New Jersey - Our Lady of Sorrows School

Why is it important to study the early
people of New Jersey?
Begin with a Primary Source
Nomads arrive I
i
.I desire to enjoy it with your love and consent,
that we may always live together as neighbors and
friends ...
59
Native Americans and
European Settlers
s
Cause and Effect
Learning to find causes and effects can help you
understand what you read. See the diagram below.
Cause
Effect
a Sometimes writers use words such as because, so,
fherefore,and since to show cause and effect.
a A cause may have more than one effect. An effect may
have more than one cause.
e Sometimes a cause is not stated in the text. In that
case, ask yourself, '"Why might this have happen
Then, support your answer with in for ma ti^^ from
the text or with facts that you already know.
Read the paragraph at the
have
In Unit 1you read about Sir George Carteret and
his wife, Lady Elizabeth Carteret, :Etfe$@
~ f f l S W ~ o granted
rk
Carteret property!
in New Jersey. Therefore, Carteret and his wife
beca,
tha
h
Causes and Effects of European Exploration
In the 1400s European demand
for goods from Asia was high.
Because travel to Asia was long
and difficult, Asian goods were
expensive. Europeans wanted to
find an easy way to get to Asia.
Christopher Columbus thought
he could find a fast route to
Asia by sailing west from Europe
across the Atlantic Ocean.
Columbus set sail in 1492.
However, he did not reach Asia.
Instead, he reached an island in
the region of North and South
America. At that time most
people in Europe did not know
that these two continents existed.
During the next few years,
explorers that followed Columbus
found land the Europeans had
only dreamed about. Some of the
people living in North and South
America had vast treasures of
gold, silver, and jewels. Soon
Spain sent armies across the
ocean. These armies conquered
the native people and took their
treasures. As a result, Spain
became rich and powerful.
The English and Dutch saw
Spain's growing wealth. They
wanted to find treasures in the
Americas too. They also hoped
to find a shortcut to Asia. So
England and the Netherlands
began sending explorers and
settlers to North America.
Use the reading skill of identifying cause and effect to answer these questions.
Why did Europeans want to find an easy route to Asia?
@
What effect did Columbus's voyage have on native people in the Americas?
Why did the English and Dutch send explorers and settlers to North America?
A Land and Its People
is land long before it was
The earliest people left no written records. How do we know
where they came from and how they lived? We are able to learn
about their lives from objects they left behind and from legends
that passed from one generation to the next. There is much to
learn about the early people and history of the place we call New
Jersey. Learning about our past helps us understand more about
ourselves and our lives today.
2,000 years ago
\bout 20,000
1 +raveling
2'';
:!?zn
from Asia
I
4
'LACES :
Bering Strait
Asia
Delaware River valley
<
Â¥
.
.
I
I Iwhite-tailed deei
North America.
I About 10,000 to
12,000 years ago
Nomads arrive in
the area that is
now New Jersey.
1600s
The Lenni Lenape
live in three
groups within
New Jersey.
1
1
The First Settlers
Many scientists think that the first
people came to what is now New Jersey
more than ten thousand years ago. How
did the first New Jerseyans arrive here?
Look at the map on this page,
Around
20,000 years ago, this was dry land
that connected
and North America.
We call this narrow piece of land the
Bering Strait land bridge.
Some scientists think that herds of
animals wandered across this land
bridge and that people followed them.
These people who moved often to
search for food are callec
Over time, nomads spread out
all over North and South America.
Scientists have found stone tools,
clay pots, and other evidence that
vindicates that these people came
t o the New Jersey area about 10,000
t o 12,000 years ago.
In the land that is now New Jersey,
early people learned to use the rich
natural resources, such as clear water,
dense forests, and rich soil, that
.surrounded them. Some people began
t o oractice
or planting
1-
Nomads may have followed these routes.
7
- --
Where did the nomads'
routes begin?
and growing crops. By growing food
such as corn and squash, people did
not have to follow and hunt herds of
animals. They could also store some
food for later use.
With plentiful food, populations grew.
Groups of people began to settle
together in villages. In this way groups
of Native Americans, or American
Indians, formed in different areas.
4'A'J What factors helped change
the first New Jerseyans from nomads
to settled peep
The Original People
of New Jersey
Over time groups of people settled
in New Jersey. The Native Americans
of this area called themselves the
Lenni Lenape (LE nee lay nah PAY). The
name Lenni Lenape means "Ordinary
People," or "Original People." Their
language was part of the Algonquian
(a1 G A H N k e e uhn) language group.
Other Algonquian speakers at that
time called the Lenape "grandfathers,"
a term that showed respect. According
to many Algonquians, the Lenape were
the first people to settle in the area.
The Lenape homeland, called
Lenapehoking (lay nah PAY H A W K ins),
or "land of the Lenape," lay along the
It occupied
the areas that are now New Jersey,
Delaware, and eastern Pennsylvania.
During the 1600s three main groups
of the Lenape lived in what is now New
Jersey. Each group spoke a different
form of the Lenape language. The map
on this page shows the three main
groups of the Lenape. The Munsee, or
"people of the stony country," lived in
what is now northern New Jersey. Their
home was near the Delaware River,
where the states of Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, and New York now meet. The
symbol of the Munsee was the wolf.
Farther south lived the Unami,
known as the "people downriver."
.
Valley
,
b Many New Jersey place names come from
Each Lenape language group was found
in a different region of New Jersey.
Use a Map Key Which form of the
Lenape language was spoken In the northwestern
part of New Jersey?
Lenape words.
Vhlch New Jersey place name
means "Big Mountainw?
Look at the chart on page 66 to find
places in New Jersey that take their
names from Lenape words. Do you
recognize any of the place names in
the chart?
) : 1 4 ~ ~ 1Why
= i ~did
~ ~many
J
Algonquians
call the Lenape "grandfathers"?
@
' Cause and Effect
1 Summarize the Lesson
-
About 20,000 years ago People
began traveling from Asia to
North America.
I
About 10,000 to 12,000 years ago
Nomads arrived in the area that is
now New Jersey.
~ 1 6 0 0 sThe Lenni Lenape lived in
three groups within New Jersey.
REVIEW
3. How did the natural world of New Jersey
affect the lives of the first people
living there?
4. What were the three different groups
of Lenni Lenape living in what is now
New Jersey?
5. Critical Thinking: Apply Information
Which group of the Lenape lived in the
southernmost area of New Jersey, and
what was the symbol of their group?
Research Other Discoveries Scientists
have made discoveries about the Native
Americans who lived in New Jersey, including
those who lived at a site in Warren County.
Search the Internet and resources at your
local library to find out about this topic.
Â
1
PLACE
New Jersey region
PEOPLE
Chief Oratam
LynPerry
Samuel Atgall
Thomas West, Third Lord
DeLaWarr
VOCABULARY
culture
forage
TERMS
sachem
matrilineage
longhouse
manetuwak
Ohtas -
.
with deer hair. At the end of the game, the
hair will be taken out and the ball will be
saved for next season's games. You look around the playing field. Shou
--.-
If you were Lenape, your culture
would have centered around your family.
Groups of related people, or clans,
linked the different Lenape groups
together. Your mother would have
passed down her clan membership to
you. The system in which a mother's
family connections determine her
children's rights to using land and
gathering food is called
(ma truh LI nee ij). For example, a
Lenape mother could pass on
ownership of a family's house.
1
Nhat factor caused groups
of Lenape to be linked together?
?- ^use and Effect
Daily Life
Before the arrival of Europeans,
Lenape villages could consist of
several hundred people. If you had
lived in one of these villages, your
house would have been a wigwam or
s a large,
a longhouse. /
rectangular house built from thin tree
trunks, or saplings, and covered with
bark and grasses. Your family and
several other families could live in
these shelters, which could be more
than 100 feet long!
As a Lenape you would move
regularly, according to the seasons. In
spring you might live in a small hunting
camp. In summer you might move to a
small community near rich soil so that
your mother could plant crops. In
winter you would move back to the
village community.
70
Your clothing would have been very
different from what you wear now. As a
Lenape you would wear animal skins.
Women made clothing from deerskins,
which they decorated by paintin
and sewing on wampum, or
small beads made from
seashells. The beads were
used as decorations and
traded for goods. To stay
warm in the winter, you
would have worn leggings
as well as snowshoes.
Special clothing might
have included cloaks
made of turkey feathers
and garments
decorated with
porcupine quills.
Lenape held special ceremonies. During
these events the Lenape took part in
songs, prayers, and rituals. The Lenape
believed that all things contained a
(mah
living spirit called
NAY too wahk). People used prayers,
dreams, and visions to seek guidance
from the manetuwak.
The Doll Dance was, and still is
today, a special Lenape ceremony held
each year to ask for good health. Long
ago, the Lenape believed that a child's
cornhusk doll was found to have great
healing powers. To honor this spirit,
the Lenape carved
called
special wooden dolls and held yearly
dances. Later you will read about
and her dedication to
preserving this important ceremony.
:W I 41~1i
Describe a Lenape
longhouse.
letails
Farming, Foraging,
and Hunting
The Lenape farmed New Jersey's rich
soil, hunted the animals that lived in
its forests, and caught the fish
swimming in its waters.
Lenape women took charge of
farming. They planted large gardens to
grow squash, beans, sweet potatoes,
and corn. The Lenape also
or searched, for nuts, fruits, and
berries. In New Jersey strawberries
and cranberries supplied much food for
the Lenape. The Lenape dried many
of the foods they collected and grew.
Drying preserved the foods and
provided meals for winter.
The animals and fish native to
New Jersey were an important source
of food for the Lenape. Men hunted
year-round for their families, using
-
b Lenape hunters used arrowheads
to hunt deer and other animals.
bows, arrows, and traps
to catch a number of
different animals such
as deer, bear, otter,
and turkey.
New Jersey's rivers
are home to great
numbers of fish,
including striped bass,
sturgeon, and eels. Lenape
caught fish with nets, fish
traps, and bows and arrows.
In the spring and early summer, the
Lenape traveled to the ocean. There
they collected oysters, clams, and
other shellfish.
E
V
E What kinds of vegetables
did Lenape women grow?
Main Idea and D
:lc
A New Name
Today many people know the Lenape
by another name, the Delaware.
How did the Lenape get this name?
The word Delaware is not a Native
American name. The Lenape got
this name in 1610 when Captain
sailed into a bay and
named it for the first governor of
1
Virginia-Sir
Since that tin.- the
bay, the river, and the people who
originally lived along it have been
called "Delaware."
I
l;I^Jl:Vi!J What caused the Lenape
t o be known by a different name?
m1
Effc
Summarize the Lesson
Lord de la Warr was the first governor
of the Virginia colony.
Lenape leaders governed with the
help of their people.
The Lenape lived in longhouses
built from saplings and bark
or grass.
The Lenape held special ceremonies
to observe important occasions.
The Lenape grew crops, foraged for
food, and hunted game.
The Lenape became known as
the Delaware.
REVIEW
Check Facts and Main Ideas
-
?9
W
c t On a separate
sheet of paper, fill in the chart with the
missing causes.
Cause
Effect
9.
Describe how Lenape chiefs made
decisions.
How did men's and women's work differ
in Lenape villages?
How was the Lenape way of life based on
what nature gave-or did not give-them?
Critical Thinking: Main Idea and Details
What were some of the important
Lenape occasions and ceremonies?
Draw a Scene Using the information you
have read and seen in this lesson, draw a
scene of a Lenape village. Include people
going about their daily activities.
the Delaware.
eping Traditions Alive
s. She remembered Delaware traditions and continued
Lynette Perry grew up near Dewey, Oklahoma, listening
stories about her grandmother, Grandma Wahoney. A t
e 90 Grandma Wahoney adopted Lynette Perry's mother,
oebe Whiteturkey, and raised her to have respect for
cient Delaware traditions. One of those traditions was
e Delaware ceremonial doll. Grandma Wahoney, whose
r her ancient dolls by making them new clothes before
e special Doll Dance ceremony each spring. She was
Lynette Perry never knew Grandma Wahoney, but the
.stories of Ma Wah Taise and her dolls shaped Perry's view
of the world. As she grew older, she thought more about
'the dolls and their special place in Delaware life. Finally,
she made her own doll, shaping it to look like a
photograph of Grandma Wahoney and making its clothes
from one of her grandmother's dresses. She shared the
doll with her family and wrote a book about Grandma
Wahoney's story. In that way Perry recovered a tradition
that had passed away when her grandmother died.
Grandma Wahoney thought she would be the last
Keeper of the Delaware Dolls. However, Lynette
Perry's respect for ancient Delaware beliefs
~ e s e a r c hother
e
Lynette Perry holds the
doll she modeled after
Grandma Wahoney.
Use Map Scale and Inset Maps
What?
Maps show a large area in a small picture. A map's
scale shows the relationship between the size of the real area and
the size of the area on the map. It helps you determine the distance
between places and usually appears as a bar at the bottom of the
map. Find the scale on the map of northern New Jersey below. You
can see that on this map one inch represents 20 miles.
An inset map shows one area of a map in greater detail. Look at
the box that shows the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation
Area on the map below. This is an inset. It shows a small part of
New Jersey on a different scale. On this inset map, one-half inch
equals one mile. The inset map lets you see the southern end of
the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area in greater detail.
Northern New Jersev and Delaware Water Gan National Recreation Area
Use the scale on the inset map too.
You can see that the Kittatinny Point
Visitor Center is about a half mile from
the point where Route 80 crosses the
Delaware River.
@ What information does a map
scale give?
Q On which map would you find
Worthington State Forest?
@ Is the Kittatinny Point Visitor
Center in New jersey or
Pennsylvania?
About 20,000 years ago
People began traveling from
Nomads arrived in the
Chapter Summary
..-,
-Q
sheet of paper,
fill in the chart
with the missing
cause and effect.
Vocabulary
Match each word with the correct definition.
@
nomad (p. 65)
a. to search
agriculture
(P. 65)
b. way of living
culture (p. 69)
@
forage (p. 72)
E
z
I
Write at least one sentence about each
person or term listed below. Include details
you learned in this chapter.
I
I
sachem (p. 69)
f
c. planting and
growing crops
d. a person who
moves often to
search for food
1
@
Chief Oratam (p. 69)
@
matrilineage (p. 69)
longhouse (p. 70)
t
Q
manetuwak (p. 71)
Q
Ohtas (p. 71)
@
Samuel Argall (p. 73)
-
Thomas West, Third Lord
De La Warr (p. 73)
300s
e Lenni Lenape lived
three groups within
!w Jersey.
Annlv Skillo
Facts and Main Ideas
Use Map Scale and Inset Maps
Look at the maps on page 78. Use them to
answer the questions.
1I
About how far is it from Newark to the
area of inset?
i
I
i
-.
@
What is the scale of the inset map?
@
Which map provides greater detail?
r
Write About History
Write a menu for a Lenape meal.
Research some of the traditional
foods that Lenape families enjoyed.
Plan a meal consisting of a few
different foods.
I
z
I
1
@
Write and role-play a scene between
a Lenape sachem and his people as
they make an important decision.
@
Write a diary entry that Captain
Samuel Argall might have written
when he first saw the bay he named
"Delaware."
i
I
1I
i
i
I
^
Europeans in New Jerse
1
state called what they are? Names of places often come from the
names of people and events of long ago. Cape May was named
after a sailor who explored the southern part of the state. Bergen
County was named after a town settled by the Dutch. New Jersey
itself was named for the Island of Jersey in England. Names are
not the only signs of New Jersey's past. The people who lived
before us have shaped our lives.
1
nds of
Change
i-rance
Netherlands
Cape May
New Netherland
Bergen
New Sweden
Amsterdam
.
.
arm a Verrazano
y Hudson
rnelius Me]
ter Stuyvesant
n'n¥^r Nicolls
RarL-nlnvr
:pediti
peninsula
.
colony
su nder
'
iwest
isage
E a s ~India Company
NC
b Henry Hudson's ship the Half Moon
Exploring N e w Jersey
reached New York Bay too-85 years
later. During this 1
- r journey
for a special puroos Hudson was
sailing for the 1
Dutch trading company. His arrival
a claim in the
gave the
New World. In the 1620s the Dutch
named a
peninsula in southern New Jersey.
A [&is
a piece of land that is
almost surrounded by water. You now
know that peninsula ac
l:inm1]What caused many
European explorers to look for a sea
route to Asia through the Americas?
Cause and Effect
b New Netherland was a busy settlement in
the 1600s.
Settling In
After the arrival of Henry Hudson, the
Dutch began a booming fur trade in
the area h
t¡ called
This
or land that is ruled by
another country, was soon a place
where many other Dutch settlers
came. Eventually the Dutch founded
the city of
on the site of
present-day Jersey City.
The New Netherland colony was
successful. Settlers traded with the
Delaware for beaver, mink. and other
furs, offering goods such as blankets
and kettles in return. The colony
attracted people from many different
areas and religions, including people
of the Jewish faith and Quakers,
also known as the Religious Society
of Friends. ,
While the New Netherland colony
grew in the north,
grew
in the south. Swedish settlers built
homes on both sides of the Delaware
River. Present-day Salem is near a
site that the Swedish settlers called
Fort Elfsborg.
,
b New Netherland and New Sweden were the
earliest European settlements In the area
that is now New Jersey.
Name the bodies of
water that are closest t o New Netherland and to
New Sweden.
A new governc
(STEYE vuh sunt) arrived in the
settlement of
1647. Stuyvesant helped make the
colony of New Netherland successful,
but his rule was harsh. He became so
unpopular that people asked the Dutch
government t o make Stuyvesant
listen to their complaints.
1:147~
1 4 ~What
4
caused the people
in New Netherland to be unhappy
with Peter Stuyvesant?
S> Cause and Effect
I
A Transfer of Power
The settlers of New Netherland not
only had problems with Stuyvesant,
but they were also having trouble with
England. The English king, Charles 11,
believed that England had a right to
the wealthy New Netherland colony. He
gave this territory, located between the
English colonies of New England and
Virginia, to his brother, James, Duke
of York.
The New Netherland settlers did
not know about this transfer until
August 18,1664, when Colonel
I-ailed
1
an English fleet
into New Yor Bay. The fleet took
Governor Stuyvesant completely by
surprise, and he surrender or gave
up, 11days later.
The Duke of York granted the land
between the Hudson and Delaware
Rivers to Lord
and
Sir George Carteret. Because Carteret
had defended his homeland, the Island
of Jersey, during a war in England, the
colony was named "New Jersey."
:141~~*,4
What caused the Dutch to
give up control of New Netherland?
'@ Cause and Effect
I Summarize the Lesson
1524 Giovanni da Verrazano sailed
by the New Jersey area.
1600s The Dutch established the
colony of New Netherland.
1664 The English gained control of
New Netherland.
REVIEW
Check Facts and Main Ideas
1.
Cause and Effect On a separate
sheet of paper, fill in the chart with the
missing effects.
Cause
Stuyvesant's rule
Effect
2. Why did Europeans sail to the Americas?
3. What problems with leadership did
settlers of New Amsterdam encounter?
4. What are some of the causes and
effects of the transfer of New Jersey
from Dutch to English control?
5. Critical Thinking: Express Ideas How do
you think the New Netherland settlers
felt about living under English rule?
Write a Journal Entry Suppose that you are
a European explorer seeing the land of
New Jersey for the first time. Write a journal
entry describing your thoughts and feelings.
Identify Fact and Opinion
What?
A fact is something that can
be proved to be true. An opinion is a
person's belief or judgment. It cannot
be proved to be true or false.
Why? Understanding the difference
between fact and opinion helps you
know what is true about a subject. It
also helps you know how other people
feel about a subject. The paragraph
below uses facts and opinions to
describe how the English took control
of the Dutch colony of New Motherland.
In,1664 the English sailed a fleet into
New Ywk Bay. The Dutch settlers, who
were outnumbered by the English, chose
not to defend themselves. After Dutch
Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered,
Colonel Richard Nicolfs became the new
governor of New Netherland. Life was
HOW?To tell the difference between
fact and opinion, go back and reread
the paragraph. As you read ask
yourself, "What statements can be
proved to be true?" These statements
are facts. The first sentence of the
paragraph is a fact. Historical records
would show that this statement is true.
Now ask yourself, "What statements
cannot be proved to be either true
or false?" These statements are
opinions. Sometimes statements
of opinion begin with clues such
as / believe, I think or in my opinion.
Opinions are also signaled by words
such as wonderful, horrible, best,
and worst.
Find two facts in the
paragraph.
@ Find two opinions in the
paragraph.
What words signal the
opinions?
b Peter Stuyvesant
New Jersey and the Netherlands
Dutch Culture
NEWJERSEY,
NETHERLANDS
Many
- elements of Dutch culture remain alive in
New Jersey today. Steuben House in Bergen
County is one example. Built in 1752 this house
was renovated, or made like new again, and
opened as a public muse.um in 1939. It displays
examples of Bergen Dutch furniture and artifacts
dating back to 1680. Some New Jerseyans celebrate
their Dutch heritage with a holiday called Pinkster.
"Pinkster" is the Dutch word for "Pentecost," a Christian
holiday celebrated after Easter. The Pinkster spring
festival is celebrated with dance, music, and games.
the power of
A Territory Split
In 1676 Lord John Berkeley and
Sir George Carteret decided to divide
;he territory of New Jersey into two
sections: a western part and an eastern
$art.The map on this page shows thr
iivision 1
and
Berkeley received the western part
jf the colony. He sold this portion to
I
E Fenwick was part of a
droup of people who wanted to start
$Quakercolony in America. This
froup included the Quaker leader,
liam
enwick, Penn, and
ythers managed West Jersey and
nade plans to bring more colonists
:o the area. In 1677 two hundred
Quakerssailed up the Delaware River
:o their new homes in West Jersey.
Eager to start their new lives,
:he Quakers founded the town of
I ,,I Burlington and other
-ccommun~~tes,
Quakersestablished
'
means
religious tolerance.
fair treatment of people whose opinions
or ways differ from your own. Groups
; were allowed to practice different
1 religions in Burlington. In England the
r"
Quakers had refused to worship at the
state church. They also opposed war
and did not want to fight against others.
!rs belie
all pei3ple to be equal,
1 and they would not remove their hats as
a sign of respect to those in authority.
For all of these reasons, Quakers
or
experienced religious
- cruel treatment, and could not practice
their faith freely.
.
In 1676 Berkeley and Carteret divided
New Jersey into West Jersey and East Jersey.
..
Understand Borders Which r h r
forms a boundary between West Jersey And
Pennsylvania?
Before leaving England, Quaker
colonists signed a document called
' Laws, Concessions, and Agreements."
It described the new Quaker
government and stated that West
Jersey would have complete religious
freedom and trial by jury. All people
would be equally taxed, and they could
not be arrested without a reason. No
other colony stated the importance of
religious freedom so ~iainlv.
1Why did the Quakers
establish religious tolerance in
West Jersey? Draw Conclusions
b This painting shows early New England settlers going to church.
The English in East Jersey
East Jersey, still owned by
Sir George Carteret, was an English
colony. Its settlers included Puritans,
another religious group, who had
moved from New England and
Long Island. These East Jersey
settlers lived as they had in
New England. They built towns
and developed small farms around
them. In addition, many people from
Scotla'-l moved to East Jersey. In
1686
became the
capital of East Jersey. The name of
the territory's new capital reflected
not only its Scottish immigrants, but it
also represented the Native American
people who lived there. Perth is a city
in Scotland; Amboy is taken from a
Delaware word.
East Jersey did business with its
larger neighbor, New York. Concerned
about New York's economy, the governor
of New York, Sir
wanted to control trade from the busy
port of Perth Amboy. When this failed,
he claimed that New Jersey was part
of New York and said that East Jersey
should pay
colony from Europe. Governor Andros
even had the East Jersey governor,
Philip Carteret, arrested for not paying
these taxes. The king of England
decided that East Jersey should not
pay import duties and forced Andros
to return to England.
Why did Governor Andros
want East Jersey to pay taxes to
New York? .
i Idea and 1
A Unified Colony
The system of proprietorship, or
land ownership, begun by Lord John
Berkeley and Sir George Carteret was
1 not the best form of government for
West Jersey and East Jersey. In 1702
proprietors in West Jersey and East
Jersey returned control of the area
to the English crown.
The two colonies
became one again.
r
The English colony of New Jersey
was once again linked to its neighbor,
New York. New Jersey and New York
shared a governor for many years. Not
until 1738 did New Jersey have its own
governor, Lewis Morris.
l;l4'll4'i'4 What happened after
West Jersey and East Jersey were
reunited? Sequence
Summarize the Lesson
1676 New Jersey was divided into
I
West Jersey and East Jersey.
1702 New Jersey was united
once again.
b Lewis Morris
I
Check Facts and Main Ideas
--
k s e and Effect On a separate
sheet of paper, fill in the chart with
the missing effects.
Cause
Effect
2. Which group of people settled in
West Jersey?
3. Why was religious tolerance important
in West Jersey?
4. Which groups of people settled in
East Jersey?
5. Critical Thinking: Analyze Why might
having their own governor have been
important to colonists living in
New Jersey?
1 Draw a Poster Suppose that the Quakers
s have asked you to draw a poster to attract
colonists to West Jersey. Create a poster
using words and pictures to tell why
West Jersey is a good place to live.
168,
William Pen
signs a treaty wit
the Delawan
-
-4
Goldfinches dive from thetrees above and fly
over the wagon. Maybe they're hoping to find
a stray cranberry! The trip is easier-now that the old Delaware trail has been-widenedfor
wagons. You still take some lumps and bumps
along the way, though. - You'vemade this trip many times before, but it's always exciting. You've even traveled -.
*
all the way to New .York City to sell
goods fromyour family's farm! - --
I
^\et
5~..'
'
Cause and Effect As you read, look
for the effects of increased contact
between European settlers and
the Delaware.
I
*
The Delaware and the Europeans had different farming methods.
Two Views
The growth of the New Jersey colony
brought European settlers into closer
contact with the Delaware. Not only did
the Europeans and the Delaware look
different and speak different languages,
but they also had different ways of
living. For example, farming was an
important source of food for both
communities, but the Delaware did
not plant neat fields in the European
style, nor did they remove tree stumps.
They planted different types of crops
together. These farming methods may
have seemed strange to the Europeans,
but they worked well for the Delaware.
The two groups also differed in
religion. Many Europeans believed it
was their duty to teach Christianity to
the Delaware. The Delaware, however,
had their own beliefs and ceremonies
they wanted to continue to practice.
The Europeans also thought that the
Delaware should live in European-style
homes and towns, but the Delaware
preferred their own ways.
Despite differences with the
Delaware, New Jersey colonists worked
hard to make their own lives easier.
Settlers created roads for their wagons
and stagecoaches that allowed
farmers to take produce to the cities
of New York ana 1
Farmers found that their crops
could be more easily transported
if made into other products. For
example, colonial inventor
of Burlington
Township created a special machine
that made corn into cornmeal.
: I 4'il :t7i1l Compare and contrast the
farming methods of the European
settlers and the Delaware.
Compare and Contrast
Cultures Clash
Because European and Delaware
cultures were so different, they often
misunderstood one another. European
ideas about land and property were
very different from those of the
Delaware. The Delaware believed
that the land was a gift from their
Creator to be shared by all. However,
Europeans knew how scarce and
valuable land was in their own
countries. When they saw uncultivated
land, they wanted to own it.
The use of wampum, traditional
Delaware beads made of shells, was
another example of the differences
between the two cultures. The
Delaware had long used wampum for
important rituals and ceremonies.
When Europeans were introduced to
wampum, they used it as money,
exchanging it for goods.
European culture focused on gaining
goods and land. As William Penn
noted, Delaware culture was very
different. "They care for little because
they want but little," Penn wrote of the
Delaware in 1683. "We sweat and toil
to live; their pleasure feeds them."
Although the Delaware at first
welcomed Europeans, attacks by Native
Americans and early Dutch settlers set
off a long-lasting conflict between the
two cultures. After the English took over
New Netherland, they worked to make
peace with the Delaware. The Delaware
clashes with the English were less
violent than those with the Dutch, but
these conflicts continued to have a
negative effect on the lives of the
Europeans and the Delaware.
HOW did the Delaware idea
of land ownership differ from the
European idea? Compare and Contrast
-31 Roads
rs in the New Jersey col
d new roads wide enou
ese roads allow you
house in Burlington to
usin's house in Newark?
If you travel from Burlington
Shrewsbur~,which town could 3
pass through?
In which direction are you traveling i
you leave Shrewsbury and head towsa
erth Amboy?
an you use the roads to reach Nnwark?
Why or why not? 36
. -,
,
A Hope for Peace
The Quaker leader William Penn hoped
establish a colony in the Delaware
omeland. Unlike some Europeans,
enn believed that the Delaware were
e rightful owners of the land in
Jersey and Pennsylvania. In 1682
enn signed a famous
greement between na
Legend says that .
Penn and Tamanend signed the
treaty under a huge elm tree near the
Delaware River. This tree, called the
Shackamaxon Elm, was located just
north of Philadelphia. For more than
50 years, the Quakers and the Delaware
lived together in peace.
Like Penn, ,
1 believed
that Native Americans deserved
fair treatment. In 1763 Woolman
visited Native Americans in order to
understand their way of life. You will
read more about John Woolman and
his relationship with Native Americans
on oage 99.
-Â
EVIE
I Why did William Penn wish
to sign a treaty with Chief Tamanend?
Draw Conclusions
.
b Shackamaxon Elm
A Bad Bargain
In 1737 William Penn's sons claimed
that they had found a 1686 Delaware
treaty that sold them eastern
Pennsylvania lands. This treaty was
because
called thit gave Europeans as mucn land west
of the Delaware River and of the
as a person could
valk in a d and a half.
However, instead of
walking the distance,
Penn's sons hired the
fastest runners in the
colonv and cleared a
path for them to run.
'
a
b Chief Lappawinsoe was
one Delaware involved in
the Walking Purchase.
LESSON 3
REVIEW
Check Facts and Main Ideas
2
1
8
a
1. @ Cause and Effect On a separate
sheet of paper, fill in the chart with
the missing effects.
Cause
Effect
roads for their
crops into other
2. Why was farming important to both the
European settlers and the Delaware?
The fastest runner covered twice the
distance than the Delaware had
expected. This trick allowed the Penn
brothers to claim about 1,200 square
miles of land in Pennsylvania.
):I 41~141i1~
What caused the Penn
brothers to claim land in Pennsylvania?
*Q Cause and Effect
Summarize the Lesson
-1682 William Penn signed a treaty
with the Delaware.
L 1 7 ~ Delaware
~ s
and European
cultures interacted.
-1737 The Walking Purchase gave
Europeans Delaware land.
I
The Dutch establi
r
Chapter Summary
Cause
J;auseand Effect
Effect
Explorers travel t
North America.
On a separate sheet
of paper, fill in the
chart with the
missing cause
and effect.
It is difficult to
People and Terms
e
Complete each sentence with the correct
word listed below.
peninsula (p. 85)
persecution (p, 91)
colony (p. 86)
treaty (P. 97)
Cape May Is on a
'
Land ruled by another country
with
@ Another word for cruel treatment
is
Richard Nicolls (p. 87)
1John Berkeley (p. 87)
William Penn (p. 91)
is a
William Penn signed a
the Delaware.
Northwest Passage (p. 85)
Henry Hudson (p. 85)
.
Quakers built their communities on
the idea of religious
@
Write a sentence about each person or
term listed below. You may use more tl
one item in a single sentence.
Giovanni da Verrazano (p. 85)
tolerance (p. 91)
@
7
0 Import duties (p. 92)
Chief Tamanend (p. 97)
John Woolman (p. 97)
Walking Purchase (p. 98)
I
lew Jersey
divided into
test Jersey was
and
1 1
William Penn
signed a treaty
with the
1
New Jersey
was united
once again.
Delaware
and Europea
cultures
r
The Walking Purchase gave
Europeans Delaware land.
L
Write About Historv
Write an advertisement that urges
people to move to East Jersey.
Write a letter to Quakers in England,
describing life in the West Jersey
colony.
What country took control of the
New Netherland colony in 1664?
Write a "What If" story about what
might have happened if Europeans
had never arrived in New Jersey.
Time Line How many years passed
between the division of the New
Jersey colony into West and East and
the uniting of the colony?
Main Idea Why was it important for
explorers to find a shortcut to Asia?
Main Idea Why did the Quakers come
to the New Jersey area?
Main Idea How did William Penn's
treatment of the Delaware differ from
that of many other Europeans?
Critical Thinking: Make
Inferences How do
you think the Walking
Purchase had a
lasting impact
on the Delaware?
4
Identify Fact and Opinion
Read the passage below. Then answer
the questions.
The Delaware were a highly advanced
people who adapted to life in an area
that included mountain, ocean, and
river habitats. They hunted and fished,
planted gardens, and gathered nuts
and berries. They developed a network
of paths throughout the New Jersey
region. These examples show that the
culture of the Delaware was far more
developed than that of other Native
Americans in the area.
@
Give two facts from this passage*
Give two opinions from this passage.
@ Why is it important to know how t o
separate fact from opinion?
I
Find key words in the text.
" *
Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow.
Some scientists think that the first
people in New Jersey were nomads
who traveled from place to place.
Over time, these people formed
settled groups. In the 1600s Native
Americans living in the New Jersey
area called themselves the ~ e n n i
Lenape. They spoke three different
forms of the same languageMunsee, Unami, and Unalactigo.
The word nomad means
A Lenni Lenape.
B person who speaks Munsee.
C person who moves often to search
for food.
D settler.
I
According to the passage, in what
area did the Lenape people live?
A They lived in Europe.
B They lived in the Netherlands.
C They lived in New York.
D They lived in New Jersey.
During this time Europeans were
beginning to see North America
as a possible source of wealth. In
the 1600s the Dutch formed a
c o o n called New Netherland. This
settlement attracted many different
groups of people. Settlers traveled
to New Netherland to trade with the
Lenape for animal furs.
@ Which of the following was not
a language form of the Lenape?
A Tamanend
B Unami
C Unalactigo
D Munsee
The word colonv means
A land ruled by another country.
B a small country.
C a new country.
D a land shared between
two countries.
People and Terms
March each person and term with its
definition.
sachem (p. 69)
a. chief
Q
Chief Oratam
(P. 69)
b. taxes
Q
longhouse
(P. 70)
Henry Hudson
(P. 85)
John Berkeley
(P. 87)
import duties
(P.92)
Use Map Scale and Inset Maps Look at the
maps on page 78. Use them to answer
What is the scale of the larger map?
c. English explorer
who reached
New York Bay
d. Delaware leader
e. a large,
rectangular house
built from saplings
and covered with
bark and grasses
f. proprietor of
New Jersey
Write and Share
ent a Guided Tour With classmaies,
two groups to plan two guided tours of
arly New Jersey. One group will write and
resent a tour of a Delaware village. The
ther group will write and present a tour of
colonial community in New Jersey. Groups
ay choose different guides to present
ifferent parts of the tour. Classmates not
resenting will be "tourists." They can
repare questions for the tour guides.
Look for these books in the library.
Life was
cl
early L-roi
settlers, as well as for Native American
groups who had lived in New Jersey for
undreds of years. Mak
bout their experiences.
I
-
group and chc e Native
an settlers who settled in
-
ces and o b s e r ~ a + ~ ~ ~
variety of topics.
rama or model to show the environm~nt
s. Include where they lived, other It"".
ora
I or
-