ISOB Newsletter No. 4 - Incorporated Society of Organ Builders

The Organ Grinder.
T HE I NCORPORATED S OCIETY
O F O RGAN B UILDERS
S UMMER 2014
NEWSLET TER
N O. 4
THE I.S.O.B. WAS FOUNDED IN 1947
•
TO ADVANCE THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF ORGAN BUILDING.
Never hold discussions with the monkey
•
TO PROVIDE A CENTRAL ORGANIZATION FOR ORGAN BUILDERS.
When the organ grinder
•
TO PROVIDE FOR THE BETTER DEFINITION AND PROTECTION OF
THE PROFESSION BY THE SYSTEM OF EXAMINATIONS AND THE ISSUE
OF CERTIFICATES AND DISTINCTIONS.
Is in the room.
Winston Churchill.
•
REGULAR MEETINGS ARE HELD THROUGHOUT THE UNITED KINGDOM.
NEWSLETTER
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T HE I NCORPORATED S OCIETY O F O RGAN
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Audsley`s Poem.
The Incorporated Society of Organ Builders.
President:
The Organ, grandest instrument the hand
Robert G. Ince.
Of man has placed in Music`s galaxy;
Vice-President:
In which all Nature`s wondrous sounds are linked
Anthony K. Bishop.
In golden chains of countless harmonies.
Secretary:
~
Vacant.
Treasurer:
Responsive to the touch of man`s weak hands
As if a giant`s fingers swept its keys
Maurice W. Eglinton.
And called concordant voices from the depths,
+++
The diapason of the storm-struck sea.
Website:
~
Www.isob.co.uk
The thunder`s peal, the wind`s wild whistling wail,
+++
Editor:
The songs of swift-winged warblers in the air,
Michael Macdonald.
And the soft sighing of the ambient breeze
“Dunconin”,
Temple of Tone art thou! The shrine supreme.
39, Rockall Drive,
~
Simshill,
Of sound`s mysterious powers and richest gifts,
Glasgow, G44 5ES.
E.Mail: [email protected]
God-given thought alone could have inspired
The human mind to frame so grand a work;
Great Organ, Monarch of all instruments.
~
P AGE 22
NEWSLETTER
T HE I NCORPORATED S OCIETY O F O RGAN
B UILDERS
Two fragments of letters by Audsley used as bookmarks.
(1)
“Doorstep for the past six weeks. I am getting better slowly, but at my time of
life things go slowly, so I must have patience and be thankful for small mercies. I have to
be thankful indeed that my illness did neither cripple my brain nor my hands. In fact the
work I am now engaged upon is about as exacting as any I have essayed re the organ. My
system of organ appointment is now being recognized, and my position as organ architect
is recognised also. I am now acting in that capacity for two important organs, and others
are pending”.
(2)
“I hope you find your new cure agreeable in every respect and your surroundings
are pleasant. You do not seem far from Gloucester Cathedral with its wonderful cloister. I
was there photographing in 1914 for a large work which the War stopped. Never to be
published now I fear”.
A Letter from his Son to the Rev. Andrew Freeman.
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Inside This Issue.
Article.
Page.
President`s Page.
4.
The Anti-Concussion Valve. (Daniel Spencer)
5.
Autumn Conference 2013 Report. (The Editor)
8.
Rising Damp. (R.G.Ince)
14.
Organ Oddity.
17.
Competition Page.
18.
George Ashdown Audsley. (Diapason)
20.
The Organ Grinder.
24.
Anecdotal Factoids.
The tuning fork, originally called the pitch fork, was invented by
John Shore, who was a Royal Trumpeter in 1711 and a Lutist in the
Royal Chapel. No marble is dedicated to his name and no statue has
been set up in his honour. His only epitaph—He died deranged in
1753.
+++
“Until biographies be written and these letters published, my friends
cannot know why I fail to hold the place I had gained as leader of the world
of organ-building”
Robert Hope-Jones, 1913.
NEWSLETTER
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T HE I NCORPORATED S OCIETY
B UILDERS .
As I write this, news has just came through of the washout at Dawlish, beneath
the main railway line. The gales and flooding in the South are indeed terrible,
but the loss of such a valuable link only goes to show the folly of closing some of
the other inland routes to which traffic could have been diverted. Its speedy
reinstatement will be awaited by all.
No doubt, there have been organs damaged by flooding in this deluge, and the
three odd letters included in this newsletter, were “created” in order to test out
the features on a new printer.
The photograph adjacent is of
the little organ at Titchwell in
Norfolk, and could be more
aptly entitled “How to toast the
organist`s knees”. This is an
instrument that I described in
the second newsletter, and is an
example of “if we put them
there they will be out of the
way”.
Remember, if you have news
items, or can write an article
about your experience in the
trade that may be of interest to
the rest of us, please forward
them to our editor, and he will
include them in a future issue.
Happy reading,
Bob Ince.
O RGAN
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Copy of a letter to the Rev. J.H.Burns.
President`s Page.
Welcome to newsletter number four, Michael having been busy on our behalf.
In these days when “flexible” winding has become the norm in some quarters,
Daniel Spencer`s article makes for interesting reading, as does the editors report
on the Glasgow meeting. He has omitted the visit that some members made on
Sunday, to the Kelvingrove museum, and I hope that Steve Lemmings took
some photos there for future publication.
OF
22nd November 1921.
Rev. J.H.Burn, B.D.
Whatfield Rectory,
Ipswich, England.
Rev. and dear Sir,
I must humbly apologies for so long neglecting to acknowledge and thank you
for your esteemed communications, and particularly for your valuable “Bibliography of the
Organ”; the receipt of which naturally led me to go over the contents of my library of
works relating to the organ. On doing so I found that I possess certain small works that do
not appear in your extensive list. Such being the case, I beg to hand you herewith the
particulars of the same, hoping they may be of interest to you.
I greatly regret I had not the pleasure of knowing you while I was in England
from 1910 to 1915, for I certainly should have made a pilgrimage to your rectory, and
sat a while at your foot-stool. I was moving about the country, photographing for my
large work “The Cyclopedia of English Pointed Architecture”, which was stopped, just as it
was going to press, by the War.
I hope you will pardon my want of courtesy, and accept my thanks,
I remain, respectfully yours,
A scan of Audsley`s signature.
NEWSLETTER
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George Ashdown Audsley.
I would think that many organ builders will have at
least one of Audsley`s books on organ building, and
if not they would certainly have known of him.
He was a native of Scotland, having been born in
Elgin on the 6th September, 1838. Educated for the
profession of an architect, he became interested at a
very early age in organs and organ building, and
carried out a great deal of experimental work.
He went to the United States in 1892, and spent the
remainder of his life there. He wrote on a variety of
subjects, mainly artistic. His twenty-seven books
included three on organ building “The Art of Organ
Building” “The Organ of the 20th Century” and
“Organ Stops and their artistic registration”.
He died at his home in Bloomfield, New Jersey, on the 21st June, 1925. When
the end came he was engaged in completing his last volume, “The Temple of
Tone”.
In a book which originally belonged to the Rev. Andrew Freeman and is now in
my collection, there were some letters and fragments of letters that I thought
may be of some interest, together with one of Audsley`s poems.
Audsley` Handwriting.
(Which I think is rather wonderful for a man in his 80s)
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The Anti Concussion Valve.
During the first half of the 19th century, the pipe organ was something quite
different to the instruments constructed today. Almost two centuries worth of
ingenuity and invention driven by desire and necessity have provided us with a
wonderful rich heritage full of curiosities and marvels.
During the 1820s James Chapman Bishop was troubled by the unbidden evil of
“unsteady wind.” To combat the problem Bishop employed a simple ingenious
contraption, “The Anti-Concussion Valve.” This revolution in organ building
enabled organ builders to reduce the problems caused by over and under compression of the wind. This undulation in the wind supply generally caused either
at the source by the blowing apparatus or by the un-even distribution of the
wind in the wind-chest during playing, causes the speech of the pipes to be affected, these surges or undulations, audible when playing the organ, sometimes
minor but often extreme, especially with modern heavier pressures, are usually
undesirable to the performer and audience alike. As far as can be ascertained,
the first practical application of the new device was at St Paul`s cathedral in or
around 1826.
The device consists of a board and either six or eight ribs forming either a small
wedge or square drop bellows reservoir respectively. This apparatus is then
fixed over and around a hole either on the wind trunk or the wind-chest itself. A
spring is then fixed between a rail and the board of the valve. The spring is then
so adjusted that it precisely balances the ordinary pressure of the compressed
wind against the inside of the board. When the organ is blown or switched on
and the `wind is in`, the Anti-Concussion valve is immediately charged and expands against the spring until the pressure expended by the wind exactly
matches that of the spring.
If any jerking in the wind supply should occur, the anti-concussion valve should
take up any slack in the wind or suppress any surges in the same. During any
period where there is over compression of the wind, normally caused by a sudden reduction in the consumption of wind or bouncing of the bellows reservoirs, then the spring will give way in relation to this and the valve will open
further. In doing this the wind is allowed to expand and thus the compressive
action is reduced and its density falls to the normal amount, as a result any extra
strength is dissipated instead of being applied to the speech of the pipes.
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NEWSLETTER
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If under compression should occur due to a sudden demand in wind or a
fall in the supply volume then the spring is caused to expand, collapsing
the valve towards the closed position and in turn forcing the wind inside
the device back into the wind supply to replace the deficit.
His remaining time in the U.K. was plagued with disputes, court cases, shortage
of cash and even a strike in his factory in Birkenhead when he employed cheap
female labour to bring down labour costs. Eventually resulting in him fleeing to
America in 1903 to escape the debt and possibly the jail. He had such a success
in America, that it took American Organ Builders over fifty years to recover.
All too often, Anti-Concussion Valves are rendered useless because they
are incorrectly arranged; there is danger here that the action of the valve
on the wind will cause more unsteadiness than would be present in the
devices absence. It is vitally important that the following points are observed at all times.
He was certainly not a business man and was incapable of keeping costs down
due to him changing specifications and designs while the instruments were being
constructed, after the cost had already been set with the client. The deluge of
letters from attorneys and his employer (Wurlitzer) resulting in him taking his
own life on the 12th September 1914. The coroner`s verdict was suicide while
insane. The method of ending his life exhibited the same ingenuity that marked
his work in designing new ways of building organs.
1.
2.
3.
The Anti-Concussion should be fitted as close to the wind-chest
as possible when fitted on the wind trunk. (It is worth noting that
the treble pipes are easily affected by undulations and that if the
valve is close to them, say on the underside of a soundboard, this
may be advantageous.)
The Springs must be properly adjusted so that the valve is on balance. (To test the balance see that the valve is not too far open or
closed and that it can easily move equally in either direction.)
Check that the springs are not obstructed and do not rub on any
other parts as they may squeak when they move.
Moving away from the last competition page. Lets see how you get on with this
one. Not too much help, but I will say he was born on the 7th February 1884 in
Sheffield and the picture below was taken in 1934.
The following is worth consideration here.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The frame of a square drop bellows has to move less distance
than a wedge bellows to expel the same amount of wind.
As a spring expands the energy stored reduces and thus the force
applied falls.
Due to the small amount that the material is required to give to
do the same amount of work, coil springs can be prone to bouncing. This action can be the same if a leg spring has excessively
long legs or is of a soft material.
The larger the internal area of the Anti-Concussion Valve the
more it can deal with. If the valve slams shut when in use it may
be too small.
.
NEWSLETTER
P AGE 18
Competition Page.
In Newsletter No 3 the photograph was of course
Robert Hope-Jones. An unfortunate man in many
ways. He Started his working life as a telephone engineer being appointed the Chief Electrician of the
Liverpool district in 1889.
A keen organist he worked with several local firms
eventually rebuilding his first instrument at St John`s
Birkenhead with his own electric mechanism. The
Musical Opinion of 1891 did contain an article on
this instrument which said that it attracted over
2,000 curious organists.
The painting below, hung in the boardroom of Walker`s Ruislip factory, with
Hope-Jones playing the organ and the console outside on the step at the front
door. There was a story that Henry Willis had said “he had to play it outside, the
noise is too terrible inside”
The fame that became attached to this organ began a lengthy dispute between
Hope Jones and Thomas Casson who claimed that Hope Jones had pirated the
action from his organ at St Mary`s Church in Denbigh, Wales.
The most important Hope Jones installation in Scotland was that in the McEwan
Hall of the University of Edinburgh in 1897. The work is considered by many to
be the ultimate exercise in how to place an organ in a room with no space for
one. This proved to be his last major work because of economic troubles.
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The use of this method is all too often abandoned for ease or due to the
ignorance of its benefit, indeed in recent times it has been suggested that
it is un-natural to interfere with the wind in this manner and it should be
avoided. It is not beyond imagination that organ builders have supported
this notion because it is most expedient.
There is no way around the fact that the foundation of any pipe`s speech
begins with its supply of wind, it is logical therefore that we persevere
in the supply of good steady wind.
It was once important that the `blower` was skilled in the use of his
feeders and surely it is now important that we are skilled in `smoothing`
our wind supplies.
Daniel Spencer,
London.
“How did it go Marm ?”
“Oh, All right, why do you ask?”
“Well Marm, to tell the truth, I was a bit nervous about it.
You see, Marm, I`ve never blown for that piece afore!”
Tom Browne.
NEWSLETTER
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Autumn Conference 2013.
T HE I NCORPORATED S OCIETY
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Organ Oddity
It was an absolute delight to warmly welcome the 26 brave souls, who despite
stories in the early 50`s of the so called “Teddy Boys” were not afraid to come to
Glasgow, Scotland`s largest city, on what may be the last opportunity to visit
Scotland without a passport. Glasgow is now renowned for its culture, a vibrant
nightlife, fantastic shopping and a diverse array of restaurants and bars.
Glasgow enjoys a year round arts scene that regularly produces cutting edge
productions and attracts high profile exhibitions which led to the city being
crowned The European City of Culture in 1990. The city centre has countless
impressive Victorian structures and was awarded the UK`s City of Architecture
in 1999. There are unique masterpieces by one of the city`s most celebrated
sons, the legendary architect and designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh.
It is my sincere wish that those that attended enjoyed their trip, and will come
back again with their friends with more time to fully explore this fantastic city,
the award winning Kelvingrove Museum, Riverside transport Museum and
many others which all have free entry. There are numerous parks and gardens,
so much so, that Glasgow is called “The Dear Green Place”.
Our hotel for the weekend was the “Pond Hotel” on the West side of the city
centre. A pleasant modern hotel where we found the accommodation, service
and food to be satisfactory.
On the Saturday morning our coach for the day departed the hotel promptly at
9.30.a.m for the 30 minute Journey to Pollokshaws Burgh Halls with its Cinema
organ
The above engraving is a facsimile of a picture in a breviary MS. Of the fifteenth
century. The ancestors of Jesus Christ are represented with some instruments of
music, and forming a celestial concert. In the picture this instrument was being
used by a king with a Priest on the feeders.
This mighty Wurlitzer was originally installed in the Ritz Cinema Stockport, as
a three manual eight rank instrument. The Scottish Cinema Organ Trust
(SCOT) installed it at Clydebank Town Hall where it was given a Civic Opening
in 1998.
There are several drawings of these instruments, mostly from Saxony, one keyboard or clavier with normally only two octaves, although it would appear
above that there are 35 pipes.
Unfortunately, after repeated damage by flooding from the River Clyde, it was
removed from the Town Hall. Since then extensive repairs and restoration work
has been carried out by a talented and dedicated team of “Scot” members and the
instrument was installed in Pollokshaws Burgh Halls in 2008. The specification
has been continually added to over the years and now has a quite frightening 21
ranks of pipework with even more in the planning. The pipe chamber is on the
back gallery with the console on the stage at the front.
The keys were several inches wide (no semitones) and were pressed down one
at a time, a heavy action which required no little weight to play a note, hence
the original title of the performer was `organ beater`.
The shape of the key was not square or oblong, but rounded at the
outer end, with a contracted neck as per the drawing shown here. It
would appear the instrument was only used as a guide for singing and
not as a solo instrument.
NEWSLETTER
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Amos Sludge, R.E.M.E.
The Hordoesntit Organ Works,
Palletleaks, Little Whimpering,
Hmmmmmmm.
Re: St Peter`s Church, Hydraulic.
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The halls have been described as the “Stateliest and most conspicuous building in
Pollokshaws” (hardly surprising when most of the other buildings date from the
50s-60s, Concrete Jungle springs to mind), however this interesting building
does provide a grand atmospheric setting for the regular tea dances and monthly
recitals. You can even watch a Silent Movie, while enjoying eating an ice cream
and listening the one and only Scottish Wurlitzer.
Dear Mr Sludge,
I write to you in despair! Since our last communication, we
have received a visit from two people representing a society called BIAS,(I may
have got this wrong) These two informed me that the organ contained much
historic pipework which must be saved at all costs. When I asked them where
the money was to come from to accomplish this they could not answer, except
to say that the organ should have been listed, when various grants might have
been available!
As the organ had been completely rebuilt by your firm they
were not prepared to list it as it was not in its original condition. The stupidity
of this situation appeared to escape them, and my curate chided them over their
childishness in supposing such.
When I told them that the church faced demolition they were
horrified, even more so when they were made aware of your scheme to reuse
the best of the pipework etc., to provide a smaller instrument for our daughter
church. I was forcefully told that you are not a member of the correct organization! Who are these people and what are their powers? Do they come from
Brussells?
In light of the above, please proceed to remove the organ at
once, in case any more of these types turn up. Demolition of the church will
commence in three weeks time. Looking forward to seeing you,
Yours sincerely,
Reverend L. Raiser.
Duncan Sinclair demonstrated the instrument after which the delegates had the
opportunity of looking inside the pipe chamber and the blowing room. The stool
was offered to any who wished to have a go, unfortunately this was declined by
all.
At 11a.m we boarded the coach for the short journey to Sherbrook St Gilbert`s
in Pollokshields, a very similar named venue to the previous one at Pollokshaws,
but no concrete jungle here.
The lovely building was unfortunately ravaged by a disastrous fire in 1994 which
started in the roof. When the fire took hold the beams blazed, the stone spalled,
the roof collapsed and the splendid turn of the century stained glass shattered
and fell into puddles of molten lead and solder.
The Congregation wasted no time in initiating a reconstruction programme
which involved almost the complete rebuilding of the Victorian Church. The
structure is largely as the original, although to modern standards and services.
Internally, the lost pews have been replaced with chairs, the communion table is
modular and the pulpit is moveable to allow greater flexibility of use.
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NEWSLETTER
The opportunity was also taken to commission a new Three Manual Pipe organ
with 34 stops from Lammermuir Organs. The opening recital in 1997 by Dr.
John Kitchen has been recorded on CD, which is available from Lammermuir
Pipe Organs.
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Amos Sludge, R.E.M.E.
The Hordoesnit Organ Works,
Palletleaks, Little Whimpering,
Hummmmmmm.
Dear Sir,
In regard to your previous letter, the organ is the least of our difficulties at present; The nave is still under six feet of water, the pulpit, chairs and
many pews are floating about, an aqualung had to be used to access the vestry in
order to rescue the curates car keys, etc. etc. The lectern was knocked over by
the altar table, and whilst falling broke through a cast iron grill and fractured
two large hot water pipes adding to the flooding.
There have now been three attempts at curing the broken drains. As
you know, the church is at the bottom of a steep hill, and on their last visit the
water board lost a JCB in the hole that they had earlier created. (It might also
interest you to know that at least half of the graveyard has vanished down this
hole.)
As to the organ, we will certainly be pursuing a claim, but I have been
told on good authority that the church may be pulled down, and the rubble used
to fill the hole!
In this event you will certainly be asked to quote for the rescue & reinstatement of as much as is reusable of the present organ in the new church.
Until then, I remain,
Yours sincerely,
The Minister, the Rev. Tom Pollok welcomed us into the building and gave a
short history of the building and the Kirk. The Church organist was unable to
attend but we were given a very good performance on the organ by Mr Derek
Boyd which showed the instrument to be in very fine voice indeed.
The organ was then opened for us and the delegates (many of which would
never have seen an instrument by a Scottish builder) took the opportunity of
examining the organ interior in great detail.
Then it was off on our coach again for an even shorter journey to the Burrell
Museum where we were due for lunch.
Revd. L. Raiser.
NEWSLETTER
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Rising Damp.
(With apologies to those who may have suffered from the recent dreadful flooding)
The Reverend L. Raiser,
Saint Peter`s Vicarage,
St Peter`s Drive,
Hydraulic, Damphloor.
Wales.
April, 8th 2014.
St Peter`s Church, Hydraulic.
Dear Sir,
When our representative called to tune the organ in the above Church,
he was unable to reach the instrument, owing to the six feet of water swirling
down the nave. Fortunately, the organ is positioned in the west gallery, but he
was saddened to hear (as indeed were we) that the wind had been switched on
that morning.
This is a disaster beyond all measure, as the blower intake is situated
adjacent to the gallery door, and was therefore below the water level. Indeed,
water was seen to be draining from the gallery edge, proving beyond doubt that
the organ has been affected.
In the heart of Pollok Country Park, this award-winning building houses a
unique collection in a beautiful woodland setting. The collection is named after
its donor, the shipping magnet, Sir William Burrell. It is considered to be one of
the greatest collections ever created by one person, comprising over Eight
Thousand objects.
After lunch we departed for our final instrument of the day situated only twelve
miles away in Paisley Abbey.
Naturally, we will arrange to visit, and report upon the situation once
the broken sewers have been repaired.
An insurance claim will no doubt be entered into and we await your
instructions over this matter,
Yours faithfully,
Amos Sludge—R.E.M.E.
The Abbey today stands restored in an attractive setting. Within the building is
the memorial to Marjory Bruce, daughter of King Robert the Bruce and mother
of King Robert the second, the first of the Stewart Kings. 2013 marked the
850th anniversary of the Church.
NEWSLETTER
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The Organ.
In 1872 Aristide Cavaille-Coll built a 2 manual organ in the nave. In 1928, when
the quire of the abbey was restored, the organ was rebuilt and enlarged by Hill,
Norman & Beard and installed in a large chamber on the south side. There were
four manuals and 65 stops; all of the Cavaille-Coll pipework was retained,
though with some changes in its character. The organ case was designed by Sir
Robert Lorimer.
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In 1968 the organ was rebuilt by J.W.Walker with a completely new tonal
structure, planned by Ralph Downes in association with the Abbey organist Dr
George McPhee. Once again the Cavaille-Coll pipework was retained, the reeds
regaining much of their original quality. Three of the manual departments are
arranged vertically behind the quire case, with the Swell at the top, then the
Positive, and the Great at the lower level; the Bombarde speaks westwards into
the south transept. The console is in the south choir stalls.
The organ was restored by Harrison & Harrison in 2009. A new wind system
was provided, with traditional reservoirs replacing the wind regulators. The
organ`s musical character was fully preserved, and a 32ft reed was added.
The organist Professor George McPhee demonstrated every part of the organ in
very great detail followed by a wonderful finale to end our organ crawl. Access
to see inside the instrument is via an almost vertical ladder and the chamber is
very tight for space which was considered too dangerous to allow members to
go into the organ loft.
George did however offer the console to anybody who would like to take the
opportunity to play, and if I recall it was a visitor who took up the offer. Our
party then adjourned to the Abbey Shop where George`s dear wife had arranged
coffee or tea for all.
We had hoped to have had time to visit the new 3/41 Instrument constructed
by Orgelbau Koegler, Linz, Austria in the Barony Hall, Glasgow in 2009, but
unfortunately the venue was booked for a wedding which took priority. So it
was a 20 minute journey on the motorway back to our hotel in plenty of time to
get ready for the General Meeting of the Society.
I would like to take this opportunity of thanking everybody who attended, for
some it was a very long way to come (especially those who had problems with
their health earlier in the year)
Suffice it for me to say, that I enjoyed seeing everybody again and I am greatly
relieved that everything went as planned.
Hopefully our members (and their Ladies) enjoyed their trip to Glasgow. There
are so many interesting things to do and see that I hope you will come back again
and take some time to explore this City in full. More importantly, you will tell
others what they missed, and we will see them all again at our Autumn meeting
in Yorkshire with increased numbers.