RAVENNA 2009

RAVENNA 2009
workshop D
la tracciabilità dei rifiuti e certificazione dei flussi riciclati
Intervento di apertura
Ing. G.Franco SAETTI
Responsabile Servizio Rifiuti e Bonifica Siti
Regione Emilia-Romagna
28-11-2005
Brussels Meeting
30 settembre 2009
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Brussels Meeting
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16-09-09 RIFIUTI: VITO, PRESTO
PROVVEDIMENTO PER
'TRACCIABILITA'' (ASCA) - Roma, 16 set - Il
Ministero dell'Ambiente si appresta ad elaborare un
provvedimento per la 'tracciabilita'' dei rifiuti ''che
potra' essere molto utile'' in situazioni come quella
del ritrovamento nel mare della Calabria di una nave
con a bordo fusti di rifiuti. Lo ha detto nel corso
dell'odierno question time, il Ministro per i rapporti
con il parlamento, Elio Vito, rispondendo
all'interrogazione di Ermete Realacci ed altri
esponenti del PD che chiedeva iniziative urgenti per
la bonifica e il monitoraggio dei siti marini.
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Ideas Rationale
Basel Convention and Regulation 259/93 EEC focus their attention on the
illegal traffic of Hazardous Wastes (HW) through international borders.
In some countries the illegal traffic and illegal disposal (simply hiding) of
dangerous and HW is done also inside the countries themselves.
Carrara Oct 25, 2005
carraraSC1.pdf
CarraraSC.pdf
CASERTA - TRAFFICO ILLECITO DI RIFIUTI
Venerdì, 04 novembre 2005 @ 14:46:08 CET
Sgominata un'organizzazione criminale operante su tutto il territorio nazionale finalizzata
al traffico illecito di rifiuti speciali e pericolosi.
Nell'ambito dell'operazione, denominata ''Madre Terra'' i Carabinieri del gruppo tutela
ambientale di Napoli e del Comando provinciale di Caserta stanno eseguendo dall'alba di
oggi sette ordinanze di custodia cautelare emesse dalla procura del tribunale di Santa
Maria Capua Vetere (Caserta) nei confronti di altrettante persone ritenute responsabii di
traffico illecito di rifiuti speciali e pericolosi e di disastro ambientale.
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How was it working?
Simply dumping illegal wastes at night filling pieces
of land with wastes coming from industries or cities
Or..carraraSC2.pdf
Officially
Transformed in Type B
Type A
How?
Really
Declared Type B
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Environmental Crime: Italian Case
Legambiente, presented last January a report
“Ecomafia new frontiers“: whole business
nearly 11 billions of Euros per year.
78.000 crimes against the environments
counted during ‘94-96
40 % among Puglia, Basilicata, Sicilia and
Calabria, but the “winner” is Campania taking
into the account waste and illegal buildings
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EU and International Status
Somalia, Mozambico and other African Countries have
been selected as western developed countries wastebin
“Environmental crime represents a priority area
politically and a high-profit low-risk venture for OC
groups.”
“The illegal dumping of waste continues to be an issue
which particularly impacts on Italy, although other
Member States are also affected.”
“A framework decision on the protection of the
environment through criminal law was adopted by the
Council on 27 January 2003.”
(Europol 2003 European Union organised crime report EUOrganisedCrimeSitRep2003.pdf
pag.23 and 30)
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Waste Production and Trips
Disposal Plants
Waste Producers
•Household
•Industrial
•Commercial
Hazardous
or not
Collection
and
transportation
Treatment Plants
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Wastes travel….
Industrial Waste Production 2000
Non-Hazardous and Hazardous
Out 2002
In 2002
Dott.ssa Sonia Cantoni Direttore generale ARPAT
Rifiuti o Risorse? - Firenze 10/11/05 – Auditorium Consiglio regionale
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Building a “virtual surrounding wall”
Is realized via a mobile communication
network (GPRS, UMTS or similar) that enable
any Control Unit to retrieve information “in
real time” from the system on board of the
truck, without any intervention from the
driver.
Foresees an automatic and secured
collection of data from the producers
(owner ID and waste type), the path used
and the final destination of the load
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Producers side
All the producers are listed and coded
Household: service performed by registered
companies working on concession or
contractual base with the city administration
Industrial and Commercial: service performed
by registered companies working on a private
contractual base
All the producers collect their wastes in “Bins”;
each waste type, a bin
All the bins can be “tagged” to identify
Owners
Waste type
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Waste management side
All the companies dealing with collection and transportation of
waste are authorized and then listed, coded and controlled
Most of them work on both sides domestic and industrial, but
they can be also specialized in one/more specific business
Companies servicing large areas (more than a city) are facing the
problem to assign the collected waste to the correct “owner”
(e.g.: City administration)
This enables the correct invoicing/reporting of the service for
each City
Some exemples of identification and storing of data related to the
performed service:
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Bin position (identify owner and type)
Weight of collected waste at a specific position
Time and date of collection
Data storage for the path
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Treatment and Disposal Plants side
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All the Plants dealing treatment and
disposal of waste are authorized and
then listed, coded and controlled
Most of them work on both sides
domestic and industrial, but they can be
also authorized to accept ONLY some
specific waste codes
The wastes entering the plants must be
registered and some specific forms
controlled and filled after the truck
weighted and eventually inspected
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Control Units and Authority
28-11-2005
The “police” patrols in service along
motorways and standard roads, could control
the trucks on “real time” ONLY if they can
enquiry the net and receive confirmation on
the data collected by the driver
If not the control can be done only on sample
mode and after that a specialist analyzed the
load carried by the driver: it means after
weeks or months
All the other controls can be only on “paper”
and bureaucratic
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What is Automatic IDentification?
Auto ID procedures
Barcode
Smart Card
RFID
Optical Character
Recognition
Voice ID
Fingerprint ID
Voice
ID
Auto ID procedures have
become very popular in
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item management
supply chain management
logistics
security/access control
purchasing & distribution
logistics
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OCR
Fingerprint
ID
Barcode
system
Auto ID
RFID
Smart
cards
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Item Management: RFID vs Barcode
System Parameters
Barcode
RFID system
Data quantity (bytes)
1..100
16..64k
Data density
Low
Very high
Machine readability
Good
Good
People readability
Limited
Impossible
Influence of dirty/damp
Very high
No influence
Influence of covering
Total failure
Moderate
Data carrier cost
Very low
Medium
Reading electronic cost
Low
Medium
Unauthorized copying/modification
Slight
Almost impossible
Multiple reading, anticollision system
No
Yes
Reading speed
Low
Very fast
Maximum distance between data carrier and reader
0..50cm
0..6m
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Some Examples.…
Automotive
–
–
–
–
Vehicles identification on
highways
Vehicles identification in
parking areas
Vehicles access control in
limited traffic zones
Production chain
management
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Some Examples.…
–
–
–
–
–
–
Other applications
Transportation of medical drugs
Electronic animal marking
Patient monitoring
Library book management
Ski lift access control
Sport events
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Some Examples
Transportation
–
–
–
Cargo containers identification
Airline baggage management
Train composition management
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Component of an RFID system
An RFID system is always
made up of two components
•
•
The TAG or TRANSPONDER:
which is located on the object to
be identified
The READER or INTERROGATOR:
which can read or read/write the
transponder
READER
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TAG
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Passive or Active TAG?
The TAG types can be divided in Active or
Passive ones
•
The Passive TAG does not live
out of the reader range.
Passive
TAG
•
•
Active
TAG
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•
Batt
It does not have any type of power
supply.
The reader wakes up the TAG when
it is in the RF range.
The Active TAG can live by itself.
•
It has a dedicated power supply.
•
It can record event far from reader.
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What are we speaking about?
The TAG…
• The TAGs can be
manufactured in a lot of
shape using different
materials
• The shapes & the materials
are application & technology
dependent
• The electronic circuitry will be
the same but the antenna
could change
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What are we speaking about?
The READER…
• The READERs can be fixed or
portable
• They should have an
interface:
RS232
RS485
USB
Ethernet
Wireless
to connect themselves to an
application software (ERP,
warehouse manager…)
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Selection criteria of RFID system?
• Operating Frequency & Distance Range
Operating
Frequency
Coupling
Application
Distance
range
100..500kHz
Magnetic
Smart Card, Ticketing,
Ticketing, AntiAnti-theft
0..10cm
10..15MHz
Magnetic
Small Item Management, AntiAnti-theft,
theft, Supply Chain
0..50cm
850..950MHz
(UHF)
Electromagnetic
Transportation,
Transportation, Vehicle ID, Access/Security, Large Item
Management, Supply Chain
0..6m
2.8..5.8GHz
(UHF)
Electromagnetic
Transportation,
Transportation, Vehicle ID, Access/Security, Large Item
Management, Supply Chain
0..5m
Security requirements (encryption)
Memory capacity
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Waste Collection….
Waste bin can be
weighted, identified
as far as the owner
and type of waste
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During the lift …
Or when the truck is
approaching the bin.
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Available tracking and safety systems
The Sateltrack System is an
integrated hardware and
software Fleet Management
platform, designed and
operated by Cefin Systems
Italia , for the supply of fleet
management services over
the Internet. The system
does not require
investments in technology
by the end-user except the
installation of onboard
"telematic hardware" in the
vehicles.
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Available tracking and safety systems
Focused on Waste manag. appl.
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Control Units and Authority
Control Units along the roads, equipped
with a mobile system (GPRS,UMTS or
similar) can enquiry the Truck(s) during
their Journey towards the Plants
The answers must be
automatic without the
driver intervention and
MUST fit with the paper
forms on board
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Control Units “act as” the
control centers for the air
traffic control
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Consortium Necessary skills
All or almost all the necessary hardware seems to be already
available;
Probably some customizations will be required particularly on
The antennas to be put on the trucks and on the sites;
Weighting systems on the trucks
Communication units
Technology developers and universities (it should be limited only
to software on networking and security coding,
software/firmware implementation for the working stations on
board on the mobiles, in the control units, in the company
houses, in the treatment plants plus some HW customizations)
Waste collectors companies belonging to at least two EC
countries
Treatment/disposal plants owned/managed by companies
belonging to the same countries as above.
Control/authorizing bodies
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Ing. G.Franco SAETTI
28-11-2005
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