28 jan 2016 - National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

Transcription

PUBLIC AWARENESS SEMINAR SERIES 2016
Issue 24, Volume 8, 2015
28 JAN 2016 | NIOSH BANDAR BARU BANGI
SAFETY CULTURE IMPROVEMENT WITH BEHAVIORAL SAFETY
During the last decades companies have invested a lot of time and effort reducing risks for injuries
by developing technical solutions and implementing safety management systems. As a result, the
number of incidents has been reduced significantly. However, often the incident rate remains on
a stubborn plateau and companies look for additional measures to further improve their safety
performance based on internal or external requirements. Factors for occupational accidents can
be technical, organizational or behavioral. The latter one is paving the way for many pre-existing
factors to come together and by this is the final common pathway for almost all accidents.
Although many incidents are attributed to people’s carelessness or poor safety attitude, most of
these are triggered by underlying barriers for safe behavior or supported by the culture of an
organization.
A Behavioral Safety approach addresses at-risk behaviors and identifies underlying barriers.
Although Behavioral Safety usually focuses on workshop employee level, an active role and
contribution of all employees is required. Essential in Behavioral Safety is to show leadership and
activate employees to identify and remove barriers for safe behavior and how to motivate
people to strive towards and sustain an injury-free culture.
The 1-Day seminar is designed to provide the participants with deeper background information
about Safety Culture Improvement based on Behavioral Safety. It will introduce effective tools to
improve safe behavior for all levels of employees. The seminar is based on the trainer’s practical
experience of successfully implementing safety culture improvement programs in many different
countries and includes theoretical.
Objectives:
At the end of this seminar, participants should be
able to:
• define an injury-free culture
• understand motivation for behavior and how to
change behavior
• know details of the 4 elements of a BehaviorBased Safety (BBS) program
• be aware of potential pitfalls and success
factors of Behavioral Safety
Target Audience:
•OHS professionals
• Plant manager, heads of organizations
• Line manager in production, construction,
maintenance, warehousing, laboratory etc.
in all industries
• Project manager
2
PUBLIC AWARENESS SEMINAR SERIES 2016
28 JAN 2016 | NIOSH BANDAR BARU BANGI
SAFETY CULTURE IMPROVEMENT WITH BEHAVIORAL SAFETY
N
O.
TENTATIVE PROGRAM
TIME
DURATION
08:30 – 09:00
30 M
09:00-10:30
1 H 30 M
10:30 – 11:00
30 M
11:00-12:00
1H
1
Registration
2
Safety Culture and Behavioral Safety Human Behavior
and Actions
3
TEA BREAK
4
Intervention and Communication
6
Behavior-Based Safety (BBS)
12:00 – 13:00
1J
7
LUNCH
13:00 – 14:00
1H
8
Pitfalls and Success Factors
14:00 – 15:00
1H
9
Preparation and Implementation Applied Behavioral
Safety
15:00 -16:30
1 H 30 M
10
TEA BREAK / CERTIFICATE
ONLINE Registration at http://www.niosh.com.my
For more information, please contact the secretariat :
Phone: 03-8911 3877/ 3889 (Ms. Halimatulsaadiah/Mr. Amir )
F : 03-8926 9841
Email : [email protected]
Date
Fee
Certificate
Registration
Payment
: 28 JAN 2016
: RM 80.00/person (Inclusive of the 6% GST)
: Yes
: Online System / www.niosh.com.my
: Cash
COMMUNICATION, BUSINESS AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION DIVISION (CBID)
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH (NIOSH)
Lot1, Jalan 15/1, Section 15, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor T : 03-8769 2201 F : 03-8926 5655
www.facebook.com/nioshmalaysia
www.twitter.com/nioshmalaysia
3
A confined space is an enclosed area with limited space and accessibility. An example is the
interior of a storage tank, which may be occasionally entered by workers for maintenance but is
otherwise not a habitable space. Hazards in a confined space often include harmful dust or
gases, asphyxiation, submersion in liquids or free-flowing granular solids (for example, grain
bins), electrocution, or entrapment.
Confined space accidents are of particular concern in occupational safety and health due to the
hazards that they pose to the victim and subsequently to a rescue team. Confined space training
outlines the skills and protocols for safe entry to confined spaces, and includes precautions such
as locking and tagging out connecting piping, testing of breathable air quality, forced ventilation,
observation of workers in the space, and a predetermined rescue plan with appropriate safety
harnesses and other rescue equipment standing by.
Description
Although the definition of a confined space varies between jurisdictions, it is generally recognized
as a space that:
• has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;
• is large enough for a person to enter to perform tasks;
• is not designed or configured for continuous occupancy; and
• has the potential for a significant hazard to be present.
4
A utility tunnel, the inside of a boiler (only accessible when the boiler is off), the inside of a fluid storage tank, a septic
tank that has contained sewage, and a small underground electrical vault are all examples of confined spaces. Ships
and other vessels commonly have confined spaces due to the need for compartmentalized watertight construction.
The exact definition of a confined space varies depending on the type of industry. That is, confined spaces on a
construction site are defined differently than confined spaces in a paper mill. Confined spaces that present
special hazards to workers, including risks of toxic or asphyxiant gas accumulation, fires, falls, flooding, and
entrapment may be classified as permit-required confined spaces depending on the nature and severity of the
hazard.
Even normally habitable parts of a building such as corridors or offices may take on the characteristics of a confined
space, during operations that alter normal ventilation and access. For example, a room may be wrapped in plastic
sheeting for painting and any vapour emitted in the room may not be dispersed by blocked ventilation ducts.
In the U.S., entry into permit-required confined spaces must comply with regulations promulgated by
the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). These regulations include developing a written program,
issuing entry permits, assigning attendant(s), designating entrants, and ensuring a means of rescue.
According to the OSHA, a permit-required confined space (permit space) has the three characteristics listed above
(which define a confined space) and one or more of the following:
1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere
2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing the entrant
3. Has an internal configuration that might cause an entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging
walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section
4. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards.
In addition to the hazards posed by the design of the space, work activities can also pose serious safety hazards
(heat, noise, vapors, etc.) that must be taken into account when identifying safety measures that must be taken.
5
.
Atmospheric hazards
Entry certification
The most common hazard seen in confined spaces is that of
atmospheric hazards. These affect air quality and present
immediate hazards to health or life. Acceptable atmospheric
conditions must be verified before entry, and must be monitored
continuously while the space is occupied.
The oxygen concentration, the presence of toxic gases, and
flammable material are the three conditions that must be
monitored.
In many situations, certification of non-hazardous atmosphere
by a trained or competent person is required before personnel
may enter a confined space without the use of a respirator. In
the United States Navy, that person is the designated
shipboard gas-free engineer. Certification in civilian settings
can be performed by an Entry Supervisor who, under OSHA
regulations, is designated by the employer and ensures that
the space is safe to enter and all hazards are controlled.
Oxygen concentration is considered safe if it is between 19.5%
and 23.5% of the total atmosphere. To protect against toxic
gases, contaminants have permissible exposure limits (PELs),
which are set by OSHA. Work also cannot continue if the
concentration of a material reaches or exceeds 10% of its lower
explosive limit.
In the United States, agricultural and construction operations
are exempted from regulations governing permit-required
confined spaces (which is specific to general industry), but
they are still required to identify and control confined space
hazards.
Injuries and fatalities
Even if a tank or similar vessel initially is tested and found to
contain breathable air, a hazard can develop during operations
inside the tank if residues inside the tank can release toxic gas
or vapor when disturbed or if accidentally ignited. Steel water
tanks may have dangerously low oxygen concentration when
the interior rusts.
Injuries and fatalities involving confined spaces are frequent
and often involve successive fatalities when would-be rescuers
succumb to the same problem as the initial victim.
Approximately 60% of fatalities involve would-be rescuers and
more than 30% of fatalities occur in a space that has been
tested and found to be safe to enter. One example was in 2006
at the decommissioned Sullivan Mine in British Columbia,
Canada when one initial victim and then three rescuers all died.
Accidents in confined spaces present unique challenges and
are often catastrophic, such as the Xcel Energy Cabin Creek
Fire in 2007.
6
.
In 1999, North West OHS released a study of confined space fatalities based on reports from the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA), National Institute of Occupational Safety Health (NIOSH) and the Mines Safety and Health
Administration (MHSA) with a breakdown of their causes. Researchers believe that the following numbers are only a fraction
of the fatal confined space accidents that actually occurred as many locations are not initially identified as confined space s,
OSHA reports did not include non-hazardous confined space fatalities in their studies prior to 1982, NIOSH still do not
include non-hazardous confined space fatalities in their studies and many American states do not note the presence of
confined spaces in fatality reports submitted to OSHA.
• Fire and Explosion (OSHA 1982a): 50 confined space incidents from 1974 to 1979 with 76 fatalities.
The majority of incidents were caused by worker error or faulty equipment.
• Lockout-tagout (OSHA 1982b): 83 confined space incidents from 1974 to 1980 with 83 fatalities.
This category covers conveyor belts and machinery on the factory floor etc. that are not generally considered confined
spaces, but which satisfy the criteria for a confined space.
• Grain Handling (OSHA 1983): 105 confined space incidents from 1977 to 1981 with 126 fatalities.
• Toxic and Asphyxiating Atmospheres (OSHA 1985): 122 confined space incidents from 1974 to 1982 with 173 fatalities.
• Welding and Cutting (OSHA 1988): 217 incidents from 1974 to 1985 with 262 fatalities.
OSHA reports of welding and cutting deaths do not record whether or not an incident has occurred in a confined space, it
is estimated that 22% of the incidents were in a confined space.
• Shipbuilding & Repair (OSHA 1990): 151 incidents from 1974 to 1984 with 176 fatalities.
OSHA reports of shipbuilding deaths do not record whether or not an incident has occurred in a confined space, it is
estimated that 36% of the incidents were in a confined space.
• Mining (MSHA Report 1988): 38 confined space incidents from 1980 to 1986 with 44 fatalities.
According to data collected by the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational
Injuries program, fatal injuries in confined spaces fluctuated from a low of 81 in 1998 to a high of 100 in 2000 during the f iveyear period, averaging 92 fatalities per year.
Rescue
Where a system of entry permits is in place, a rescue plan is required. It will list the personnel and equipment required to be
at the worksite before entry is allowed. Special equipment such as tripod hoists, harnesses, and others may be required to
extricate a worker from a toxic environment, without unduly endangering rescue personnel.
Sources info from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confined_space
7
by John R. Wilson(Editor), Sarah Sharples
Written by experts with real-world experience in applying ergonomics
methodology in a range of contexts, Evaluation of Human Work, Fourth
Edition explores ergonomics and human factors from a "doing it" perspective.
More than a cookbook of ergonomics methods, the book encourages students
to think about which methods they should apply, when, and why. Now in its
fourth edition, the editors have again brought together a team of worldrenowned experts and created a forum for them to discuss and debate their
most valued approaches.
See What’s New in the Fourth Edition:
• Significant change of authorship and content in each chapter
• Five new chapters covering inclusive design, situation awareness,
neuroergonomics, ergonomics and quality, and standards in ergonomics
design and evaluation
• Discussion of the idea of reflective practice and Ergonomics/Human Factors
• Examination of the systems perspective now prevalent in the field
• Coverage of new tools and the relationship between these physiologically
measured parameters and theoretical concepts such as workload, fatigue,
stress, or effort
In addition to being a foundational text, the book is an authoritative reference
for practising ergonomists. Completely revised and updated, this fourth
edition retains the features that have made the book a perennial favourite.
After reading each chapter you will feel as though you understand the context
of how to practise ergonomics and what aspects of method selection and
implementation you should consider. The book provides a guide to the
benefits ergonomics and human factors can offer industry, business, or human
service professionals.
8
Continue…
Editorial Reviews
Review
"From the first edition, this text was a ‘must have’; it still is.
Ergonomics/human factors (E, HF) addresses real problems in
the real world and its broad arsenal of methods and tools is
one of the strengths of the field. …This fourth edition
continues the same overall concept as the first, but has added a
number of new chapters and updated all existing ones. As
always, the chapter authors are experts in their area. The
emphasis on being up-to-date and authoritative makes the
book an essential source for anyone interested in the human –
system design and interaction."
―Professor Ann Williamson, University of New South Wales,
Australia
"… great book. If you liked the previous editions of the book,
then you will like this new fourth edition even better. The late
john Wilson and his colleague Sarah Sharples have done an
amazing job in pulling a group of international experts that
cover the range of human factors and ergonomics domains."
―Pascale Carayon, University of Wisconsin-Madison
About the Author
John R Wilson was Professor of Human Factors at the
University of Nottingham and also worked for many years
part time as a human factors specialist within Network Rail,
the UK rail infrastructure provider. He was both a
Chartered Psychologist and a Chartered Engineer, as well as
being a Fellow of the Institute of Ergonomics and Human
Factors (president in 2010-2011), member of the HFES and
Registered European Ergonomist. He was editor-in-chief of
Applied Ergonomics, in 1995 was awarded the Sir Frederic
Bartlett Medal of the Ergonomics Society for services to
international ergonomics teaching and research, and was
awarded the Distinguished Overseas Colleague Award of
the US Human Factors and Ergonomics Society in 2008. He
served for many years on the Council and the Executive of
the International Ergonomics Association.
Sarah Sharples
is a Professor of Human Factors at the University of
Nottingham. She leads a number of projects investigating
novel technologies in workplace contexts including
transport, manufacturing and healthcare, collaborating with
a wide range of industry and academic partners. She is a
Fellow of the Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors
and will be president of the institute in 2014-2015. She led
the Human Factors Research Group at the University of
Nottingham to the award of the President’s Medal from the
9
Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors in 2013.
Continue…
Product Details
Hardcover: 1031 pages
Publisher: CRC Press; 4 edition (April 16, 2015)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1466559616
ISBN-13: 978-1466559615
Product Dimensions: 3 x 7 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 4.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review: Be the first to review this item
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #2,110,360 in Books (See Top 100 in
Books)
#172in Books > Engineering & Transportation > Engineering >
Industrial, Manufacturing & Operational Systems > Ergonomics
Industrial, Manufacturing & Operational Systems > Health &
Safety
Industrial, Manufacturing & Operational Systems > Industrial
Design
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**Book for reference only : More details of this book, please refer NIOSH
Library and to browse list of collection please visit; http://www.niosh.com.my
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28 jan 2016 - National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

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