Unit 6 - Activities - Guided Readings - Elementary

Chapter 12
The Young United States
Name ___________________________________________
Lesson 1 - Why did people move west?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Pioneer
Daniel Boone
John Findley
Lesson 2 – What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase in the territorial
expansion of the United States?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Louisiana Purchase
Benjamin Banneker
Pierre L’Enfant
Thomas Jefferson
Napoleon Bonaparte
Meriwether Lewis
William Clark
Sacajawea
York
1
Skills Lesson - How do I compare and contrast two different kinds of maps?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Political Map
Lesson 3 – What were the causes of the War of 1812?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Neutral
War Hawks
War of 1812
Battle of New Orleans
Era of Good Feelings
Monroe Doctrine
James Madison
Tecumseh
Henry Clay
Oliver H. Perry
Andrew Jackson
Dolley Madison
Francis Scott Key
James Monroe
Absalom Jones
2
Name:
Date:
~:
.~~
\.
Wesl of lhe Appalachians
Use the map to help you complete the actiyity. For additional help,
refer to pages 346 to 349 in your textbook.
1. Which mountain range did pioneers
cross in search of land out west?
4. How did trailblazers help make
westward travel easier for pioneers?
Labelthis mountain range on the map.
2. Label the Mississippi River. Trace its
route in blue.
3. Label the Central Plains and the Gulf
Coastal Plain.
5. Find the Cumberland Gap. What
Why did the pioneers leave the East to
settle on these plains?
famous trailblazer crossed the gap to
settle in Kentucky?
6. Why was the Wilderness Road
important?
.}
3
_
NAME
_
14
UNDERSTANDING THE LESSON
Relating Cause and Effect
CHAPTER
LESSON 2 CONTENT MASTER
*Territory.
The statements on this sheet tell about the Louisiana
For each item, write in the missing cause or effect. The
first one has been done for you.
EFFECTS
CAUSES
American farmers were worried that
Thomas Jefferson decided to try to
they would no longer be able to use f---+ buy New Orleans from the French.
the Port of New Orleans.
The French offered to sell all of
f---+ Louisiana for $15 million.
Jefferson had many questions about
the Louisiana Territory.
~
Lewis and Clark allowed Sacajawea,
f---+ a Shoshone Indian, to join the
expedition.
Lewis and Clark reached the Pacific
Ocean and started back to
Washington.
Ii
.5
~
Think and Write:
Why was the war between France and Great
Britain helpful to America? You may use the back of the sheet.
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Use with textbook pages 331-335.
4
97
NONFICTION
READING DETECTIVE BOOK A 1
45. Who Was Benjamin Banneker?
by David White
lIn the 18th century, when most
Mrican-Americans were considered
second-class citizens or property,
Benjamin Banneker was making a name
for himself.
2Born a free man in 1731, Banneker
showed an early interest and skill in math
and science. 3He was also good at
designing and building things. 4Seeing a
pocket watch for the first time when he
was 19, Banneker decided to build a clock
of his own. 5This remarkable hand-carved
clock was made entirely of wood, and it
kept accurate time for more than 40 years.
6Banneker also developed a strong
interest and skill in astronomy. 7In fact,
he correctly predicted a solar eclipse for
April 14, 1789, proving wrong many wellknown astronomers. 8His successful
prediction made him famous.
9Banneker's scientific ability and newfound fame led to his publishing an
annual almanac, beginning in 1791.
lOEach year, people of all races would read
the almanac for its information on
medicine, weather, moon phases, and
times for sunrise and sunset.
llThe almanac's accuracy and its wide
audience disproved a common belief of the
day-that Mrican-Americans were
inferior to European-Americans. 12When
Thomas Jefferson publicly made racist
remarks, Banneker sent a strongly
worded response to Jefferson along with a
copy of his almanac. 13Jefferson was so
impressed with Banneker's scientific
accuracy that he sent the almanac to
102
5
European scientists. 14Thus, Banneker's
fame spread to Europe.
15From such widespread recognition
came the opportunity for Benjamin
Banneker to make his most lasting
impression. 16In 1791, President George
Washington appointed Banneker to the
engineering group that was designing the
city of Washington, D.C. 17Banneker thus
became the first Mrican-American to
receive a presidential appointment.
18Pierre Charles L'Enfant, the head of the
group, quit in 1792 after a disagreement
and took his plans back to France.
19Banneker reproduced those plans from
memory, and the new capital was born.
20Benjamin Banneker published his
almanac until 1802, when he was
physically unable to continue. 21He died
four years later, a famous and wellrespected African-American.
© 2001 Critical Thinking Books & Software. www.criticalthinking.com •
800-458-4849
READING DETECTIVE BOOK A 1
NONFICTION
DIRECTIONS: Choose or write the best answer to each of the following questions
using the evidence presented in the passage. When required, list specific sentence
numbers or paragraph letters from the story to support your answer.
5. Which of these would Benjamin
Banneker NOT have witnessed in his
lifetime?
.A. The Revolutionary War (1775-
1. What were the gears of Benjamin
Banneker's clock made of?
1783)
B. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)
C. The completion of Washington,
D.C. (1800)
D. The War of 1812 (1812-1814)
Give the number of the sentence that
best supports your answer. __
2. What is the main idea of the passage?
.A. to show how hard work can payoff
B. to tell how to predict a solar eclipse
C. to show the problems that MricanAmericans faced
D. to describe a remarkable MricanAmerican's accomplishments
3. Put these accomplishments by
Benjamin Banneker in their correct
time order.
List the numbers of the 2 sentences
that best support your answer. __,
6. List one accomplishment of Benjamin
Banneker in each of the following
fields:
Astronomy
creates clock
_
Architecture
_
Writing
_
publishes first almanac
reproduces Washington, D.C.,
plans
writes letter to Thomas
Jefferson
predicts solar eclipse
4. How often did Benjamin Banneker
publish his almanac?
.A. once a day
B. once a week
C. once a month
D. once a year
Give the number of the sentence that
best supports your answer. __
7. Why did Thomas Jefferson send
Benjamin Banneker's almanac to
European scientists even though he
knew the book was written by an
Mrican-American?
6
Give the number of the sentence that
best supports your answer. __
© 2001 Critical Thinking Books & Software. www.crltlcalthlnking.com • 800-458-4849
103
Activities: Guided Reading/Elementary
Benjamin Banneker
1731–1806
Benjamin Banneker was an African-American scientist,
astronomer, and inventor. He was born in 1731. Benjamin’s
father and grandfather had been slaves and his mother was the
daughter of a slave. Benjamin grew up on a tobacco farm. The
farm ran along the Patapsco River near Baltimore, Maryland.
Benjamin and his brothers grew up helping his family to grow
tobacco.
Benjamin and his brothers did not attend school. Their grandmother taught
them to read the only book she owned, the Bible. Years later, a Quaker man
opened a school for boys nearby. Benjamin learned to write and to do basic math at
the school. At 15, Benjamin had finished eighth grade. He took over the family
farm and worked the farm for most of his life.
At the age of 21, Benjamin’s life changed forever. He saw his neighbor’s
pocket watch and it amazed him. He took it apart to see how it worked and studied
the pieces of the watch. He used them as a model. Benjamin carved similar pieces
from wood and used them to build the first clock fully assembled in America. The
clock Benjamin made kept accurate time for more than forty years.
Benjamin took an interest in stars. He borrowed books about stars and tools
from his friends to look at the stars. He taught himself about the stars and advanced
math. Benjamin learned to predict the weather, too. He predicted the solar eclipse
on April 14, 1789. His predictions were correct. The forecasts made by many wellknown people were not.
Benjamin’s skills were impressive. In January 1791, Thomas Jefferson and
George Ellicott asked him to help survey the Federal Territory. Benjamin was the
first African American to earn a presidential appointment. Benjamin worked with
Ellicott and Pierre L’Enfant.
L’Enfant was in charge of planning Washington, D.C. He was fired, and the
plans were left unfinished. When L’Enfant left, he took the plans with him.
Benjamin saved the day. He was able to recreate the plans from memory, saving
time and money.
7
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Activities: Guided Reading/Elementary
Benjamin continued to follow his interest in the stars. In 1792 he became the
first African American to publish an almanac. Benjamin’s almanac told farmers a
good time to plant crops or when it would rain. The almanac included the times of
sunrises and sunsets and the cycles of the moon. A Pennsylvania anti-slavery group
funded the almanac.
Benjamin sent a copy of his almanac and a letter to the Secretary of State,
Thomas Jefferson. In his letter, Banneker reminded Jefferson of Jefferson’s words,
“all men are created equal.” He asked if they were true for African Americans. He
asked how Jefferson could be a “Friend to Liberty” since he owned slaves.
Benjamin asked Jefferson to think about how slavery kept African Americans from
reaching their true potential.
Thomas Jefferson answered Benjamin’s letter. He agreed African Americans
had many talents and abilities. He wrote that Benjamin Banneker proved African
Americans were equal in ability to anyone. Jefferson said he hoped someday
African Americans would be treated better. However, Jefferson said nothing about
freedom for slaves. The letters appeared in Benjamin’s almanac in 1793. He
published his last almanac in 1797. He studied the stars until he died on October 9,
1806.
8
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Name: ________________________________
Date: ____________________
Benjamin Banneker (1731–1806)
Answer the following questions with complete sentences.
1. How did Benjamin Banneker first learn to read?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. How did Benjamin Banneker learn about astronomy and complex mathematics?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. What city did Benjamin help to design from memory? How did this help the
United States government?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. What type of book did Benjamin publish for several years?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. How did people use the book Benjamin published?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
6. Why did Benjamin write a letter to Thomas Jefferson?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
9
Name:
Date:
Jefferson in lhe News
The headlines at right could have appeared in U':lited States newspapers
during the early 1800s. Read each headline and answer the questions.
For help, refer to pages 350 to 355 in your textbook.
1. a. In which year would this headline have appeared?
b. What was Jefferson's view on the best kind of
government?
Jefferson Becomes
President
Today, Thomas Jefferson
began his duties as
President of the United
States.
c. Which European country did Jefferson believe
threatened the United States?
2. a. In which year would this headlil')e have appeared?
U.S. and France
Make Land Deal
b. What was this land deal later called?
President Jefferson
announcedtod~ythatthe
c. What land did the United States acquire?
United States had reached an
agreement with France.
3. a. In which year would this headline have appeared?
b. What did Lewis and Clark want to accomplish?
Lewis and Clark
Reach Goal
Eighteen months after they
set out to explore the
Louisiana Territory, Lewis
and Clark finally reached .
their goal.
c. What Native American helped them?
10
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NAME
CHAPTER
14
1l.c:::,T=H=E=L=O=U=IS=IA=N=A=T=E=R=R=IT=O=R=Y=====:::!.~
The map below shows the route followed by Lewis and Clark in
~~
I.heir expedition across the Louisiana Territory. Follow the steps below
to fill in the map. Use the map on page 332 in your textbook as a
guide.
a. Label the Louisiana Territory and
color it yellow.
e. Label New Orleans, St. Louis, and
Washington, D.C.
b. Label the territories owned by Spain
and color them red.
f. Add a title and date to the map key.
g. Using the scale, calculate the distance
traveled by Lewis and Clark from St.
c. Trace the Mississippi and Missouri
rivers in blue and label them.
Louis to the Pacific Ocean.
d. Color the states ofthe United States
green.
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Thinking Further:
Why did Jefferson send an expedition into lhe
Louisiana Territory?
84
11
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Chapler 14. pages 331-335
~
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Date:
Name:
"
,'
Comparing Maps
Use the maps to complete the activity. For help, refer to
pages 356 and 357 in your textbook.
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ATLANTIC
,QCEAN,
American forces
~ Battle
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1. What kind of map is Map A?
political
I·
relief
historical
4. Locate the states of Wisconsin and
Illinois on Map B. What was this area
during the War of 1812?
2. What kind of map is Map B?
political
relief
historical
How did you find the answer?
3. In which present-day state did the
battle of Horseshoe Bend take place?
5. Which maps would you compare to
discover which battles of the War of
1812 were fought in the mountains?
How did you find the answer?
political and relief
relief and historical
historical and political
12
Date:
l\Iame:
Even~s
in
~he
War of 1812
(
The excerpt was written by Isaac Hull, captain of the USS Constitution,
after a battle. Read the excerpt and then answer the questions. For help,
refer to pages 358 to 363 in your textbook.
After informing you that so fine a ship as the Guerriere ... had been totally ... cut.to pieces so as
to make her not worth towing into port ... you can have no doubt of the gallantry and good conduct
of the officers and ship's company I have the honor to command. It only remains, therefore, for me
to assure you that they all fought with great bravery.
-Isaac Hull
Richard Morris and James Woodress, editors, Voices from America's Past (New York: E. P. Dulton, 1963).
1. Under which flag did the Guerriere sail?
6. The land war was more difficult for the
United States than the war at sea. Why?
2. What happened to the Guerriere?
3. During which war was the letter
written?
7. What was the Monroe Doctrine?
4. Which nations were at war?
8. What promise did the Monroe Doctrine
offer European nations?
5. What caused the war?
13
CHAPTER
NAME
1=:rH=E=W=A=R=O=F=1=8=12======:=!~14
*
Each of the causes listed below had certain effects that led to the
War of 1812. Study the lists of causes and effects. Write the number of
each cause next to its effect.
Effects
Causes
1. The United States
embargo against foreign
trade hurt American
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
merchants.
War Hawks accused the
British of helping the
Indians attack settlers.
Conditions in the British
navy were horrible.
At first, the United States
remained neutral in the
war between Great Britain
and France.
France said it would seize
any ship that traded with
Great Britain.
Great Britain defeated its
main enemy, France.
Americans defeated the
British in the battle of New
Orleans.
President Jefferson did not
want to go to war.
Many deserters from the
British navy took jobs on
American ships.
Hundreds of British
troops advanced toward
Washington, D.C.
A. Britain could move some of its troops
from Europe to the United States.
B. Congress repealed the Embargo Act.
C. British sailors deserted British ships.
D. America gained great pride and
confidence as a nation.
E. American merchants enjoyed a
growing trade with Great Britain and
France.
F. The British began stopping American
ships to search for deserters.
G. President Madison asked Congress to
declare war on Great Britain.
H. Many Washington residents fled to
the countryside.
I. Great Britain announced it would
seize any ship that traded with France.
J.
Jefferson asked Congress for an
embargo against all foreign trade.
Thinking Further: Why do you think "The Star Spangled Banner"
was chosen as America's national anthem?
"'
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Chapter 14, pages 336-340
14
85
NAME
CHAPTER
======~
1,='!VH=o=AM=I=?
14
*
Read the following statements that could have been made by
people listed in the box. Write the correct name in the blank.
1. I was the wife of a President.
When the British stormed the
White House, I saved important
government documents.
2. I wan the battle of Tippecanae
and later became President of
the United States.
3. I built the first spinning
machine in the United States
for a mill in Rhode Island.
4. I was an interpreter for Lewis
and Clark when they explored
the Louisiana Territory.
5. I discovered a peak in Colorado
that was later named for me.
6. I fought the Battle of New
Sacajawea
AndrewJackson
Thomas Jefferson
Dolley Madison
William Henry Harrison
Commodore Oliver Perry
Tecumseh
Samuel Slater
Napoleon
Meriwether Lewis
Daniel Boone
Zebulon Pike
Orleans.
7. I found a pass through the Appalachian Mountains.
8. I tried to convince the Indians to unite to fight the advance of
white settlers.
9. When I was President, I bought the Louisiana Territory from
France.
10. I led an expedition with William Clark into the Louisiana
Territory.
11. Because I needed money to fight the British, I sold all of
Louisiana for $15 million.
12. After defeating the British in a battle on Lake Erie, I said: "We
have met the enemy and they are ours."
Thinking Further:
If you could interview one of the people
mentioned above, which one would you choose and why?
86
15
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Chapter 14, pages S27-34i
~
Q
Name:
)
Date:
Thinking About: New Words
Write each word or term from the box under the phrase that defines it.
For help, you can refer to the lessons in Chapter 12 of your textbook.
pioneer
Louisiana Purchase
neutral
Era of Good Feelings
War Hawks
Monroe Doctrine
1. a warning made by James Monroe to
Europe. Monroe said the U.S.
opposed future colonization in the
Western Hemisphere.
War of 1812
5. not taking sides on an issue
6. during Madison's presidency,
members of Congress who wanted
to declare war against Great Britain
2. a person who leads the way into new
areas
}
3. the land west of the Mississippi River
that the United States purchased from
France in 1803
4. a period of peace and prosperity for
the United States that began at the
end of the War of 1812
I
'
i
I
)
16
7. a conflict between Great Britain and
the United States that began because
Great Britain started taking>American
ships and sailors
Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
Old Hickory and the Pirates
The Battle of New Orleans
January 8, 1815
“Arr me hearty!” When we think of pirates, we picture dirty men with eye
patches, parrots, and old ships. We think of outlaws who raid and steal from ships
and villages. We do not think of men who help others. Jean Lafitte was called the
“Gentleman Pirate.” He had a pirate kingdom on the islands near New Orleans.
Although he broke many countries’ laws and profited from stolen goods, Lafitte’s
kingdom had a code of laws. He wanted order in his little world. Lafitte respected
the United States. He loved its ideas of freedom and opportunity. He wanted the
same ideals in his little kingdom. He ordered his men never to attack an American
ship. If any did, they were executed. Lafitte and his pirates helped the United
States to win the Battle of New Orleans.
The Battle of New Orleans was the War of 1812’s last battle. The Americans
were fighting the British. The treaty to end the war had been signed, but news
traveled slowly across the Atlantic Ocean. American General Andrew Jackson,
known as “Old Hickory” because he was said to be as tough as hickory wood,
faced the British. He was to defend the Mississippi River leading to New Orleans.
The Americans were outnumbered. They had only five gunboats and twenty-nine
guns. The British began their march east of the river. Old Hickory was alerted the
British were near. He gave the order to attack the British that night. Even though
they were few, the American gunboats held off the British. The surprise attack
made the British retreat and delay their march to New Orleans. They waited for
more troops to arrive. This gave Old Hickory and his men time to make their stand.
They built a fort from bundled branches, mud, and cotton bales.
When the new troops arrived, the British now had 14,000 men. Old
Hickory’s troops would be no match for the British. He called on anyone: the New
Orleans militia, Indian warriors, freed slaves, frontiersmen, and pirates. The British
had asked Lafitte to fight with them, but Lafitte did not like the British. France had
just ended a war with Britain. The Americans told Lafitte all crimes he and his men
had committed would be forgiven if they helped the Americans. Lafitte liked the
Americans, and he quickly gathered his men. Old Hickory’s troops now numbered
4,000. One thousand were Lafitte’s men.
The British marched toward the American fort in the early morning. They
had hoped the early morning fog would give them some cover, but the battle
17
CICERO © 2010
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Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
started too late. The fog was gone. The Americans were ready with plenty of
weapons. As the British came across the field, the Americans opened fire from
behind their fort. The British had nowhere to hide. The battle only lasted an hour.
Almost 2,000 British were either killed, wounded, or were missing. The Americans
only lost thirty-four men. The Battle of New Orleans was one of the greatest
American victories. Would the battle have been won without the Lafitte’s one
thousand pirates?
Andrew Jackson was a hero for saving New Orleans. He became President
of the United States in 1828. In 1907 a national park in Louisiana was named after
the “Gentleman Pirate” Jean Lafitte for his help in the Battle of New Orleans.
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Name: ________________________________
Date: ____________________
Old Hickory and the Pirates
The Battle of New Orleans, January 8, 1815
Answer the following questions with complete sentences.
Who was Jean Lafitte?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Who fought during the War of 1812?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Who was “Old Hickory,” and why was this his nickname?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What was Old Hickory assigned to do?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What difficulties did General Jackson overcome?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What did Jackson do to win the the Battle of New Orleans?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Why were pirates important in the Battle of New Orleans?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
The British Burn Washington, D.C.
August 24–25, 1814
President James Madison had just returned home from taking charge of American
troops. He looked around the city of Washington, D.C., with great sadness and
anger. The British had burned the city. War had begun in 1812. America once
again was fighting Britain. This time America wanted to be known as a strong and
free nation, not small, weak, or easily bullied.
The British began their march into the state of Maryland. They landed in the
city of Benedict on August 19 after fighting the American Navy on the Patuxent
River. They moved on to attack the port of Bladensburg. This win helped the
British to advance to Washington, D.C. Americans knew the British would try to
raid and burn the capital city. The British believed burning Washington would not
only show their strength but also more importantly be their final victory and end
the war. Americans prepared the best they could. They called for the state militia to
protect the city. They hoped the troops would arrive in time.
President Madison asked his wife, Dolley, if she was brave enough to stay
behind while he went to command troops. Even though he was the president, he
was a military man; and the troops needed every person who could help. Dolley
stayed in the mansion for as long as she could, but she knew the British soon
would be there. Many of the government officials left the city. Even Dolley’s
bodyguards left. Looking around the mansion, there were many things she knew
should not fall into British hands. She ordered the staff to help pack important
papers and books from her husband and Congress. They also packed good silver
items. They loaded trunks into carriages. She refused to leave the mansion without
a large painting of George Washington. She ordered the painting to be taken down,
rolled up, and packed with the other items. Dolley left just as the British reached
the city. The militia still had not arrived.
On their way through the city, the British set fire to many homes and shops.
They set fire to the Capitol Building, the Library of Congress, the Treasury, the
State and War Departments, and the Navy Yard. They also set fire to the city’s
newspaper building. When they reached the President’s Mansion, the British
entered and helped themselves to a fine dinner. They stole what was left behind
and set fire to the home. They added plenty of fuel to keep the fire burning for a
long time. The fire lasted into the next day when a storm came through the city.
The heavy rains and wind put out many of the fires.
20
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Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
The British returned to their ships. The same storm that had put out the fires
in Washington also had damaged their ships. This did not stop them from moving
on to their next target, Baltimore. President Madison returned after the storm.
Americans knew they needed to ready themselves for the next battle.
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Name: ________________________________
Date: ____________________
The Burning of Washington, D.C.
Answer the following questions with complete sentences.
When did the British burn Washington, D.C.?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Why did the British want to burn the capital city?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Why did President Madison leave the city?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What were some items Dolley Madison tried to save from the British?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What buildings did the British burn in Washington?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
What put out the fires in Washington, D.C.?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
22
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Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
The War of 1812
Between 1775 and 1782 the Americans fought the British for freedom. A
new nation rose in 1783. The Americans governed themselves, and the United
States began to grow. The new nation, however, was not regarded as a strong
nation. America traded with France and Britain for goods. France and Britain saw
this as a sign of weakness. Each would capture American ships on the Atlantic
Ocean and kidnap the sailors. This angered America.
France and Britain also were angry because America wanted to expand.
Many times, America tried to claim Canada and take back the area around the
Great Lakes. Britain stood in the way of making this happen. The War Hawks were
Americans from the South and West. They believed war was the only way to stop
ships from being taken and to gain respect from other countries. France and Britain
also did not get along. They were strong countries. They wanted control over land,
sea, and trade. War was not too far off for these countries. The War Hawks argued
with Congress, and in 1812 the United States was once again at war with Britain.
Why did the Americans go to war with Britain and not France? The Americans
made a deal with France. They would stop trading with Britain if France would
leave their ships alone.
The War of 1812 lasted until 1815. The road to victory was long and almost
lost. The British were at war with America, and France. The British were strong.
They fought the French and held back the Americans. They were fighting on two
different continents and on the ocean. The Americans won very few battles. Their
strong will to win kept them going, just as in the Revolutionary War.
American Commander Oliver Perry pushed back the British troops and won
a battle on Lake Erie. This allowed the American troops to win the Battle of the
Thames in 1813. The British gained help from the Indians. They told the Indians
the Americans were going to take their land. The Indians were pushed to fight for
the British to protect their land from the Americans. Tecumseh was a great
Shawnee leader. He gathered many other tribes to join the British and to fight the
Americans. American General William Henry Harrison asked the Kentucky Militia
to help with the raid. The American troops took back the city of Detroit. Then they
moved on to the Thames River and attacked again. The Americans drove through
the line of British soldiers. The British gave up. The Americans also defeated the
Indians. Tecumseh was killed in this battle.
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Activities: Guided Readings/Elementary
In 1814 the British made their way to Washington, D.C. They had just
attacked a nearby town and won. There were few American troops. The state
militia was asked to help defend the capital, but they did not arrive in time. The
British did not want to capture the capital city. They just wanted to raid and burn
the city as a sign of strength and to win the war. President James Madison left the
day before the British marched into the city. He took charge of the American
troops and got them ready for battle. He asked his wife, Dolley, if she could be
brave enough to stay behind until he returned. Knowing the British were coming,
she began to gather what she could from the President’s House. Some materials
should not fall into British hands. The president’s home, the capital building, the
Treasury, and the State and War Department were all burned. The British left
quickly after the destruction.
Two weeks after the burning of Washington, D.C., the British turned to their
next target, Baltimore. It was the third largest city in the United States. This time
the Americans were ready. They blocked the roads with anything they could, even
trees. This slowed the British troops from getting into the city by land. The only
other way into the city was through the harbor. The British had attacked Fort
McHenry which sat at the entrance of the harbor. From their ships, the British used
cannons to shoot bombs high into the sky. The bombs exploded and fell on the fort.
They also shot rockets that streamed through the sky. All of the explosions lit the
night sky. The fort had an American flag flying above it that lasted through the
night’s bombing. As long as the flag was flying, people knew the British had not
captured the fort. The British had captured Francis Scott Key. He was held prisoner
on one of their ships in the harbor. He watched the battle through the night and
kept looking for the flag. As he watched, he began to write a poem about the battle,
the flag, and the bombs lighting up the night sky. His poem became the United
States’ national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.”
The war ended with the agreement of the Treaty of Ghent in 1814. It took a
long time for news of the treaty to reach America. Some battles still were fought.
In the end, the United States finally was looked upon as a strong, free nation.
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Name: ________________________________
Date: ____________________
The War of 1812
Answer the following questions with complete sentences.
What caused the War of 1812?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Who were the War Hawks?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
What kept America from fighting France?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
During the Battle of the Thames, what land did the Americans want to control?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Why did the British attack Washington, D.C.?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
How did the British try to attack Baltimore?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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What happened at Fort McHenry?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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How did people in Baltimore know Fort McHenry had not been captured?
______________________________________________________________________________
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How was “The Star-Spangled Banner” created?
______________________________________________________________________________
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What ended the War of 1812?
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War of 1812
War of 1812
L. Superior
re
n
Ft. Mackinac
(1812)
Ri
ve
r
Illinois
Territory
L. Mich
igan
pi
n
uro
.H
i
iss
Louisiana
Territory
Lundy's Lane
(1814)
L
MI
Ter.
L. O n t a r
The Thames
(1813)
Frenchtown
(1813)
L
NY
Chippewa
(1814)
ie
. Er
Kentucky
Lake
Champlain
(1814)
NH
MA
CT
RI
Pennsylvania
J
NJ
Oh
io
Put-in-Bay
(1813)
Ohio
Indiana
ver
Ter.
Ri
VT
io
ME
(Part of
MA)
St
.L
M
ss
ip
r
ve
Ri
aw
IN Ter.
ce
Washington, D.C.
(1814)
Virginia
Baltimore (1814)
DE
MD
Chesapeake
Bay
North
Carolina
Tennessee
South
Carolina
Mississippi
Territory
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Georgia
LA
Horseshoe Bend
(1814)
New Orleans
(1815)
0
100
200
Scale: 1"=220 miles
KEY
Ft. Bowyer
(1815)
Gulf of
Mexico
American Victories
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British Victories
Name: _____________________________________________
The War of 1812
Date: ________________
Use the information provided on the map to answer the following questions. Numbers 1-5 must be answered with
complete sentences.
1. What two major bodies of water are listed on the map?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. What two battles occurred after the war ended in 1814?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Which battle(s) happened closest to the Chesapeake Bay?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. What was the southernmost battle before the Treaty of Ghent?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. Which other future state was once a part of Massachusetts?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. Who won the following battles?
Horseshoe Bend __________
the Thames __________
New Orleans __________
Lundy’s Lane __________
Frenchtown __________
Lake Champlain __________
7. List the years in which the following battles were fought:
Chippewa __________
Fort Bowyer __________
Fort Mackinac __________
Baltimore __________
Put-in-Bay __________
New Orleans __________
8. Use a ruler and the scale listed to determine the distances between the following battlefields:
New Orleans to Baltimore __________
Washington, D.C., to Frenchtown __________
the Thames to Lake Champlain ___________
Fort Mackinac to Fort Bowyer ____________
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