
DSSN9$
[[PP
DSSNJV
/>LiÊn
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
/iÃÌʵՈ«“i˜ÌÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>˜`Ê-«iVˆwV>̈œ˜Ã
ˆ}ÕÀiÊΣ>
1XPEHURIWHVWFLUFXLWV
ˆ}ÕÀiÊΣL
&KDUJHFXUUHQWUDQJH
$3HDN$
&KDUJHYROWDJHUDQJH
9
'LVFKDUJHFXUUHQWUDQJH
3XOVHGLVFKDUJHVHF
VHFPLQ&UDQNLQJ
$FFXUDF\LQWKHUDQJHRI
)6
)6
PD[$
PD[$
RIUHDGLQJV
)6
5HVROXWLRQ
ELW
'LVFKDUJHYROWDJHUDQJH
99
&RQWLQXRXVSRZHU
N:
'DWDDFTXLVLWLRQUDWHIRU,DQG9
PVHF
7UDQVLWLRQFKDUJHGLVFKDUJH
7HFKQRORJLHV
&RROLQJ
3RZHUVXSSO\
'LPHQVLRQV+[:['
:HLJKW
HOHFWURQLFPVHF
7UDQVLVWRUV7K\ULVWRUV,*%7
)DQV
SKDVH+]
DSSN9$
[[PP
DSSNJV
/>Liʙ
WWWDIGATRONCOM
1ÌÀ>V>«>VˆÌœÀÃ
£Ç°Ê1ÌÀ>V>«>VˆÌœÀÃ
7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIORZFRVWOLJKWZHLJKWVSLUDOZRXQG
WKDWWKLVV\VWHPZLOOGHOLYHUVXSHULRUF\FOHOLIHDWKLJK
XOWUDFDSDFLWRUVRU'/&'RXEOH/D\HU&DSDFLWRURSHQV
FXUUHQWVDQGLQH[WUHPHKLJKDQGORZWHPSHUDWXUHV
XSWKHSRVVLELOLW\RIFRPELQLQJEDWWHULHVZLWKFDSDFLWRUV
7KH'/&FDQSURYLGHYHU\KLJKLQVWDQWDQHRXVSRZHUFDQ
3DQDVRQLFDUHWKHPDMRUFRPSHWLWRUWR0D[ZHOO([LGHIRU
EHUHFKDUJHGYHU\UDSLGO\DQGKDVDYHU\ORQJF\FOHOLIH,W
WKLVDSSOLFDWLRQ0D[ZHOOKDYHTXRWHGWKHIROORZLQJWDUJHWV
VKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWWKH'/&ZRXOGQRWEHDEOHWRUHSODFH
WKHEDWWHU\LQWKHDXWRPRWLYHDSSOLFDWLRQ8OWUDFDSDFLWRUV
FDQGHOLYHUKLJKSRZHUYHU\TXLFNO\EXWFDQQRWVWRUH
HQRXJKHQHUJ\WREHWKHVROHVRXUFHRIHOHFWULFHQHUJ\IRU
WKH93RZHU1HWRUWKHHOHFWULFRUK\EULGHOHFWULFYHKLFOH
+RZHYHUWKHRWKHUEHQHILWWKH\KDYHLVWKDWWKH\DUHYHU\
0D[ZHOOKDVDSULFHJRDORIIRUWKHLU)DUDG
FHOOLQFHOOVZRXOGEHQHHGHGIRUWKH9
DSSOLFDWLRQ
$QHZWHFKQRORJ\FRXOGLQFUHDVHWKLVFDSDFLWDQFHE\D
IDFWRURI
HIILFLHQWDWUHFDSWXULQJHQHUJ\IURPUHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ
95/$EDWWHULHVDUHOHVVHIILFLHQWLQWKLVUHVSHFWSDUWLFXODUO\
$WWKH7RN\R$XWR6KRZ7R\RWDUHYHDOHGLWV(6
LIWKH\DUHQHDUDIXOOVWDWHRIFKDUJH,QVPDOOHUYHKLFOHVWKH
FRQFHSWYHKLFOHSRZHUHGE\D/FRPPRQUDLOWXUER
KLJKFRVWRIWKHXOWUDFDSDFLWRULVDGLVLQFHQWLYHEXWWKHUH
GLHVHOHQJLQHZLWKDOLJKWZHLJKWDHURG\QDPLFGHVLJQDQG
LVDSRWHQWLDODSSOLFDWLRQIRUH[DPSOHZLWKLQWHUFLW\K\EULG
DQXOWUDFDSDFLWRUEDVHGUHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJVWDUWV\VWHP
EXVHV
,QVWHDGRIXVLQJEDWWHULHVIRUHOHFWULFHQHUJ\VWRUDJHWKH
(6UHFDSWXUHVEUDNLQJHQHUJ\LQDQXOWUDFDSDFLWRU7KH
7KHRWKHUNH\SUREOHPZLWK'/&LVWKHFRVWWRGDWHWKH\
HOHFWULFDOHQHUJ\VWRUHGLQWKHFDSDFLWRUFDQWKHQEHXVHG
KDYHEHHQIDUWRRH[SHQVLYHIRUFRQVLGHUDWLRQLQWKH
WRSRZHUWKHHQJLQHVWDUWHU7KHSURMHFWHGIXHOHFRQRP\LV
DXWRPRWLYHDSSOLFDWLRQV0D[ZHOOKDYHFODLPHGWKDWWKH
PLOHVWRWKHJDOORQ,WUHPDLQVWREHVHHQZKHWKHUWKLV
FRVWZLOOFRPHGRZQWRSHUN)E\(YHQDWWKLV
YHKLFOHJRHVLQWRFRPPHUFLDOSURGXFWLRQEXWWKHFRQFHSW
SULFH²DQGDVVXPLQJWKDWDEDWWHU\ZLOODOVREHQHHGHG
LVLQWHUHVWLQJDOWKRXJKSRWHQWLDOO\EDGQHZVWREDWWHU\
²WKHFRPELQDWLRQRIEDWWHU\FDSDFLWRUFRXOGVWLOOEHDQ
PDQXIDFWXUHUV
H[SHQVLYHRSWLRQ%XWLWRSHQVXSLQWHUHVWLQJSRVVLELOLWLHV
IRUDPLOGK\EULGLQZKLFKWKHFDSDFLWRUVDUHXVHGWR
7KHXOWUDFDSDFLWRUEDWWHU\RSWLRQPD\KHOSLQWKHPRUH
SURYLGHWKHVWDUWLQJSRZHULQWKHVWDUWVWRSVFHQDULRDQG
VRSKLVWLFDWHG9V\VWHPZLWKUHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJDQG
IRUWKHILUVWIHZVHFRQGVRIDFFHOHUDWLRQIURPUHVWZKLFK
SRZHUDVVLVW,QWKLVDSSOLFDWLRQWKHOHDGDFLGEDWWHU\
IRUDQ,&HQJLQHLVWKHPRVWSROOXWLQJDQGLQHIILFLHQWSDUWRI
PD\VWUXJJOHWRPHHWSHUIRUPDQFHDQGOLIHUHTXLUHPHQWV
WKHGULYHF\FOHWKHSRZHULVSURYLGHGE\WKHFDSDFLWRUVRU
7KHFRPELQDWLRQRIOHDGDFLGEDWWHU\XOWUDFDSDFLWRU
FDSDFLWRUVEDWWHU\
PD\SURYLGHDQHDWVROXWLRQSHUPLWWLQJWKHXVHRIWKH
ORZFRVWOHDGDFLGEDWWHU\IRUKLJKSRZHUORDGVZKLOH
7KHSRWHQWLDOEHQHILWVRIFRPELQLQJFDSDFLWRUV
WKHXOWUDFDSDFLWRULVLGHDOIRUHQHUJ\UHFRYHU\WKURXJK
ZLWKEDWWHULHVKDYHEHHQUHDOLVHGE\RQHPDMRU
UHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJDQGGHOLYHU\RIODXQFKDVVLVW+RZHYHU
EDWWHU\PDQXIDFWXUHU([LGH7HFKQRORJLHV,Q0D\
WKHKLJKFRVWRIWKHXOWUDFDSDFLWRUPD\PDNHWKLVVROXWLRQ
DSDUWQHUVKLSEHWZHHQ0D[ZHOO7HFKQRORJLHV
3RZHU&DFKHŠDQG([LGH7HFKQRORJLHVZDVDQQRXQFHG
LPSUDFWLFDO
ZLWKWKHDLPRISURGXFLQJKLJKWHFKEDWWHU\XOWUDFDSDFLWRU
$W$$%&$QGUHZ%XUNHRI8&'DYLV>@UHYLHZHG
V\VWHPV7KHVHZLOOLQFRUSRUDWH([LGH7HFKQRORJLHV·KLJK
SHUIRUPDQFHVSLUDOZRXQG([LGH6HOHFW2UELWDOŠEDWWHULHV
SRVVLEOHFRVWHIIHFWLYHFRPELQDWLRQVRIXOWUDFDSDFLWRUV
DQG0D[ZHOO·V3RZHU&DFKHŠ8OWUDFDSDFLWRUV,WLVFODLPHG
WKDWWKHXOWUDFDSDFLWRULV´V\PPHWULFDOµLQWKHGHOLYHU\RU
DQGEDWWHULHVIRUYHKLFOHDSSOLFDWLRQV+HSRLQWHGRXW
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
1ÌÀ>V>«ÊµÕˆ«“i˜ÌÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>˜`Ê-«iVˆwV>̈œ˜Ã
DFFHSWDQFHRIHQHUJ\7KHEDWWHU\LVQRWVRWKDWWKHOHDG
7KHEDWWHU\FDQEHXVHGRYHUDZLGHUVWDWHRIFKDUJHDQG
DFLGEDWWHU\IRUH[DPSOHPD\QRWEHDEOHWRDFFHSWKLJK
WKHVDPHSRZHULVREWDLQHGIRUDFFHOHUDWLRQDQGEUDNLQJ
LQUXVKFXUUHQWVDWKLJK6R&,WZLOOEHHDVLHUWRH[WHQGWKH
UHJDUGOHVVRIWKHEDWWHU\6R&7KHEDWWHU\XOWUDFDSDFLWRU
OLIHRIWKHOHDGDFLGEDWWHU\LILWLVXVHGZLWKXOWUDFDSDFLWRUV
FRPELQDWLRQLVPRUHOLNHO\WREHYLDEOHZLWKOHDGDFLG
)RU1L0+RU/LLRQWKHHIIHFWRQF\FOHOLIHRIXVLQJ
WKDQZLWKRWKHUEDWWHU\V\VWHPV6\VWHPZHLJKWFDQEH
XOWUDFDSDFLWRUVLVXQNQRZQ
UHGXFHGZLWKWKHOHDGDFLGXOWUDFDSDFLWRUFRPELQDWLRQ
EXWLQFUHDVHVZLWKWKHOLWKLXPLRQXOWUDFDSDFLWRUV\VWHP
7KHFRVWRIWKHXOWUDFDSDFLRULVWKHNH\WRWKHFRVWDQG
+RZHYHUHYHQDVVXPLQJDORZSULFHRIN:IRUWKH
YLDELOLW\RIDFRPELQHGEDWWHU\XOWUDFDSDFLWRUV\VWHP)RU
XOWUDFDSDFLWRUWKHV\VWHPFRVWZRXOGLQFUHDVHIURP
WKHFRPELQDWLRQWREHYLDEOHZLWKOHDGDFLGWKHFDSDFLWRU
WR$IXUWKHUVLJQLILFDQWGHFUHDVHLQWKHXOWUDFDSDFLWRU
FRVWQHHGVWREHOHVVWKDQ:K+LJKHUSRZHUDQGPRUH
FRVWLVQHHGHGIRUWKH3E$'/&FRPELQDWLRQWREHYLDEOH
XVDEOHHQHUJ\LVDYDLODEOHWKDQZLWKWKHEDWWHU\DORQH
£n°Ê1ÌÀ>V>«ÊµÕˆ«“i˜ÌÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>˜`Ê-«iVˆwV>̈œ˜Ã
7HVWUHTXLUHPHQWVZLOOEHGHSHQGHQWRQWRZKDWH[WHQW
5DQJHVZLWFKLQJWRPLOOLDPSUDQJHVIRUOHDNDJHWHVWLQJ
WKH8OWUDFDSLVUHTXLUHGWRSHUIRUPDGGLWLRQDOGXWLHV
)XQFWLRQVÃFKDUJHGLVFKDUJHSDXVHF\FOHVF\FOHLQ
VXFKDVVWRSVWDUWSRZHUDVVLVWHWF7KLVZLOOEHOLQNHG
WRZKHWKHUWKHYHKLFOHLVILWWHGZLWK&6$RU,6*DQGDQ\
UHTXLUHPHQWVIRUUHJHQHUDWLYHEUDNLQJ%HFDXVHWKHUHDUH
F\FOH
3HDNSRZHUSXOVHVXSWRDPSZLWKULVHWLPH
PVHF
OLNHO\WREHGLIIHUHQW8OWUDFDSWHVWVSHFLILFDWLRQVIRUGLIIHUHQW
&DSDFLWDQFH(65SRZHUDQGHQHUJ\GHWHUPLQDWLRQV
DSSOLFDWLRQVLWLVHVVHQWLDOWKDWWKHWHVWHTXLSPHQWLVIOH[LEOH
$GGLWLRQDOLQSXWPHDVXUHPHQWFKDQQHOVIRUPXOWLFHOO
HQRXJKWRFDUU\RXWDZLGHUDQJHRIGLIIHUHQWWHVWV
$QH[DPSOHRIVXLWDEOHXOWUDFDSWHVWHTXLSPHQWIURP
'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHVDQG
PRQLWRULQJDQGWHPSHUDWXUHV
)DVWGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQIRUYROWDJHDQGFXUUHQWDVZHOODV
IRUDGGLWLRQDOLQSXWFKDQQHOV
7DEOH7KLVHTXLSPHQWLVFDSDEOHRIGHDOLQJZLWKWKHIXOO
UDQJHRIWHVWUHTXLUHPHQWVLQFOXGLQJWKHIROORZLQJ
$QXPEHURIRSWLRQVDUHDOVRDYDLODEOHZLWKWKLVHTXLSPHQW
'DWDORJJHU,QWHUIDFH
&KDUJHGLVFKDUJHFDSDELOLW\ZLWKRXW]HURFURVVLQJ
GHDG]RQH
+LJKFXUUHQWDQGYROWDJHVWDELOLW\DQGDFFXUDF\
&$1,QWHUIDFH
&OLPDWLF&KDPEHU,QWHUIDFH
5HOD\2XWSXW%RDUG
&RQWURORIFXUUHQWYROWDJHSRZHUDQGUHVLVWDQFH
6ZLWFKLQJSDUDPHWHUVGXULQJFKDUJHDQGGLVFKDUJH
WLPHYROWDJHFXUUHQW$K:KWHPSHUDWXUHFHOO
YROWDJHV
WWWDIGATRONCOM
1ÌÀ>V>«ÊµÕˆ«“i˜ÌÊ,iµÕˆÀi“i˜ÌÃÊ>˜`Ê-«iVˆwV>̈œ˜Ã
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎÓL
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎÓ>
1XPEHURIFLUFXLWV
&KDUJHFXUUHQWUDQJH
$PD[
&KDUJHYROWDJHUDQJH
9PD[
'LVFKDUJHFXUUHQWUDQJH
$PD[
'LVFKDUJHYROWDJHUDQJH
99
$FFXUDF\LQWKHUDQJHRI
)6
)6
RIUHDGLQJV
)6
5HVROXWLRQ
ELW
5LVHWLPH
W\SPVHF
&RQWLQXRXVSRZHU
'DWDDFTXLVLWLRQUDWHIRU,DQG9
7UDQVLWLRQFKDUJHGLVFKDUJH
7HFKQRORJ\
&RROLQJ
3RZHUVXSSO\
'LPHQVLRQV+[:['
:HLJKW
N:PD[
PVHF
HOHFWURQLFPVHF
7UDQVLVWRUV
)DQV
SKDVH+]
[[PP
DSSNJV
/>LiÊ£ä
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
œÃÌÊ
œ“«ÕÌiÀÊ-œvÌÜ>Ài
£™°ÊœÃÌÊ
œ“«ÕÌiÀÊ-œvÌÜ>Ài
7KHNH\WRPRGHUQDXWRPDWHGWHVWHTXLSPHQWLVWKH
VRIWZDUHWKDWLVXVHGWRFRQWUROWKHWHVWFLUFXLWV>@
7KHEHVWVRIWZDUHQHHGVWREHERWKWHFKQLFDOO\DGYDQFHG
8WLOLVDWLRQRIXVHUGHVLJQDWHGSDUDPHWHUVLQWKHFUHDWLRQ
RIFXVWRPUHSRUWVDQGJUDSKLFV
%XLOWLQGDWDEDVHRISUHVHWEDWWHU\LGHQWLILFDWLRQ
DQGVLPSOHWRXVHIRUYDU\LQJOHYHOVRIH[SHUWLVH,WDOVR
QXPEHUV7KHWHVWSURJUDPWDNHVDOORIWKHSDUDPHWHUV
QHHGVWREHFRPSDWLEOHZLWKDYDULHW\RIWHVWHTXLSPHQW
IURPWKHLGHQWLILFDWLRQQXPEHUDQGFDOFXODWHVWKHFRUUHFW
FRQILJXUDWLRQV.H\IHDWXUHVLQFOXGH
FXUUHQWDQGYROWDJHVHWSRLQWV
6RIWZDUHIOH[LEOHHQRXJKWREHXVHGIRUDODUJHYDULHW\RI
$ELOLW\WRVDYHDQGUHSHDWSURFHGXUHVTXLFNO\DQGZLWK
OLWWOHXVHULQSXW
EDWWHU\W\SHVHJ3E$1L0+/LLRQHWFDVZHOODVIRU
8OWUDFDSV
$ELOLW\WRVDYHDQGVWRUHLQWULFDWHSURFHGXUHVIRUIDVW
XQFRPSOLFDWHGUHXVHDWDQ\WLPHHYHQZKLOHDQRWKHU
'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVGHYHORSHG%76DQGVHWQHZ
WHVWVHTXHQFHLVXWLOL]LQJWKHVDPHSURFHGXUH
VWDQGDUGVLQEDWWHU\DQGXOWUDFDSWHVWLQJ
(DV\JHQHUDWLRQRIDYDULHW\RIVWDQGDUGUHSRUWVDQG
6HH)LJXUHV>@IRUPRUHGHWDLOV
VXSSRUWLQJJUDSKLFV
WWWDIGATRONCOM
/-‡ÈääÊ*
Ê-œvÌÜ>Ài
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎÎVKRZVDQH[DPSOHRIWKHPDLQFRQWUROVFUHHQ$OOVLJQLILFDQWSDUDPHWHUVDUHGLVSOD\HGDWWKHVDPH
WLPHRQWKLVPDLQFRQWUROVFUHHQVRWKDWWKHXVHUPD\PRQLWRUPXOWLSOHWHVWVHTXHQFHVDVWKH\UXQ$GGLWLRQDOO\
WKHXVHUFDQUHOLQTXLVKFRQWURORIWKHEDFNJURXQGSURFHVVHVWRWKHVRIWZDUHLQRUGHUWRFRQFHQWUDWHRQWKHPRVW
LPSRUWDQWWHVWIDFWRUVGLVSOD\HGRQWKLVPDLQVFUHHQ
7KHOHIWKDQGVLGHRIWKHPDLQVFUHHQLVWKHFRQWURODQG
VWDWXVVHFWLRQ7KHULJKWKDQGVLGHLVWKHPRQLWRULQJVHFWLRQ
7KHPRQLWRULQJVHFWLRQLVODUJHHQRXJKWRKDQGOHWKRXVDQGVRI
>ˆ˜Ê
œ˜ÌÀœÊ>˜`ʜ˜ˆÌœÀˆ˜}Ê-VÀii˜
GDWD'DWDZLOOEHGLVSOD\HGE\VKLIWLQJWKHVFUROOEDUV,PSRUWDQW
GDWDDOZD\VDSSHDURQWKHPDLQVFUHHQEHFDXVHRIIUHHGDWDDOORFDWLRQ
*Àœ}À>“ʈLÀ>ÀÞ
0RVWFROXPQKHDGHUVDUHKHDGOLQHDQGFRQWUROEXWWRQDWRQFH2QHFOLFNRQ3URJUDPDQGWKH
3URJUDP/LEUDU\ZLOOEHVKRZQ$FOLFNRQDFHUWDLQSURJUDPQDPHFDOOVXSWKHFRPSOHWHWHVWSURJUDP
VFKHGXOHZLWKWKHUXQQLQJVWHSKLJKOLJKWHG
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
/-‡ÈääÊ*
Ê-œvÌÜ>Ài
/-‡ÈääÊ
/…iÊՏ̈Ê՘V̈œ˜Ê-VÀii˜
)DPLOLDUZRUNLQJHQYLURQPHQWE\XQLIRUPVFUHHQGHVLJQDQGDUFKLWHFWXUH
$OPRVWDOOPRQLWRULQJDQGFRQWUROIXQFWLRQVDUHFDUULHGRXWIURPMXVWRQHVFUHHQ
2YHUDOOVWDWXVFLUFXLWVWDWXVDQGUHDOWLPHGDWDDUHVKRZQRQRQHVFUHHQ
+XQGUHGVRUHYHQWKRXVDQGVRIUHDOWLPHGDWDDUHGLVSOD\HGLQWKHVDPHVFUHHQ
HQYLURQPHQWE\XVLQJWKHVFUROOEDUV
(DFKGDWDYDOXHPD\EHLQGLYLGXDOO\DOORFDWHGIRUGLVSOD\GHSHQGLQJRQSULRULW\
&OHDULGHQWLILFDWLRQRIDOOGDWDE\LQGLYLGXDOFROXPQKHDGHUV:KHQXVLQJVFUROOEDU
KHDGHUVZLOOVKLIWZKHQGDWDVKLIWV
4XLFN$FWLRQ%XWWRQVDOORZGLUHFWDFFHVVWRFHUWDLQIXQFWLRQVRYHUULGLQJWKH
VXEPHQXV
+DVVOHIUHHRSHUDWLRQZLWKOLPLWHGVXEVFUHHQVPDNHWKHV\VWHPIDPLOLDUDQGHDV\
WRXVH
/iÃÌÊ
ˆÀVՈÌʘ`iÝ
>ÌÌiÀÞʘ`iÝ
WWWDIGATRONCOM
/-‡ÈääÊ*
Ê-œvÌÜ>Ài
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎ{VKRZVWKHVRIWZDUH·VPDLQSURJUDPHGLWRU+HUHWKHXVHUKDVWKHDELOLW\WRVHWWKHSDUDPHWHUVIRU
WKHHQWLUHWHVWVHTXHQFHIURPDVLQJOHVFUHHQ&RPPRQO\XVHGVXEURXWLQHVFDQEHLQVHUWHGZLWKDVLQJOH
FRPPDQGLQVWHDGRIUHTXLULQJWLPHFRQVXPLQJUHSHWLWLRQRIVWHSV
/-‡Èää
/…iÊ œÊˆ“ˆÌÃÊ/iÃÌÊ*Àœ}À>“
6HOIJHQHUDWLQJ
SURJUDPVWHSFRXQWHU
$GGUHVVODEHOIRU
GHILQHGMXPSV
2SHUDWRUVOLNH
FKDUJHGLVFKDUJH
SDXVHHWF
RUSURFHGXUHVLH
6$(-7HVW
3DUDPHWHUVOLNH
9ROW$PSVHWF
RUDQHTXDWLRQIRU
VHOISDUDPHWUL]DWLRQ
/LPLWVZLOOWULJJHU
WKHDFWLRQVKRZQXQGHU
WKHDFWLRQFROXPQ
´,IWKHQJRWRµ
$OOV\VWHPSDUDPHWHUVPD\EH
XVHGDVDOLPLWFRQGLWLRQ
'HILQHVDFWLRQDIWHUUHDFKLQJDOLPLWHJ
MXPSLQJWRDODEHOVHWWLQJRXWSXWUHOD\V
JRLQJWRQH[WVWHSDQGPDQ\PRUH
6DPSOLQJFRQGLWLRQVFRQWUROWKHGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQUDWH
$OOV\VWHPSDUDPHWHUVPD\EHXVHGIRUFRQWURO
([DPSOHRIDFRPSUHVVHGSURJUDPE\XVLQJSURFHGXUHV
7KHSURFHGXUH´0LFUR&\FOHµFRQVLVWVRIDOOVWHSV
VKRZQDWWKHXSSHUVFUHHQZKLFKLVQRZRQHVWHSRQO\
$YHU\XVHIXOIHDWXUHPDNHVSURJUDPPLQJIDVWDQGHDV\
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
/-‡ÈääÊ*
Ê-œvÌÜ>Ài
7KHIDFLOLWLHVIRUFUHDWLQJXQOLPLWHG
WHVWSURJUDPVDUHDQRWKHUKLJKOLJKW
RI%76,WLVWKHFXOPLQDWLRQ
RINQRZKRZRIWZRSUHFHGLQJJHQHUDWLRQV
RIFRPSXWHUFRQWUROOHGWHVWV\VWHPVSOXV
\HDUV·H[SHULHQFHLQEDWWHU\WHVWHTXLSPHQW
6HOIJHQHUDWLQJWHVWSDUDPHWHUVEDVHGRQORJLF
FRPELQDWLRQVRU
IRUPXODHPDFURV
3URFHVVUHODWHGWHVWDQGVDPSOLQJ
FRQGLWLRQVOLNH$KRUGYGW
LQWHUODFLQJRIF\FOHVFDOOLQJXSRIVXEURXWLQHV
FRQWURORIGLJLWDOLQSXWVDQGRXWSXWVVHSDUDWH
EDFNJURXQGSURJUDPHJIRUFRQWURORIWKH
DPELHQWEDWWHU\KDQGOLQJRU
FRQGLWLRQLQJHTXLSPHQW
WWWDIGATRONCOM
7KHVHDUHRQO\VRPHRIWKHIHDWXUHVWREH
UHDOL]HGZLWKHYHQWKHPRVWVRSKLVWLFDWHGWHVW
SURJUDPV
,QRUGHUWRDUUDQJHWKHSURJUDPPLQJ
DVFRPIRUWDEO\DVSRVVLEOHDQG
PDLQWDLQFODULW\IHDWXUHVOLNH
VHOISDUDPHWUL]LQJSURJUDPVGHULYHG
IURPWKH%DWWHU\,GHQWLILFDWLRQ
FRPELQLQJRIUHFXUULQJWHVW
VHTXHQFHVLQWRRQHSURFHGXUH
MXPSVWRFOHDUO\GHILQDEOHODEHOV
LQVHUWLRQRIFRPPHQWVDWDQ\SRLQW
FUHDWLRQRIVSHFLDOQDPHVIRU
RSHUDWRUVSURFHGXUHVRU
SDUDPHWHUVHWF
/-‡ÈääÊ*
Ê-œvÌÜ>Ài
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎxVKRZVDW\SLFDOJUDSKLFVGLVSOD\$GYDQFHGGDWDSURFHVVLQJFDSDELOLW\PHDQVWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ
VRIWZDUHWKDWFDQDGHTXDWHO\WHVWEDWWHULHVFHOOVRUXOWUDFDSVDQGRQHWKDWFDQSURYLGHWUXO\SRZHUIXOUHVXOWV
LQIRUPDWLRQUHSRUWVDQGDFFRPSDQ\LQJJUDSKLFV+HUHGLIIHUHQWXVHUGHILQHGSDUDPHWHUVDUHGLVSOD\HGIRUD
VSHFLILHGWLPHLQWHUYDOVHOHFWHGIURPWKHDUFKLYHGWHVWGDWD
%76'DWD)LOH5HSRUW
/-‡Èää
/…iʏ‡9œÕ‡
>˜‡-iiÊÀ>«…ˆVÃ
'DWH7LPH %DWWHU\,'6RXUFH5HJ3URG7\SH9
1RP9ROWDJH91RPFXUUHQW$1RP&D
3URJUDP',1,(&7HVWEHJLQ
&LUFXLW(9$77HVWHQG
6WHS 6WDWXV
;DQG<D[LVFDQEHDVVLJQHGWRHDFKGDWDVHWLQWKHV\VWHP
HLWKHUUHDOFDOFXODWHGRUVHOHFWHG
)UHHVFDOLQJDQGRIIVHWWLQJRI;DQG<D[LV
)DFLOLW\RIGLIIHUHQW<D[HV
=RRPIXQFWLRQE\VSHFLI\LQJDGHVLUHGDUHD
3RZHUIXOGDWDWUHDWPHQWIHDWXUHWRVHOHFWVLQJOHHYHQWV
OLNH'2'72&DFWXDOFDSDFLW\HWF
&KRLFHRIGLIIHUHQWWLPHEDVHVHLWKHUKPLQVHF
RUGHFLPDOKRXUVGHFLPDOPLQXWHVRUGHFLPDO
VHFRQGVHYHQLIGDWDZDVUHFRUGHGRQDGLIIHUHQW
WLPHEDVH
(UDVLQJRIIDOVHLUUHOHYDQWRUFRUUXSWHGGDWD
)XQFWLRQIRUVWDQGDUGJUDSKVOLNH
FDSDFLW\YHUVXVF\FOHV72&YHUVXVF\FOHV
'2'YHUVXVF\FOHVN:YHUVXVN:K5DJRQH'LDJUDP
SRLQWRIPD[LPXPSRZHUHWF
7LPH
'XUDWLRQ &\FOH 9ROWDJH &XUUHQW $K
>KKPPVV@ >KKPPVV@
>9@
>$@
>$
&+$
&+$
&+$
&+$
&+$
&+$
&+$
&+$
&+$
&+$
&+$
&+$
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
'&+
6HWXSPHQXIRUFXVWRPHUGHVLJQHGSORWVZLWK
QDPHORJRFRORUVEDFNJURXQGJULGFRPPHQWV
IRUPDWHWF
6HOHFWHGSULQWRXWHJE\F\FOHQXPEHU
IURPF\FOHWRF\FOH
IURPSURJUDPVWHSWRSURJUDPVWHSHWF
'DWDH[SRUWWRRWKHUJUDSKLFDQG
DQDO\VLVVRIWZDUH
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
/-‡ÈääÊ*
Ê-œvÌÜ>Ài
“ÃiVÊ>ÌÊxääʇÊÓ]x6
9%RDUG1HW
SDFLW\$K
6WHS :K6WHS $+$FFX
$K@
>:K@
>$K@
7KHSULQWRXWDQGJUDSKLFVSDFNDJHLVDQRWKHU
QROLPLWIHDWXUHRI%76$OOV\VWHPSDUD
PHWHUVFDQEHSORWWHGDJDLQVWHDFKRWKHU
'DWDFDQEHVKRZQDVWKH\DUHRUEHVHOHFWHG
E\DGDWDWUHDWPHQWIHDWXUHVKRZLQJRQO\
UHOHYDQWGDWD3HDNGDWDIURPDVWULQJRI
F\FOHVFDQEHVHOHFWHGIRUDQH[SUHVVLYH
OLIHF\FOHJUDSK=RRPLQJVFDOLQJDQG
RIIVHWWLQJDOORZVWKHDQDO\VLVRIFULWLFDO
FRQGLWLRQV'DWDIURPGLIIHUHQWEDWWHULHVFDQ
EHVKRZQRQRQHSORWWRPDNHFRPSDULVRQV
&OHDUO\DUUDQJHGUHSRUWVZLOOVXSSRUWWKH
JUDSKLFV'DWDFDQEHVHOHFWHGWRNHHS
SULQWRXWVVKRUWDQGLQIRUPDWLYH
WWWDIGATRONCOM
/-‡ÈääÊ*
Ê-œvÌÜ>Ài
ˆ}ÕÀiÊÎÈ7KHNH\WRPRGHUQDXWRPDWHGWHVWHTXLSPHQWLVWKHVRIWZDUHWKDWLVXVHGWRFRQWUROWKHWHVWFLUFXLWV
$VXPPDU\RIWKHQXPHURXV%76IHDWXUHVDUHOLVWHGLQWKHIROORZLQJ
/-‡Èää
/…iÊiÞÊi>ÌÕÀiÃʜvÊ>˜Ê1Ìˆ“>ÌiÊ/iÃÌÊ-ÞÃÌi“
i˜iÀ>
%DVHGRQ:LQGRZVRSHUDWLQJV\VWHP
2SHUDWLRQZLWKW\SLFDO:LQGRZV
FRPPDQGV
(DV\WRXVHHDV\WROHDUQ
1RVRIWZDUHNQRZOHGJHUHTXLUHG
/iÃÌÊ*Àœ}À>“Êi>ÌÕÀiÃ
3URJUDP/LEUDU\ZLWKXQOLPLWHGQXPEHURIWHVW
SURJUDPV
3RZHUIXOHGLWRUZLWKIXQFWLRQVOLNH
FRS\GHOHWHLQVHUWVKLIWOLQHVKLIW
EORFNVHWF
7RWDOIOH[LELOLW\WRVWUXFWXUHWKHHQWLUHSURJUDP
VFKHGXOH
'LIIHUHQW/LPLW&RQGLWLRQVPD\FDXVHGLIIHUHQW
DFWLRQVJURXSVRI/LPLW&RQGLWLRQVPD\FDXVH
RQHDFWLRQRUYLFHYHUVD
-XPSLQJE\ODEHOVJXDUDQWHHVWKDWWKHSURJUDP
DOZD\VMXPSVWRWKHGHWHUPLQHGSRVLWLRQ6LQFH
/LPLW&RQGLWLRQVFDQFDXVHDGGLWLRQDOSURJUDP
VWHSVVWHSQXPEHUVDUHQRWVXLWDEOHDVD
MXPSLQJDGGUHVV
6HOIH[SODQDWRU\VFUHHQV
3RSXSZLQGRZVUHIHUWRPHQXRIDOWHUQDWLYHV
+LJKO\IOH[LEOHSURJUDPVFKHGXOHZLWKQRSUHIL[HG
ILOOLQUHTXLUHPHQWV
7XWRULDOKHOSVFUHHQV
8SWRSURJUDPVWHSV
)UHHZRUGLQJIRUQDPHVKHDGHUV
ODEHOVHWF
,QGLYLGXDOGDWDVFUHHQDVVLJQPHQW
(DV\WRUHDGSURJUDPVFKHGXOH
ZLWKFRQVHFXWLYHSURJUDPVWHSV
VKRZQRQRQHVFUHHQDQGQRWRQO\
RQHVWHSSHUVFUHHQ
+RRNXSRIFRPSOHPHQWDU\
:LQGRZVVRIWZDUH
$OOZRUGLQJVDUHLQEDWWHU\WHUPVRU
PD\EHFXVWRPL]HG
1HWZRUNFDSDELOLW\
&KDUJHGLVFKDUJHSDUDPHWHUVFDQ
EHFRQVWDQWFXUUHQWFRQVWDQWYROWDJHFRQVWDQW
SRZHUDQGFRQVWDQWUHVLVWDQFHRUXVHUGHILQHG
0XOWLXVHUPXOWLWDVNLQJFDSDELOLW\
3HUSHWXDOVRIWZDUHXSGDWHDQGPDLQWHQDQFH
$OOSDUDPHWHUVPD\EHDVWKH\H[LVWRUGHILQHG
E\DQHTXDWLRQZLWKRWKHUV\VWHPSDUDPHWHUV
$YDLODEOHLQ(QJOLVK)UHQFKDQG*HUPDQ
5DPSIXQFWLRQ
/LPLWFRQGLWLRQVFDQEHEDVHGRQDOOSDUDPHWHUV
DYDLODEOHLQWKHV\VWHPHLWKHUIL[HGPHDVXUHG
PRQLWRUHGRUFDOFXODWHG
6DPSOLQJUDWHFDQEHEDVHGRQWKHVDPH
IHDWXUHVDVWKHOLPLWFRQGLWLRQV
&\FOHVPD\EHWHUPLQDWHGE\DSUHVHWQXPEHURU
E\DQ\RWKHUV\VWHPSDUDPHWHU
&\FOHLQF\FOHIXQFWLRQV
'\QDPLFVDPSOLQJUDWHDFFRUGLQJWRWKHF\FOH
QXPEHURUE\DFWLYDWLQJDVHSDUDWHPDFUR
/LPLW&RQGLWLRQVFDXVHVLQJOHRUPXOWLSOHDFWLRQV
-XPSLQJIRUZDUGVRUEDFNZDUGVWRDQ\RWKHU
VWHSODEHOVNLSSLQJRUUHSHDWLQJVWHSVILQLVKLQJ
SURJUDPKDOWLQJSURJUDPVHWWLQJH[WHUQDO
RXWSXWVFKDQJLQJVDPSOLQJUDWHFDOOLQJXSD
VXEURXWLQHHWF
/DEHOVVLPSOLI\SURJUDPPLQJEHFDXVHMXPSLQJ
DGGUHVVHVFDQEHIL[HGZLWKRXWWKHQHHGWRNQRZ
WKHILQDOVWHSQXPEHUVZKLFKPD\FKDQJH
)UHTXHQWO\XVHGWHVWVHTXHQFHVPD\EH
FRQGHQVHGWR3URFHGXUHV3URFHGXUHVFDQEH
LQGLYLGXDOO\QDPHGDQGDUHXVHGODWHULQWKH
SURJUDPDVDVLQJOHSURJUDPVWHSRQO\
6HYHUDO3URFHGXUHVPD\EHXVHGLQRQHWHVW
SURJUDP(YHQKXJHDQGFRPSOH[SURJUDPVDUH
UHGXFHGWRDIHZOLQHVDQGSUHVHQWHGFOHDUO\
DUUDQJHGRQRQHVFUHHQ
3URFHGXUHVDUHVWRUHGLQDVHSDUDWH3URFHGXUH
/LEUDU\XQGHUWKHLUJLYHQQDPH
$XWRPDWLFSUHVHWRIWHVWSDUDPHWHUVMXVWZLWKWKH
DLGRIWKHEDWWHU\LGHQWLILFDWLRQQXPEHU7KHWHVW
SURJUDPWDNHVDOOQHFHVVDU\LQIRUPDWLRQIURP
WKH%DWWHU\,GHQWLILFDWLRQ/LVWLHFDSDFLW\RUNJ
DFWLYHPDWHULDOWKHQFDOFXODWHVFXUUHQWYROWDJH
HWFE\WKHHTXDWLRQZULWWHQLQWKHSURJUDP
VFKHGXOH
3DUDOOHOUXQQLQJEDFNJURXQGSURJUDPIRU
WKHFRQWURORIDPELHQWEDWWHU\KDQGOLQJRU
FRQGLWLRQLQJHTXLSPHQW
&RPPHQWVUHPDUNVRQDQ\SURJUDPVWHSYLVLEOH
RUKLGGHQZLWKXQOLPLWHGVSDFH
0DQLSXODWLRQDQGDGMXVWPHQWVRQUXQQLQJ
SURJUDPVZLWKUHPDUNRQWKHUHSRUWJHQHUDWRU
&UHDWLRQRIFXVWRPHUPDGHIXQFWLRQVUDQJLQJ
IURPDVLPSOH´:DWHURQµIXQFWLRQWR´6SHFLDO
&KDUJHµGHSHQGLQJRQWKHEHKDYLRXURIFHOO
YROWDJHVFRPSHQVDWHGE\WHPSHUDWXUHYDOXHV
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
/-‡ÈääÊ*
Ê-œvÌÜ>Ài
>Ì>ÊVµÕˆÃˆÌˆœ˜
:LGHYDULHW\RIKLJKVSHHGSDUDOOHOORJJHUVRU
%DWWHU\,GHQWLILFDWLRQFDQEHQDPHGLQGLYLGXDOO\
VFDQQHUW\SHORJJHUV\VWHPVDYDLODEOH
&HQWUDOGDWDORJJHUV\VWHPZLWK+3,%LQWHUIDFH
RULQGLYLGXDOGDWDORJJHUV\VWHPZLWKV\VWHP
EXV
,QGLYLGXDOFRQILJXUDWLRQRIDOOGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQ
FKDQQHOV$OOGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQFKDQQHOVPD\EH
IUHHO\DVVLJQHGWRDQ\WHVWFLUFXLW
6SHFLDOGDWDDFTXLVLWLRQPHQXIRUVFDOLQJ
FRQYHUVLRQILOWHULQJUDQJLQJGHFLPDOSRLQWV
VHOHFWLRQRIHQJLQHHULQJXQLWVDOORFDWLRQRQGDWD
VFUHHQ
$OOGDWDFKDQQHOVPD\EHXVHGIRUFRPSDULVRQ
RISUHVHWYDOXHVDODUPVFRQWURORIRWKHU
SDUDPHWHUVOLPLWRUVDPSOLQJFRQGLWLRQVRUIRU
GLVSOD\RQO\
&RPSDWLELOLW\WR+HZOHWW3DFNDUGGDWDORJJHUV
7KHRULJLQDOWHVWVFKHGXOHLVDWWDFKHGWRDOO
GDWDILOHVLQFOXGLQJDOOSDUDPHWHUVFRQGLWLRQV
DQGSURILOHVDVZHOODVWKHFRPSOHWHKDUGZDUH
FRQILJXUDWLRQRIWKHWHVWFLUFXLWRQZKLFKWKHWHVW
ZDVH[HFXWHG&RQVHTXHQWO\WKHRULJLQDOWHVW
FRQGLWLRQVFDQDOZD\VEHWUDFHG
2QOLQHGDWDWUDQVIHUDQGFRQYHUVLRQWR/RWXV
([HO$6&,,RU'LD3&IRUPDW
'LUHFWGDWDH[FKDQJHWRRWKHU:LQGRZV
VRIWZDUH
3RZHUIXOIHDWXUHWRVHDUFKVHOHFWGHOHWHRUILOWHU
GDWD
>ÌÌiÀÞÊ>˜>}i“i˜Ì°
$VWULFWO\EDWWHU\UHODWHGV\VWHP%DWWHU\
,GHQWLILFDWLRQLVWKHNH\WRDOOHODWHGGDWDDQG
FRQWUROIXQFWLRQV
%DWWHU\,QGH[VKRZVUHFRUGVRIDOOEDWWHULHV
KDQGOHGE\WKHV\VWHPDVZHOODVIDFLOLWLHVIRU
FUHDWLQJVXEUHFRUGV
'DWDILOHVIRUDOOWHVWVHYHUFUHDWHGRQRQHEDWWHU\
DUHVWRUHGXQGHUWKH%DWWHU\,GHQWLILFDWLRQ
%DWWHU\,GHQWLILFDWLRQPD\EHXVHGIRUWHVW
SURJUDPSDUDPHWUL]DWLRQ
>Ì>ʈiÊ"À}>˜ˆâ>̈œ˜
%DWWHU\UHODWHGGDWDILOHPDQDJHPHQWLHDOO
GDWDZLOODXWRPDWLFDOO\EHDWWDFKHGWRWKHEDWWHU\
LGHQWLILFDWLRQ1RSHUVRQDOILOHRUJDQL]DWLRQ
UHTXLUHG
/iÃÌÊ
ˆÀVՈÌÊ>˜>}i“i˜Ì
7HVWFLUFXLWVLGHQWLI\WKHPVHOYHVWRWKHV\VWHP
%DWWHU\,GHQWLILFDWLRQUHFRUGVDOOWHVWVHYHU
H[HFXWHGZLWKWKLVEDWWHU\
7HVW&LUFXLWV,QGH[VKRZVDOOUHOHYDQWKDUGZDUH
IHDWXUHVRIWHVWFLUFXLWVHJFXUUHQWDQGYROWDJH
UDQJHQXPEHUDQGW\SHRIORJJHUFKDQQHOHWF
1RFRPSOLFDWHGVHOHFWLRQRULGHQWLILFDWLRQRXWRI
KXQGUHGVRIGDWDILOHVZLWKDUELWUDULO\JLYHQILOH
QDPHV
7HVWSURFHGXUHVZLWKFRQGLWLRQVRXWVLGHWKHWHVW
FLUFXLWOLPLWVZLOOEHUHIXVHG
WWWDIGATRONCOM
>À`Ü>ÀiÊi>ÌÕÀiÃ
7KH%76VRIWZDUHUXQVRQ3HQWLXPFRPSXWHUV
HTXLSSHGZLWK0%V\VWHPPHPRU\PLQ*%
KDUGGLVNZLWKµFRORUPRQLWRUDQG69*$JUDSKLFV
DGDSWHU*UDSKLFVRUUHSRUWVZLOOEHSULQWHGE\XVLQJ
:LQGRZVVSHFLILHGGULYHUV
$%76QHWZRUNDGDSWHULVUHTXLUHGIRUWKH
FRPPXQLFDWLRQWRWKHWHVWFLUFXLWV
7KHFRPPXQLFDWLRQOLQNXVHVWKH
56SURFHGXUHZLWKKLJKVSHHGWUDQVPLVVLRQRI
ESVRUWKH7&3,3SURWRFRO
7KHWHVWFLUFXLWVDUHHTXLSSHGZLWKDPLFURSURFHVVRU
SURJUDPPDEOHFRQWUROXQLWV3&8¶V7KH3&8
UHFHLYHVWKHGDWDIURPWKHKRVWFRPSXWHUDQG
FRQWUROVWKHWHVWFLUFXLWDFFRUGLQJWRWKHSURJUDP
VFKHGXOH7KHDFTXLUHGGDWDZLOOEHVHQWWRWKHKRVW
FRPSXWHU7KH3&8LVVHOIFRQWDLQHGLHWKH
SURJUDPHYHQUXQVZLWKRXWWKHKRVWFRPSXWHU
7KHWHVWFLUFXLWVDUHSURGXFHGLQ
DZLGHYDULHW\RIFXUUHQWDQGYROWDJH
UDQJHV7KHUHDUHVWDQGDUGPRGHOVIRUOLIHF\FOLQJ
DQGKLJKUDWHGLVFKDUJHWHVWV6HHWKHUHVSHFWLYH
GDWDVKHHWVIRUPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQRUFRQVXOW
'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVIRUDQ
LQGLYLGXDORIIHU
7KHIHDWXUHVGHVFULEHGLQWKLVEURFKXUHFRQYH\RQO\
WKHPRVWLPSRUWDQW
TXDOLWLHV7KHHDVHRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKLVEURFKXUH
ZRXOGEHDIIHFWHGLIDOOIHDWXUHVZHUHGHSLFWHG$OVR
%76DQG:LQGRZVDUHVXEMHFWWRFRQWLQXLQJ
HQKDQFHPHQWRIQHZIHDWXUHV'LJDWURQ)LULQJ
&LUFXLWVZHOFRPHWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRVXEPLWDGHPR
&'RUJLYHDQLQGLYLGXDOSUHVHQWDWLRQ
««i˜`ˆÝÊ£
Óä°Ê««i˜`ˆÝÊÊ
$'9$1&('$872027,9(%$77(5,(6$'9$17$*(6$1'',6$'9$17$*(6
/($'$&,'1,&.(/0(7$/+<'5,'(/,7+,80,21
66Ê,1/ÊÊ
Ê//,9
`Û>˜Ì>}iV
ˆÃ>`Û>˜Ì>}iÃ
/RZHVW&RVW
:HLJKWDQG9ROXPH
*RRGWRH[FHOOHQWSRZHUKLJKUDWHGLVFKDUJH
/LIHLQIHULRUWR1L/LEDVHGV\VWHPV
5HF\FOHDEOH
&KDUJHDFFHSWDQFH
3RZHUDWORZWHPSHUDWXUH
362&RSHUDWLRQSRRUF\FOHOLIH
3URYHQWHFKQRORJ\
)DLOXUHGLDJQRVWLFV
:LGHRSHUDWLRQDOWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJH
8QOLNHO\WRPHHW31*9+(9SHUIRUPDQFHWDUJHWV
0LQLPDOLQYHVWPHQWIRUQHZDSSOLFDWLRQV
5REXVWUHFKDUJH²LQGLYLGXDOFHOOYROWDJHFRQWUROQRWHVVHQWLDO
/RZLQWHUQDOLPSHGDQFH
5DSLGUHFKDUJHFDSDELOLW\
6DIHW\
6HDOHGQRQVSLOODEOH
9LEUDWLRQUHVLVWDQFH
*RRGVWDQGORVVFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
6 Ê Ê/Ê9,Ê//,9
`Û>˜Ì>}iÃ
ˆÃ>`Û>˜Ì>}iÃ
/LIHSHUIRUPDQFHDWERWKKLJKDQGORZ'2'
%DWWHU\PDQDJHPHQWPRGXOHFRQWURODQGGLDJQRVWLFV
3RZHUGHQVLW\
6DIHW\
&DOHQGDUOLIH
&ROGFUDQNLQJ
6SHFLILF(QHUJ\
&RVW
5HOLDELOLW\
/LPLWHGRSHUDWLRQDOWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJH
6SHFLILF3RZHU
2YHUFKDUJHFRQWURODQGDLUFRROLQJUHTXLUHG
*RRGSURVSHFWVWRPHHWSHUIRUPDQFHDQGFRVWWDUJHWVDVVHWE\31*9 3RZHUDWORZWHPSHUDWXUHFROGVWDUWUHTXLUHPHQW
86$%&
/LIHRYHUƒ&
(QHUJ\HIILFLHQF\
6HOIGLVFKDUJH
6 Ê/1Ê" Ê//,`Û>˜Ì>}iÃ
ˆÃ>`Û>˜Ì>}iÃ
&\FOHOLIH
/LPLWHGRSHUDWLRQDOWHPSHUDWXUHUDQJHƒ&²ƒ&
3RZHUGHQVLW\
&DOHQGDU/LIH
6SHFLILFHQHUJ\!1L0+
6DIHW\
6SHFLILFSRZHU!1L0+
5HOLDELOLW\
*RRGSURVSHFWVWRPHHWSHUIRUPDQFHDQGFRVWWDUJHWVDVVHWE\31*9 %DWWHU\PDQDJHPHQWFHOOFRQWURODQGGLDJQRVWLFV
86$%&
&RVW
2YHUFKDUJHFRQWURORQHDFKFHOODQGDFWLYHFRROLQJ
3RZHUDWORZWHPSHUDWXUHFROGVWDUWUHTXLUHPHQW
/LIHRYHUƒ&
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
œÃÃ>ÀÞʜvÊ/iÀ“Ã
Ó£°ÊœÃÃ>ÀÞʜvÊ/iÀ“ÃÊ
…
,
-
œ
1
,
6
Ɏ
6
*
6
-
-
-
-"
6
ˆ‡ˆœ˜
/
6
ˆ
"
*É,
* 6
,**-œ
-
-
-
-*
-œ
-16
1*
1-
1-
,
6*6,
7Ɏ7Ɏ7…
<6
WWWDIGATRONCOM
`Û>˜Vi`ÊÕ̜“œÌˆÛiÊ>ÌÌiÀÞÊ
œ˜viÀi˜ViÊ­>ÃÊ6i}>ÃÊiL°ÊÓää£ÊEÊiL°ÊÓääÓ®
ÌiÀ˜>̈˜}Ê
ÕÀÀi˜Ì
“«iÀiÊʜÕÀ
LÜÀ«ÌˆÛiʏ>ÃÃÊ>ÌÊ­Ãi«>À>̜ÀÊvœÀÊ6,ÊL>ÌÌiÀÞ®
`Û>˜Vi`Êi>`ÊVˆ`Ê>ÌÌiÀÞÊ
œ˜ÃœÀ̈ՓÊ
>ÌÌiÀÞÊ>˜>}i“i˜ÌÊ-ÞÃÌi“
>ˆvœÀ˜ˆ>ʈÀÊ,iÜÕÀViÃʜ>À`
œ“Lˆ˜i`Ê-Ì>ÀÌiÀʏÌiÀ˜>̜ÀÊ­Ã>“iÊ>ÃÊ-®
ˆÀiVÌÊ
ÕÀÀi˜Ì
œÕLiÊ>ÞiÀÊ
>«>VˆÌœÀ
i«Ì…Ê"vʈÃV…>À}i
/…iÊÕÀœ«i>˜Ê
œÕ˜VˆÊvœÀÊÕ̜“œÌˆÛiÊ,ÊEÊ
iVÌÀˆVÊ6i…ˆVi
>À>`Ɉœ>À>`
ÞLÀˆ`ʏiVÌÀˆVÊ6i…ˆVi
ˆ}…Ê*œÜiÀ
i>̈˜}]Ê6i˜Ìˆ>̈œ˜]ʈÀ‡
œ˜`ˆÌˆœ˜ˆ˜}
˜ÌiÀ˜>Ê
œ“LÕÃ̈œ˜Ê˜}ˆ˜i
˜ÌiÀ˜>̈œ˜>ÊiVÌÀœV…i“ˆV>Ê
œ““ˆÃȜ˜
˜Ìi}À>Ìi`ʜ̜ÀÊÃÈÃÌ
˜Ìi}À>Ìi`Ê-Ì>ÀÌiÀʏÌiÀ˜>̜ÀÊ­Ã>“iÊ>ÃÊ-®
˜Ìi}À>Ìi`Ê-Ì>ÀÌiÀʏÌiÀ˜>̜ÀÊ>“«iÀÊ­Ã>“iÊ>ÃÊ-®
˜Ìi}À>Ìi`Ê-Ì>ÀÌiÀÊi˜iÀ>̜ÀÊ­Ã>“iÊ>ÃÊ-®
˜ÌiÀ˜>̈œ˜>Ê-Ì>˜`>À`ÃÊ"À}>˜ˆÃ>̈œ˜
ˆ}…ÌʏiVÌÀˆVÊ6i…ˆVi
ˆÌ…ˆÕ“ʈœ˜ÊL>ÌÌiÀÞ
ˆVÀœw˜iʏ>ÃÃÊ-i«>À>̜ÀÊ­Ã>“iÊ>ÃÊ®
>ÃÃ>V…ÕÃiÌÌÃʘÃ̈ÌÕÌiʜvÊ/iV…˜œœ}Þ
iˆ}…LœÕÀ…œœ`ʏiVÌÀˆVÊ6i…ˆVi
ˆVŽiÊiÌ>ÊÞ`Àˆ`iÊL>ÌÌiÀÞ
"Àˆ}ˆ˜>ÊµÕˆ«“i˜Ì
*œÜiÀÊÃÈÃÌÉ,i}i˜iÀ>̈œ˜Ê…ÞLÀˆ`ÊiiVÌÀˆVÊÛi…ˆVi
*Àœ}À>“ÊvœÀÊ>Ê iÜÊi˜iÀ>̈œ˜ÊœvÊ6i…ˆViÃÊI
,i“œÌiÊÀi>Ê*œÜiÀÊ-Õ««Þ
*>À̈>Ê-Ì>ÌiÊ"vÊ
…>À}i
-Ì>ÀÌiÀʏÌiÀ˜>̜ÀÊ­Ã>“iÊ>ÃÊ
-®
-œVˆiÌÞʜvÊÕ̜“œÌˆÛiʘ}ˆ˜iiÀÃ
-Ì>À̈˜}]ʈ}…̈˜}]Ê}˜ˆÌˆœ˜
-Ì>À̈˜}]ʈ}…̈˜}]Ê}˜ˆÌˆœ˜]Ê*œÜiÀʘVˆ>ÀˆiÃ
-Ì>ÌiÊ"vÊ
…>À}i
-«œÀÌÃÊ1̈ˆÌÞÊ6i…ˆVi
1ÌÀ>ʈ}…Ê*œÜiÀ
1˜ˆÌi`Ê-Ì>ÌiÃÊ`Û>˜Vi`Ê>ÌÌiÀÞÊ
œ˜ÃœÀ̈Փ
1˜ˆÌi`Ê-Ì>ÌiÃÊ
œÕ˜VˆÊvœÀÊÕ̜“œÌˆÛiÊ,iÃi>ÀV…
6i…ˆViʏiVÌÀˆVÊ*œÜiÀÊ-Õ««Þ
6>ÛiÊ,i}Տ>Ìi`Êi>`ÊVˆ`ÊL>ÌÌiÀÞ
7>ÌÌÉʈœ7>ÌÌÉʈœ7>ÌÌʅœÕÀ
<iÀœÊ“ˆÃȜ˜Ê6i…ˆVi
,iviÀi˜ViÃ
ÓÓ°Ê,iviÀi˜ViÃ
>@0$QGHUPDQWK(XURSHDQ/HDG%DWWHU\&RQIHUHQFH
>@%DWWHULHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO2FWREHUS
5RPH6HSWHPEHU
>@$/$%&3URMHFW&)LQDO5HSRUWWK-DQXDU\
>@'3UHQJDPDQWK(XURSHDQ/HDG%DWWHU\&RQIHUHQFH
5RPH6HSWHPEHU
>@3DW0RVHOH\$OODQ&RRSHUWK$/$%&0HPEHUV
>@6$(9$XWRPRWLYH6\VWHPV&RQIHUHQFH&OHYHODQG
&RQWUDFWRUV&RQIHUHQFH0DUFK
2KLR-DQXDU\
>@%RE1HOVRQWK$/$%&0HPEHUV&RQWUDFWRUV
>@0HQDKHP$QGHUPDQ$GYDQFHG$XWRPRWLYH%DWWHULHV
&RQIHUHQFH0DUFK
$$%&/DV9HJDV)HEUXDU\
>@7KRPDV$.HLP$$%&/DV9HJDV)HEUXDU\
>@*XQWHU/XJHUW6LHPHQV9'2$XWRPRWLYH$*$$%&
/DV9HJDV)HEUXDU\
>@7RVKL\XNL6HNLPRUL7R\RWD0RWRU&RUSRUDWLRQ
$$%&/DV9HDV)HEUXDU\
>@-RKQ0LOOHU)RUG0RWRU&RPSDQ\$$%&/DV9HJDV
)HEUXDU\
>@'$-5DQG5:RRGV50'HOO%DWWHULHVIRU(OHFWULF
9HKLFOHVS
>@%DWWHULHV,QWHUQDWLRQDO$SULOS
>@'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVDUWLFOH´6LPSOHDQG
>@86$%&)UHHGRP&$59%DWWHU\7HVW0DQXDO$XJXVW
6RSKLVWLFDWHG&ULWHULDIRU&KRRVLQJWKH%HVWLQ%DWWHU\7HVW
6RIWZDUHµ
>@([LGH7HFKQRORJLHVWK(XURSHDQ/HDG%DWWHU\
>@$QGUHZ%XUNH8&'DYLV$$%&/DV9HJDV
&RQIHUHQFH5RPH6HSWHPEHU
)HEUXDU\
>@3DQDVRQLF%DWWHU\7HPSHUDWXUH&RPSDULVRQ
>@'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVEURFKXUH
%DWWHU\7HVW6\VWHP%76
>@-HIIUH\=DJURGQLN-RKQVRQ&RQWUROV,QF$$%&
/DV9HJDV)HEUXDU\
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
“«ÀiÃÃՓ
Óΰʓ«ÀiÃÃՓ
{Ó6Ê*œÜiÀÊ iÌ
)RUWKHNLQGVXSSRUWLQVXSSO\LQJJUDSKLFVDQGSKRWRJUDSKV
LVSXEOLVKHGE\'LJDWURQ)LULQJ&LUFXLWVDQGLVDYDLODEOH
RXUVSHFLDOWKDQNVWR
IUHHRIFKDUJHRQUHTXHVW
(PDLOWRˆ˜vœJˆ}>ÌÀœ˜°`i
‡ 'DLPOHU&KU\VOHU$*
7KHFRQWHQWVRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQDUHSURWHFWHGE\FRS\ULJKW
&RPPXQLFDWLRQV6WUDWHJ\0HUFHGHV%HQ]
1RXQDXWKRULVHGWUDQVODWLRQRUUHSURGXFWLRQLVSHUPLWWHGLQ
3DVVHQJHU&DUV
DQ\SDUWRIWKHZRUOG
‡ -RKQVRQ&RQWUROV,QF
9DUWD$XWRPRWLYH*PE+
$GYDQFHG6\VWHPV
*ÕLˆÃ…iÀ\
5ROI%HFNHUV
`ˆÌœÀˆ>Ê"vwVi\
7HPSHOKRIHU6WUDVVH
‡ +RQGD0RWRU(XURSH1RUWK*PE+
$DFKHQ
*HUPDQ\
7HO
)D[
(PDLOVDOHV#'LJDWURQGH
`ˆÌœÀ\
7RQ\6FKU|HU
Õ̅œÀ\
0LNH:HLJKDOO
‡ ([LGH7HFKQRORJLHV
À>«…ˆVÃ\
+DUWPXW0lO]HU
‡ /LWKLXP7HFKQRORJ\&RUS*$,$
‡ 5REHUW%RVFK*PE+
‡ *6%DWWHU\86$,QF
‡ -RKQVRQ&RQWUROV%DWWHULHQ
*PE+&R.*+RSSHFNH
>ޜÕÌÊ>˜`
*Àœ`ÕV̈œ˜\
&RQWH[W0HGLHQ*PE+
$DFKHQ*HUPDQ\
*Àœ`ÕV̈œ˜
>˜>}iÀ\
7LOO:DOWKHU
WWWDIGATRONCOM
7iLÈÌi
ÜÜÜ°ˆ}>ÌÀœ˜°Vœ“
ÜÜÜ°ˆÀˆ˜}‡
ˆÀVՈÌðVœ“Ê
WWWlRINGCIRCUITSCOM
*Àœ`ÕVÌÃ
Ê>ÌÌiÀÞʜÀ“>̈œ˜
6\VWHPIRU3ODWHDQG&RQWDLQHU)RUPDWLRQ
)RUPDWLRQ5HFWLILHU
5HJHQHUDWLYH7DFNOHVV
)RUPDWLRQ$FFHVVRLUHV
3URMHFWLQJDQG&RQVXOWLQJ
Ê>ÌÌiÀÞÊ/iÃ̈˜}
7HVW6\VWHPIRUDOO7\SHVRI%DWWHULHV
99HKLFOH6\VWHP7HVWLQJ
+LJK5DWH'LVFKDUJH7HVWLQJ
%DWWHU\6LPXODWLRQ
ÊÕiÊ
iÊ/iÃ̈˜}
6WDFN7HVW6\VWHP676
/RDG6LPXODWRU)&7XSWRN:
)XHO&HOO/RDG
3URMHFWLQJDQG&RQVXOWLQJ
Ê
Ê*ՏÃiÊ*ÀœwiÊ/iÃ̈˜}]Êi°}°
Ê-]Ê
]Ê1/-]°°°
+LJK6SHHG&KDUJH'LVFKDUJH&LUFXLWV
7HPS&KDPEHU,QWHUIDFH
6PDUW%DWWHU\,QWHUIDFH
)UHH3URJUDPPDEOH3XOVH3URILOH
WWWDIGATRONCOM