Educator`s Guidebook - Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum

Transcription

A Visit to Woodland
Cemetery and Arboretum
Educator’s Guidebook
A Visit to Woodland
Cemetery and Arboretum
Educator’s Guidebook
Written by Nancy Nerny with Sue Williams
The Woodland Arboretum Foundation greatly appreciates
the generosity of the following underwriters for this Educator’s Guidebook:
The Frank M. Tait Foundation
The Dayton Rotary Club Foundation
The Woodland Educator’s Guidebook
First published 2000
First published in the U.S.A. in 2000 by the Woodland Arboretum Foundation
Any part of this book may be copied.
Printed in the United States of America
Design by Bingenheimer Design Communications, Inc., Yellow Springs, Ohio
Printing by Process Printing Company, Inc., Springfield, Ohio
Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum
118 Woodland Avenue
Dayton, Ohio 45409-2892
For more information or copies of this book, call (937)228-3221, or visit
www.activedayton.com/community/groups/Woodland
ii
Acknowledgements
Author’s Acknowledgements
Special Thank-you
Many thanks to all these helpful people who,
either by their encouragement, photographs,
or information, have enabled me to complete
this adventure and, ultimately, help the
students of the Miami Valley understand their
past and present. I hope that our combined
efforts will stir in them a love for the land,
plants, animals, and people of this special
place on our Earth.
Special help was given by:
• Nancy Horlacher, Collections, DaytonMontgomery County Public Library
• Dr. Michael R.Sandy, Professor of
Geology, University of Dayton
• Jim Sandegen, Horticulturalist, Woodland
Cemetery & Arboretum, photographer
• Sue Williams, Past President,
Woodland Arboretum Foundation
• Gene Buckingham, Executive Director,
Woodland Cemetery & Arboretum
• Curt Dalton, author of many books on
Dayton’s history
• Mark Needles, Creative Concepts, Inc.,
creators of Woodland’s audio-cassette tour
• Evie Evers Kling, Past President of Board,
Woodland Arboretum, descendant of
Preserved Smith
• Tom Hissong, Education Director,
Aullwood Audubon Center & Farm
• Montgomery County Historical Society
• Stephen Brown, President of Board, Woodland Arboretum Foundation, architect
• William Bombeck
• Senator Rhine McLin
• Dayton Daily News
• Woodland Cemetery publications
• Donna Percy, author, and Jim O’Rourke,
illustrator of A Visit to Forest Lawn:
Educator’s Handbook
• TV Channel 16 WPTD
• Rick Wickersham, Dayton artist
This guidebook would not be part of the
educational heritage of Woodland without
the dedication of Sue Williams. As the first
President of The Woodland Arboretum
Foundation Board of Trustees, she saw the
need for a comprehensive book that would
help educators take advantage of this great
outdoor museum. We thank her for all her
vision, tenacity and for all the time she has
devoted to making this a successful book for
our community.
The Woodland Cemetery Association
of Dayton Board of Trustees
Robert Laing
Robert Berner
Robert Connelly
Jervis Janney
Sonja Kasch
President
The Woodland Arboretum
Foundation Board of Trustees
Stephen P. Brown
Evie Evers Kling
Susanne Weaver
R. Alan Baker, MD
Robert Berner
Susan A. Clift
Eileen O. Enabnit
Susan Sauer
LaVerne Kenon Sci
Sue Williams
Gene Buckingham
Andrew Bertsch
Teresa Moyer
Jim Sandegren
President
Past President
Vice President
Treasurer
Secretary
Past President
Executive Director
Director of Marketing
and Development
Marketing Services
Manager
Director of Arboretum
and Horticulture
iii
Dayton’s “rural” cemetery is now very close to downtown.
Limestone steps to Lookout Point, the highest point in the cemetery.
iv
Table of Contents
A Message to Teachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Seasons (photo page) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Time Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Animals (photo page) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Genealogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Biographies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Veterans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Gravestone Stories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Gravestone Stories (photo page) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Memorial Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Monument Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside back cover
2
A Message to Teachers
Welcome to
Woodland!
Boy and his dog
Cemeteries are located near places where
people live and they record the lives of those
who have gone before us. They are of
important historic and educational value. A
study of a cemetery can reveal a great deal
about the lives of people and the community
in which they lived. Woodland is open to all
people so it reflects the diversity of the City
of Dayton and its surrounding area. Some
of those interred in Woodland were born
in countries all over the world and immigrated to southwestern Ohio. The cemetery
accommodates the beliefs and practices of
the various cultural and religious backgrounds of the families it serves.
Woodland was created as a “rural”
cemetery, a new concept in the nineteenth
century to provide a beautiful and hygienic
setting for burial away from the densely
populated areas of Dayton. The land had
been farmed before being purchased in 1841
to create a rural cemetery. You will find that
Woodland Cemetery, even though surrounded by a bustling city, has retained its
rural atmosphere. The trees and shrubs have
attracted birds and other small wild creatures
which make their home here.
is intended to help you with background
information on each of the topics mentioned
in the table of contents as well as student
information for ages nine to adult. To help
you develop each topic further in the classroom or in the cemetery, we will include
online other worksheets and activities you
can do. They can be found on our Internet
website, www.activedayton.com/community/
groups/woodland. Feel free to copy or
download any teacher resource materials
made available by Woodland Cemetery. To be
the most beneficial, a field trip to Woodland
Cemetery should be combined with classroom
work both before and after the trip.
We hope you and your students gain
much knowledge and understanding about
both natural and human interactions from
the activities you choose. Please use Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum as a tool to
learning for and about the future.
A field trip to Woodland Cemetery will
give you an opportunity to teach the skills
of the Ohio Pupil Proficiency Tests at all
levels and in all subjects. You just need to
adapt the content to that skill (for example:
graphing the lifespans of people from the
To the Teacher
Not everyone has a place like this to take
their children. It excites children, provides a
natural learning environment, and charges
no admission fee. It provides information that
can be easily integrated into many subject
areas. You may bring students here for all
kinds of reasons and activities – rock study,
leaf collections, getting in touch with your
past, birdwatching, genealogy, architectural
drawing, noting death trends, or grave marker
rubbing – to name a few. This resource book
Stanley angel
3
dates on their gravestones). This content
is especially useful to teach the skills of the
scientific process. The Ohio Proficiency
science learning outcomes listed below
from the grades 4 and 6 tests especially
lend themselves to activities you can do
at Woodland. You may find others.
Grade 4 Science Learning Outcomes
•
Create and use categories to organize a set of
objects, organisms, or phenomena.
•
Use a simple key to distinguish between
objects.
•
Identify and/or describe the relationship
between human activity and the environment.
•
Identify evidence and show examples of
changes in the earth’s surface.
Grade 6 Science Learning Outcomes
•
Use a simple key to classify objects, organisms,
and/or phenomena.
•
Make inferences from observations of
phenomena and/or events.
•
Identify simple patterns in physical
phenomena.
•
Identify characteristics and/or patterns in
rocks and soil.
•
Analyze behaviors and/or activities that
positively or negatively influence human
health.
Fall foliage
Students at Woodland
Preparing for Your
Cemetery Tour
Before visiting the cemetery, it is important
to make some preparations:
1.
Remember that living, active families
have loved ones interred at Woodland
and they want the graves treated
respectfully. Noisy children may disturb
a grieving family. Discuss this with your
class both before and during your visit.
Also, the older markers and monuments
can be very fragile and can be easily
damaged. DO NOT allow students to
climb on or lean against any of them.
Despite our best efforts, the older, more
fragile ones, particularly, might break
loose from their foundations. These can
be very heavy, capable of causing severe
injury should they topple into a crowd.
2.
Make an appointment with the office
at (937) 228-3221. This is an active
cemetery and funerals still take place
here. If you arrive here without first
having made an appointment, the area
you wished to visit with your class may
not be available to you. Be aware of
4
special days at the cemetery and plan
around them. You might even wish to
lay a wreath with your students at the
gravesite of someone special to them.
3.
4.
5.
Make sure you have a map for each adult.
In addition to the map at the end of this
guide, others are available in the office.
You don’t want to get lost in Woodland.
It is a good idea to plan your route
before arriving with the students.
Woodland has a few volunteer docents,
and there are people you may know in
the community who can help you make
your plans or can accompany you. If you
wish to visit a particular grave that is not
on the map, you will need to contact the
office for directions before you arrive.
Students should dress for the weather.
In hilly areas sturdy footwear is important; and, if there has been rain recently,
the grounds may be soggy and slippery.
6.
If you intend to make monument
rubbings you may need to be careful
which monuments you can use. Some
of the older monuments and those made
of softer stone should not be used. You
will need to bring your own supplies.
Thin rag or medium weight rice paper,
masking tape, hard graphite or charcoal,
and spray fixative are recommended. Soft
pencil and kraft paper can also be used.
DO NOT USE CRAYON! Under no
circumstances attempt to enhance the
inscriptions in any way.
7.
If you are going to collect information
for genealogy, the office may be able to
provide an interment record and/or a
lot register (map of lot). There may be
a small fee. Call ahead so you will have
these when you arrive or have them
mailed.
8.
If you have enough adult leadership and
time, you could divide your class into
small groups with each group doing two
or more activities. THERE MUST BE
AN ADULT LEADER WITH EACH
SMALL GROUP. Discuss the respectful treatment of graves with the adult
leaders. They may not be prepared for
the rambunctious behavior of groups of
children when they are out-of-doors.
9.
There are areas in the cemetery where
you may picnic with your group but
check with the office to locate an area.
“Rural” cemeteries were originally
planned to be places where groups
could gather, relax, and perhaps picnic.
You do not need permission to take
photographs during your visit.
10. Have necessary materials; for example:
sketch pads, pencils, cameras, bags for
gathering nature, journals or notebooks,
materials for rubbings (NOT CRAYONS) if you need them, etc.
Students examining Paul Laurence Dunbar’s marker
5
History
Woodland History
Woodland Cemetery is:
•
an outdoor museum
•
a silent city of 105,000 people
•
a tribute to the stonecutter’s art
It is a great place for a variety of people with
a diversity of interests. People are found in
the cemetery walking, cycling, jogging,
sitting, eating lunch, birdwatching, looking
for names for their kids, studying history
and genealogy, and enjoying the beauty of
its architecture and stones.
From a hill in Woodland Cemetery –
the highest point in the city – Dayton’s
skyline far surpasses the dreams of John
Van Cleve, one of the city’s important
leaders and Woodland’s founder. By the
1840s, Dayton was outgrowing its original
cemetery at Third and Main Streets.
Dayton’s pioneer families faced the problem. The village was growing and a larger
and more suitable cemetery was needed,
preferably in some of the beautiful wooded
and rolling land with which Dayton was
surrounded. Selecting from thousands of
available acres, the original trustees, led by
John Van Cleve, chose 40 acres remarkable
for their hilltop views and their wide variety
of trees. Opening in 1843, it was for that
natural beauty that they chose to call it
Visitors to Woodland take a walking tour
Joggers
Lookout Point
“Woodland.” At that time those acres
seemed quite far from the center of the little
city. Little did they know that, in the
decades to come, Dayton would reach out to
Woodland and then surround it on all sides.
In those days Ohio was most popular
for settling because of the value of our farm
products. Southwestern Ohio had very good
farms and had the largest Ohio city, Cincinnati, with a population of over 100,000.
Dayton had about 20,000 people, one out of
every four being foreign-born, mainly Irish
and German, who had come to build the
Miami-Erie Canal in the 1850s. Half were
Ohio-born, with a few African-Americans.
Dayton was already becoming industrial
with the Barney & Smith Car Works, a
leading producer of railroad cars. Streets
were dirt, often mud, with wooden sidewalks. The Courthouse downtown was the
best building there. It was built in the 1840s.
In early times, many children died
before they were 10, women died in childbirth and epidemics often killed several
members of the same family. The cemetery
was a place to “talk” to the deceased while
honoring them with flowers. Family picnics
were commonplace in large, park-like cemeteries. The park-like cemetery remained
Birdwalk
Annual observance of the
anniversary of Paul Laurence
Dunbar’s death.
Old fashioned flower sale
The chapel at Woodland
6
History
Garden of the Soaring Spirit
popular until about World War I. By that
time, many diseases had been conquered
and early deaths of family members were
less common. Cemeteries were rarely visited
and often neglected.
Today Woodland’s 200 acres make
up one of the nation’s oldest “garden”
cemeteries. Its Romanesque gateway,
chapel and office, completed in 1887, are on
the National Register of Historic Buildings.
The chapel has one of the finest original
Tiffany windows in the country. 100,000
monuments, ranging from rugged boulders
to Greek statues and temples, note the lives
of people who helped to shape a young
nation and a young city. With more than
3,000 trees on its rolling hills, Woodland
is recognized as one of the area’s finest
arboretums. Many of its trees are more
than a century old. Having burial space
for many years to come, Woodland offers
several types of burial services. In the
Garden of the Soaring Spirit, lawn crypts
provide the advantage of a modern memorial
along with a smaller burial space.
Other parts of Woodland provide more
efficient use of the land, featuring cremation
and mausoleums. The beautiful architecture
of Woodland Mausoleum with its rock and
bronze face, has inside 15 varieties of
imported marble and 12 large stained glass
windows, inspired by famous literary works.
The crematory and columbarium (storage
for urns) in the building give families more
options for remembering their loved ones.
Woodland, being a private not-for-profit
cemetery, charges you for a burial space. Part
of the price pays for the single or multiple
grave lot, while the rest goes into a fund to
pay for the perpetual care of that lot, crypt
or niche. The perpetual care includes grass
cutting and keeping the grave lot neat. This
concern assures the highest level of perpetual
care for memorials and landscape, just as
John Van Cleve wanted it to back in 1841.
Rima, the Bird Girl located in the
mausoleum
The main mausoleum
Tiffany window
7
Seasons
Woodland Year ’Round
Spring
Summer
Fall
Memorial Day
Winter
Pond and the gatehouse in springtime
8
Time Line
Woodland Cemetery Time Line
LARRY BURGESS
Receiving vault
DAYTON & MONTGOMERY
COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
University of Dayton chapel
Orville and Wilbur Wright
1840
John Van Cleve initiates movement to establish rural cemetery.
1841
First organizational meeting of subscribers to new cemetery.
1843
Cemetery opened and lots offered for sale. Cemetery dedicated on June 21. First
interment in cemetery on July 9.
1844
Work begun on sexton’s house, roads, fences, etc.
1847
Receiving vault built as an Egyptian style temple in the theme of Thebes and
Karnak.
1848
Cholera epidemic, 225 burials.
1849
Plans for gateway, chapel, office. Stone fence for cemetery. First high school in
Dayton. Courthouse at Third and Main finished.
1850
Railroad comes to Dayton.
1851
James Hanna family and others removed from an old burying ground at northeast
corner of Third and Main.
1852
Samuel Forrer, an engineer, makes survey of cemetery grounds and lays out roads.
1861
Civil War (ended 1865). Dayton has 20,000 people.
1877
First well sunk. A steam pump raised water to a reservoir on the summit.
Telephone invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
1878
New residence built for cemetery superintendent. Old house used for office and
reception rooms.
1880
Dunbar publishes first book of poetry, Oak & Ivy.
1881
Boonshoft Museum of Discovery begins as Dayton Museum of Natural History.
1882
Carriages permitted in Woodland on Easter Sunday.
1884
Spanish-American War (April to August 1898).
1885
Pumping station built on Wyoming St. to pump water to summit.
1886
Plans for gateway, office and chapel buildings, using stone from the cemetery fence.
1903
First airplane flight by Wright Brothers.
1904
Window for north wall of Chapel installed by Heinegke & Bowen of N.Y. (Tiffany
Studios).
1908
35 acres of land purchased from University of Dayton. Tunnel built under Stewart
Street to connect it to main cemetery.
1909
Cemetery lot owners denied permission to drive automobiles inside cemetery.
1910
Automobile hearses allowed in cemetery. Cars and trucks purchased for cemetery
work. Rules prepared for autos in cemetery. Kettering invented electric ignition
for cars.
1912
Shelter house and iron gates completed at Waldo Street.
1913
Dayton flood. Fifty victims of flood interred during March.
9
Time Line
1913
U.S. entered World War I (ended 1918).
1914
Influenza epidemic.
1915
Stone vaults, first used, purchased from Portsmouth Stone Co.
1916
Dayton Daily News produces largest single-day paper in world.
1929
Stock market crash, the Depression begins.
1935
Wood box burials prohibited for adults.
1936
U.S. entered World War II (ended 1945). World War II manpower shortage.
400 sheep “employed” to keep grass “mowed.” Discontinued next year because of
“difficulty in controlling natural grazing habits.”
1950
Korean War (ended 1953).
1951
Pump house windows bricked and well filled, no longer used after City water
available.
1955
Kettering becomes a city.
1961
Acres south of Stewart Street opened for sale.
1965
Vietnam War (ended in 1973).
1968
Ground broken for mausoleum and crematory, completed in 1970.
1969
First cremation in new crematory. First moon walk.
1970
Bronze marker for Wright Brothers erected. “Avenue of flags” dedicated for all veterans.
1974
Xenia Tornado.
1976
Nation celebrates its 200th birthday; Woodland celebrates its 135th birthday.
1978
The big blizzard.
1979
Main office building, gates, and old chapel placed in National Register of Historic
Buildings.
1980
96-niche unit built at center of Lawn Crypt area with bronze “Soaring Spirit”
feature statue placed above it.
1981
Land exchanged between cemetery, State of Ohio (Mental Hospital grounds), and
UD, adding seven acres of land bounded by Wilmington Avenue and east line of
Dayton City Reservoir. Lake drained to remove mud and debris and repair banks.
1982
First computer purchased for cemetery.
1983
New park-like water stations installed.
1984
New uniform signage system designed and erected.
1985
Documentary video of Woodland produced.
1987
$1.2 million building and renovation project completed.
1991
Woodland Arboretum Foundation established; Woodland’s history book written;
Woodland celebrates 150th birthday.
1995
Inaugural Board of Trustees of Woodland Arboretum Foundation formed.
1998
Free audio tours offered by cemetery.
Garden of the Soaring Spirit
Many veterans lie at Woodland
10
Geology
The Geology of
Woodland
The wooded hill where Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum is located is part of a
large number of moraine deposits of
Wisconsinan age found in western Ohio.
These sedimentary deposits were left by ice
sheets, or glaciers, that once covered the
Miami Valley during the Pleistocene Era
and melted about 20,000 years ago. The
front edge of the huge glacier had pushed
down from Lake Erie and ended south of
here at Cincinnati. It took about 3,000 years
for the huge sheet of ice to melt, leaving
behind all the clay, sand, gravel, and boulders it had scooped up along its journey
south. In Woodland that glacial drift is
about 100 feet thick. (Fig. 1 and 2) Over
time rivers and streams have cut paths
through it and deposited sand and gravel
into deep valleys. Those deposits now are an
underground aquifer that holds the water
which supplies the City of Dayton with your
Fig. 1 Geological cross-section
of the hills in Woodland
Cemetery, Dayton
If you would like to
study samples of rocks
used for gravestones,
please ask at the Woodland office about the
samples donated by a
stone mason.
Fig. 3 Map of the drainage basin of the Great
Miami River and the location of the five dams
of the Miami Conservancy District: Englewood,
Germantown, Huffman, Lockington, and
Taylorsville. (From Becker and Nolan, 1988.)
Fig. 2 Geologic crosssection of the Miami
River valley showing
the form of the buried
river valley eroded into
Ordovician bedrock
and infilled with glacial
and alluvial sediments.
Location of Woodland
Cemetery is indicated by
arrows and letters WC.
11
Geology
drinking water. (Fig. 3) The boulders, or
“glacial erratics”, you can still see around the
Lookout and other places in the Cemetery,
were carried here by the glacial ice – some
from places as far away as Northern Canada.
Kinds of Rock Used in
Woodland Cemetery
It is important to look at the kinds of rock
used in cemetery monuments and what has
happened to change them over time. When
a rock is first chosen for a grave marker, it
has been quarried, or chopped, out of a
large layer of rock, either underground or
in a mountain. Then it is transported to
a stonemason who carves the rock’s shape
and texture as well as the person’s name
and information into the stone using chisels
and other equipment. Another change to
monuments is that of weathering, or erosion.
Wind, rain, and air pollution can change
their surface so that colors, textures, and
even lettering, are not recognizable.
In the nineteenth century, the rock
types used for gravestones were whatever
was available nearby. So a rock called
Dayton limestone was used often. The
Dayton limestone deposits originated about
430 million years ago as sediments accumulating at the bottom of a shallow sea which
covered much of Ohio during the Silurian
period of geological time. In the Montgomery
County area, the Dayton limestone (Fig. 1)
forms a distinct layer between 4 to 5 feet
thick. Where this limestone is covered by
only a few feet of soil, it is easy to find and
cut (quarry) the rock. Rock is quarried into
stone which can then be shaped or finished
for use as gravestones or building stones for
walls, chapels, or other structures. This
accounts for the location of many quarries
around the Dayton area. Another limestone
that has been used in the County for
1)
Mount Rushmore
Mahogany, South Dakota
2)
Minnesota Rainbow,
Morton Minnesota
3)
Diamond Pink, St. Cloud,
Minnesota; Rockville granite
and Rockville White,
Rockville, Minnesota
4)
Wausau Red granite,
Wausau, Wisconsin
5)
Salem Limestone,
Bloomington-Bedford,
Indiana
6)
Dayton Formation, and
Brassfield Formation,
Dayton area, Ohio
7)
Buena Vista sandstone,
Buena Vista, Ohio
8)
Sharon conglomerate,
Northeastern Ohio
9)
Barre granite, Barre, Vermont; Woobury Granite,
Woodbury, Vermont
10) Verde Antique, Rochester,
Vermont; Pavonazzo White,
Danby, Vermont
11) Quincy Granite, Quincy,
Massachusetts
12) Ebony Mist, Culpeper, Virginia
13) Tennessee marble, Knoxville
area, Tennessee
14) Salisbury Pink, Salisbury,
North Carolina
15) Georgia marble, Tate area,
Georgia
16) Diamond Pearl, Mason,
Texas
Figs. 4 and 5 Sources of some of the rock types
used in Woodland Cemetery and Mausoleum.
Dots may indicate more than one location.
building stone is the underlying Brassfield
limestone. It can usually be distinguished
from Dayton limestone by its pink to orange
color and its coarser, crystalline texture of
calcite and dolomite. If you would like to
study samples of rocks used for gravestones,
17) Blue Pearl granite, Larvik,
Norway
18) Brecha Lioz, Olhao, Portugal
19) Botticino, Lombardy, Italy
20) Italian Cremo and Cippolino
Vert Apoana, Carrara, Italy
21) Casino Rose, Vicenza, Italy
22) Roman travertine, Tivoli, Italy
23) Dolcetto Perlato, Sicily, Italy
12
Geology
please ask at the Woodland office about the
samples donated by a stone mason.
Large city cemeteries, especially during
and after the nineteenth century, have a large
variety of rock types (Figs. 4 and 5) because
it became easier to transport them by the
new turnpike, the great number of canals,
and the expanded railroads. The 1860s saw
mirror-smooth polished rock surfaces. You
may find many examples of such surfaces in
the Woodland Mausoleum, which features
15 varieties of imported marble. While
visiting there, you will also be astounded by
its 12 magnificent stained glass windows,
inspired by famous literary works.
The most common gravestone styles
are tablets, obelisks, blocks, and slabs.
Tablets are single vertical stones that are
2-4 inches thick and made of limestone,
marble, or sandstone. These stones, often
with a sculpted top, are placed directly in
the ground with no bases used, their
surfaces being cut but not polished.
Shaped like the Washington Monument,
obelisks, usually made of marble, are tall
and square in cross-section. It may be topped
Obelisk
Fig. 6 Geologic cross-section of the Miami Valley
with an urn, ball, or other figure, and may
have one or more bases. While most gravestones are lettered only on the front, obelisks
may show lettering on all sides.
Blo cks, which are square gravestones,
vary in size, may or may not have bases,
and generally show cut but not polished
surfaces. Made of a variety of stones, these
markers are used in the 20th century.
Slabs are the most common gravestone
used today. The are often made of granite
and are usually placed upright on a base.
While the front of a slab is polished, the sides
and sometimes the back are rough-hewn.
There are three different types of rocks:
igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic.
Sedimentary rocks are
formed from loose materials that were once part
of older rocks, plants, or
animals. Most of these
materials were left over 400 million years ago
as layers on an ocean floor that covered the
Miami Valley then. (Fig. 6) As time passed the
13
Geology
loose material was squeezed into solid rocks.
This rock layer comes to the surface in almost
all of southwest Ohio. All the rock layers
under Dayton as far down as people have
been able to dig are sedimentary. The
bedrock of Woodland,
the top layer of rock
under the soil, is the
Ordovician Limestone. It is a sedimentary rock that contains
fossils of small
creatures who lived in
that ancient ocean.
They look like the
Fossils of coral
crabs, snails, clams,
squids, and corals that live in the oceans
today. When these creatures died their
bodies fell to the ocean floor where they
accumulated and were covered by mud and
silt. After thousands of years of compaction, the mud, silt, shells, and skeletons
of the creatures buried turned to stone.
After many more years, the sea disappeared
and this stone became the limestone and
shale rock that lies beneath the soil and
glacial drifts that cover our land today. The
impressions of those animals are called
fossils. You can find good fossils in the
bedrock along roads, in streambeds, and in
building stone. Try finding some in the Old
Courthouse building at Third & Main
Streets or in the stepping stones at the
“Lookout,” the highest point in Woodland.
Igneous Deep within the
earth, there is hot melted
rock material called magma.
Igneous rocks form when
magma cools and becomes
solid. Lava is the name for magma that reaches
the surface as a liquid. When the liquid rock
cools and hardens slowly, mineral grains grow
large and crystals can then be seen. Many of
the monuments at Woodland are made of
granite, an igneous rock, because it is a hard
material that can withstand the erosion that
weather brings. The granite is cut from the
earth in other places and brought here to be
made into monuments. The exact composition of granite varies from place to place,
giving each kind of granite a distinctive color:
pink or red from feldspar or iron, gray or white
from calcium, and shiny glints from mica.
Metamorphic rocks are
“Canadian” rocks brought
here by glaciers. Metamorphic rock is igneous or
sedimentary rock that has
been changed by heat and/or pressure. This
changes the way it looks and sometimes its
hardness. When they are heated, or squeezed
by movements deep inside the earth’s crust,
new minerals grow inside the rocks. Geologists estimate how much a rock has been
changed by studying the new minerals
that have formed. For example, limestone
becomes marble and shale becomes slate.
Some metamorphic rocks are used to make
stone monuments, markers, sculptures, and
buildings because they are so hard and resist
the weather. The metamorphic and igneous
rocks found in southwestern Ohio are
“Canadian” rocks brought here by glaciers
more than 20,000 years ago. The ice picked
up soil and rocks and delivered it to this area
as the ice sheet moved south. When the ice
melted, the soil and rocks were laid down or
deposited in Woodland. The large boulders
are glacial erratics.
Paul Laurence Dunbar granite
marker
Lookout Point
Erma Bombeck quartzite
boulder
14
Geology Activities
Geology Activities
1.
Can you match the
symbol to the rock?
Drakes Formation
Osgood Shale
Dayton Formation
(Dayton Limestone)
Glacial Drift
Brassfield Formation
(Brassfield Limestone)
1.
2.
2.
Define bedrock. What kind of rock is
limestone: igneous, sedimentary, or
metamorphic? What kind of rock is
granite? What kind of rock is marble?
3.
After studying limestone, find a marble
monument and study it carefully. A
magnifying glass again would help.
4.
If you can identify the kinds of stones in
various structures, take note of how
they have withstood the weather. What
kind of rock would you choose for a
monument? What is the difference
between rock and stone?
5.
A streak plate brought from the science
lab school would help you to identify
the minerals in small rocks you find
lying on the ground. DO NOT use a
streak plate on any kind of marker or
monument.
6.
Across the road from the main mausoleum (E12 on map), you will find a
15-ton boulder measuring 6 feet wide
and standing 5 feet 3 inches tall marking
the burial place of columnist Erma
Bombeck. If you look closely at this
quartzite, you will see thousands of
3.
4.
5.
As you examine the many markers,
monuments, sculptures, mausoleums,
the gates, office, and chapel, examine
the stones carefully. Note their color.
A magnifying glass or hand lens may
help you to see the mineral grains and
crystals. Sometimes they take on a
football shape because there was great
pressure on them as they formed.
Usually they are best seen when wet. If
it is not raining, bring a pail so you can
splash water on the stones. You might
see the coral fossils in the Dayton
Limestone used to build the chapel.
individual quartz grains. Is quartzite
igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic
rock? The stone was lifted off the
property of one of Bombeck’s neighbors
and brought to Woodland on a flat bed
truck. Her husband, Bill Bombeck, said
he wanted a piece of Phoenix at her
grave to remind him of the 25 years
they spent together there in Arizona.
Feel the rock and imagine it in Arizona.
7.
In Woodland (R7 on map), you will
find a smaller boulder of granite with
pink veins. This was also brought here
from far away in honor of the great
African-American poet, Paul Laurence
Dunbar. It was probably moved by a
glacier and exposed when the glacier
melted. Look closely at the veins with
your hand lens. Feel the rock and
imagine it being moved by ice very,
very slowly. Is granite igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock?
8.
Creative writing: Pretend you are the
boulder on the Dunbar lot. Write your
autobiography. How did you get to the
top of the hill? Where were you in the
glacier? Were you always that size?
What was your life like? Did children
ever play on you? What did they do to
you to move you to Woodland? What
was your trip like? What is your life
like now in the cemetery? Have you met
any of your neighboring rocks? Does
anyone come to visit you? How do you
feel about your new life at Woodland?
Answer key: 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
Symbols for
Rocks
15
Animals
Animals at Woodland
Hawk
Mallards
Turtles
Canada geese
Canada geese
16
Animals
The Animals of Woodland
Mammals
Eastern Cottontail Rabbit
You will have to look really hard to spot this rabbit. Its brownish gray body, long ears, short
cottony-white tail, and rusty neck patch usually camouflages it quite well. It likes to live
in brushy areas with ground burrows and holes to hide from predators and shelter from
bad weather. The female has two to five litters each year with about five babies in each. The
shallow ground nest is lined with dried grasses, then with fur from her body. You may see
the rabbits in early morning or early evening munching on their favorite plants – clover,
dandelion, dried grasses, or the bark of baby trees or bushes. Good luck finding them!
Eastern Gray Squirrel
Of the four tree squirrels in Ohio – fox, gray, red, and flying – the Eastern Gray Squirrel
is the kind you will most often see at Woodland. It is gray with a whitish belly and a bushy
tail. A young squirrel matures slowly, beginning to eat green food, bark, and other solids at
about seven weeks old. When it gets older, it does not remember where it buried its nuts
and acorns in the fall, but instead relies on a keen sense of smell to locate them in winter.
Those nuts never found may sprout and grow into trees. As you walk the Cemetery, look up
to find the leaf nests built of twigs and leaves by a squirrel. They are one or two feet across
with an inside hole five inches deep. Did you find any?
Opossum
An adult opossum, America’s only marsupial, is about the size of a large house cat, with
thin, grayish fur, a long, naked scaly tail, naked ears, and a pink nose at the tip of a long
pointed snout. Its pouch holds babies until they can leave their mother at about three months
of age. Being an omnivore, it eats everything. It usually lives in a brush pile or tree hole
near water, coming out to feed mostly at night. When threatened, the opossum may bare
its teeth and hiss loudly. More often, it will roll over and “play ‘possum,’ ” falling into a state
of shock which looks like death, recovering when danger has passed. Keep on the lookout
for signs of opossum – footprints, feathers, tree holes, and droppings.
Raccoon
This medium-sized woodland mammal with gray-black fur, known as the “bandit animal,”
is easily recognized by its black face mask and the alternating rings of black and yellowishwhite on its bushy tail. It loves to live in the large, hollow trees in the Cemetery. It likes
living with other raccoons, and, since it does not hibernate, endures winter by napping for
long periods of time. Feeding mostly at night, this omnivore eats almost anything. It can
crush hard foods such as acorns and shellfish with its large molars. Although it looks for its
food in water, and sometimes dunks it before eating, it eats much of its food unwashed, just
as it is found. Check out the trees for raccoon habitat.
17
Animals
Striped Skunk
Most people run from this omnivore, which is about the size of a house cat with short legs
and a small head. Its hair is long and black, with a broad white patch on the head and shoulders.
It is known for its scent glands located at the base of the tail. When threatened, the skunk
can squirt the musk from these glands up to 15 feet, carrying its stinging odor through the
air, offending your nose, hurting your eyes. His den may be in a ground burrow or beneath
a boulder, rock pile, woodpile or abandoned building, near water. Few predators will attack
the Striped Skunk, except the Great Horned Owl or humans in automobiles. Since it does
not hibernate, you may be able to see it any time of the year – from afar, of course.
Woodchuck
Also called a groundhog, this member of the squirrel family has grayish brown fur. He loves
digging in the loose soil of the cemetery, burrowing in brush near water. His burrow, rarely a
single tunnel, usually is forked, with more than one entrance and several side passages from one
to 12 feet long. If you find one hole near a cemetery tree, be sure to look around for another, his
back door! The woodchuck hibernates in winter, rolling up into a ball, slowing his breathing and
pulse. Awakening, he seeks a mate. Four to five newborns are born at one time, appearing naked,
pink, and helpless. They grow up quickly eating their favorite foods – grasses. You may have
seen a groundhog standing upright looking around for danger. If he finds something wrong,
he will make a very loud whistle to warn others, which has given him the name, “whistlepig.”
Mole
This small mouse-like mammal has soft, velvety gray fur that helps him slide easily beneath
the earth. He lacks eyes, ears, and a neck, but has a sensitive nose and tail covered with hairs that
feel vibrations and help him find food. His front feet have long claws for breaking apart the dirt.
They are flat like shovels and turned sideways. While digging he can move fast – 12 to 15 feet
per hour. He pushes the soil behind him and out of his underground burrow with his hind legs
making a pile, a molehill, that you may see while walking the cemetery. Look too for evidence
of his tunnels pushing up the grass. He does all this to find his favorite food – earthworms. He
eats up to half his body weight of earthworms, insects, and grubs every day. Do you eat half your
body weight of food every day? His digging fluffs up the soil allowing more air and water in to
help our plants grow. After about four years, his teeth wear down to nothing from eating so
much and he dies from starvation, adding the nutrients in his body to the soil that gave him life.
Eastern Chipmunk
You may have seen this little reddish brown furry mammal scurrying across your path. He
has white and black stripes on his back and a long, furry tail. His cheek pouches extend from
his striped face to the back of his head. He eats seeds, grain, nuts, birds’ eggs, and insects,
but especially favors corn and sunflower seeds. He constructs complicated burrows more
than 10 feet long with one or more hidden entrances. Inside you will find storage chambers
to hold his winter food supply. He keeps his sleeping area spotlessly clean with shells, husks,
and feces put away into refuse tunnels. Do you keep your room that neat? He stays in his
burrows until spring, mates in March, and has a litter of three to five babies who mature by
July. Foxes, hawks, weasels, and sometimes domestic cats, are looking for him as their lunch.
Have you heard his sounds from the cemetery’s trees – a loud “chip” and a rapid trill?
18
Animals
Big Brown Bat
Of the 940 bat species in the world, there are three in Ohio. The big brown bat is a medium
sized species that is five inches long with a wingspread of 12 inches. His fur is oily in texture
and a rusty brown color. His wing membranes are almost black and have a leathery texture.
He builds a roost in the spring and summer behind the loose bark of trees or in cavities of
trees. He emerges early in the evening to feed among the trees on bees, beetles, flies, and
other flying insects. He usually follows a regular route from one treetop to another and back
again. You can also see him at night in the cemetery flying along the street lights catching
insects attracted to the lights. Bats mate in the fall, then give birth to two young during the
summer. Those reach adult size two months after birth. Hopefully, they will survive without
being eaten by their enemies, the great horned owl and the black snake. Bats do not carry
rabies, contrary to general opinion, but are more valuable to the environment by consuming
huge quantities of flying insects.
Meadow Mouse
The meadow mouse or vole lives among the grasses of the cemetery floor. Its brownish
five-inch body matches the color of dead leaves and twigs, so it is easily camouflaged. It is
a small short-eared, short-tailed rodent who loves running through the thick grass along
two-inch wide runways using its keen senses to detect the approach of predators. Since it is
food for mammals as well as for hawks and owls, it has a lot to be careful of. It goes out to
feed itself both in daylight and at night, using its two large front teeth to chew grass, hay,
and grains. Sometimes it uses a mole’s tunnels to eat roots. Can you see any signs of a
meadow vole in the cemetery?
Birds
Crow
This large black bird can be seen all year long at Woodland. A crow has a heavy bill and is a
relative of the blue jay. It likes to hang around open fields looking for food, and around trees
where it nests and roosts. It is nearly as large as a red-tailed hawk, but flies with more and
steadier wingbeats. A crow’s wings spread up to three feet across. It loves to eat corn, insects,
dead animals, bird eggs, young birds, small mammals, and fruits from bushes. Look for
them flying in flocks with other crows in late summer, roosting together at night, then
flying over a large area of land looking for food during the day.
Canada Goose
You will see many Canada Geese around Woodland’s pond during the Spring and Summer.
You may even see a female or two sitting on her four or five eggs in a nest during March or
April. They take about 26 days to hatch. Her wingspan is about 48 inches across. You can
recognize a Canada Goose by its long black neck and head, with bright white cheek patches.
Its back and wings are gray-brown, and its sides and breast are light gray. Bill, legs, feet, tail,
and rump are black, while its belly is white. It likes to browse around the pond grazing on
the grasses there, but is often seen dipping its long neck underwater to eat the roots and
stems of the marsh plants. Look for its tail sticking up alone in the pond!
19
Animals
Cardinal
The cardinal, our state bird, is common here all year long. The male is brilliant red with
black face marks and a crested head. A female is more brownish red, so she cannot be easily
seen by other animals when she is sitting on her eggs in her nest. She alone incubates the
eggs while the male brings her food. He cares for the babies for three weeks after they
leave the next while she brings up another brood. Her wingspan is 11 inches. You can find
cardinals living in the woods, near brush piles, and at the edge of the forest eating seeds,
a food their cone-shaped beaks are made for crushing.
Mourning Dove
You may have heard the mourning dove many times in your own backyard, named for its
sad call, “Coo-oo-oo, coo.” It is related to the pigeon, but smaller and having a pointed
tail instead of a fan-shaped one. It is grayish brown, with white feathers in its tail. Males
have a bluish gray crown and faint pink on the breast; females are brown on both crown
and breast. Its wingspan is 18 inches. A mourning dove nests in trees or bushes, coming
down to eat weed seeds. Look for them along the cemetery roadsides, picking and scratching
for grit that helps them grind food in their gizzards.
Mallard
The mallard ducks in our cemetery pond eat invertebrates and plants, especially mosquito
larvae. The adult male is the more colorful. Though his body is generally grayish brown,
he has a chestnut breast, a white abdomen, a greenish black head and throat, with a white
collar encircling his neck. When the sun shines, his head glimmers with a more metallic
green. The adult female has back feathers that are dark brown edged in tan, underparts
that are tan with dark brown spots. The male’s bill is greenish yellow, while the female’s is
orange mottled with black. Both have orange legs with webbed toes for better moving in
the water. They usually build a down-filled nest near a pond or lake from which eight to 10
young are hatched. Take a look at our pond to see what signs of mallards you may find.
American Robin
This familiar backyard bird is in the thrush family. He is seen everywhere feeding on the
cemetery grounds. The male robin is olive-gray, with black on the top and sides of his
head. His chin and throat are white with black streaks, while his underparts are reddish
orange. The colors of the female are duller. Old legends say that once a robin was flying
in a forest that caught fire. In trying to put out the fire to save other forest animals, he
swooped down a little too close. So today we see the reflection of that fire still on his
breast. He usually is seen standing or running on the ground searching for insects and
earthworms. He builds his nest in the crotch of a tree, of thick grass and reeds plastered
inside with mud and lined with grasses. If you’re lucky you’ll find a clutch of four or five
beautiful greenish blue eggs in it in the spring.
20
Animals
Blue Jay
This noisy bird belongs to the jay family, which includes crows and ravens. He is about
12 inches long, having a blue crest atop his head with a black collar and necklace below.
His upperparts are grayish blue; his wings and tail are a brighter blue marked with black
and white. He chooses a spot in the tree to construct his nest of twigs, bark, and leaves.
After he lines it with soft root hairs, he hopes to find a female to lay four or five greenish
blue, brown-spotted eggs in it. You’ll find him around the large shade trees in the cemetery.
He hunts for food, eating nuts (acorns), seeds, small amphibians, insects, worms, and
sometimes the eggs and young of other birds.
Great Horned Owl
One of the largest and most quiet birds in Woodland Cemetery is the great horned owl.
They are twice the size of the crows that often harass them. The females are larger and
the same color as the male. His back wings and tail are mottled and barred with dark brown
and tan feathers. He has a white throat with his chest barred with black and white. His ear
tufts or “horns” give him his name. His real ears are lower on the side of his head. He loves
wooded parks, nesting in trees in February. Owls are the earliest birds to nest, incubating
parents often becoming snow-covered. They feed on mammals (from mice to small dogs),
birds (including other owls), reptiles, and fish – even skunks, whose smell often sticks to an
owl’s feathers.
Common Nighthawk
If you listen carefully on a night in the city, you will hear this unique bird flying high over
the streets and rooftops. Its hollow booming sound is produced by the wings as this bird
pulls out of a steep dive while chasing flying insects. He may have a flat head and small bill,
but he has an enormous mouth with surrounding bristles, ideally suited for aerial capture
of insects. He catches mosquitoes, flying ants, and other insects. He has long pointed wings
and a slightly forked tail, enabling him to swoop and curve quickly. His white wing bars help
you notice him in the night sky. Nighthawks build no nests. Instead, they lay their two eggs
on gravel rooftops in the city. If you’d like to sound like a nighthawk, hold your nose and say
“peent.” That’s a nighthawk’s sound as it dives to get bugs.
Common Grackle
You have probably seen many of these birds in your own yard, or flying around in large
flocks swooping up and down in parks. These blackbirds have a green or purple metallic
shine to their black body feathers. Females are a bit smaller than the males, but are the same
color. Look for their bulky nests in trees or large bushes, even on bridge structures. They
are made of grass, twigs, reeds, and mud, lined with finer materials like root hairs and
spider webs. The four to seven eggs inside are pale brown in color with dark marks on
them. Listen for it as it harshly calls “chaack!” You will find it on the ground mostly,
feeding on insects, seeds, grains, minnows, small crayfish, rodents, and small birds.
21
Woodland’s Trees
The Trees of
Woodland
Woodland Cemetery is an important
segment of our urban forest. It has 3,000
trees of 200 different species. The cemetery’s
horticultural department plants about 100
new trees each spring to restore those are
lost each year to lightning, drought, and
other problems. So there is much to study
here. Because it is a collection of woody
plants and trees for educational and
scientific study, we also call it an arboretum.
Trees and forests are very important to
our city’s scenic beauty and quality of life.
There used to be so many trees in Ohio that
a squirrel could travel by tree from one end
of the state to the other without touching
the ground. They give us shade, wildlife
habitat, clean air, clean water, jobs, wood,
fall colors, spring blossoms, and inspire us
to write verses and sing. In the forest, while
trees live for only a short time, a few grow
for hundreds of years and get really huge.
Those that do grow well and do so because
they resist disease, adapt to weather well as
they grow, and defend themselves against
insects and other animals successfully.
These factors and a little luck have allowed
some trees to grow to enormous sizes.
In the year
2000, there are
six confirmed
“Ohio Big Tree
Champions” on
the grounds, so
named because
they are the
largest specimen of record
in Ohio at this
time. How do
European Larch
we know their
size and age? We cannot cut a tree down,
take a slice of it, count its annual rings and
find out its age. But we can measure its size.
Three measurements are needed to compare
any tree with other “Big Trees” in Ohio:
These are the circumference, the height,
and the average crown spread. The circumference, the distance around a tree’s trunk,
is recorded in inches at four feet above the
ground with a tape measure. (One point for
every inch) The height of a tree is measured
from the ground level to the highest point
of it. Estimates can be made by comparing
the tree to an object of known height, such
as a five-foot tall person. (One point for
every foot) Two measurements need to be
taken of the ground area below the tree’s
spreading crown for the average crown
spread. Measure the number of feet at the
widest point of the crown spread, adding
it to the one at the narrowest point, then
divide the total by two. (1/4 point for
every foot) See the sample on page 22.
Tree Facts
• The tallest Big Tree
in Ohio is the Yellow
Poplar in Belmont
County, 164 ft. high.
• The Big Tree with the
largest circumference
in Ohio is the Sycamore
in Ashland Co. at 582 ft.
• Cemeteries have
the most Ohio State
Champion Big Trees.
• The average shade
tree releases 13 pounds
of oxygen each year.
Enough oxygen to
keep a family of four
breathing.
Red Buckeye
Sycamore Maple leaf
European Larch
22
Woodland’s Trees Activities
Activities
If you have a big tree in your yard or
Sample
schoolyard, why not measure it to
Circumference
find out its points for a Big Tree
Height
75 ft. =
75 points
score? Maybe it’s bigger than those
Avg. Spread
36 ft. =
9 points
in Woodland Cemetery!
109 in. = 109 points
193 total points
Here are the points for Woodland’s Big Tree Champions:
Species
Circumference
Height
Crown Spread
Cemetery Map
Calculated Points
European Larch
88
60
42
T14
159
Eastern Redbud
98
24
30
N2
130
Sycamore Maple
99
59
32
V9
166
Swiss Stone Pine
42
46
15
B12
92
Birdnest Spruce
80
24
28
E12
111
Red Buckeye
46
26
26
R17
79
Umbrella Magnolia
Leaf cluster
Close-up of branch
Leaf width
Leaf length
23
Trees
Identifying Trees
at Woodland
Trees are the best-known plants. They are
easiest to identify by their leaves. Another
way we identify trees is by their shape which
you can identify best from a distance. A tree
is a woody plant with a single erect stem
growing to ten feet or more in height.
This area has two major groups of
trees: needle-leafed trees (conifers) and
broad-leafed trees (most are deciduous –
that is, they loose their leaves in autumn),
although some of the leaves (like the willow)
are narrow. Other trees, like maples, have
broad leaves.
One group of broad-leaved trees has
simple leaves – leaves with a single,
flattened blade. Other trees have compound
leaves where each blade is divided into a
number of leaflets with no bud at their base.
When you find a tree you do not know,
first decide if it is a needle-leaf or broad-leaf
type. If the leaf is broad-leaved, you next
decide if the leaf is simple (not divided into
leaflets). Simple leaves have edges that are
smooth, toothed, lobed and toothed (fruit an
acorn), or lobed and toothed (fruit not an acorn).
If the tree has compound leaves, each leaf
is divided into a number of leaflets. The
leaflets can be arranged feather-like or
arranged finger-like coming from the
same place on the stem.
I. Conifers
The first group of trees is the conifers with
needle-like, scaly, or fan-shaped leaves. They
do not have flowers but bear their seeds in
cones, thus the name conifer (sometimes called
gymnosperms). Group I.A., I.B., I.C.
I.A. Needle leaves
Pines are the most
common conifers.
They have long
needles which grow
White Pine
two to five in a
cluster. Their cones are large and well
formed. Some common pines in western
Ohio are the white pine, the pitch pine, and
the red pine. Austrian pines are among the
pines found in Woodland. Pines have
needles in a cluster.
Spruces have needles
that are four-sided,
nearly square in cross
section. The cones
always hang down.
Engelmann Spruce
Spruces grow straight
and tall, tapering to a point. The branches
are horizontal, sometimes hanging down.
The blue spruce is often planted for its
beauty. Wildlife eat the needles and twigs;
and birds feed on the small winged seeds.
Norway Spruce are among the spruce trees
found in Woodland.
Larches (or
Tamaracks) shed
their needles in the
fall, unlike most
Larch
conifers. They have
slender, dark needles about an inch long that
grow in tufts of a dozen or more at the end
of small branches. The small, scaly cones
are upright.
24
Trees
Fir trees are also
common and have
flattened or grooved
needles. The needles
White Fir
are blunt tipped and
leave circular scars when they drop off.
The cones are upright and long. Fragrant
balsam branches have been used by campers to make soft beds in the woods. White
firs are found in Woodland.
Hemlocks have bark
that is rich in tannin,
used to tan leather.
Short, flat needles are
Hemlocks
on small stalks in two
flattened rows. The needles are darker above
and silver-lined below.
Bald Cypresses, like
the larch, shed their
leaves in the fall. The
leaves are flattened, soft,
light green, and feathery, resembling the
Bald Cypress
hemlock. The fruit is
a small, dark, rounded cone. They do not
grow in the wild in southwestern Ohio.
I.C. Fan-shaped leaves
Ginkgos have fan-
shaped leaves with a
deep cleft at the tip. The
ginkgo is a gymnosperm.
Unlike other gymnoGingko
sperm trees, the ginkgo
has broad fan-shaped leaves like the fronds of
a fern. Sometimes they are called maiden hair
trees. It is one of our earliest trees and since
ancient times has grown about the temples of
China. Millions of years ago there were many
kinds of ginkgoes but now there is only one.
The seeds are enclosed in cones with hard
scales. There are female and male ginkgo
trees. In order to produce seeds for reproduction, there must be both kinds of ginkgo trees.
II. Broad Leaf Trees
The other groups of trees (sometimes called
angiosperms) have broad, rather than needlelike leaves and have flowers that develop into
seeds which are surrounded by fruits.
II.A. Simple broad leaves,
not divided into leaflets
Groups A.1., A.2., A.3., A.4.
I.B. Scaly leaves
Junipers have small,
blunt, scaly leaves
growing close to the
twig. The modified
Junipers
cone resembles a blue
“berry” which are food for some birds and
other small wildlife. Small junipers, shaped
like a shrub, are planted for their beauty
and never grow to be a “tree.”
Cedars resemble
Red Cedar
junipers but have
small brownish
cones.
A.1. Edges of leaves neither
toothed nor lobed
Catalpas have tall,
straight trunks and slender
branches. The bark is
easily identified since it is
thick, a reddish-brown and
cracks into flat scaly ridges.
Catalpa
The leaves are heartshaped, short, and pointed. The fruit grows
in long, slim pods, which change from green
to brown and remain on the trees all winter.
25
Trees
Redbuds are favorite small
ornamental trees that bloom
a mass of dark pink in early
spring. The pale green, beanlike pods that follow the flowRedbud
ers become purple in late summer. The deep brown bark is smooth on young
trees, furrowed on older ones. Heart-shaped
leaves are two to five inches long, dark green
and smooth on the upper surface, pale and often
hairy beneath. They turn bright yellow in fall.
A.2. Edges of leaves toothed
Willows have thin,
narrow leaves and
Weeping Willow
usually are found
where the soil is moist. Weeping willows
have long, limp twigs which hang down.
Willows can grow in the smoke and dirt of
cities. They can be grown from stem cuttings.
Elms are excellent
shade trees, and once,
many elm trees grew
in Dayton before the
American Elm
Dutch Elm disease
killed them. The vase-shaped form and the
spreading, open branches make them easy to
identify at a distance. The leaf has an
uneven base and double teeth.
Beeches are easily
identified in winter by the
smooth, steel gray bark of
the trunk. The buds are
American Beech
long and pointed and the
leaves are paper-thin with big veins. The
fruit, a triangular nut, is eaten by mammals
and birds, especially pigeons.
Wild Black Cherries grow
40 to 80 feet tall, spreading
with age. The leaves are thick,
narrow, tapering, and shiny
green. In late May or June its
Wild Black Cherry clusters of white flowers give
way to fruit, which become tart and black by the
time they ripen. Songbirds like to eat them.
White Birches or
Paper Birches are easily
White Birch
Paper Birch
identified by the loosely
peeling, glistening white
bark. The bark was used
to make canoes, baskets,
and trays. The leaves are
oval, two to four inches
long, irregularly toothed,
and darker above.
Lindens sometimes called
“basswoods,” are forest
trees with a rounded top
formed by numerous
slender branches. The
Linden
leaves are three to six
inches long, thick, veiny, and unevenly heart
shaped. Greenish-yellow flowers yield an
excellent honey. The flowers perfume the air
on warm June nights. Children often call the
greenish-brown fruits “monkey nuts.”
A.3. Edges usually lobed and
toothed; fruit an acorn
White Oaks have smaller
acorns that are held in a
shallow cup singly or in
White Oak
groups of two or three.
The lobes of the leaf are rounded. The leaf is
four to nine inches long, the upper surface is
yellow green with a lighter surface beneath. The
bark is light gray and scaly.
Red Oaks have large
acorns, straighter
branches and a pinkishRed Oak
gray inner bark. The
leaves are four to nine inches long with five to 11
triangular lobes pointing upwards. The leaves are
dull green on the upper surface, paler and smooth
beneath. The smooth bark of the trunk cracks
into shallow flat ridges as the tree gets older.
26
Trees
A.4. Edges lobed, or toothed and
lobed; fruit not an acorn
Silver Maples have large,
Silver Maple
Sugar Maple
deeply cut and indented
leaves that are pale green
above and whitish below.
The fruits (called helicopters
by kids) fall in early summer.
The leaves turn a dull yellow
in fall. Sugar maple leaves
have straight-sided lobes,
have large but few teeth, and
turn rich yellow, orange, or
scarlet in fall. The fruit
ripens in late summer.
Japanese Maples are little
trees with small colorful
Japanese Maple leaves.
II.B. Compound broad-leaves,
divided into leaflets
This type of tree also has broad rather than needlelike leaves and has flowers that develop into seeds
which may be surrounded by fruit. But the leaves
are divided into leaflets. Groups B.1., B.2.
B.1. Feather-like
Honey Locusts are
easiest to identify by the
great thorns on the bark
of the twigs. The leaves
are composed of many
small leaflets arranged
Honey Locust
like a feather. The flat,
reddish-brown seed pods grow about a foot
long and contain hard seeds and a sweet,
sticky pulp. Scientists have developed a
variety of different locust trees that do not
have the seed pods which can be messy.
Sunburst Locusts have new leaves that
are a yellow-green which almost resemble
a flower and has no seed pods.
Moraine Locusts grow tall but the small
leaves allow the grass to grow under the
tree. The small leaves do not need to be
removed in the fall. It has no seed pods.
B.2. Finger-like
Horsechestnuts
have leaflets arranged
finger-like, seeming to
come from the same
place on the branch. The
flowers are large clusters
of white blossoms with
Horsechestnut
red or yellow spots. The
large nuts, which fall as the spiny husks open,
are attractive to see but are bitter and not to
be eaten, as anyone who has been tempted by
them can tell. In the autumn the tree reveals
a leaf scar – similar to a horseshoe.
Yellow Buckeyes have leaflets arranged
finger-like. The shells covering the nuts are
smooth, and are bitter and inedible. Additional varieties in Woodland are the Red
Buckeye and the Painted Buckeye.
Tree Activity
Ask your students to use the above
identification clues to name each of
10 trees tagged in the grove behind
the chapel. Directions and answers
are available in the nearby cemetery
office.
27
Death
Death: A Part Of Life
“To every thing there is a season… A time to
be born, and a time to die…”
– Ecclesiastes 3:1-2.
There is a beginning and an ending for all
things that are alive. The time in between is
living. For there to be a lifetime, there must
be a beginning and an ending.
Every living thing, including a human
being, has a lifetime. An animal lifetime
includes a birth, life, and death.
When death occurs, several things
happen. The heart stops beating, and blood
stops flowing to the brain. When the brain
no longer receives nourishment from the
blood, it stops functioning. The body stops
functioning without messages from the
brain. This process is called dying. A dead
body is called a corpse.
Death can be caused by many things.
Sometimes, when a person grows very old,
their body gradually wears out until it can
no longer continue living. This is called
the aging process. Death can be caused
by major illnesses. (The illnesses which
usually cause death are cancer, heart attacks,
strokes, and pneumonia). Many deaths in
old people are caused by influenza. Death
can be caused by an accident like a car
crash. Death can be caused by a disaster.
Natural disasters include earthquakes,
hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods. People
can cause disasters like explosions, fires,
and wars. Deaths can be caused by physical
assaults like murders. We cannot know exactly
what it is like to die until it happens to us.
Death is natural and eventually happens
to everyone. The part of people that feels
pain no longer works when we die. The
earth has only so much space. When people
die, they make room for the people who are
being born. Imagine how crowded the world
would be if no one ever died. We would
soon run out of resources. Death often
frees very old or very sick people from
pain, problems, and losses.
The realization that people have only
a limited amount of time on earth often
causes them to value the time they have.
They want to use their time wisely. This
makes them happier and helps them accomplish more with the time they do have.
Because people do not know what it is like
to die, sometimes they are afraid because
they think death will be lonely or painful.
When people are about to die, they
may go through a series of stages.
Stage One is Denial where they
refuse to accept that they are dying.
Stage Two is Anger because they often
feel angry that they are dying when others
will continue to live.
During Stage Three, Bargaining,
people try to bargain with whatever force
they think has control over life and death.
They might promise God to live
better lives if they are allowed to
continue living.
Stage Four is Depression
when they feel sad about the
people they will no longer be with and the
things they will no longer be able to do.
Stage Five is Acceptance when people
accept that they are dying and prepare for
death. Throughout all the stages, most
people remain hopeful that something
will happen to save them or that a cure
will be discovered.
28
Death
What happens to the human body after
death? Some people choose to be organ
donors. Doctors remove the body parts
that are donated and put them into the
bodies of people who have body parts that
need to be replaced. Some people want
their bodies to be embalmed. After death,
the blood is drained from the body and
replaced with an embalming fluid which
will slow down the decaying processes.
The embalmed body is then buried,
entombed, or used for medical research.
After death, the body is put in a casket
which is buried in a grave that has a grave
liner to prevent the ground from caving
in on the casket. Most graves are in graveyards or cemeteries. A tombstone or
grave marker made of stone or metal is
usually placed on top of the grave to name
whose body is buried there.
Sometimes the casket is placed in a
crypt (a vault or special chamber) which is
in a mausoleum (an above-ground building
that holds caskets). A mausoleum can be for
an individual, family, or community.
Some people want their bodies to be
cremated. The body is taken to a crematorium in a casket where it is cremated. The
body in the casket is placed in the cremation
chamber where, with heat and evaporation,
the body is reduced to bone fragments
called cremated remains. Sometimes they
are called “ashes” although they are not like
ashes left by a fire. The “cremains” can be
placed in a grave or crypt, be scattered, or
placed in a container called an urn.
What happens to the human spirit
after death? The spirit is everything about a
person except his or her body. The spirit is a
person’s personality, feelings, and thoughts.
The spirit is sometimes called the soul.
When the body dies, some people believe
the spirit no longer exists. Others believe
when the body dies, the spirit goes to a place
of punishment or reward. Where the spirit
goes, some believe, depends upon choices
they made and the things they did while
they were alive. Some people believe the
spirit reincarnates and becomes a part of
other living things such as animals, people,
or plants.
How do you prepare yourself for death?
No matter how old a person is, there are
things that can be done to prepare for death.
Those who are prepared seem to handle
dying better than those who are not. Make
sure all your questions about death are
answered. You may find your answers by
talking to people, reading books and
articles, watching movies and T.V. shows
that deal with death, and thinking about
answers to your questions.
Many people write a will telling what
they want done with their possessions after
they die. A will can include instructions for
what should be done with their body and
what kind of funeral or memorial service
they would like. They make sure others
know where their will is kept.
Some things we cannot know. We do
not know the exact time a person is going to
die. We do not know why some people live
to be very old and others die young. We do
not know why some “bad” people live long
lives while “good” people sometimes die
tragic deaths.
We know these things to be true about
death. Death is a natural thing. Just as every
living thing has a beginning, every living
thing dies. Death is a necessary part of
nature’s plan to make room for new life.
29
Death Activities
Death Activities
1. What can you do to make your life more meaningful?
Epitaphs Found on
Markers in Woodland
Here lies a man
Of great intelligence.
He knew what he ought to do,
But never did commence.
– northern Ohio cemetery
2. If you were going to write a will, what things do you value enough to put in your will?
a zealous locksmith dyed of late
And did arrive at heaven gate,
He stood without and would
not knocke Because he meant
to picke the locke.
– Old English cemetery
3. What makes you happy?
4. What fills you with wonder?
5. If you could write your own epitaph, what would it say? Remember, it can be funny.
Beneath this stone, a lump of
clay Lies Uncle Peter Daniels
Who too early in the month of
May Took off his winter
flannels.
– New England cemetery
Our father and mother are
gone. They lay beneath the sod.
Dear parents, though we miss
you much, We know you rest
with God.
– Woodland Cemetery,
Thomas Jeffrey monument
6. How would you like others to remember you?
And all I ask is a merry yarn
From a laughing fellow rover,
And quiet sleep and a sweet
dream When the long
trek’s over.
– Woodland Cemetery,
Bohachek monument
7. What can you do to improve the quality of your life?
30
Genealogy
Genealogy and
Woodland
Genealogy is the study of family histories.
In many places in Woodland people have
purchased family lots so many members of
the family can be buried together. Some of
the paper records of births and deaths in the
early days of Dayton have been lost or never
existed. However, records carved in stone
last for hundreds of years. From the information on the markers you can create a kinship
chart. It’s a way to arrange the family
members and record their relationships.
First, let’s look at a way to record your
own “Family Tree.” This chart uses lines
with the youngest (you) on the left. These
are also called lineage charts. So when you
move across the chart from the left to the
right, you are moving back in time. Under
each person’s name is a place to record their
birthday, place of birth, sometimes baptism
place and date, marriage place, date, and
spouse’s name, divorce, other marriage(s)
and divorces, death date, place of death, date
and place of burial.
Below you will see a Lineage Chart with
directions explaining just where everyone’s
name and birth place go. The following page
is a blank Lineage Chart so you can copy
it and write the names of your own family
members on the lines. If you don’t know
some names, you can make up names or call
them John or Jane Doe, one way to say “I
don’t know” often used in public records.
Some people become so interested in
their own genealogy that they spend a
lifetime tracing ancestors. If you are interested, there are many books in the library
about genealogy to give you aid in making
such a chart. They list places to look for
information about your family.
Our purpose here in making a Lineage
Chart is to learn some family terms like a
great-grandmother and see how she is
related to her great-grandchildren. This
may help you to understand some of the
families buried in family lots at Woodland.
The Burial Record sheet that follows
gives you a place to record the information
available while you are at the cemetery. You
could choose a family and have each person
do a marker for one member of the family.
Later the Burial Record sheets can be used
to give you the information you need to
construct a Kinship Chart.
GREAT-GRANDPARENTS
Sample lineage chart
YOUR GRANDPARENTS
Father’s Father
YOUR PARENTS
Father’s name
Bd
Bd
Bp
Father’s Father’s Mother
Bd
Bp
Father’s Mother’s Father
Bd
Bp
Bp
Father’s Mother’s Mother
Bp
Father’s Mother
Bd
YOU
Bd
Bp
Mother’s Father’s Father
Bd
Bp
Your Name
Bd
Bp
Mother’s Father
Bd
Mother’s name
Bd
Bp
Mother’s Father’s Mother
Bd
Bp
Mother’s Mother’s Father
Bd
Bp
Bp
Mother’s Mother’s Mother
Bd
Bp
Bp
Mother’s Mother
Bd= Birth date
Bp= Birth place
Bd
Father’s Father’s Father
Bd
Bp
Lineage Chart
32
Genealogy
Burial Record
Name of Deceased
Son/Daughter of
Spouse of
Parent of
Place of Death
Date of Death
Place of Birth
Date of Birth
Age at Death
Date of Burial
Place of Burial
*Lot Number
*Section Number
*Grave Number
*Owner of Lot/Grave
Monument Style
Memorial Symbol
Monument Inscription
*Remarks from Interment Record
On the back of this sheet or on another sheet of paper, make a sketch of the monument and/or the marker.
* Indicates information found on the Interment Record of the cemetery which may be available in the Woodland office.
Recorded by:
Name
Address
School
Date
33
Genealogy
Kinship Charts
Kinship Charts show brothers and sisters,
aunts and uncles, as well as parents and
children. They also record additional
marriages. Years ago many people did not live
as long as most people do today. Until recent
times, people often had many children and
some died at an early age. When a man or
woman lost a spouse in death, they often
married again. Sometimes they had more
children, making a Kinship Chart even more
complicated and interesting.
To make a Kinship Chart you first need
to know a few simple symbols: female – circle
(or oval), male – square (or rectangle), a line
connecting a male and female next to each
other indicates marriage, a vertical line shows
parents and children. Each generation is on a
different level with the oldest on the top.
Below is a sample Kinship Chart of the
imaginary “Smith Family.” The real Smith
family of Dayton fame can be traced back to
England. Its most famous Dayton member,
Preserved Smith, Jr., is buried here. Learn
about him, then study the family’s kinship
chart as shared by his living relative, Evie
Evers Kling. You may even be inspired to
write your own family’s history or construct
your own family’s kinship chart.
Some people prefer to begin on a
chalkboard or big sheet of kraft paper.
Whatever you use, you will probably need
to rearrange your work to make everything
fit. It is easier to write the information and
then put the square (or rectangle) or circle
around the information. Some names are
very long and you may run out of room if
you draw the symbol first. If you use different
symbols, make sure that you have a key to
explain your work. Use the Burial Record
sheets for information you would like to put
on your chart. Later, you can recopy your
work in a more permanent way.
Preserved Smith, Jr. (1820-1887)
The wind was howling and gusty outside.
The thin hatch door that sealed the passengers from the pounding waves splashing over
the sailing ship bumped and shook, letting
water in overhead. The ship rocked to and
fro through the storm as it made its passage
from England to Boston, New England, in
1637. Below deck the passengers huddled
awaiting the calm of the violent seas. Henry
Smith comforted his new wife, Dorothy
Smith, as she was with child. On the voyage
they had encountered many terrifying storms
and expected to be lost at sea, having the wild
waves smash the ship’s wooden rafters to bits.
That night Dorothy gave birth to a beautiful
Can you tell how these folks are akin to each other?
James Smith
B 1-15-1903
D 3-17-1958
Jane Jones
B 3-27-’05
D
M 6-3-1927
Elizabeth
B 2-21-’29
D 4-24-’30
Joseph
B 8-11-’32
D
M 6-14-1956
Smith family kinship chart
John
B 6-27-’57
D
Mary Dean
B 7-2-’31
D
William
B 8-3-’60
D
34
Genealogy
Preserved Smith monument
Lucy Richards
Mayo Smith
1817-1894
Belle Mitchell
Smith
1850-1906
Eleanore
Smith
1880-1906
baby boy. The next morning the night gave
way to a calm sea and sunny skies. The
weather overjoyed the couple, giving them
hope that they would survive the voyage.
They named their new son, Preserved Smith
– feeling grateful they all had been preserved
by God’s grace from the dangers of shipwreck
on their long journey.
Since then the name, Preserved Smith,
has been repeated frequently in generations.
His son, born in 1679, and a later descendant,
born in 1789, were blessed with that name.
Preserved Smith, Jr., was born in 1820 in
Warwick, Massachusetts. He moved from
there to Troy, Ohio, in 1839 where he
established a grocery store with his brother,
Royal. They joined with other Troy businessmen to build a large hotel there. To bring
customers to his business, he and others
organized the Dayton & Michigan Railroad
to run from Dayton to Troy. He moved to
Dayton in 1855 so he could spend more time
developing the railroad which finally stretched
all the way up to Lake Erie. In 1864 Preserved
Walter
Whitmore
Smith
1850-1896
Gerard Smith
1885-1906
George Wells
Drury Smith
1852-1854
Eleanor
McIlwaine
Carr
1950-1995
Lewis Francis
Carr
1891-1972
bought Caleb Parker’s share of the company,
Barney, Parker & Co. of Dayton that manufactured railroad cars. It became Barney,
Smith & Co., and then Barney & Smith
Manufacturing Co., with Preserved as vice
president. The company made sleeping,
passenger, freight, and trolley cars. During
the depressions of 1857 and 1873, many
people were unemployed – had no job and,
therefore, no money for food and clothing.
But as of 1868, Preserved’s company
employed 476 people, and had factory
buildings that covered 10 acres of ground.
Preserved Smith, Jr., was a highly
respected businessman who saved the D. &
M. Railroad, the Barney & Smith Mfg. Co.,
and the jobs of many Daytonians during the
depression times. He died in Dayton in 1887
and is buried in Woodland Cemetery, leaving
behind five children. What a legacy!
Preserved
Smith
1820-1887
Dorothy
Shoup Carr
1895-1988
Walter Smith
Carr
1869-1952
Martin Adrian
Evers, Jr.
1916-1991
Preserved Smith family kinship chart
of those buried at Woodland
Sylvester
Helicus Carr
1850-1920
Fannie Childs
Smith Carr
1857-1942
Eva
Ohlson
Evers
Alexander
Gebhart Reed
1885-1934
Frances
Reed Evers
1917-1992
Lucy Carr
Reed
1885-1960
Alexander
Gebhart
Reed, Jr.
1914-1937
35
Biographies
Two famous brothers, Wilbur in 1867, and
Orville in 1871, were born to Susan and
Milton Wright. Their younger sister came
along later. You may see all of their gravestones in a family group at Woodland. The
Wright brothers became interested in a
“self-propelling toy” brought home by their
father to “relieve their boredom.” The boys
were voracious readers, reading every book
on flight or machines available. They were
also serious observers, questioning and
testing how things around them worked.
They made simple mechanical toys, and in
1888 they built a large printing press that
they used to publish the West Side News in
Dayton. Already successful printers, the
brothers opened a bicycle repair shop in
1892. In that shop on West Third Street,
they worked with tires, wheels, and air pumps,
and dreamed that man could fly in a heavierthan-air machine. They tested the effects of
air pressure on more than 200 wing surfaces
using the first wind tunnel. Through their
own research, they learned scientific facts
and developed theories of flying. Their
invention of aileron control, helped them in
1903 to build and fly the first power-driven,
man-carrying controllable airplane. They
Daniel C. Cooper (1778 – 1818)
Daniel C. Cooper, more than any other
person, deserves to be called the founder of
Dayton. He was a surveyor acting under
orders from Gen. Arthur St. Clair, governor
of the Northwest Territory; Gen. Jonathan
Dayton; Gen. James Wilkinson; and Col.
Israel Ludlow. He led a surveying party to
the mouth of the Mad River. Here he laid out
the city with broad streets “four poles wide”
and built most of its early mills, naming it
after General Dayton with streets named
after the other three. Can you find those
streets on a map of downtown Dayton?
Cooper served as Dayton’s first justice of the
peace and as a member of the state legislature.
He also donated ground for a cemetery,
churches, and schools as well as for the
present Cooper Park next to the downtown
branch of the Dayton-Montgomery Public
Library. He strained himself while moving
a church bell, leading to his death in 1818.
Orville Wright
DAYTON & MONTGOMERY COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
The Wright Brothers
(1867 – 1912, 1871 – 1948)
chose the windiest place, Kitty Hawk, NC,
and made their machine (750 lbs.) stand up
under the wind and stay in the air for 59
seconds. They continued on to set new
distance and altitude records for flight.
Wilbur died of typhoid fever in 1912, while
Orville lived on until 1948. As scientists
they had uncovered the secret of flight.
As inventors, builders, and flyers, they
brought aviation to the world.
Wilbur Wright
Woodlands’
Famous People
Daniel C. Cooper
36
Biographies
Benjamin Van Cleve (1773 – 1821)
Benjamin Van Cleve
Benjamin Van Cleve came to Dayton from
Cincinnati as a young man to be its first
school teacher. Van Cleve School is named
after him. For two years he kept a diary of
things he observed in the early settling of
Dayton. This is the only written record of its
kind we have. He loved books and learning,
hence he wrote the textbooks used to open
the first Dayton school in 1799. It was held
over several months, the schoolmaster
reserving time to gather his corn and time to
go to Cincinnati to meet with the House of
Representatives of the territorial legislature.
It was open from 9 until noon, then from 2 to
6 p.m. Parents were to pay $2 per month for
each pupil. In summers he farmed, in winters
he taught school. For many years after,
Dayton was never without a school. In 1803
he was appointed as Dayton’s postmaster. He
also helped set up the Dayton Public Library.
Charles F. Kettering (1876 – 1958)
Charles Kettering
Colonel Edward Deeds
Charles F. Kettering was born in a small
town near Dayton. At 28 he came to Dayton
from college to take a job at the National
Cash Register Co. In five years, he did much
to help NCR’s development. Then, along
with Edward Deeds, he formed the Dayton
Engineering Laboratories Co. (DELCO).
Kettering and Deeds had been doing some
experimenting with a single-spark auto
ignition in Deeds’ barn. Out of the
laboratory came the first electric self-starter
and an all-electric ignition system eliminating
hand-cranking a car to start it. Kettering
was friends with other inventors such as
Thomas Edison (light bulb, phonograph)
and Henry Ford (first mass-produced cars).
Ford put Kettering’s discovery into his early
Fords. Kettering’s example led hundreds of
research men on to daily scientific discoveries. In his earlier research, he also developed
the independent electric generator that
brought power and light to thousands of
farms everywhere.
Col. Edward A. Deeds (1874 – 1960)
Col. Edward A. Deeds worked as an engineer at NCR for years and formed a partnership with Charles F. Kettering. They and
other inventors met as “The Barn Gang” in
Deeds’ barn to develop new ideas. They
electrified the cash register and formed
DELCO. In addition to his work in research
and development, he had a keen sense of
responsibility to his community. As organizer of the Miami Conservancy District,
he did much to bring flood prevention to
Dayton after the disastrous flood of 1913.
Deeds’ Carillon Bells and Carillon Park
were given to Dayton through the generosity of Colonel and Mrs. Deeds. His is the
largest private mausoleum on the grounds
of Woodland Cemetery.
37
Biographies
John H. Patterson (1844 – 1922)
Born in 1921 in Illinois, C.J. McLin was the
son of hard-working African American parents
trying to survive the Depression. When they
moved to Dayton in 1931, he took a job as a
paper boy as a way to put food on the family
table. While going to Dunbar High School,
he helped in the family funeral home business.
He suffered racial discrimination early in life,
being denied food service at the lunch
counter in McCrory’s dime store near 4th &
Main Streets, downtown. He filed a lawsuit
demanding his civil rights. Soon after, he
received notice that he must go into the Army.
During his three years of service, he noticed
and experienced discrimination against Black
soldiers. He organized and participated in
many protests to obtain rights both in the
military and later in political life. His father
had taught him how important funerals were
to families of the deceased. These ceremonies
helped them cope with the death. When he
was dismissed from the military, he returned
to the family funeral business in 1949. Because
he longed to empower Black citizens, he
began to work at electing Black citizens. He
himself was elected to the Ohio House of
Representatives in 1966 where he served
Daytonians for 22 years. During his time in
the legislature he did many things to increase
to political power of the Black community of
Dayton through economic development. He
was responsible for extending its highways
(US Route 35W), locating the correctional
prison there, supporting programs in its
universities, housing its elderly, and saving its
history (Dunbar House, National AfroAmerican Museum). His daughter, Rhine
McLin, has followed her father’s footsteps into
politics. In that way, his service continues.
After a short experience as a teacher, John
H. Patterson worked as a toll collector on
the Miami-Erie Canal, which ran along the
present Patterson Blvd. across from the
library. He soon began with his brother,
Frank, a business of selling and mining
coal. The general store they owned did a
good business, but at the end of two years,
the owners found there was $3,000 missing.
Clerks had stolen from the cash drawer.
After buying three Dayton-made cash
registers, Patterson’s business began
making money – a profit of several hundred
dollars. He created a demand for cash
registers and began selling them everywhere. His company, presently named
NCR (National Cash Register), now sold
more of the machines. At the same time,
Patterson’s work to improve factory
working conditions, build a recreation park
with pool, provide a lunchroom, increase
lighting, and train apprentices was the talk
of the business world. His NCR factory
was booming when Patterson looked out
his factory window at the deep floodwaters
covering the streets of downtown Dayton.
He immediately ordered an immense
amount of wood, so his employees could
build boats to save people caught by
swirling waters from their second floor
windows. He was the hero of Dayton’s
1913 flood. He is remembered today not
only for the humanitarian way he operated
his factories, but for instituting Dayton’s
present form of city government with a city
manager as its head.
C.J. McLin, Jr.
C.J. McLin, Jr. (1921 – 1988)
McLIN FAMILY HERITAGE COMMITTEE
John H. Patterson
38
Biographies
This poem is one of
many Dunbar wrote
in “Negro dialect.”
Can you rewrite it
in today’s English?
A Death Song
Lay me down beneaf de willers
in de grass,
Whah de branch ‘ll go a-singin’
as it pass.
An’ w’en I’s a-layin’ low,
I kin hyeah it is as it go
Signin’, “Sleep, my honey, tek yo’
res at las’.”
Lay me nigh to whah hit meks a
little pool,
An’ de watah stan’s so quiet lak
an’ cool,
Whah de little birds in spring,
Ust to come an’ drink an’ sing,
An’ de chillen waded on dey way
to school.
Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906)
Paul Laurence Dunbar, born poor and Black
in 1872, was a man who turned his imagination into prose and poetry. His father, who
died when Paul was 10, was a slave who
escaped to freedom in Canada. His mother,
also a slave, lived in Kentucky before the
Civil War. He developed a love for literature
when he spent evenings reading aloud to his
mother, which she dearly loved. A classmate
of Orville Wright, Paul was the only Black in
his Central High School graduating class in
Dayton. He was one of the first Black writers
of his time to get national attention. In
poems, he was able to tell of daily Black life
and using the Southern Negro dialect. He
published his first book of verse, Oak and Ivy
in 1883. As his fame grew, he gave readings
before audiences all over the United States
and in England. In all he wrote 25 books, 15
essays, over 100 poems, 35 song lyrics, 24
short stories, nine musical shows, and four
plays. When he died of tuberculosis in 1906,
the world lost a true giant. His tombstone
along the roadside at Woodland is overshadowed by a willow tree planted there. That
tree refers to a poem by Dunbar called A
Death Song. The first verse is on his stone,
but there were two more verses.
The second verse describes a lake that is
now filled in. A stained glass window in the
Dunbar room of Woodland Mausoleum
shows the view explained in that verse.
Let me settle w’en my shouldahs
draps dey load
Nigh enough to hyeah de noises
in de road;
Fu’ I t’ink de las’ long res’
Gwine to soothe my sperrit bes’
Ef I ‘s layin‘ ’mong de t’ings I’s
allus knowed.
– Paul Laurence Dunbar
Paul Laurence Dunbar’s gravestone
Paul Laurence Dunbar
39
Biography Activities
Biography Activities
Who am I?
1.
I was denied being served food in a downtown Dayton store.
2.
I was Dayton’s first school teacher.
3.
4.
I worked with Charles Kettering to electrify the cash register, a
forerunner of the computer.
I went to school with Orville and Wilbur Wright.
5.
I was a great inventor and flyer, I died before my brother.
6.
I helped save Daytonians from the 1913 flood by having boats built.
7.
I, the older of two brothers, helped fly the first motorized, man-driven
airplane.
8.
I laid out the plan for Dayton’s streets.
9.
My mother, a slave, loved my reading to her.
10. I donated some of my land for Dayton’s first library and park.
11. My daughter has gone into politics just as I did.
12. I, along with my other famous friends, helped to make better cars.
Put the letter of the right
answers in the blank:
A
Orville Wright
B
Daniel Cooper
C
Benjamin Van Cleve
D
Charles F, Kettering
E
Col. Edward A. Deeds
F
C.J. McLin, Jr.
G
John H. Patterson
H
Paul Laurence Dunbar
I
Wilbur Wright
40
Veterans
Veterans of All Wars
in Woodland
Woodland is the final resting ground of
veterans of every war in which the United
States has been engaged. Those who fought
in our earliest wars such as the Revolution
either lived long lives after their service to
our country or were reinterred (reburied)
after Woodland was dedicated as a cemetery
in 1843.
Society of the Cincinnati
The first veterans’ organization was the
Society of the Cincinnati which formed in
1783 for veterans of the Continental Army
during the Revolutionary War. The veterans’ organizations formed after the War of
1812 and the Mexican War were not large.
Civil War
Soldier’s monument
Civil War monument
War began when the Confederates fired on
Fort Sumter April 12, 1861. Within days
four volunteer companies from Montgomery County had left for training. Most of the
soldiers who went to war from here were
volunteers. Governments and businesses gave
“bounties” of $100 to encourage volunteers
early in the war to a maximum of $565
toward the end of the war.
The war at home was as devisive and
as vicious as it was on the front. While
thousands of soldiers from southwest Ohio
fought bravely in every major action from
the first to the last, the streets of Dayton
also became stained with blood and choked
by fire and smoke. The Miami Valley was
shocked and divided by the fame of two
unlikely characters. One was a fiery young
woman, Lottie Moon, from Oxford whose
bravery and cunning often turned the tide
of the battle against the Union; the other was
an anti-war Senator from Dayton, Clement
Vallandigham, who was a threat to the
Lincoln Presidency. The young Dayton
men rushed to the Courthouse and volunteered instantly in regiments with such
names as Buckeye Guards and Anderson
Guards. They fortified Illinois and Missouri
regiments as sharpshooters. Warren County
sent Capt. John Jones to the First Ohio
Regiment, the company firing the first shot
at the First Battle of Bull Run.
In 1862, Col. Charles Anderson of
Dayton organized the 93rd Regiment. Troops
from Dayton made up a third of the First
Ohio Volunteer Regiment, later to become
the Army of the Cumberland. Folks again
rushed to the Courthouse, anxiously studying
the list of the war dead. Telegraph wires rang
with the news of the First Ohio fighting at
Shiloh where two days of bloody conflict saw
more men killed than in all previous American
wars combined. At the battle of Antietam,
General Burnside ordered Troy’s Company D
to take the strategic stone bridge. It was taken
and held. Over 100 Daytonians were among
the casualties at Antietam. Newspapers tell of
funeral processions of returning war dead
traveling along Brown Street, up Woodland
Avenue, and burials in Woodland Cemetery.
This area was mainly pro-Lincoln and
anti-slavery. Because of our closeness to the
Ohio River, there were many people who
had moved to Dayton crossing that boundary separating the slave states of the South
from the free states of the North. So many
of these folks sympathized with the South.
Among them was Charlotte (Lottie) Moon,
an excellent Southern spy. She was one of
a family of five children who lived in Oxford
in 1831. She was not a very attractive woman,
yet she drew a competitiveness and spirit
that did draw the attention of young men to
her. Female spies were used for the first time
in the Civil War. She, being so dramatic,
could in one instance pose as an Irish
41
Veterans
washerwoman, while later playing a titled
English noblewoman. When she traveled as
a noblewoman, calling herself Lady Hall,
coming down from Canada in 1862, she had
heard a meeting discussing links between the
Copperheads of Vallandigham in Ohio and
those Copperheads in other states. Copperheads were a political party of Northerners
who sympathized with Southern slave
owners, Lottie Moon needed to get word to
Jefferson Davis in Richmond, Virginia, about
that meeting. To get through Confederate
lines, she traveled in her noble robes directly
to Washington to the office of Secretary of
War Edward M. Stanton. There she asked
him for a pass to get through the front lines.
She was trying to get to the warm mineral
springs in Virginia to take the cure for her
rheumatism. Stanton, dismayed by her
crippled condition, sympathetically gave her
a pass, then suggested to her that the next day
President Lincoln would be visiting the front
lines. He thought that Lady Hall might be
privileged to ride with the President of the
United States on his trip. The next day there
was Lottie Moon of Oxford, Ohio, seated
between Lincoln and the Secretary of War,
with full Union military escort, secretly
carrying military secrets that would help the
South, escorted safely through Union lines.
The next several months found the War
taking such a downturn for the Union that it
became evident that secrets from the North
had been taken to the South. Stanton
realized that Lady Hall had been the spy and
put a price of $10,000 on her head, dead or
alive. Lottie Moon was captured in 1863
and, still in disguise, taken before the new
commander of Union forces in Cincinnati.
The commander, a former suitor, was
lenient and asked that she spy no more.
She gave him her word and was true to it.
Clement Vallandigham was also a
Copperhead. In 1863, he maintained in a
speech that the war was being fought to free
African-American slaves and enslave whites.
You can find out more about him on our
website. Until 1863, Ohio refused to enlist
African-Americans. Many had joined in
other states. One of these, Joshua Dunbar,
the father of Dayton poet Paul Laurence
Dunbar, was a runaway slave who left Canada
in 1861 to join the 55th Regiment of Massachusetts. After the war, he moved to Dayton
Ohio, where he met and married another
runaway slave, Paul’s mother, Matilda. When
Ohio relented, black volunteers formed the
127th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, later renamed the Fifth U.S. Colored Infantry.
Among them was First Sargent Robert
Pin, who was awarded the Medal of Honor.
Records of the 86 Montgomery County
blacks who served in the Union forces are
sketchy, but their legacy also is found in
Woodland Cemetery. Two hundred soldiers
from Dayton were with General Grant at the
siege of Vicksburg. In the battle for Chattanooga, Miami Valley troops filled the ranks
of the army of the Cumberland.
One-fourth of the army on Sherman’s
March to Atlanta were Ohio troops and
their families in Dayton followed their
progress anxiously. Private Isaac James,
Company H, of Montgomery County’s 93rd
Regiment was awarded the Medal of Honor
Civil War cannon (GAR)
Vallandigham monument
42
Veterans
for capturing the flag at Petersburg, Virginia
on April 2, one week before Lee’s surrender
at Appomattox. Other Medal of Honor
winners are also buried in Woodland
Cemetery. Montgomery County had sent
almost 3,700 soldiers to war. Dayton
accounted for over 1800 men. Losses had
been significant. Of the more than 300,000
soldiers Ohio sent to battle, 4% died in
battle, another 5% died in hospitals, and 7%
returned disabled. These were the highest
percentages of any state population in
A veteran’s gravestone
Civil War cannon – Memorial Day decorations
the North. In 1867, Dayton was selected
as the site of a national asylum for disabled
volunteer soldiers and seamen, the Soldier’s
Home. In the War’s wake, monuments to
heroes waited for bitter memories to fade.
Shortly after the War, a performance at the
music hall, now the Victoria Theater, of
“The Drummer Boy of Shiloh,” raised $200
towards a monument for Civil War veterans,
a monument that would not be dedicated
for almost 20 years. It now stands near the
corner of Monument and Main Streets
commemorating Private Fair and thousands
of Dayton’s other Civil War veterans.
During the war, methods of preserving
(embalming) bodies were developed that made
it possible to return some of the war’s victims
to their home towns. More than five hundred
Civil War veterans lie in Woodland near an
impressive monument to the Union Soldier.
Those who died during the war and were soon
returned to Dayton were buried in Section 8.
The monument is named for the Grand Army
of the Republic an organization formed after
the Civil War, other Montgomery County
Union soldiers were buried near the fields of
battle which took their lives, in Catholic
43
Veterans
cemeteries, or in family lots. More American
lives were lost during the Civil War than in
any other war in which the United States has
fought. Even the President was a victim of the
violence of the times by assassination.
The Spanish American War 1898
During the 1870s there was a long uprising
in Cuba against Spanish misrule which broke
out again in 1895. Neither side was powerful
enough to win. After an explosion killed
about 260 persons aboard the battleship
Maine, Americans blamed Spain and demanded independence for Cuba. This brief
conflict between the United States and Spain
was over the issue of the liberation of Cuba.
As a result of the war, the U.S. won Guam,
Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands. The
United States reorganized and strengthened
its army and navy and saw the need for a
canal through the Isthmus of Panama.
The Grand Army of the Republic
The Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.)
was formed in 1866 for honorably discharged soldiers, sailors, and marines of the
Union armed forces. It was an active
political force, founded soldiers’ homes, was
active in relief work and pension legislation,
and made sure the veterans of the Civil War
had proper burial and that those graves be
tended and honored. Other veterans’ groups
took up those responsibilities when few
Civil War veterans survived. Most Civil War
veterans were gone before World War II.
Veterans of Foreign Wars
The Veterans of Foreign Wars, formed when
three groups of veterans of foreign wars joined
together in 1913, includes veterans of the
Spanish American War as well as the Boxer
Rebellion, the Philippine Insurrection,
campaigns on the Mexican border, Nicaraguan expeditions, World War I, World War II,
the Korean conflict, and the Vietnam conflict.
American Legion
The majority of individual markers in
Woodland are for those who served their
country during World War I and World
War II. These markers remind us of the
numbers of Americans who served during
those wars. There are graves for Korean and
Vietnam veterans as well as for later conflicts. The American Legion, formed in
1919, is the largest veterans’ organization in
the United States. The Legion works for the
interests of its members, makes sure that
disabled veterans and their families receive
the care and help that they need, and assures
they receive proper burial and that those
graves be tended and honored.
The area of Woodland Cemetery set
aside for veterans is F11 on the map. Other
veterans rest in individual and family lots
throughout the cemetery. Veterans served in
the Army, Navy, Marines, Coast Guard, and,
the Air Force (the Army Air Corp prior to
1947). Sometimes you can tell what branch
of the service someone was in (if it is not
on their stone marker) by their rank or the
part of the military structure to which they
belonged (for example: a Cavalry regiment
was a part of the Army).
A veteran’s gravestone
Marker
Number
Map
Location
Name
Veteran’s Graves Survey
Inscription
Birth
Death
Life Span
45
Veterans Activities
Veterans Activities
Solve these after completing the Veteran’s Graves Survey.
1.
Based on your survey, what percentage of your veterans died during the war in which
they fought?
2.
What percentage of your veterans survived the war?
3.
What was the average age of death of those who died during the war in which they
fought?
4.
What was their average age when they entered the service?
5.
Of those who survived the war, what was their average age at death?
6.
If those who died during the war had survived, about how many years could they have
expected to continue living? (You will need the answers to number three and five to
compute this.)
7.
Did any of the veterans on your graves survey data sheet serve in more than one war?
If so, which wars?
8.
What is the inscription on the monument to all the veterans in the section you
gathered data?
9.
Who erected the monument?
The VFW Emblem
The Legion Emblem
10. When was it dedicated?
11. Did you locate any special markers to show any Medal of Honor winners or other
awards given for special service? If so, please describe your discovery:
The G.A.R. Badge
46
Gravestone Stories
Gravestone Stories
of Woodland
Erma Bombeck Boulder (E12 on map)
ROD MOYER
Erma Bombeck boulder
Erma Bombeck
Johnny Morehouse gravestone
A 29,000-pound rock recently became a
monument for writer Erma Bombeck’s
grave. The massive rock was brought here
by flat bed truck from near her former home
in Arizona. Her husband, Bill Bombeck, said
he wanted a “piece of Phoenix” at Erma’s
grave to commemorate the 25 years they
spent together in Arizona.
Born Erma Louise Fiste in 1927 in
Dayton, Ohio, she worked for a daily
newspaper while in high school and while
attending the University of Dayton. After
graduating she became a reporter for the
Dayton Journal-Herald (Which later became
the Dayton Daily News), where she also wrote
feature stories and a housekeeping column
for the women’s page, continuing until the
birth of her first child in 1953. By 1964 she
was the mother of three, and returned to her
column appearing in more than 800 newspapers. Her witty-but-wise columns poked fun
at family life from her place as a suburban
housewife. One of her six best sellers won the
American Cancer Society’s Medal of Honor
in 1990 for advice to help children survive
cancer. This internationally read humor
columnist died of complications following
a kidney transplant operation in 1996.
A Boy and His Dog (G14 on map)
In the 1860s there was a boy, Johnny
Morehouse, the youngest son of John and
Mory, who lived with them in the back of
his father’s shoe repair shop. One day the
five-year-old was playing near his home by
the edge of the Miami & Erie Canal (which
used to run along the present Patterson
Blvd. in downtown Dayton near the library).
The boy accidentally fell into the canal
water. His dog, playing by him, jumped into
the water and tried to save him. He pulled
the boy out, but not in time to save his life.
The boy drowned and was buried in Woodland Cemetery. Legend has it that, several
days after the burial, the dog appeared next
to the boy’s grave staying by it morning,
noon, and night. Visitors to the cemetery
saw him and began to worry about his
health. Some began leaving him bits of food.
Passersby still bring small toys and other
trinkets to decorate the grave marker to
express their spontaneous outpourings of
sympathy. Some visitors put money there.
A lady who walks the cemetery every day
collects the money and buys something for
the grave often. As you can see on his grave
marker, he already has toys to play with –
his harmonica, his top, his cap, his ball.
47
Gravestone Stories
Beckel Beehive (H10 on map)
This unusual beehive, or skep, is a monument marking the final resting place of
Daniel Beckel, who lived from 1814 to
1862. Daniel helped to start the first Dayton
bank. He was also the builder of the Beckel
Hotel and Opera House, a popular entertainment center in Dayton in the mid 1800s.
In funerary, or monument, art a beehive
represents having good character and
promising “abundance in the Promised
Land.” There is no other connection to
beehives known in Daniel Beckel’s life.
Queen of the Gypsies (Q11 on map)
In 1856, Owen Stanley, king of gypsy tribes
in England, came to the U.S. with many of
his group because England was so thickly
populated. He wanted to make Dayton his
permanent home. He bought land in the
City of Dayton as well as Harrison, Wayne,
Mad River, and Butler townships so they
could raise horses and winter there, renting
out their farms while they took to the road
as soon as the weather became warm.
Gypsies were a group of nomadic
people whose ancestors are said to have
originated in Eastern Europe. Within their
groups they have rulers, sometimes women,
who decide what is best for their tribe.
British gypsies had so many kings and
queens – from King John Bucelle in 1657
down to the Gypsy Queen of the U.S.,
Matilda Stanley, royally buried at Woodland
Cemetery in 1878. It is rare that such
royalty would be buried here, or that an
American clergy would preach at the funeral
of a queen, but that happened.
Queen Matilda had died of cancer in
February. Her husband, Levi Stanley, son of
Owen Stanley, sent her body to Woodland
to be kept in a vault for burial in September.
Newspapers here and in many large American cities sent special reporters who printed
long columns of accounts before and after
the funeral. The Sunday of the event,
thousands of people came in from surrounding places by special trains. An estimated
crowd of 25,000 swarmed over the avenues
and grounds of the cemetery. Police were
needed to make way for the funeral procession. The newspaper said a procession of
1000 carriages began downtown and was
so long it had to be refused admission at the
cemetery gates. Around the gravesite there
were so many people that the minister had
to deliver his sermon while standing on a
wooden plank laid across the open grave
under an umbrella in the rain. The king and
his tribe, being heartbroken, stayed around
the Queen’s still open grave as the great
crowd left. Her younger daughters were so
upset that they jumped down into the grave
onto the marble slab to be closer to their
mother and sobbed tenderly.
A granite monument marks the grave
of King Levi and Queen Matilda Stanley.
Funerals of the Stanley gypsies were quite
elaborate. They spared no expense to give
their loved ones dignity and show their
regard for the dead. The funeral coaches,
the undertaker’s hearse, a long procession, a
rich casket, and a great profusion of flowers
were all a part of the event. The women came
dressed in their best silks, satins, or velvets.
Their fingers were adorned with much gold.
The gypsy woman who possesses money does
not hesitate to buy expensive things when she
has set her heart on them. When you visit the
Stanley graves, look for the messages and
verses carved on their slabs, called ledgers.
Beckel beehive
Stanley angel
48
Gravestone Stories
Important Gravestone Groups
Baby Land – The final resting place of
many infants may be found at map location
S19. Here the smaller lot offerings allow a
more intimate setting for families. Another
area for infants is located near The Pump
House, J5 on the map. Many children who
died during the influenza epidemic in 1916
are buried here.
Civil War Veterans – Soldiers lie here who
fought the Civil War from 1861 to 1865.
Located in map section F10 near the
Huffman Family vault.
Dayton City Lot – A long time ago, anyone
who died and had no money or no one to pay
for their burial, was buried here in a space paid
for by the city. Located on map at S19, it has
not been used as a “potter’s field” since 1950.
The Grand Army of the Republic
Monument (G11 on map)
Built in 1885, the G.A.R. Monument
features a granite figure of a Union soldier
on an 8-foot pedestal. It is surrounded by
four naval cannon. Eight cannon balls were
added later to rest at the front base.
Gravestone and Sculpture
Activities
1.
Choose your favorite gravestone
art or sculpture. Make a sketch of
it and label it.
2.
Design your own piece of art or
3.
There are other pieces of art and
sculpture. Where would you put it?
sculpture in Woodland not included
in the previous writing. Make a
sketch of one and make sure you
find all the information that you
can locate about the piece.
A marker in the baby field group of gravestones
Civil War veterans memorial
The Grand Army of the Republic Monument
49
Gravestone Stories
Interesting Gravestones at Woodland
Various styles of religious monuments
Wiedeke monument
George and Mary Newcom gravestones
Wood Celtic cross
Schantz in his chair
Dunbar gravestone
Drury monument
McMillen monument
Monument for a child
50
Architecture
Architecture and
Woodland
Collins: The Tallest Obelisk (R8 on map)
The tallest gravestone in Woodland Cemetery is the 46-foot obelisk that marks the
grave of railroad magnate, John Alexander
Collins. Collins, born in 1815, a locomotive
engineer, rose to fame as the founder of the
Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad,
Old receiving vault
which later became part of the B & O
Railroad. He died in 1878. The obelisk was
cut from a solid piece of barre granite
quarried in Barre, Vermont, and weighs
more than 24,000 pounds.
The City Receiving Vault (G11 on map)
This Egyptian-looking structure is the old
City Receiving vault, which was used many
years ago as a place to store human remains
temporarily until conditions allowed them
to be interred. This was common in the
severe winter months when the ground was
too hard and frozen to dig a grave. It was
built in a time when there were many grave
robbers who would steal buried bodies so
medical students could practice their doctor
skills on them. Some think the receiving
vault’s purpose was to hold bodies of the
newly deceased for one to two weeks,
making them too badly decomposed for use
by medical students to be stolen. This
architecture style is Egyptian Revival.
Because of their interest in life after death,
many forms of Egyptian art have been used
in the 19th and 20th centuries in cemeteries.
Records show that the vault was built in
1847. For his services, its builder, James
Wuichet, was given $20, which was the cost
of 12 burial spaces in 1847. Now the cost of
one burial space is $800. What a difference!
Deeds Mausoleum: Classical
Revival Architecture (X16 on map)
There are several excellent classical revival
mausoleums in Woodland. The Deeds
Mausoleum is a copy of an Ionic temple.
Deeds mausoleum
51
Architecture
Classical Revival buildings made up of:
Sloping Roof
Pediment
1. Low Sloping Roof
2. Pediment (triangle between horizontal entablature and
the sloping roof at the front of a classical style building.)
3. Entablature (upper horizontal part between the capital
and the pediment) is made up of:
Cornice
Frieze
Entablature
Architrave
4a. Capital:
the upper part of a column.
4. Column
4b. Shaft:
fluted with shallow vertical
grooves or smooth, tapered or
straight, slender or broad.
4c. Base:
The Greek Doric has no base.
Pilaster column: a squared column (usually with both a
capital and a base), set in the wall or monument.
Engaged column: a rounded column (usually with both
a capital and a base), set in the wall or monument.
Attached
to wall
Engaged
column
Pilaster
column
Colonnade: (row of columns, all set an equal distance apart)
Colonnade
52
Architecture
Types of Columns
•
Egyptian – Egyptian order, topped
with symbolic motif of the afterlife
Egyptian
Tuscan
•
Tuscan – Roman order, resembles
Doric, but shaft has no fluting
•
Doric – first and simplest of Greek
orders which normally has no base
Doric
Corinthian
Ionic
Composite
•
Ionic– second of Greek orders with
Deeds mausoleum detail with Ionic columns
capital of carved scrolls
•
Corinthian – last of Greek orders with
elaborate capital decorated with
carvings of leaves
•
Composite – Roman order, resembles
Corinthian, but has capital that combines the Corinthian leaf decorations
with the carved scrolls of the Ionic
Deeds mausoleum
Mausoleum Styles at Woodland –
Can You Find These?
•
Egyptian: City Receiving Vault across
from main mausoleum, G12; Marjorie
V. Jones, GG4
•
Tuscan: Tole, K10; Gagel, G11;
DeWeese, R5
•
Doric: Compton, N5; Cotterill, M9;
Brower, V15
Schantz monument
•
Ionic: Deeds, X16; Westerman, S9;
Thomas Staniland, P7
•
Corinthian: Louis N. Reibold, V15;
Louis Reibold monument
C.E. Drury, T13; Lowes, N9
•
Composite: Estabrook, S9; Eckert, O7;
M.W. Chambers, U13
•
Pilasters: Schantz, H12
•
Colonnade: Deeds, X16; Theodore
Gregory, N16
DeWeese Mausoleum
Marjorie V. Jones gravestone
53
Architecture Activities
Architectural Activities
1.
Have each student design a Classical Revival facade for a mausoleum or chapel. Use one
of the Classical orders for the columns. Design an entrance, entablature, and pediment.
(Tip: a pattern of tagboard for the pediment will help to get the angles correct).
2.
Send the students on an architectural scavenger hunt. Have them look for architectural
features such as columns, capitals, arches, etc. They can search on the field trip to
Woodland or around their school or home neighborhood.
3.
Pacing is a useful tool for measuring large areas. Determine the students’ pace by
marking their stride when they walk a measured distance (such as 100 feet) and then
divide by the number of strides they used to determine the length of each stride. Use
this technique for measuring areas around the school or on the field trip. (Tip: determine their stride on school grounds days before your field trip unless you have planned
an all day field trip.)
4.
Have each student design a column. You can obtain heavy cardboard tubes from a carpet
store and cut each tube into sections. They can use one of the Classical orders or an
original idea. They should pay attention to the base, shaft (fluted or smooth, tapered or
straight, slender or broad) and the capital. These could be lined up in a display case or
area to form a “colonnade.”
5.
Have each student design several columns on drawing paper to form a booklet.
6.
Mathematics: Measure spaces and/or calculate volume. Design columns out of cardboard and calculate the maximum weight each column will bear before collapsing.
7.
History: Explore the ways in which architecture reflects the social values of its time.
Find photos of the period to see how people dressed, where they worked and played,
and what they valued.
7a. Who was president during the period?
7b. Were any wars fought during the period?
7c. Was there a depression or a financial boom?
Jasper Jennings
54
Memorial Symbols
Woodland Memorial Symbols
Alpha and omega – the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet; symbolic of God, the
Alpha and omega
beginning and the ending.
Anchor
Anchor – symbolic of faith and hope; a love of sailing; the shipping business.
Angel(s) – symbolic of the Heavenly Host; often seen leading a soul toward heaven; when
Angel
holding a torch, symbolic of eternal life.
Circle
Arch – gateway to heaven, through which the soul will travel.
Circle – perfection; eternity.
Cross
Column – severed – a life cut short.
Cross – Christian symbol; has taken many different forms to represent different Christian
Column
groups.
Dogwood – symbolic of the Crucifixion and the Resurrection; a reminder of Christ’s
Dove
Dogwood
promise of eternal life.
Dove – symbolic of devotion, peace, or the Holy Spirit.
Forget-me-not – unending love, remembering always.
Gates – the gates of heaven, open to receive the soul.
Gates
Heart – symbol of love; the soul in heavenly happiness.
Heart
Hourglass
Hourglass – symbolizes the swift passage of time; if the hourglass lies on its side, it suggests
that time has stopped.
Ivy – constancy life everlasting.
Lamb – “Lamb of God” – usually found on the graves of infants and children; symbolizes
Ivy
the delicate nature of a child.
Laurel garland – symbol of the hero; wreath of laurel was placed on the head of the victor
in Greek Olympic games and later on the head of a conquering Roman Caesar.
Lamb
Lily – purity and virtue
Lily
Lion
Lion – bravery; in Judaism, a tribute to Daniel, Hosea, Samson, and David.
55
Memorial Symbols
Maple leaf
Maple leaf – long life and self control; Canada.
Oak leaf – glory, honor, strength and steadfast faith.
Palm – victory; triumph over death.
Oak leaf
Palm
Rising sun – resurrection.
Rosary – symbol of constant prayer for a loved one.
Staff climbed by entwined serpents (Aesculapian rod or winged caduceus staff) –
Rising sun
medicine; healing.
Star of David (two interlaced equilateral triangles) –Jewish symbol of divine protection
throughout eternity.
Star of Bethlehem (five-pointed star) – Peace on Earth; patriotism because it is used on
the American flag and metals.
Rosary
Sun-disc flanked by sculptured wings – divine protection; often found on Egyptian
Staff
temples.
Star of Bethlehem
Tree – The Tree of Life.
Star of David
Tree trunk – a life cut short.
Triangle – the Trinity; also symbolized by a trefoil (triangle composed of tree intersecting
circles), fleur-de-lis, or shamrock.
Sun-disc
Trumpet – the sign of resurrection.
Two tablets – the Ten Commandments; God’s laws.
Urn – death; draped urn showed the stonemason’s skill by making stone look like a soft,
draped garment or cloth.
Tree
Tree trunk
Willow – mourning the loss of earth life.
Trumpet
Two tablets
Willow
Urn
56
Monument Styles
Memorial Forms
and Designs
The first cemetery memorial used by the
settlers was a simple, upright slab of stone.
Their use of symbols, sayings, and informative epitaphs makes them interesting to
those who study history.
Markers and
Headstones
The most common
form of individual
memorials are
markers, headstones,
and ledger-stones. A marker is basically a
flat, or at least horizontal stone, while a
headstone usually stands vertical. A ledgerstone is a flat slab covering the entire grave.
A “flush” or “lawn level” marker is even with
the surface of the ground which makes
cutting the grass with a power mower easier.
Tablets
Upright slab
like monuments, larger
that a marker
or headstone, are called tablets. They may
be vertical or horizontal, a simple one-piece
stone or an ornately carved stone.
Sculpture
Most beautiful of all is a
free-standing statue
created by a sculptor of
outstanding talent and
ability. In Woodland, you
will find statues of angels,
a symbolic figure like the
fireman, an urn, or a figure to represent a
group like the Elk for members of the Elks.
Obelisks
An obelisk is a tapered tall,
four-sided shaft of stone
that rises to a pyramid top.
It is usually mounted on a
pedestal. The shape was
used in ancient Egypt and
was used in the nineteenth century to mark
the grave of a hero or important person or
family. The pedestal monument resembles
the base of an obelisk, usually with straight
sides.
Shattered Column or
Tree Trunk
Both of theses monuments appear
to be incomplete and mark the
graves of people who died while
they were still young. The limestone tree trunks may have ivy
carved on it and a tablet or open
book for the name, dates, and
epitaph. Carved limestone trunks and marble
monuments deteriorate from weather and
acid rain.
Columns and
Pilasters
Columns and pilasters
are important parts of
classical architecture.
The column originated
as a way to hold up the
roof of a building and
is admired for its beauty. They are discussed
in more detail in the architecture section. A
few monuments in Woodland have columns
supporting a lintel, most with a tablet in the
center. Sometimes the paired columns are
used to represent a husband and wife or the
door to Eternity. Sometimes two pilasters
(columns attached to a memorial tablets)
form a frame for the family name, dates, the
epitaph, and memorial symbol.
57
Monument Styles
Garden
Memorials
As far back as
ancient Roman
times, the cemetery was known as hortus – a
garden. They were landscaped and decorated
with sculpture and monuments. Memorials
were designed to allow the visitor to enjoy
nature’s greenery and flowers. A sundial,
vase of flowers, or a bird bath add to the
garden-like beauty. A bench symbolizes rest
and thoughtfulness and is sometimes used
by visitors for relaxation. Any of these may
have engraved names, dates, and even a
memorial message.
Columbary or
Columbarium
The columbary is
a part of the chapel
complex. There are
niches or shelves
for urns which hold
cremated remains.
AboveGround
Entombments
A sarcophagus
is not intended
to be buried. Basically, it is an above-ground
richly decorated stone container for one
coffin or more. A family mausoleum (Woodland has many private mausoleums) is aboveground and contains any number of crypts
for coffins of family members. Usually they
are small copies of classical or Egyptian
temples. Our community mausoleum is
available to everyone and has many crypts.
Lawn
Crypts
Companion
lawn crypts
are located across Stewart Street. Each
double-depth mausoleum style Lawn Crypt
is completely enclosed, private, and accommodates two caskets. Installed at ground
level is a bronze memorial marker. The area
blends in well with the gently rolling hills,
tranquil waters and stately trees that created
the park-like feeling of Woodland.
Monument Activities
Can you tell what style these are?
58
Bibliography
Bibliography
Sanford, Doris. It Must Hurt A Lot. Multnomah
Press: Hong Kong, 1986.
Death
Scrivani, Mark. When Death Walks In. Omaha,
NE: Centering Corporation, 1990.
Berry, Joy. Good Answers to Tough Questions About
Death. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1990.
Buscaglia, Leo. The Fall of Freddie the Leaf. New
York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1982
Sims, Alicia. Am I Still a Sister? Albuquerque,
NM: Starline Printing, 1986.
Tiffault, Elizabeth. A Quilt for Elizabeth.
Carter, Forrest. The Education of Little Tree.
Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press,
1976
Tobias, Tobi. Petey. G.P. Putnam’s Sons
dePaola, Tomie. Nana Upstairs and Nana
Downstairs. New York: Putnum, 1973.
White Deer of Autumn. The Great Change.
Hillsboro, OR: 1992
Gerner, Margaret H. For Bereaved Grandparents.
Omaha: Centering Corporation, 1990.
There are sources for books, etc., that deal with
difficult times in the lives of children as well as
adults. They issue catalogues which briefly
describe each book, video, and other materials
that they offer for sale. Some of these are
difficult to order directly from the publisher.
Heegaard, Marge Eaton. Facilitator Guide For
Drawing Out Feelings. Minneapolis: Woodland
Press, 1992.
Hundley, Mark. Awaken To Good Mourning.
Plano, TX: Awaken Publications l993.
Huntley, Theresa. Helping Children Grieve.
Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1991.
Viorst, Judith. Tenth Good Thing About Barney.
New York: Antheneum, 1971.
Centering Corporation
1531 N Saddle Creek Rd.
Omaha NE 68104
Kramer, Herb. Conversations at Midnight: Coming
to terms with Dying & Death. New York: W.
Morrow & Co., 1993
Compassion Books Catalog
Rainbow Connection
477 Hannah Branch Road
Burnsville, NC 287140
Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth. To Live Until We Say
Good-bye. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall,
Inc., 1978
Genealogy
Kushner, Harold. When Bad Things Happen to
Good People. New York: Avon Books, 1981.
Croom, Emily. The Genealogist’s Companion &
Sourcebook. Cincinnati, Ohio: Betterway Books,
1994.
Lowry, Lois. A Summer to Die. London:
Granada, 1980.
Marlin, Emily. Genograms: The New Tool for
Exploring. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1989.
Mathis, Sharon Bell. The Hundred Penny Box.
New York: Viking, 1975
McHugh, Maureen E. Shaking Your Family Tree
Workbook. Emmaus, PA: Yankee Books, 1991.
Mellonie, Bryan and Robert Ingpen. Lifetimes:
The Beautiful Way To Explain Death to Children.
New York: Bantam Books, 1983.
Weitzman, David. My Backyard History Book.
Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1975.
Miles, Miska. Annie and the Old One. Boston:
G.K. Hall, 1992.
Libraries
Living Relatives
Family Bibles
City and County Records
Church Records
State and Local Historical or Genealogical
Organizations
Cemetery Records
Munsch, Robert. Love You Forever. Willowdale,
Ontario: Firefly Books Ltd., 1986.
Paterson, Katherine. Bridge to Terabithia. New
York: Crowell, 1977.
Rogers, Fred. So Much to Think About.
Rogers, Fred. When a Pet Dies. New York:
Putman, 1988.
Additional Sources for Personal Genealogy:
59
Bibliography
Published Sources
Birth, death, marriage, and divorce records can
be ordered from the U.S. Department of Health,
Education and Welfare, Public Health Services
through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20240.
Military and Census Records
LDS Church Archives by writing: Family
History Department, 35 North West Temple
Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84150.
Local History
Becker, Carl M. and Patrick B. Nolan. Keeping the
Promise: A Pictorial History of the Miami Conservancy District. Dayton: Landfall Press, 1988.
Bombeck, Erma. All I Know about Animal Behavior
I Learned in Loehmann’s Dressing Room. New York:
Harper Collins Publishers, Inc., 1995.
Conover, Charlotte Reeve. Dayton, Ohio: An Intimate
History. Dayton: Landfall Press, 1931, 1970.
Conover, Frank, ed. Centennial Portrait and
Biographical Record of the City of Dayton and of
Montgomery County, Ohio. Dayton: A. W. Bowen
& Co., 1897.
Dalton, Curt. Portraits of Dayton, Vol. l. Dayton:
Asylum Graphics, 1993.
Fisk, Fred C. & Marlin W. Todd. The Wright
Brothers from Bicycle to Biplane. Dayton: 1993.
Frame, Robert. Craig MacIntosh’s Dayton
Sketchbook. Dayton: Landfall Press, 1977.
Friermood, Elisabeth Hamilton. Promises in the
Attic. Dayton: Landfall Press, 1975.
Gentry, Tony. Black Americans of Achievement:
Paul Laurence Dunbar. New York: Chelsea House
Publishers, 1989.
Henn, Robert L. Wildflowers of Ohio. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1998.
Junior League of Dayton, ed.. Dayton, A History
in Photographs. Dayton: Junior League of
Dayton, Ohio, Inc., 1976.
Marcosson, Isaac F. Colonel Deeds, Industrial
Builder. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1947.
Ohio Forestry Assn. and Ohio Dept. of Natural
Resources. “Ohio’s Big Trees.” Columbus: Ohio
Dept. of Natural Resources, 1997.
Rogers, Mary Earl, ed. Woodland, 150 Years.
Dayton: Woodland Cemetery Assn., 1991.
Rollins, Ron, ed. For the Love of Dayton: Life in
the Miami Valley, 1796-1996. Dayton: Dayton
Daily News, 1995.
Ronald, Bruce W. and Virginia Ronald. Dayton,
the Gem City. Tulsa: Continental Heritage Press,
1981.
Ronald, Bruce W. and Virginia Ronald. Where
the Rivers Meet: A Children’s History of Dayton and
the Miami Valley. Dayton: Celebration Dayton
’96, 1995.
Sandy, Michael R. “A Geological Walk in the
Gem City.” University of Dayton, 1998.
And countless publications from Woodland
Cemetery, the Dayton Daily News, and the Ohio
Department of Natural Resources.
Architecture
McKee, Harley J. Amateur’s Guide to Terms.
Rochester: The Landmark Society, 1970.
Blumenson, John J. Identifying American
Architecture. Nashville: American
Association for State and Local History, 1981.
Reid, Richard. The Book of Buildings. New York:
Crescent Books, 1980.
McAlester, Virginia & Lee. A Field Guide to
American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981.
Sylvester, Diane and Mary Wiemann.
Mythology-Archeology-Architecture. Santa Barbara,
CA: The Learning Works, Inc. 1982.
Monuments, Memorial Symbols
Ferguson, George. Signs & Symbols in Christian
Art. New York: Oxford University Press, 1954.
Laas, William. Monuments in Your History. New
York: Popular Library, 1972.
Science
Allison, Ira S. et al. Geology: The Science of a
Changing Earth. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.
Matthews, William H. Geology Made Simple.
Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1967.
Rocks and Charts. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1969.
Van Diver, Bradford B. Roadside Geology. Missoula,
MT: Mountain Press Publishing, 1985.
Zim, Herbert S. & Alexander C. Martin. Trees.
NY: Golden Press, 1956.
Last pg.
faces IBC
Map Legend – Major Landmarks and Points of Interest
1. Adams, Sr., Stewart I., M.D.:
Prominent Dayton physician
whose contemporary memorial is
a landmark in the newer section
of Woodland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FF2
2. Aull, Nicholas J., 1824-1899: Father
of John Aull (Aullwood), interesting
monument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N10
3. Beckel, Daniel, 1814-1862: Built
Beckel House Hotel and Opera
House. Beehive monument. . . H10
4. Berry, L.M., 1888-1980: Yellow
Pages Publisher . . . . . . . . . . . Y17
5. Bollmeyer, John Frederick, 18311862: Editor Democratic newspaper,
supported Vallandigham. Shot to
death in street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . I8
6. Bombeck, Erma, 1927-1996:
Humorist, author, columnist for
the Dayton Journal-Herald, her
monument is a boulder from
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E12
7. Bowman Mausoleum, the newest
walk-in mausoleum on the cemetery
grounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CC3
8. Bronze sculptures, noted sculptor,
Karl Bitter, native of Vienna, Austria,
created these identical bronze
features in 1909; near the lake (U8)
and in the new section (CC6)
9. Carter, Mrs. Leslie, 1863-1937:
Actress, famous in early 1900s.
Scandalous divorce. Associated with
David Balasco. Rival of Mrs. Patrick
Campbell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K12
10. Chapel, 1887: On National Register
of Historic Places. Note Tiffany
Window, original, signed. . . . . . B12
11. City Receiving Vault, temporary
holding area for remains when the
cemetery was first opened . . . G11
12. Civil War Section . . . . . . . . . . F10
13. Collins, John Alexander, 18151878: Locomotive engineer on
the Cincinnati-Hamilton-Dayton
Railroad, his Obelisk is Woodland’s
tallest monument. . . . . . . . . . . . R8
14. Connolly, John A., 1932-1989:
Manager, Midwest Auto Sales Co.
Lion monument. . . . . . . . . . . Q12
15. Cooper, Daniel C., 1773-1818: Real
founder of Dayton. Owned most of
the city. Died after straining himself
carrying church bell. Donated land
for “Old Burial Ground.” . . . . . J11
16. Cox, James M., 1870-1957:
Owner Dayton Newspaper, later
Dayton Daily News, other papers,
radio/TV stations. Ohio governor ran
against Harding for President
in 1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X16
17. Cullum, Allen, 1805-1843: First
burial at Woodland. Butler County
farmer, member IOOF. . . . . . . . L12
18. Deeds, Col. Edward A., 1874-1960:
Engineer, entrepreneur. Founded
Barn Gang with Kettering. Headed
World War I Aviation program. Gave
Carillon Park to Dayton. . . . . . X16
19. Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 18721906: First renowned black poet
in USA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R7
20. Fry, John W., Grinder for South
Park Tool Co. Large tree of life
monument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T8
21. Greek Orthodox Section and
altar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O18
22. Huffman, William A., 1769-1866:
Dayton pioneer; lawyer, banker,
merchant, landowner; son
started the first street car line
in Dayton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F11
23. Jones, Marjorie V., 1917-1975:
Insurance Agent, Hieroglyphic
pyramid marker. Translation in
office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GG4
24. Kettering, Charles F., 1876-1958:
Famous inventor: auto self-starter,
many inventions and improvements
for GM. Charles and family known
for philanthropy. . . . . . . . . . . D13
25. Lake and Fountain . . . . . . . . W9
26. Lawn Crypt’s Soaring Spirit
Statue, by Robert Koepnick,
1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FF6
27. Lookout Point, the ideal site for
viewing downtown Dayton. . . . K6
28. McLin, C.J., Jr., 1921-1988: Funeral
Director and prominent local
African-American politician. . . . P13
29. McGuffey, William H., 1800-1873:
wife Harriet, and son Charles buried
in her Spinning family plot. He is
buried at University of Virginia
where he was a professor following
years at Miami University and
University of Cincinnati. He wrote
McGuffey Reader. . . . . . . . . . O14
30. McMillen, Asa, 1797-1855:
Famous angel statue
monument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O12
31. Mausoleum, excellent art glass
windows and mosaics. Built in
1969. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E14
32. Mead, Col. Daniel E., 1817-1891;
Charles D., 1851-1911; Harry E.,
1853-1916; and George Houk,
1835-1894: Created Mead Paper
empire. Family extremely active in
community affairs. . . . . . . . . . . . R9
Legend continues on back of map
Outside of Foldout Page
8 1/4”
Map Legend – Major Landmarks and Points of Interest (continued)
33. Morehouse, Johnny, 1855-1860:
Died at age five. Most famous
statue at Woodland. Often called
“Dog and the Boy.” Only son of
local cobbler family east side of
Canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G14
34. Newcom, George, 1771-1853:
Famous pioneer settler of Dayton.
He was from Ireland. Ran tavern
now located at Carillon Park. Home
was first court. . . . . . . . . . . . . . L6
35. Office, National Historic
Register, built 1887. . . . . . . . . B13
36. Patterson, John H., 1844-1922:
Bought cash register in 1884 from
James Ritty, formed NCR. Social
innovator. Organized rescue teams
for 1913 flood. Company built
boats for flood victims. . . . . . . H6
37. Peirce, David Z., 1813-1853:
Cashier Dayton Branch, State Bank
of Ohio. Interesting monument with
cross and tablets. . . . . . . . . . . M12
38. Price Family Mausoleum,
founder of the Price Candy
Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S18
39. Ritty, James, 1837-1918: Inventor
of “incorruptible cash register.”
Sold to Patterson in 1884 for
$6,500. Had restaurant and Pony
House Saloon. See Bar at Jay’s
Restaurant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L10
40. Schantz, Adam, Sr., 1839-1903,
and Adam Jr., 1898-1921: Senior
was a brewer and Junior was a
real estate developer. Both were
active community leaders. Famous
statue of the son near cemetery
entrance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H12
41. Service Buildings . . . . . . . . D15
49. Waldo Street Entrance
(The Lodge) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V7
42. Soule, Charles, 1811-1869, and
family: Father came from Maine;
Charles, Jr., son, 1845-1897, and
daughter, all artists. Painted many
portraits of local Daytonians.
Father and son nationally
recognized. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I8
50. Wiedeke, Gustav, 1849-1910:
Famous life-size naturalistic monument. Known to startle guards at
night. Born in Germany. With sons
Gus, Jr., and Otto, had tool company
that made furnace boilers. . . . V15
43. Stanley, Owen, 1816-1892, and
family: Gypsies from England.
Three Gypsy kings and two
queens buried here. Interesting
monument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q11
51. Winters, Valentine, 1807-1890:
Banker, co-founder of Winters
Bank. Woodland treasurer and
Trustee. Grandfather of comedian
Jonathan Winters. . . . . . . . . . . . I9
44. Steele, Robert W., 1819-1891:
Son of James, second Woodland
President. Lawyer, active in
education, Steele High School
named for him. With daughter
wrote a centennial history of
Dayton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M12
52. Wood, E. Morgan, 1838-1918:
President of Dayton Globe Ironworks
became Globe Industries. . . . . . S7
45. Stoddard, Henry S., Sr., 17881869, and son Henry, Jr., 18611918: Father, Henry, Sr., was a
successful lawyer. Son, Henry, Jr.,
built Stoddard-Dayton automobile,
was an attorney, and owned Paint
and Varnish Co. with brother,
John W. Stoddard. . . . . . . . . . . . L2
46. Tunnel to South Section, built in
1909, restored 1988. . . . . . . . . Z20
47. Vallandigham, C.L., 1820-1871:
Copperhead or Peace Democrat,
a foe of Lincoln before and
during Civil War. Served in
Congress. Lawyer, shot himself
at Golden Lamb during a trial
demonstration. . . . . . . . . . . . . K8
48. Van Cleve, John W., 1801-1858:
Renaissance man: writer, artist,
lawyer, map maker, civic leader.
Founder of Woodland
Cemetery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N5
53. Wright Iris Garden, established
in 1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FF8
54. Wright, Wilbur, 1867-1912, &
Orville, 1871-1948: Woodland’s
most visited monuments. They
invented powered flight, the wind
tunnel, a better glider, efficient
small engines and better propeller
designs as well. It all started with a
bike shop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q8
55. Zeigler, Major David, 1748-1811:
Revolutionary war veteran, commanded troops in early Indian wars.
First Mayor of Cincinnati. . . . . J12
8 3/8
IBC
Woodland Cemetery Map
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
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J
K
L
M
N
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1
2
45
St.
ng
mi
o
Wy
3
4
Pump
House
5
48
27
6
34
36
19
7
42
8
13
32
51
39
10
12
11
12
54
47
5
9
5
22
10
11
6
Front
Gate
2
3
43
15
55
40
9
17
44
30
37
14
35
13
28
24
14
31
15
29
33
Mausoleum
41
16
17
Stewart St.
18
21
19
Dayton Ci
20
A
B
C
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8 1/4
Inside of Foldout Page
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Routes to Woodland
1
SR 35
2
.
Wyom
5
Woodland
Cemetery
Stewart St.
6
.
University
of Dayton
7
St.
Pk.
.
8
20
Brown St
49
al
W
Main
8
52
St
Wilmington
do
ing
e.
Av
4
yne
Wa
3
Av
e
I-75
ne
SR 48
N
W
ay
Lake
25
9
10
11
12
Inset – South Section
AA
13
BB
CC
1
DD
EE
FF
GG
Stewart St.
14
1
2
15
50
16
18
4
4
17
5
38
18
6
See inset
T
U
V
W
X
Y
8
7
46
Stewart St.
23
26
19
ty Lot (Potter’s Field)
University of Dayton
16
S
7
3
Z
20
8
53
HH

Educator`s Guidebook - Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum

Transcription

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