Groundwater Resources of Asia

Groundwater Resources of Asia
Murmansk
Norilsk
Anadyr
Arkangelsk
Yakutsk
Saint Petersburg
Magadan
Perm
Nizhniy Novgorod
Moscow
Kazan
Yekaterinburg
Chelyabinsk
Ufa
Omsk
+
Novosibirsk
Samara
+
Astana
Kyiv
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy
Irkutsk
Kharkiv
Volgograd
Dnipropetrovs'k
+
Rostov-na-Donu
Odesa
Khabarovsk
Ulaanbaatar
Astrakhan
Harbin
+
Urumqi
T'bilisi
Istanbul
+
Bursa
Tashkent
Yerevan
Ankara
Baku
yrana
Adana
Al Mawsil
HAleppo
exandria
++
Jerusalem
H
+
Cairo
i
B
Tehran
Esfahan
Kabul
Peshawar
B
B
HB
B B
i
H i
H
B
Kuwait
i
HB
B
Riyadh
Aswan
Jeddah
Khartoum
Mecca
B
i
B
i
B
i
BDelhi
+ Meerut
Jaipur
+
Lucknow
Muscat
+
H
Groundwater resources
Thimphu
+
Allahabad
+
+
Hyderabad
Varanasi
Ahmadabad
+
Indore
Bhopal
+ Vadodara
Jabalpur
Dhanbad
Jamshedpur
Nagpur
+
+
Asansol
+
Khulna
Kolkata
+
Mumbai
+
Suzhou
Changsha
Nanchang
Guangzhou
Nanning
Hanoi
+
Pusan
Fukuoka
Kyoto
+
Hiroshima
Nagoya
Tokyo
+
Osaka
Ningbo
Wenzhou
Hong Kong
Haiphong
B
area of heavy groundwater abstraction with over-exploitation
B
i
area of groundwater mining
Pune
Vishakhapatnam
Geography
Vientiane
Yangon
Chennai
Bangalore
Bangkok
Manila
+
!
+
Aden
very high
300
high
100
medium
20
low
2
very low
Coimbatore
Phnom Penh
Madurai
0
in areas with
complex hydrogeological structure
+
Mogadishu
Davao
selected city,
largely dependent on groundwater
major river
large freshwater lake
Medan
© BGR Hannover / UNESCO Paris 2008. All rights reserved.
selected city
country boundary
Ho Chi Minh City
Colombo
in areas with local and shallow aquifers
1000 km
natural groundwater discharge area in arid regions
!
Addis Ababa
750
area of saline groundwater (> 5 g/l total dissolved solids)
Vijayawada
groundwater recharge (mm/a)
500
I
Kaoshsiung
+
250
Special groundwater features
Taipei
T'aichung
+
Shantou
0
Shanghai
Fuzhou
Chittagong
+
Hyderabad
in major groundwater basins
Kampala
+
Wuxi
Putian
Surat
Kwangju
Sendai
Taegu
+ Ulsan
Changzhou
+
Dhaka
Taejon
+
+
Huainan
Nanjing
Guiyang
Kunming
Seoul
Suzhou
+
Patna
Aurangabad
+ Zaozhuang
+
Hangzhou
Chongqing
Kathmandu
+ Agra
Taian
Inch'on +
+
+ Qingdao
Wuhan
Chengdu
Lhasa
Sana
Asmara
+
+
+
Yantai
+ Zibo
Xuzhou
Fuyang
Faridabad +
+
+
B
+
Rawalpindi
Gujranwala
HH
Karachi
Zhengzhou
Xian
H
Srinagar
Kanpur
H Doha Dubai
H Abu Dhabi
B
iH H
H
H H
Linyi +
Jinan +
Lanzhou
Vladivostok
Pyongyang
Dalian
+
BDongguan
Shijiazhuang
+
+
Sapporo
Jilin
B+Tangshan
Tianjin
Taiyuan
+
Faisalabad
Amritsar
+ ++
Lahore +
Ludhiana
+ Multan
H
Shiraz
B
i
B
i
B
Baghdad
Amman
H
H
+
+ Shenyang
Huludao
Beijing
+
H
H
Damascus
Baotou
Mashhad
Karaj
Beirut
Tel Aviv-Yafo
H
Dushanbe
Ashgabat
Tabriz
+
Almaty
+
Bishkek
Changchun
Kuala Lumpur
large saltwater lake
continuous ice sheet
Singapore