Vortrag Passivhäus und Holzhäuser (Mehrgeschossig)

Transcription

Solar City
Linz - Austria
7,3 kWh/m²a
lassyarchitektur + raumplanung
13,5 kWh/m²a
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Overview
Introduction
• Design and development of the Solar City
• EnergyPass and building subsidy in Austria
• Technical overview
The Project in detail
• The optimized envelope
• Use of prefabricated Wall Units
• Decentral Ventilation
• High-Quality Windows
• Strategy for residual heat coverage
Summary, conclusion and outlook
• Post-Occupation-Evaluation and user habits
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
• 1992
Masterplan Prof. Rainer
• 1994
EU grant a subsidy for the residential area
• 1994
Local-Sustainable-Development-Planning
(Lassy)
• 1996
Urbanistic ideas competion
(Treberspurg)
• 1997
Landscaping ideas competion
(Dreiseitl)
• 1998
Architectural competion
• 2005
Completion
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Estimated Total costs:
Residentail building
Infrastructer
Total
125.000.000 €
65.000.000 €
190.000.000 €
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Energy Certification of Buildings in Austria
Classification
1 - Heat capacity
2 - Characteristic energy value
3 - Limit value for building subsidy
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Energy Certification of Buildings in Austria
Building Regulations for Energy Certification
• since 1999
• obligatory for residential building cost subsidy
• obligatory for redevelopment as from 1.1.2006
• obligatory to let (rent) a house or flat as from 1.1.2006
Supplier of the Energy Certification
• Civil engineers
• Public Authorities
• Energisparverband (~Energy-Saving-Association)
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Definition of the concept „Passive house“
summarized for constructical aspects
The residual heat can be supplied by the supply air (ingoing air).
To this the energy characteristic value (Energiekennzahl) must be smaller than 15 kWh/m²a
Passive house standard in numbers:
•
•
energy characteristic value of thermal heat < 15 kWh/m²a
Airtightness of the building cover with nl50 < 0,6 h-1
•
•
•
•
Insulation values smaller than 0,15 W/m²K
Thermal bridge free construction
window complete U-values under 0.8 W/m m²K
Efficient ventilation heat recovery (approx. 80 to 85%).
U-value = heat transition coefficient
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Subsidy for residential buildings
Low-Energy-Building < 50kWh/m² (energy certification)
Minimum-Energy-Building <30kWh/m² (energy certification)
Passivhouse <15kWh/m² (energy certification)
U-Value
Window
Exterior Wall
Top floor ceiling
Basment ceiling
Standardhaus (Bauordnung, keine
Förderung)
1,9
0,5
0,25 (=ca. 18 cm insulation)
0,45
Oö. Energiesparhaus
1,2
0,3
0,3
Oö. Niedrigenergiehaus
1,1
0,2
0,25
Oö. Niedrigstenergiehaus
1,1
0,18
0,25
Oö. Passivhaus
0,8
0,12
0,15
U-value = heat transition coefficient
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Energy Certification: Hous 1 SolarCity
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Building Data – Passivhous SolarCity
House 1
House 5
storys
4
3
apartments
24 about 78 m²
18 about 78 m²
external walls
Wooden frame 22 cm +
Cellulose
Facing layer 8 cm +
Mineral Wool
Wooden frame 14 cm +
Cellulose
Vertically perforated brick 30cm
window
Passivhouse-window
Wood/Alu
Passivhouse-window
Plastic
OGD
28-40 cm insulation
28-40 cm insulation
UGD
30 cm insulation
22 (14+8) cm insulation
ventilation
decentral, 3 devices/AP
decentral, 3 devices/AP
EKZ PHPP
7,3 kWh/m²a
14,8 kWh/m²a
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Ground-floor plan House 1
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Section House 5
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
The way to the passive house
development background and boundary conditions
Energy reduction >>> airthigtness of the building envelope >>> mechanical ventilation
–
–
Hygienical necessary air change (of CO² 30 m³/h/Person)
Centralized / Semicentralized or Decentralized Ventilation System
• continuous supply
• planning of air vent - heat vent
Ambition: Reduce the energy requirement, so that the
ventilation system can take on the residual heat
Conditions:
–
–
–
efficient ventilation system with heat recovery
checking and optimizing insulation layers values of the complete building envelope
thermal bridge free construction
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Construction facade panel
Wall Construction from outside to inside:
• Glass ESG, 6-8 mm
• Air layer, 31 mm
• Solarwabe (honeycomb), 50 mm
• Panel rear, 4 mm
• Levelling insulation, 40 mm
for maximum format 1,250 x 3,050 mm
high and oblong format possible
coloration of the solar honeycomb as required
glass with or without texture
ESG = single safety glazing
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Integration into framework construction
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Effective U-values of the gap solar facade.
100 mm
0,30
Mittlere effektive
k-Werte
Dämmstandard
1
über die 100
Heizperiode
[W/m²]
Ständerdämmung
mm
Solarwabe 50 mm
Klimadaten
Luftspalt
20 mm Klagenfurt
Glas 5 mm
U-Wert=0,285 W/m²K
0,25
100 mm Holzständer + 50 mm Wabe
statisch ohne Strahlung
0,20
180 mm
180 mm Holzständer
+ 50 mm Wabe
Dämmstandard
2
statisch ohne Strahlung
Ständerdämmung 180 mm
Solarwabe
mm
260 50
mm
Holzständer + 50 mm Wabe
Luftspalt 20 mm
ohne Strahlung
Glas 5 statisch
mm
U-Wert=0,183 W/m²K
0,15
0,10
Die starken Linien berücksichtigen die
Solarstrahlung. Die dünnen Linien 260
in gleicher Farbe
Dämmstandard
3 stellen die Werte der
Variante ohne Strahlung (statisch) dar.
0,05
Ständerdämmung 260 mm
Solarwabe 50 mm
Luftspalt 20 mm
Glas 5 mm
U-Wert=0,135 W/m²K
-0,05
No
rd
No
rd
os
t
O
st
t
Sü
do
s
Sü
d
es
t
Sü
dw
W
es
t
No
rd
w
es
t
0,00
No
rd
mm
Holzständer beplankt
Solarwabe
Luftspalt
Glas
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Heat flow and phase shift in detail
Wärmeströme und Strahlungswerte
in der Periode 23. - 25. Jänner
100 mm Ständerwand + 50 mm Wabe SO
Klimadaten Klagenfurt
100 mm Ständerwand + 50 mm Wabe N
30
600
25
500
Globalstrahlung
Diffusstrahlung
400
71
69
67
65
63
61
59
57
55
53
51
49
47
45
43
41
39
37
35
33
31
29
27
25
23
21
19
17
15
0
13
0
9
100
11
5
7
200
5
10
3
300
1
15
-5
-100
-10
-200
Strahlung [W/m²]
Wärmestrom [W/m²]
20
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
The solar facade
functional principle
•
The honeycomb cellulose act as a solar
absorber
•
At low position of the sun (winter) the
solar load penetrates into the solar
honeycomb and heat up
•
At high position of the sun (summer)
the honeycomb shade itself
•
An additional mechanical sun-shading
isn't needed
•
The temperature difference between
living space to outer climate is balanced
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Heat flow in a year
15,0
Heizperiode
Jahreswärmeströme an der
extremsten Seite (Ost) [W/m²]
Heizperiode
Klimadaten Klagenfurt
10,0
100 mm Ständerwand + 50 mm Wabe
5,0
361
346
331
316
301
286
271
256
241
226
211
196
181
166
151
136
121
106
91
76
61
46
31
1
0,0
16
Polynomisch (100 mm Ständerwand
+ 50 mm Wabe)
+ 50 mm Wabe)
+ 50 mm Wabe)
-5,0
-10,0
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Wall Units
• Quick progress of construction work
• Parallel production in the work
• Delivery of the envelope, incl. windows
• No building moisture in the exterior wall.
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Form design with glass
Plate glass
Patterned glass
Texturized glass
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Form design with color
Practical every color is possible!
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Soundproofing
Wooden Framework 16 cm
without Solarfacade Rw 44 dB
with Solarfacade Rw 50 dB
with SF + Installation Layer Rw 59 dB
Brick Wall 38 cm, double-sided plaster
without Solarfacade Rw 49 dB
with Solarfacade Rw 67 dB
Rw = (airborne) sound reduction index
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Fire protection and Fire behavior
• After
approx. 4 minutes the flames beat from the window area on the facade
• The fire-proofing coat at the surface of the solar honeycomb foamed up and formed a
protective layer
• After approx. 8 minutes the aluminum parts started to melt
• After 24 minutes the glazing of the panel directly over the window shattered.
• An independent spread of fire couldn't be established after 30 minutes, the examination was
positive.
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Solarcity House 1
House 1
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Assembly
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Assembly
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Mounting
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Mounting
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Air thightness
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Air thightness
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Air shaft – connecting joint -basement
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Ventilation with heat recovery –
installation example
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Ventilation with heat recovery
Determination of the heating capacity for the necessary hygienical air change:
Necessary air change per person:
interior air temperature:
outer air temperature:
30 m³/h
Ti = +20°C
Ta = -10° C
d = 30K (P = 30 m³/h * 0.33 Wh/K/m³*30K)
>>>> heating capacity 297 W
detto at use of a ventilation device with heat recovery
assumption heat recovery of 75%
>>>>
heating capacity = 75W
For ventilation devices with heat recovery the resduial heat capacity
for the necessary hygienical air change could be coverd by the
thermal discharge of one person
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Fixed glazed window parapet
Fixed crossbar window parapet
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Solar City
Linz - Austria
Passivehouse envolope
•
Passive solar energy recovery - solar façade:
–
•
Decentralized ventilation devices (wall integrated):
–
•
With heat recovery
High-quality windows (wall integrated):
–
–
•
Effective U-values between 0.02 to 0.15 W/m²/K
Wood/aluminum or synthetic material
If possible - integrated window shutter
Wall units prefabricated
–
–
Air thightness
thermal bridge free
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Calculating Example House 1
33 kg x 12,87 kWh/kg = 425 kWh
425 kWh / 7,3 kWh/m²a = 58 m²
The energy contents of a 33 kg gas canister suffice to cover
the annual heating demande for 58 m² living area (at 100%
degree of effectiveness).
24 apartments x 78 m² x 7,3 kWh/m²a = 13.665 kWh/a
Detached house: 150 m² x 90 kWh/m²a = 13.500 kWh/a
The annual heating demand of house 1 (with 24 AP)
corresponds approximately to one typical detached house from
the 90´ies.
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Aspects to take into account for the efficent passive house
The passive house only works if you live-in!
–
The internal heat gains amount to 10 kWh/m²a
–
consequences for vacation in winter!
The comfort (cosiness) is not only a question of the temperature!
–
A warm corner can be in demand!
(planning the installation of a radiator!)
–
Too high air change rates bring very dry air conditions!
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
User guide for the resident
User guide about 30 pages
General Information
Contact Person, cleaning ...
Room-by-room Decentralized ventilation devices
Filter maintenance
Ventilation Description
Living in a Passivhouse
Passivhouse details
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Post-Occupancy-Evaluation House 1
Wohnung
Straße
Nr. Ablesedatum Zählerstand
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
2,203
2,381
2,401
1,210
0,869
0,607
1,255
2,059
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
2,769
1,894
0,677
1,351
0,992
0,613
1,944
3,052
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
Suttnerstraße
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
1,317
2,623
0,835
2,022
0,508
0,956
1,155
2,202
37,895
-
Bezug
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
21.10.2004
WNFl [m2]
HGT
Verbrauch kWh/m²a
78,32
79,65
78,16
79,50
78,01
79,34
77,85
79,18
78,05
78,02
77,89
77,86
77,73
77,70
77,57
77,55
79,64
78,39
79,49
78,23
79,33
78,07
79,17
77,92
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
3.303,00
30,31
32,21
33,10
16,40
12,00
8,24
17,37
28,02
38,23
26,16
9,37
18,70
13,75
8,50
27,00
42,41
17,82
36,05
11,32
27,85
6,90
13,19
15,72
30,45
1.882,62
3.303,00
21,69
0,00
www.lassy.at
Solar City
Linz - Austria
Post-Occupancy-Evaluation House 5
Wohnung
Straße
Nr. Ablesedatum Zählerstand
1
2
3
4
5
6
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
42
42
42
42
42
42
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
2,530
1,736
0,857
3,471
3,889
2,665
7
8
9
10
11
12
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
44
44
44
44
44
44
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
0,660
1,765
0,328
1,878
3,413
2,144
13
14
15
16
17
18
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
Forellenweg
46
46
46
46
46
46
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
31-Jul-05
1,674
0,232
1,688
2,647
3,369
1,849
36,795
Bezug
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
18.11.2004
WNFl [m2]
76,37
64,03
76,09
75,75
76,09
75,75
76,37
64,03
76,09
75,75
76,09
75,75
76,37
60,11
90,00
59,84
90,01
59,84
1.324,33
HGT
Verbrauch kWh/m²a
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
2.928,00
40,27
32,96
13,69
55,70
62,13
42,76
10,50
33,51
5,24
30,13
54,52
34,40
26,64
4,69
22,80
53,77
45,50
37,56
33,77
www.lassy.at

Vortrag Passivhäus und Holzhäuser (Mehrgeschossig)

Transcription

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