Vol-II Brickwork

BRICKWORK
SPECIFICATIONS 91 .. 92
CONTENTS
Measurements
TILE
WORK
MOULDING
TREMINOLOGY
Dimensions
BRICK
Mortar
Flat
Rate
HONEYCOMB
Measurement
Classifications
Oassification
Joints
Circular
HALF
JOINING
Measurements
Arches
BRICK
WORK
Arches
OLD
AND
WORK
BRICK
BRICK
CORNICES
WORK
WORK WITH NEW BRICK WORK
IN
ARCHES
Ra~
MeaSurement
BRICKSrfiles
(General)
Laying
Sampling
Soaking
Scaffolding
Curing
of
&
Bricks
Tests
Centring
and
Shuttering
10-4/CPWD/ND/9r
135
144
145
150
147
148
150
151
152
140
141
139
148
149
J50
151
137
138
Page
68.1
Cornices
152
6.8.2
Corbelling
152
6.8.3
Curing and Protections
152
Measurements
152
6.8,.5
Rate
152
6.9
BRICK WORK UNDER WATER
6.10
Exposed Brick work
153
6.10.1
153
6.10.2
Facing bricks
Dimensions and Tolerances
6.10.3
Sampling
153
6.10.4
Physical requirements
153
6.10.5
Joints
153
6.10.6
Scaffolding and curing
153
6.10.7
Measurements
153
6.10.8
Rate
153
6.11
Cavity walls
153
6.11.1
Metal ties
154
6.11.2
Bounding Units
154
6.11.3
Spacing
154
6.11.4
Restrictions
154
6.11.5
Measurements
154
'·6.8.4
& FOUL CONDITIONS
152
153
8.
Rate
154
Appendix - A Tolerance of Bricks and Tiles
155
Appendix - B Test for Compressive Strength
156
I, 157
Appendix - C Test for Water Absmption
Appendix - D Efflorescence
158
Fig. 0.1 Brick Work
159
Fig. 0.2 Brick Pillars
160
Fig. 0.3 Brick Bonds
161
Fig. 0.4 Brick Bonds (Contd.)
162
Fig. O.5.Brick Work In Arches ..
163
164 to 166
Fig 0.6 Brickwork in Cavity walls
136
Chapter - 6
List of Mandatory Tests
,
absorption and
159.
Procedure
Test
Tiles
for
Bricks/Brick
to
Material
Test
Oaus~
ofdimensions
material
.&
6.1.3.
6.1.3.6
Frequency
Field/laboratory
Minimum
A,B,C,
Qty.
Defflorescence
155, &
156
ofTable
testing
Laboratory
As
Appendix
per
3 and
4 Page 157
Testing
of
,
out test
water
BRICK WORK
List ofBureau of Indian Standards Code:!
1. 712-1984
Specification for builmng lime
2. 1077-1986
Specification for common burnt clay builmng bricks.
3. 1200 (pt.III) - 1976
Method of measurements of brick work
4.2212-1962
Code of practice for brick work
5.3102-1971
Classification of burnt clay solid bricks
6. 3495-(pts i-ivy - 1976
Method of test for day builmng bricks
7.3812-1981
Specification for fly ash for use as pozzolana and·admixture.
8.5454-1978
Methods of sampling of clay building bricks.
9. 12894-1990
F1y ash-lime bricks
138
6.
BRICK WORK
Indenting
The leaving recesses into which future work
can be bonded.
6.0
TERIVHNOLOGY
,
.
Jamb
Bond
The part of the wall at the side of an opening.
The arrangement of the bricks in successive
courses to tic the brick work together both
longitudinally and transversely. The arrangement is usually designed 'to ensure that no
vertical joim of one course is exactly over the
one in the next course above or below it, fu.'1d
there is greatest possible amount of lap.
Joint
\
A junction of bricks.
Jointing
TIle operation of finishing joints as' the ma-
sonry work proceeds.
Pier
Bed Joint
Horizontal joint in brick
'I}/Ork
A tl1ickened section forming integral part of the
or masonry
wall placed at intervals along the wan primarily to increase the stiffiness of the wallar to
carry a vertical concentrated load. The thickness of a pier is the over aU thickness including
the tl1ickness of the wall, or when bonded into
one leaf of a cavity wall the thickness obtained
by treating this leaf as an independent wall (see
fig. (lA, IB)
Closer
Any portion of a brick used in constructiJ1g a
wall, to dose up the bond next to the end brick
of a course (See Fig. 3).
Coping or weathering
The:cover applied over or the geometrical form
given to a part of structure to enable it to shed
rain water.
Pillar
CorbeJ :- A cantilever projecting from the face
of a wall to form
a
bearing see Fig 1D.
Cornice
Horizontal or ornamental feature projecting
from the face of a wall(see Fig. ID).
Quoin
Course
An extemal comer in brick work, the term may
also denote the brick used to fonn the quoin.
A layer of bricks including bed mortar.
Cross joint
Scaffolding
A joint other than a bed joint normal to the wan
face.
Efflorescence
,
Pillar means a detached masonry support. This
can be rectangular, circular, elliptical etc. In
case of rectangular pillar, the breadth shall not
exceed three times the thickness and thickness
itself shall not exceed more than thrice t.~e
length of brick (See fig. IC).
A temporary erection of timber or steel work
used in the construction, alteration, demohtion
or repairs of a building to support or to attend
of the hoisting or lowering of workmen, their
tools and materials.
.
A powdery incrnstment of salts left by evaporation~ This may be visible on tlle surface or
may be below surface. In the latter case, tins is
termed as crypto Efflorescence.
Sill
A brick work form ing the lower boundary of
door or window opening (see fig. 1D)
Header
A brick laid with its. length across tl1.ewall.
139
Spandrel
mm width and 10 to 20 mm deep on one
onts flat side. The shape and size. of the .
frog shall conform to IS: 12894-1990
The space between the haunches arid the road
decking of an arch.
Fly Ash: Fly ash shall conform to grade
lor Grade 20fIS : 3812-1981.
Strecher :- A brick laid with its length in the
direction of the wall
Bottom ash used as replacement of sand
shall not have more than 12% loss on
ignition when tested.
String course
A horizontal course projecting. from a wall
usually introduced at every floor level or windows or below parapet for impartingarchitectural appearance to the structure and also kee{}7
ing off the rain water. (see fig. ID).
Sand: Deleterious materials, such as clay
and silt in the sand shall perferabl y be less
than 5%.
Templet
Lime : Lime shall conform to class 'C'
A pattern' of sheet metal used as a guide for
setting out specific section and shape.
hydrated lime of IS:712-1984.
Additives; Any suitable additive considered not deterimental to the durability of
bricks may be used.
Toothing
Bricks left projecting in alternate courses to
bond with future work.
c)
Clay Fly Ash Bricks: The clay fly ash
brick shall be sound, compact and uniform in shape and colour. Bricks' shall
have smooth rectangular faces with sharp
and square comers. The bricks shall be
free from visible cracks, flaws, warpage,
nodules of free lime and organic matter,
The bricks shall be hand or machine
moulded. The bricks shall have frog of
100 mm in length 40 mm width and 10 to
20 mm deep on one of its flat sides.
d)
Fly ash shall conform to grade I or grade
II ofIS: 3812-1981.
Wall joint
A joint parrallel to the wall face.
6.1
Bricks/Brick Tiles/Brick bats.
Bricks used in the masonry may be of the
following type.
a)
b)
Common burnt clay bricks: Shall be hand .
moulded ormachine moulded. They shall
be free from nodules of free lime, visible
cracks, flaws warpage and organic matter, have a frog 100 mm in length 40 mm
in wjdth and 10 mm to 20mm deep on one
of its flat sides. Bricks made by extrusion
process and brick tiles may not be provided with frogs. Each briGk shall. be
marked (in the frog where provided) with
the manufacturers identification mark or
initials.
Calcium Silicate Bricks: Calcium silicate
bricks shall be sound, compact and uniform in shape-Bricks shall be free from
visible cracks, warpage organic matter,
large pebbles and nodules of free lime.
Bricks shall be solid and with or without
frog. The bricks shall be made of finely
grounded sand silicious rock and lime.In
addition limited quantity of fly ash conforming to IS:3812-1981 may be used in
the mix.
Fly ash lime brick: shall be sound, compact and uniform in shape free froIl).visible cracks, warpages flaws an~ organic
matter, have a frog 100 mm in length, 40
e)
140
. Tile Brick: The bricks of 4 cm height
shall be moulded without frogs. Where
modular tiles are not freely available in
the market, the tile bricks ofF.P .S. thickness 44 mm (1-3/4") shall be used unless
otherwise specified.'
t)
6.1.1
Dimensions: The bricldmay be modular or non-modular. Sizes for both types of
bricks/tiles shall be as per Table 1.While use of
modular bricks/tiles is recommended, non
modular (FPS) bricks/titles c~ also be used
where so specified: Non-modular bricks /tiles
of sizes other than the sizes mentioned in Table
Brick Bats: Brick bats shall be obtained
from well burnt bricks.
I may also be used where specified.
I
mm
' Actual
225x11lx44mm
225x1
190x90x4Omm
190x90x9Omm
Size
1x7Omm
229xl14x44mm
200x
2oox1oox40mm
229x114x7Omm
Nominal
1OOX
Table
Size
1OOmm
1
6.1.2
Classification: Bricks(Bricktilesshali
be classified on the basis .of their minimum
compressive strength as given below.
Table 2
Class
Designation
Average compressiv~ strength
Not less than
Less than
N/mm2
(Kgf/cm2)
(100)
12.5
125
7.5 ~
(75)
10
100
5(50)
.5
(50)
7.5
75
3.5(35)
3.5
(35)
5.0
50
N/mm2
(Kgf/cm2)
10(100)
10
7.5(75)
~
i
TIle bricks shall have smooth rectangular faces
with sharp comer and shall be uniform in
colour and emjt clear ringing soUnd when
struck ..
in accordanCe with appendix B on Page 156)
(Note: Upper limit~ specified in Table 2 are for
calculatip.g the average compressive strength
a)
Dimensional tolerance.
b)
Water absorption.
6.1.3
Sampling and Tests:
Samples of
bricks shall be subjected to the following tests:
141
c)
Efflorescence.
d)
Compressive strength.
Scale of sampling arid criteria for conformity for visual and dimensional characteristics .-
. 6.1.3:1. Sampling: For carrying out compressive strength, water absorption, efflorescence
and dimensional tests, the samples of bricks
shall be taken at random according to the size
oflot as given in table 3 below. The sample thus
taken shall be stored in a dry place until tests are
made. For the purpose of sampling, the following definition shall apply.
a)
. Visual characteristics
be selected and inspected,for ascertaining
their conformity to L~erequirements of
" the relevant s-pecification.
The number of bricks to be selected from
a lot shall depend on the size of lot and
shall be in accordance of coLl and"2 of
Table 3 for visual characteristics· in all
cases and dimensional characteristics if
Lot: a collection of bricks of same class
and size, manufactured under relaltively
similar conditions of production. For the
purpose of sampling a lot shall contain a
maximum. of 50,000 bricks.
specified for individual bricks.
Visual characteristics:A11 the bricks selected above in accordance with coLI and
2 afTables 3 shall be examined for visual
characteristics. If the number of defective
In case a consignment has bricks more
than 50000 of the same classification and
bricks found in the sample is less than or
equal to the corresponding number as
specified ill col. 3 of table 3 the lot shall
be considered as satisfying the requirements of visual characteristics, otherwise
the lot shall be deemed as not having met
the visual requirements.
size and manufactured und~r relatively
similar conditions of production,it shall
be divided into lots of 50,000 bricks or
part there of.
b)
c)
Sample: A collection of bricks seiected
-for inspection and/or testing from a lot to
reach the decision regarding th.e acceptance or rejection of the lot.
ill)
Defective: A brick failing to meet one or
more of the specified requirements.
I!..
6.1.3~2The samples shall be taken as below: .
i)
; The bricks shall
Sampling from a stack: When it is necessary to take a sample from a stack, the
stack shall be :divided into a number of
rc:>J. or imaginary
sections and t.iJ.ere- _
quired number of bricks drawn from each
section. For this purpose bricks inthe
upper layers of the stack shall be removed
to e~able units to be sampled from places
within the stack.
Note: For other methods of sampling i.e.
s<1"'npl1ngin motion and sampling from
. lorries or trucks, IS: 5454-1978 may be
refencd.
142
Dimensional
characteristics:
The num-
ber of bricks to be selected for inspecting
the dimensions and tolerance shall be in
accordance \Vith col. 1 and 4 of table 3.
These bricks will be divided into.igroups
of 20 blicks at random .and each of tJ}e
group of 20 bricks thus fonn~d will be
tested for all the dimensions" and tolerances. A lot shall be considered havi.'1g
found meeting the requirements of dimensions and tolerance "if none of the
groups of bricks inspected fails to meet
the specified requirements.
Table 3
Scale of sampling and permissible
istics
No. of bricks
in the lot
number of defectives for visual and dimension~l
For dimensional
characteristics
For characteristics
specified for individual
bricks
for group of 20
bricks-No. of bricks to be
selected.
480in
40
defective
Permissible
no.of
321 sample
.60
the
No. of
-
bricks
to
selected
be
character~
2
1
2001-10000
10001-35000 .
35001-50000
Note: In case the lot contains.2000 or less bricks the sampling shall be as per decision of the Engineerin-charge.
/
iv)
as specified in relevant material specification. The bricks for this purpose shall
be taken at random from-those already
selected above. 'The number of bricks to
be selected for each of these characteristics shall be in accordance with relevant
columns of table 4.
Scale'of saIl1pling and criteria for physical characteristics
The lot which has been found s~tisfactory
in respect of visual and dim~nsional requirements shall be pext tested for physical characteristics
like co~pressive
strength, water absorption, efi1oresce~ce
Table 4
Scale 0 f sampling for' physical characteristics
Lot size
Sample size for
compressive strength,
w&ter absorption and
efflorScence
1
2001 - 10000
10001 - 35000
35001 - 50000
Permissible No.
of defectives '
for effloiscence
3
a
2
'5
10
o
.J
1
1-
Note: In case the lot contains·20CO.or less bricks,the sa.TI\plingshall be as per decision of Engineer
-in-charge.
143
v)
Brick tiles:
A lot shall be considered having satisfied
the requirments of physical characteristics if the condition stipulated here in are
all satisfied.
a)
76 to 84 cm (80 ± 4).for 40 mm high brick tiles
In case of non modular bricks, % age tolerance
will be ±2% for group of 20 numbers of class.
10 bricks, and ± 4% for other class of bricks.
From the test results for compressive strength, the average shall be
calculated and shall satisfy the requirements specified in relevant
material specification.
6.1.3.4. Compressive strength: The bricks.
when tested in accordance with the procedure
laid down in appendix B on page 156 shall have
a minimum average compressive strength' for
variouss classes as given in Table 2. The compressive strength of any individual brick tested
shall not fall below the min. average compressive strength spacified.for the corresponding
class of brick by more than 20%. In case
compressive strength of any individual brick
tested exceeds the upper limit specified in table
2 for the corresponding class .of bricks, the
same shall be limited to upper limit of the class
as specified in Table 2 for the purpose of
calculating the average'compressive strength.
Note:In case any .of the test results for
compressive strength exceeds the
. upper limit for the class of bricks,
- the same shall be limited to the
upper limit of the class for the purpose of averaging.
b)
c)
d)
Wherever specified in the material
specification,
the compressive
strength of any individual bricks
tested in the sample shall not fall
below the minimum average compressive strength specified for the
corresponding class of brick by more.
than 20 percent.
6.1.3.5 Water absorption: The average wa.ler absorption of bricks when tested in accordance with the procedure laid down in appendix C on page 157 shall be not more than 20%
by weight.
From the test results for water absorption, the average for the bricks
in the sample shall be calculated
and shall satisfy the relevant re:"
quirements specification in mate~
rial specification.
6.1.3.6 Efflorescence : The rating of efflorescence of bricks when tested in accordance.
with the procedure laid down in appendixD on page 158 shall be not more than Moderate.
The ~umber of bricks failing to satisfy the requirements of the efflorescence specified in the relevant
specification should not be more
than the permissible no. of defectives
given in co!. 3 of table 4 .
6.2
BRICK WORK
6.2.1
Classification:
The brick work shall
.be classified according to the class designation
of bricks used.
6.1.3.3 Dimensional tolerances: The dimensions of, modular bricks when tested as described above as per procedure described in
appendix A on page 155 shall be within the
following limits per 20 bricks.
6.2.2
Mortar: The mortar for the brick work
shall be as specified, and conform to accepted
standards. Lime shall not be used where reinforcement is provided'in brick work.
Length 372 to 388 cm (380±8cm) .
6.2.3
Soaking of Bricks: Bricks shall be
soaked in water before use for· a period for the
water to just penetrate-the whole depth· of the
bricks. Alternatively bricks may be adequately
Width 176 to 184 cm (180 ± 4cm)
Height 176 to 184 cm (180 ± 4cm) for 90 mm
high bricks)
144
soaked in stacks by profusely spraying with
clean water at regular intervals for a period not
less than six hours. The bricks required for
masonry work using mud mortar shall not be
soaked. When the bricks are soaked they shall
be Jemoved from the tank sufficiently early so
that at tQ.etime of laYing they are skin-dry.
Such soaked bricks shall be stacked on a clean
erly bedded and set in position by gently pressing with the handle of a trowel. Its inside face
shall be 'buttered with mortar before the next
brick is laid and pressed against it. Joints shall
be fully filled and packed with mortar such that
.no hollow space are·l~ft inside the joints. ~
6.2.4.3 The walls shall be taken up truly in
plumb or true to the required batter where
specified. All courses shall be laid truly horizontal and all vertical joints shall be truly
vertical. Vertical joints in the alternate course
shall come directly one over the other. Quoin,
Jambs and other angles shall be properly,
plumbed as the work proceeds. C'are shall be
taken to keep the perpends properly aligned
within following maximum permissible tolerances.
place where they are not again spoiled by dirt
earth. etc.
NoteI: The period of soaking may be easily
found at site by a field test in which the bricks
are soaked in water for different periods and
then broken to find the extent of water penetration. The least period that corresponds to complete soaking will be the one to be allowed for
in construction work.
Note II : If the bricks are soaked for the
a)
Deviation from vertical within a storey
shall not exceed 6mm per 3m height.
b)
Deviation in verticality in total height of
any wall of building more than one storey
in height shall not exceed 12.5mm.
c)
Deviation from position shown on plan
of any brick work shall not exceed
12.5mm.
not be used except as closer where necessary to
complete the bond. Closers in such CJlses,shall
be cut to the required size and used near the
ends of the waU. Header bond shall be used
d)
Relative displacement between load bear" ing wall in adjacent storeys intended to be
.vertical alignments shall npt exceed 6mm.
preferably in all courses in curved plan for
ensuring better alignment.
e)
A set of tools comprising of wooden
straight edge, masonic spirit levels,
square, I meter rule line and plumb shall
be kept on the site of work for every 3
masons for proper check during the
progress of ~ork.
required time in water that is frequently chang~d
the soluble salt in the bricks will be leached out,
and subsequently efflorscence will be reduced.
6.2.4
Laying
6.2.4.1 Bricks shall be laid in English Bond
(Fig. 2, 3,4) unless otherwise specified. For
brick work in half brick wall, bricks shall be
laid in stretcher bond. Half or cut bricks shall
Note : Header bond shall also be used in
foundation footings unless thickness of walls
(width of footing) makes the use of headers
impracticable. Where thickness of footing is
uniform for a number of courses, the top course
of footing shall be headers.
6.2.4.4. All quoins shall be accurately constructed and the height of brick courses shall be
kept uniform. This will be checked using graduated wooden straight edge or storey rod indicating height of each course including thickness of joints. The position of damp proof
course, window sills, bottom of lintels, top of
the wall etc. along the height of the wall shall
be marked on the graduated straight edge or
6.2.4.2 All loose materials, dirt and set lumps
of mortar which may be lying over the surface
on which brick work is to be freshly started,
shall be removed with a wire brush and surface
. wetted. BIicks shall be laid on a full bed of
mortar. when laying, each brick shall, be prop-
145
storey rod. Acute and obtuse quoins shall be
bonded, where practicable in the same way as
square quoins. Obtuse quoins shall be fonned
with squint showing three quarters brick on one
face and quarter brick on the other.'
thick, both the faces shall be kept even and in
proper plane.
6.2.4.10 To facilitate taking service lines later
without excessive cutting of compltoted work,
sleeves (to be paid separately) shilll be: provided, where specified, while raising the brick
work. Such sleeves in external walls shall be .
sloped down outward so as to avoid passage of
water inside.
6.2.4.5 TIle brick vt'Ork shall be built in uniform layers.
No part of the waU
during it.sconstmction
shall
rise more than one metre. above the general
construction level. Parts of wallieit at different
6.2.4.11 Top of the brickwork h'1 coping ,Ind'
sills in external walls shall be slightly tilted.
Where brick coping and sins are projecting
le.vels shall be raked back at an angle of 45
degrees or less with the horizontal. Toothing
shaH not be permitted as an alternative to
nikihg back. For ha.1fbrick partition to be keyed
into main walls, indents shall be left in the main
walls.
beyond the face of the wall, drip course/
throating (to tx~paid separately) shall tx: provided where indicated.
6.2.4.12 Care .shall be taken during construction that edges of jamb:;, sills a..ndprojections
6.2.4.6 An pipe fittings and specials, spouts,
hold fasL<; and other fixtures \vhich are required
to be bui!finto the walls shall be embedded, as
specified, LJ1theircolTect position as tl!C work
proceeds unless otherwise directed by the EngjI!eer-in~charge.
are not damaged in case of rai.n. New built work
shall be covered with gunny bags or tarpouIin
so a:- to prevent the mortar from being washed
away. Damage, if any, shaH be made goed to
the satisfaction of the engineer-in-charge.
6.2.4.13 Vertical reinforcement in the form of
6.2.4.7 Top course~~ uf all plinths, parapets,
steps and top of walls below floor and roof
slabs shall be laid willI brick on edge, unless
specified otherwise. Brick on edge laid in the
top courses at comer of walls shall be pmperl y
radiated and keyed into position to form cui:
(mam) comers as shown in fig.4. ¥lhcre bricks
cannot ~ cut to the required shape to form cut
(!Darn) comers; cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement:2 coarse sand: 4 graded stone aggregate
20 mm nominal size) equal to thickness of
course shan be provided in·lieu of cut bricks.
bars (MS or high strength deformed bars),
considered necessary at the cDmers a~d june··
lion of walls and ja.'1l b opening doors, \vindows
etc. shall be encased with cement mortar not
leaner than 1:4 (1 cement: 4 coarse sand). or
cement concrete mix as specified. The reinforcement shall b-~ suitably tied, properly embedded in the foundation and afrooflevcl. The
dia. of bars shall not ~ less than 8rom and
concrete grade shall be minimum 1:3:6. (1
cement: 3 coarse sand: 6 graded stone aggregate 20mm nominal size)
6.2.4.8 Bricks shall be laid \Vitll fTOg(where
provided) up. However when top course is
exposed, bricks shall he laid with frog down.
FOi the bricks to be laid with frog down, the
frog shall be filled with mortar before placing
the brick in position.
6.2.4.14 In retaining walls and t~e Jik~,wherewateris likely to accuITI_u1ate,wcepholes, 50 to
75mm squ~reshallbe provided at 2m vertically
and horizontally unless otherwise spr;cified.
'The lowest weep hole shall be at about 30cm
above me ground level. All weep holes shall be
surrounded by loose stones and shall have
sufficient fan to drain out the ,?/atcr quickly
(Note: work of providing loose stone will be
payable extra).
6.2.4.9 In case of:w«]ls one brick thick and
under, one face shall be kept even and in proper
plane, while the other face may be slightly
rough. In case of walls more than one brick
146
6.2.4.15 Work of Gutting chases, wherever
required to be made in the walls for housing
G.1. pipe, CI pipe or any other fixtures shall be
carried out in various'locations as per guidelines given below:(a)
vi)
Cutting of chases L.'1lK:.C brick thick and .
above load bearing walls.
i)
li)
As far as possible services should
be planned with the help of vertical
chases. Horizontal chases should be
avoided.
(b)
When narrow stretches of masonry
(Or short lenghts of walls) such as
between doors and windows, cannot be avoided they should not be
pierced with openings for soil pipes
or waste pipes or timbe.r joints, etc.
Where there is a possibility ofload
concentration such narrow lengths
. of walls shall be checked for stresses
(c)
be provided only when unavoidable.
6.2.5.0
Joints
The thickness of all types of of joints including
brick wall joints and crossjoi~ts shall be such
that four course and three joints taken consecutively shall measure as follows-
Horizontal chases when unavoidable should be lo~ated in the upper
or lower one third ofheig~t of storey
and not more than three chases
should be permitted in any stretch
of a wall. No continuous horizontal
chase shall exceed one metre in
length. Where unavoidable, stresses
in the affected area should be
checked and kept within the permissible limits.
v)
Cutting of chases in half brick non load
bearing wall:Services should be planned with the help
of vertical chases. Horizontakhase should
and high strength bricks in mortar
or concrete walls provided, if required.
iv)
Cutting of chases in half brick load bearing walls:
No chase shall be perrnitted in half brick
load beari.ng waH:; and as such no
reccessed conduits and concealed pipes
shall be provided with half brick thick
load bearing walls .
The depths of vertical chases and
horizontal chases shall not exceed
one third and one sixth of the Lhickness of the masonry respectively.
.ill)
Mason.ry directly above a recess, if
wider than 30cm horizontal
dim en..
sian) should be supported on lintel.
Holes in masonry may be provided
upto 30cm width and 30cm height
without aily lintel. In the case of
circular holes in the masonry, no
lintel need be provided for holes
upto 40cm in diameter.
(i)
In case of Modular bricks conforming to
IS: 1077 -1986 specification for common
burin clay buildings bricks, equal to 39
cm
(ii)
In case of non modular bricks, it shall be
equal to 31em.
Note: Specified thickness of joints shall be of
1crn Deviation from the specified thickness of
all joints shall not exceed one fifth of specified
thickness .
V~rtical chases should not be closer
. than 2m in any stretch of a wall.,
These shall be kept away from bearings of beams and lintels. If unavoidable, stresses in the affected
area should be checked and kept
within permissible limits.
6.2.5.1 Finishing of joints
The face of brick work may be finished flush or
by pointing. In flush finishing either the face
joints of the mortar shall be worked oMtwhile
147
still green to give a finished surface flush with
etc. double scoffolding having two independent supports, clear of the work, shall be provided.
the face of the brick work or the joints shall be
squarely raked out to a depth of 1 cm while the
mortar is still green for subsequently plastering. The faces of brick work shall be cleaned
with wire brush so as to remove any splashes of
mortar during the course of raising the brickwork. In pointing, the joints shall be squarely
raked out to a depth of 1.5cm while the mortar
is still green and raked joints shall be brushed
to remove dust and loose particles and well
wetted, and shall be later refilled with mortar to
give ruled finish. Some such finishes are 'flush'
.weathered' , ruled, etc.
6.2.8
Measurements
6.2.8.1 Brick work shall be measured in cubic
metres unless otherwise specified-. Any extra
work over the specified dimensions shall be
ignored. Dimensions shall be measured correct
to the nearest O.Olm i.e. lcm. Areas shall be
calculated to the nearest 0.01 sqmtrs and tI'1e
. cubic contents shall be worked out to the
nearest 0.01 cubic metres .
6.2.8.2 Brick work shall be measured separately in the following stages:
6.2.6
Curing: The brick work shall be constantly kept moi~t on all faces for a minimum
period of seven days,Brick work done during
the day shall be suitably marked indicating the
date on which the workis done so as to keep a
watch on the curing period.
6.2.7. Scaffolding:
Scaffolding shall be
strong to withstand all dead, live and impact
loads which are likely to come on them. Scaffolding shall be provided to allow easy approach to every part of the work.
(a)
From foundation to floor one level (plinth
level)
(b)
Pli':lth (floor one) level to floor two level
(c)
Between two specified floor levels above
floor two level
.
Note: i) Brick work in parapet walls, mumty,
lift machine room and water tanks constructed
on the roof upto 1.2m height above roof shall
be measured together with the corresponding
work of the floor next below:
6.2.7.1. Single Scaffolding
Where plastering, pointing or any other finishing has been indicated for brick work, single
scaffolding may be provided, unless otherwise
specified. In single scaffolding, one end of the
put-logs/pole shall rest in the hole provided in
the header course of brick masonry. Not more
than one header for each put-log/pole shall be
left out. Such holes shall not be allowed in the
6.2.8.3 No deductions or additions shall be
done and no extra payment made for the following-
case of pillars, brick work less than one metre
in length between the operungs or near the
skew backs of arches or immeiliately under or
near the structural member supported by the
walls. The holes left for put-logs/poles shall be
made good with brick work and wall finishing
as specified.
a)
Ends ofdissimilarmaterials{that is, joists,
beams, lintels, posts, girders, rafters, purlins, trusses, corbels, steps, etc.); up to
0.lm2 in section;
b)
Opening up to 0.lm2 in area (see Note);
c)
Wall plates, bed plates, and bearing of
slabs, chajjas and the like, where thickness does not exceed. 10em and bearing
does not extend over the full thickness of
wall;
6.2.7;2
Note: Where minimum area is defined for
deduction of an opening, void or both, such
areas shall refer only to opening or void within
the space measured.
Double scaffolding:
Where the brick work or tile work is to be
expo1'~d and not to be finished with plastering
148
d)
Cement concrete blocks as for hold fasts
and holding down bolts;
e)
Iron fixtures, such as wall ties, pipes upto
300mm diameter and hold fasts for doors
and windows; and
f)
Chases of section not exceeding 50cm in
girth.
g)
Bearing portion of drip course, bearing of
moulding and cornice.
and shall include all cutting and wastage of
bricks, tapered vertical joints and use of extra
mortar, if any, Brick work curved on plan to a
mean radius not exceeding six metres shall be
measured separately and extra shall be payable
over the rates for brick work, in straight walls.
Nothing extra shall be payable if the mean .
radius of the brick work curved in plan exceeds
six metres.
6.2.8.10 Tapered walls shall be measured net
as walls and extra payment shall be allowed.for
making tapered surface for brick work in walls.
Note: In calculating area of an opening, any
separate lintel or sills shall be included with the
size of the opening but end portions of lintel
shall be excluded. Extra width of rebated re-
measured and paid for separately.
veals, if any, shall also be excluded.
6.2.9
6.2.8.11
6.2.8A Walls half brick thick and less shall
6.2.8.5 Walls beyondhalfbrick thickness shall
be measured in multiples of half brick which
shall be deemed to be inclusive of mortar
joints. For the sizes of bricks specified in 6.1.1,
half brick thickness shall mean l00mm for
modular and 115mm for non-modular bricks.
Where fractions of half brick occur due to
architectural or other reasons, measurement
shall be as follows:
upto 114th brick -actual measurements and
b)
exceeding 1/4 brick-full half bricks.
Rate:
The rate shall include the cost of materials and
labour required for all the operations described
aoove except the vertical reinforcement and its
encasement in cement mortar or cement concrete. The rate shall also include the following:-
each be measured separately in square metres
stating thickness.
a)
Brick work with brick tiles shall be
6.2.8.6 String courses, projecting pilasters,
aprons, sills and other projections shall be fully
described and measured separately in running
metres stating dimensions of each projection.
6.2.8.7 Square or rectangular pillars shall be
measured separately in cubic metres in multiple of half brick.
a)
Raking out joints or finishing joints flush
as the work proceeds;
b)
Preparing tops of existing walls and the
like for raising further new brick work.
c)
Rough cutting -and waste for forming
gables, splays at eaves and the like.
d)
Leaving holes for pipes upto 150mm dia
and encasing hold fasts etc.
e)
Rough cutting and waste for brick work
~urved in plan and for backing to stone or
other types of facing.
t)
Embedding in ends of beams, joists, slabs,
lintels, sills, trusses etc.
g),
Bedding wall plates, lintels, sills, roof
tiles, corrugated sheets, etc. in or on walls
if not covered in respective items and
h)
Leaving chases of section not exceeding
50cm in girth or 350 sq em in crosssection.
6.2.8.8 Circularpillars shall be measured separately in cubic metre's as per actual-dimensions.
6.2.8.9 Brick work curved on plan shall be
measured like the brickwork in straight walls
149
i)
6.3
Brick on edge courses, cut brick comers,
splays reveals, cavity walls, brick works
cUIved on plan to a mean radius exceeding six metres.
voussoirs shall break joints to the full depth ()f
the arch.
6.3.2
Flat Arches: These shall be gauged
arches of brick cut or moulded to proper shape.
The extrados sha~l be kept horizontal and the
intrados shall be given slight camberofl in 100
of the span. The centre of the arch from which,
joints shall radiate, shall be determined by the
point of the inter-section of the two lines drawn
from the ends of the arch at the springing level
and at 600 to horizontal.
Brick Work in Arches (Fig:S)
6.3.0
The detailed specifications for brick
work mentioned in 6.2 shall apply, in so far as
these are applicable. Arch work shall include
masonry for both' gauged as well. as plain
arches. In gauged arches. cut or moulded bricks
shall be used. In plain arches, uncut bricks shall
be used.
In flat arhes, bricks shall be laid with radial
joints to the full depth of arch and voussoirs
Brick forming skew-backs shall be dressed Oi
cut so as to give proper radial bearing to the end
voussoirs. Defects in dressing of bricks shal1
not be covered by extravagant use of mortar.
nor shall the use of chips or bats etc. be pemlitted.
breaking joints with each other. The arch w~rk
shall be carried up from both ends simultaneously and keyed in the centre. The thickness
ofthe joints shall not exceed 5mm. Flat arches
may be used for the sake of appearance' but for
purpose of carrying loads of the wall above,
these shall be used in conjuction with relieving
arches, lintels placed below.
The bricks of the spandrel wall at their junctions with the extrados
of the arch shall be cut
I
to fit the curvature of the arch.
6.3.1
Circular
6.,3.3 Centring and Shuttering: The centring ai1d shuttering for the arch shall be got
approved by the Engineer-in-charge before the
arch work is started ..It shaB be strong enough
to bear the dead load of the arch and the live
loads that are likey to come upon it during
construction, without any appreciable deflec··
tions.
Arches: 111ese shall be ei-
ther (a) plain arches, and shall be built in half
brick concentric rings with break. joints, or (b)
gauged arches built with bncks cut or mo~ded
to proper shape. The arch work shall be camed
up from both ends simultaneously and keyed
inthe centre. The bricks shall be flush with
The shuttering shall be tightened with hard
wood wedges or sand boxes, so that the same
could be eased without jerks being transmitted
to the arch. The sequence of easing ti'1eshuttering shall be got approved from the Engineer-incharge. The shuttering shall be struck within 48
hours of the completion of the arch but not
before 24 hours. This shall be done after the
mortar and well pressed into their positions so
as to squeeze out a part of their mortar and leave
the joints thin and compact. All joints shall be
full of mortar and thickness of joints shall not
be less than 5mm nor more then I5mm.
After the arch is completed, the haunches shall
be loaded by filling up the spandrels upto the
crown level of the arch. Care shall be taken to
spandrel has been fIlled in and the arch loaded.
load the haunches on two sides of the spandrels.
6.3.4
Measurements: The length of the arch
shall be measured as the mean of the extrados
and intrados of the arch correct to a em. The
thickness of the arch shall be measured in
When the arch face is to be pointed (and not
plastered), the face bricks shall be cut to proper
shape or moulded, so as to have ,the joints not
more than 5mm thick. These shall be laid ~th
radial joints to the full depth of the arch. The
multiples of the half brick.
The breadth in the direction of the thickness of
wall shall.be measured as specified.
150
The cubical contents shall b~ (~alculated in
cubic metre,correc! to two plac.esof decimal.
aoove except reLt1forGement which is to be paid
fori)!, rep?xately,
For arches exceeding 6m in spans extra yayment shall be made on the actual area of the
6,;5
soffit for additional cost of centring inCluding
all strutting, bolting, wedging, easing, striking
'and its removal.
6.5.@ The work. shail be done .•in the same
manner as described in 6.2.4 except that brick
tile shall be used instead of bricks. The I!leasurement and rate shall be same· as specified
under 6.2.
'
6.3.5
Rate : The rate is inclusive of the cost
,
Brick iHe work
of the materials and labour required for all the
~ operations described above.
6.4'
The brick honeycomb work shaH be done Vlrith
specified. c1ass of brick, laid in specified mOftar. AJljoints ,md edges shall be struck t1ush (0
give. g!n even surface,
Half Brick Work. '
Brick work in half brick walls sh~ll 00 done i..11
the same maimer as described aoove in 6.2.4
, except that the bricks shall be laid in stretcher
bond. When the half brick work is, to be reinforced. 2 Nos M.S~ bars of 6mm dia., shall be
embedded in every third course as given in the
item (the dia of bars shall riot exceed 8mm),
These shall, be securely anchored at their end
where the partitions end. The free ends of t.qe
reinforcement shall be keyed ioto the mortar of '
the main brick work to which the half brick
The thickness of the brick honeycomb work
shall be half ~brickonly, unless otherwise specified. Operrl.~gs shan be equal and alternate with
half brick laid with a bearing of 2ero on either
side.
'
6,,6.1
The length and height shall be measured cor'reet to a em. AreashaJl be calculated in squa.~
.metres 'correct to two places of decimal. Honeycomb .openings shall not be deducted
work is joined. The m0ltar used for reiPJ'orced
brick work shall be rich dense cement mortar of
mix 1:4. Lime mortar shall not be used. Over
laps in reinforcement;if
than 3Ocm.
~y shall not be less
6.6.2
above.
5mm. The mortar covering in'the dirction of
joints shall not be less than I5mm.
'.
Measurements
6.1.1
In case the height oftlie bricks of old as
well as new work is same, the old work shall be .
toothed to the full width of the new wall and to
calculat~d in sq.m. where half brick wall is
joined to the main walls of one brick or greater
thickness the measurements for half brick wall
shall be taken for its clear length from the face
of the thicker wall. ,
the depth of a quarter of brick in- alternate
courses. Incase the height of the bricks is
unequal, then the heig~t of each. course of new
work shall be made equal to the height of the
old work by adjusting thickness of horizontal
mortar joint~_inthe new wall. Where necessary,
adjustment shall be made equal to thickness of
oldwall by adjusting the thickness of vertical
joints.
Rate
The rate includes the cost of the materials and
labour involved in all the openitions described
11-4/CPWD/ND/92
'
6.7
Joining Old Brick Work With New
Brick Work
The length and height of the \Vdll shall be
measured correct to a em. T,he area shall be
6.4.2
R~te'
1be rate includes the cost of materials and
labour involved in all the operations described
The mortar interposed between the reinforcement bars and the brick shall not be less than
6.4.1
Measurements
151
6.7.2
For joiningne.w cross wall to old main
walls, a number of rectangular recesses of
width equal to the thickness of cross wall, three
courses in height and half a brick in depth shall
be cut in the main walls. A space of the three
courses shall be left between two consecutive
recesses. The new cross wall shall be bonded
6A3
into the recesses to avoid any settlement.
6.8.4
6.7.3
Joining of old brick work with the new
brick work shall be done in such a way that
there shall not be any hump or projection at the
joint.
For the pappose of measurements, the secDonal periphery of JI10wdiogs' and cornices
(excluding the portion in contact with wall)
shall be measured ill centimetres and length in
metres (fig, below). The girth and length shall
be mea..<rnredcorrect to a em. No deduction
The mouldings and cornices shall be cun~dfor
at least seven days. These shall he protected
from the effects of sun. and rain by suitable
covering and also from damage during t.1-Ie
execution of the worle.
6.7.4
Measurement The height fu'1d tl'1ickness of vertical face in contact with new work
shall be measured tathe nearestO.Olm and the
6$.5
Rate TIle rate includes the cost of
Rate.
The rate. indude3 the cost of materials and
labour and material involved in all the operations described above.
6.8
Measurem.£nts
shall be made from the masomy of wall for the
bearing of the moulding andcomices.
area shall be calculated to the nearest 0.01 sqrn.
6.7.S
Curing ~nd pratection
labour involved in all the operations described
above.
Moulding and Cornices
6.8.0
The specifications described under6.2
shall apply in so far these are applicable. Mouldings a.11dcornices shall be made with bricks as
specified for brick work. The bricks shall be cut
and dressed to the required shape as shown in
the architectural drawings.
6.8.1
Cornices shall not ordinarily project
by more than 15cm to 20cm and this projection
shall be obtained by projecting each brick
course by not more than one fourth of the brick
course by not more than one fourth of the brick
length. For cornices projecting more than 20cm
and requiring more than quarter bricks projection, metal cramps shall be used and paid for
separately.
Note:1.
The sectional Periphery Curve ABCDEF
2.
Length FA shall not be measured
6.9 Brick work under water or foul posi~tions
Brick Work under following conditions
6.8.2
Corbelling shall be brought roughly to
shape by plastering with the specified mortar.
When the mortar is still green, the mouldings
shall be finished straight and true with the help
of metal templates.
i)
Work in or under water/or liquid mud
ii)
Work in or under foul positions
Shall be measured separately for payment of extra rate over and above the
quantity measured and paid under. para
6.2.8
152
when tested in accordance with the procedure
laid down and tolerance in dimensions shall be
checked as pr:;r the pror..edure laid down in
Appendix A-2.
The facing bricks made from swtable soils
shaJ1be free from cracks, flaws. nodules offree
lime warpage and organic matter, These shall
ht: thoroughly burnt md shill ha,\il':, plane rectangular faces with parallel side§ and sharp
::Jlrnightright angled edges. Fa(''h'1g bricks shall
have unifonn colour and even texture. Unless
oth~rwise specified, facing bKicks shall be
machine moulded. Selected hand moulded
bricks may also be used as facing bricks where
sped;;ified.As far as possible, total reqmrement
of facing bricks for a work shall be arranged
froin the same kiln. Bricks with chipped edges
and broken comers shall not be used.
6J,O.2
Dimensions
Mortar, Soaking of Bricks and laying shall be
as specified in. Para 6.2.2,6.2.3 and 6.2.4
respectively
6.10.5 Joints in the exposed brick work shall
be truly horizontal and vertical and kept uniform with tbe help of wooden qr steel strips.
The thickness o[ joints shall be as per 6.2.5.0.
6010.6 Curi.."1g l:U"1d scaffoJding sha.U be as
specified in 62.6 and 6.2,7 to 6.2.7.2 ,respectively.
6.10.7' Measurements:
and Toleratrftces:
Exposed brick work in face using machine
moulded bricks and selected hand moulded
The standard sizes of machine moulded fa.cing
bricks shall be 18 specified in6.1.1
bricks shall be measured separately and the
measurement shill be as specified in 6.2.8.
6.102.1 The permissible tolernncese shall be as
under:-
mm
±3
±
90
40
III
190 or
± 1.5
or 44
225
Toleran;~e(For
6.10.8 Rate~
,--~~
---
The rates shall 00 as specified in 6.2.9 and shall
also include the following :-
Machine
ded
bricks)moul-
Note: Tolerance & Dimensions for selected
hand moulded bricks ±4mm in length and
±3mm in width & thickness)
6.10.3
Sampling-
As per Para 6.1.3
6.1.3.2
a)
Labour for selecting bricks and wastage
of bricks where use of selected hand
moulded brick is speccified.
b)
Leaving unifonn horizontal and vertical
grooves of specified depth and providing
joints of required thiclr..nessusing wooden
or steel strips as the worle proceeds.
6.11
Cavity Wall: It is a wall comprising of
-two leaves, each leaf being built of masonry
units and separated by a cavitY so as to provide
·an air space within the wall and tied together
with metal ties or bdnding units to ensure that
two leaves act as one structural unit. The width
of the cavity shall not be less than 50 mm. and
not more than 115 m.m. Each leaf of the cavity
_ wall shall not be less than 75mm. The space;
between the leaves being either left as cavity or
fill~d with non-load bearing insulating and
water proofing material.
&
6.10.4 Physical requirements:
Facing bricks shall be of class designation 75
unless otherwise specified. Average compressive strength shall not be less than 7 .5~/mm2
water absorption shall not exceed 20 percent by
weight and efflorescence rating shall be nil
153
6.11.1 M~talTieg:Tnese maybeofgalvanisd
iron, wrought iron, gun metal, brass, copper,
stainless steel or any such corrosion resistant
metal, made of flats 20 X Sm.m. cra.'lked or
twisted at their. mid point with ends split and
fish tailed; The ties shall be built into hOIizontal bed joints during erection, placed sloping
towards \he exterior side to prevent water from
flowing along it from outer to inner leaf sid~
(For details refer. fig. 6 on page, 164-1 (-is)
a)
b)
bonding
unit sp-.;cifying the numbers
pe:r
square metre.
c)
Length of the Bonding units will he sum of
thickness ofoom leaves plus width of cavity if
me leaves are 75mrnor 115 mm. If the leaves
Labour
matedal for dosing cavities
at the jarnbs, sills and heads of opening
a..."1c!
shall
bl';
as described and measured
scperatcly in running metres.
are more than 115mm thick, then the length of
a UJ'Ijt will be 2X] 15+ width of cavity as shown
in Fig. 6 on page 166. Precast RCC units shall
be provided with 2 no.; 6mm mild steel reinforcement bars tied with 2 no. 3mm. dia.m.s
hard drawn wire cross bars (As shown in Fig.6h
on page 166) placed in the centre of units.
d)
Cement concrete used in the bonding units
shall not be leaner than 1:3:6 (lcement:3 coarse
sand:6 graded stone aggregate 20mm nominal
size).
6.11.3. Spacing: Metal tieS/bOndingunits shall
be spaced not more than90 em apart horizontally and 45 em vertically and staggered in each
oour~. Additional ties shall be used near openings.
Restrictions:
:fhe forming o[the cavi~ shall be given
in square metres stating the width oftI'1e
caviry and sha11 include the metal ties!
6.11.2 Bonding Units: These shall be preferably precast RC.C. units having cross-section
as per fig. No.6.
6.11.4
Brick work ht cavl!ywalls sh211 be inGlll<.kd ~nd measured Vll[h gencr:il brick
work ..The width ofrhe cavity shall not be
measured. Skin of cavity wall, half brick
thickness shan DCmeasured as & p:;id as
described in 6.2.8 & 6.4
Cavity walls shaH not
normally be built Cmore 'thaIl 7.5 metres in'
height and 9 metres in length;. Where large
lengths and heights afe: desired, the wall shall
be divided into p:me:ls with strengthening measun~s such as piHars etc, Cavity shall be covered at lhe top with at least two courses of
masonry unit and/or a coping over it.
Adoption of cavity walls is nm: recommended
when heavy concentrated ImKlfrom be:ametc.
;lfC to be supported by walis.
154
The lW1Y1 shall i.rlclude use of device for
keeping cavity clear a.nd fonning the requisite weep and vent holes and nothing
extra on this account shall be payable.
APPENDIX
A
TEST H)R DIMENSfONALTOLERANCE
(Para 6.1.33)
Non-Modular Bricks
A - '(~%mpUng ; As per para 6,1.3.1 &,6,1.3.2
.4.. -
POI'
2ProGcdme : iJI th~ bJistem, loose part~,clcs(Jf clay and small fjIvjccti0ns shall
be removl:d from the surface of bricks.
Each ~;p{Cdmcf1of 20 bricks sha.ll then be
arr:.mgcd upon a level surface successively as indicatcdln fig. A-3'and C in
contact ,"vith each other and in straight
Une. The :)veraH h:ngth ("fthe assembled
bricks (20 Nos) shaH t~ me3Bured witl1 a
steel tape sufficiently long to measure t,e
\vhole row at one stretch.
Length
441 to 459cm
'Width
218 to 226cm
Height
138 to 142cm (FOi 70mm high
bricks)
86 to 90 em (ForM mm high bricks)
For other classes
A - 3 Tolerance : The actual dimensions of
bricks when tested as descIibed in /\-2
shall be within the foUmving limite; per 20
bricks.
Modular "Bricks
7610 84cm (80 ± 4cm) for 40mm high brick
'13' MEASUREMENT
Length
432 to 468cm
Width
213 to 231cm
Height
134 to 146cm (For 70mm
bricks)
high
84 to 92 em
high
(For 44mm
bricks;
A - 4Crireda for conformity. A lot shall be
considt;red. conforming to the require1Xwnts of dimensions
and tolcrance.<; if aU
(he groups of bricks are tested to meet the
specified requirement.;; ..
Height 176 to 184cm {tHO ± 4{~m)for 90mm
high brick
A1\tfEJ\SUREW1ENT
class 10
OF LENGTH
OF WIDTH
'C' lYfEASUREMENT OF HEIGHT
155
APPENDIX
'fEST FOR COMPRESSIVE
B
STRENGTH
(Para 6.1.3.4)
B-1 Specimen
Five whole bricks shall be taken from the
sarnples as speclllens forthis test Length
and width of each specimen shall be
Load shall be applied carefully a.>dally at umfonn rate of 14 N/mm2 per minute till the
failure of the specimen occurs.
:8-4 Reporting the Test Results:
'measured correct to Imm.
B-2 Apparatus
The compressive strength of each sped·
men shall be calculated ii1 N/mm2 as
under:
The apparatus consists of compression
testing machine, t'1e compression plate of
which shall have a ball seating in the form
of portion of a sphere the centl"f~of which
shall coincide with t.qecentre oftl'1e plate.
B- 3 Procedure
(a)
Pre-conditioning
The specimen shall be h'TimelSed in
the water for 24 hours at 25:>to
29°C. Any surplus moisture shall be
allowed to dram at room. temperature. The frog of the, bricks should
be filled flush with mnrtar 1 : 3 0.
cement: 3deancC\!iirse
G&'1<1ofgrade
3mm and down) and~haTI be kept
under damp jute bags for 24 hours
afterthat these shall be immersed in
clean water for three days.
Afterremoval from water, the bricks shall
be wiped out of any traces of moisture.
(b)
Actual testing
SpedInen shall be placed with fiat
horizontal and rnor!:<'ty fm~~d
face3
face upward hetween tllIee 3- ply
plywood sheets each of thickness
3i1:ifil and carefully centred between
plates or the testing machine. PIal;;'·
tef ot'Paas can also be used in plac.e
of plywood sheets to ensure a \1pjfann surface.
,
\
Compressive
Strength
==
--------'-.-
Maximmn load at failure (in N)
Area. of Specimen (in sq mm)
In. case the compresive streng'"J1 of &"iY
individual brick tested exceeds the upper
limit of the average compressive strength
specified for tIlt:: corresponding class of
brick,the Saine shall be limited to ti'1~
upper lLmit of the class specified in 6.1,1
for the purpose of calculating the average
compressive- strength. Compressive
strength of all the h"1dividual bricks com··
prisi.'1g the sample shall be averaged and
reported.
13-5 Criteria for confonnity
A lot shall be considered having satisfii~d
the requirements of average compressive
strength if the average comprestdve
stiengtl1 specified in 6.L2forthe C01re·
sponding class of brick tested is net bellOW the minimum average compressive
strength specified for the corresponmr!.g
class of bricks by more than 20 per~nt
APPENDIX
C
TEST FOR 'INA,TER ABSORPTION
(Para 6.1.3.5)
C-l
NO OF SPECll\IffiN
and then shall be weiglled wittJn
thrtc minutes after removing fm111
\'/~ter0N2)
,
Five whole bricks shall be taken from
samples as specimen for this test.,
C-4
Reporting
L'1e
test results
C-2 Apparatus
A ba1<,',ncerequired for this test shall be
The water absorption of each specimen
shall be calculated as follows and t.l-te
sensitive tu weigh ~ll percent of the
average of five tests shaH be reported.
weight of the specimen.
W2 - WI
C-3 Procedure
(a)
Water Absorption:::: --WI
100_
Pre-conditioning
C-5 Criteria for conformity
The specimen shall be allowed to
dry in a ventilated oven at a 11[jJ C
to 115° C till it attains a substan-
A lot shall be considered having satisfied
the requirements of water absorption if
tially constant weight. Uthe specimen is known to be relatively dry,
tlrls would be accomplished in 48
hours, if the specimen is wet, several additional hours may be fi~quired to attain a constant weight. It
the average water absorption is not mq:re
than 20% by weight.
shall be allowed to cool at room
temperature. In a ventilated roorn,
properly separated bricks will require four hours for cooling, unless
electric fan passes air over them ,
continuously in which case two
hours may suffice.
The IXJOled specimen shall be weigh ('iN!)
a warm specimen shall not be used for
this purpose.
(b)
X
Actual TesTh"1g
Specimen
shall be: (X)rop1etely dried
before immersion in 'the water. It
shill bf;;kept in clean water at a
temperature of 27° c ± 2° c for 24.hours. Specimen shall be -wiped out
of the traces of water with a, damp
doth after removL'1g from the water
157
APPENDIX D
-- TEST Iti'OR EFFLORESCENCE
(Para 6.1.3.6)
d)
D-l No of specimen
Five whole bricks shall be taken as Sf..-ecimen for this test.
unaccompanied by powdering
flaking of the surface.
D-2 Apparatus
. (e)
Apparatus requued for this test shall be a
_shallow flat bottom dish. containing distilled water.
D-3Procedure
(actual tesuIlg)
A lot be considered having satisifted tlv~
requirements of- efflorescence if for 4
out of the specimen of 5 bricks, the
effloresence is not beyond
ralingof
"Moderate",
shall be examh"1ed aft<;rIDe second evapo-
ration.
D-4 Reporting the test results
The rating to efflorescence in ascending
ordershallbereporteda.s 'NIL'. 'SLIGHT,
'MODERATE, 'HEAVYo:\,'SER1:0US'
in accordance wi~h the following.
SLKH~iT: When not moretban 10
2.xe:a
of lh~~bri<:K is
'c:'()vered wid~ a:t~~J11.
dCP{l~it:of :~'i~lt~.
C)MODERATE:
-SERtOUS: When there is heavy
D-5 Criteria for conformity
The room shall be warm (18° C to 30°C)
and well ventilated. ri11e bri~ks showd
not 00 renlOved until it absorbs: whole
water. When the whole wateds i.1hsoru:;;d
lli"lG tlt'J.,f.::
brick
appea.r-s to t~ dry, place: a
similar quantily of Vfat:~rin that dish and
«_11
• m evaporate
-"
,.,,,,,
- • "
1d.IO'N
It
2iS ,~,
l!'trc01-e"
i ne tlm:x
percent f;f t.he
or
deposit of salts, accompanied powdering and/or flaking of the surface
and tending to increase in the repeated wetting of the specimen.
'(he brick shcill be placed vertically in the
dish with Z;5cm irnmersed in the water.
B)
REA VY: When theH~ is a heavy
deposit of salts covering 50% or
more of the brick surface but
When there is
he<.wier deposit and CO\N;:r".ng upto
50% ofL.1.e area Gfihe brick surface
but una·ecompanied by :~x'fwdcring
or flaking of u'1e surface.
158
B.R'·C K
WO R K
CHAPTER
- BRICK
",'ORK
CLAUSE - 6,0 P. 6 '2·~
FIG. 1.
. OV ERSAIUNG•
,
COURSE--Lj""',-
'UD
>
_
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CO P! NG
PHUSI(~
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: " :.~
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1
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-
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-Sn~ING
COURSE
A. PI E R ( 1)
WI NOOW SILL
B.
PIER
(2)
ope
C.
PILL AR S
THE BREAOTH
SHALL
NOT
D. TYPICAl.
E: XC!.:: EO
5£ C TION,
THREE TiMES THE THICKNESS
}.,NO
THICK NE 55 ITSE LF SHALL NOT
EXCEED
ORA WIN G
NOT
MORE
TO
THAN
THREE
SCALE,
159
BRICKS
OF SRI C K W.b.LL
/
PILLARS
BRICK
on
D
EVEN
~OUR 5ES
CHAPTER
- BRICKWORK
CLAUSE
FIGURE
-
(OUR SES
150
[I] Etfl
.{100 ~.
1 X 1V2 BRICK
-t 200
..... !..
0-¥ .. 4"I
EEf
or
1 X 2 BRICK
Rl
~t
[DIU
. 1V2
~
X 2 8RICK~
'2 X 2 DRI CK
S··n" "~')
Er~GtJSi1 .."\}N~,,,";
I
Drawing
All
di
A 0 t to
men$ions
5ca.t@.
or e in rnm.
160
!;,2.4J
- 2.
BONDS
8 RI C K
ODD
COURSES
B
bt
10~_
sot
EVEN
H
-
---'------BR! CK
WAll
n
t
g\
Nt
--~-WALL
WALL
,,--_._-
:2
8 f<jCi(
.--,",,-..-.....
BOND
II at' to seal e
dim2!1siohs are in rnm.
Dru wing
All
FIGURE
COURSES
']
Closer
.
-• II
1
Queen
CHAPT ER
C LA U 5£
161
- BRICK WORK.
£). 2 . £1. 1
3.
ODD
CHAPTER
-
am::x
CLAUSE
-
6.'2.[,.1
FIGURE
- 4.
COURSES
./
CUT
""7 •••_
Dr
;\([
Ci
win 9
..
BR!e:.:: CORNER (MAFH)CONAt./~
no \ 'to scale.
or Q. .in mm
dimensi on~;
·._.
__
-_-~·
-----
162
WORK
CHAPT ER
- BRiCI< WORK
CLAUSE-S')
FIGURE
5.
r extrados
back
iau~__ ~__
.joints no! I1
mar-=: than
51T1fT1
-
or
- soffit
th ick
I.
joints
from
th irk
or
5'p~irging jtntrados
POI~!~
I -.
--r----;:.
ED
PLAIN
CiRCULAR
OR
ROUGH
ARCH
span -
qNE
. FLAT _ GAUGED - ARCH
163
j)rnwi ng
n at to sc ali2 .
varying
to 15 mm
abutm ent
span
GAUG
5
BRICK
THICK
m
CHAPTER
-
CLAUSE
FIGURE
- 6'11·
- 6.
co ping
- -
~ :r'oof
BRICK
WORK
Q
level
M~NM
met
1: 50
Cavity
:i>
tie or
01
bonding
115 --
uni t
cavity
to start
75mm
(c.d
SECTIO~
OF
_ norma'lIy
I
230
mm
wall
O(J
tie
bonding
g.t.
WALL
CAVITY
115 but not Ie 5S
than -75mm in
any case
met a
-above
l.
G.
from
unit
( b
5 E.CT I aNA l
j
Pl AN - M M
c av ity
or
115
If.!ss
----1-.
PLAN
(c)
115
AT
or
I p.ss
MM
or
115
.side
less
mm
faceout---i§3:§=-75mm
~
(d)
PLAN
75mm -----EJ
(.)
PLAN
AT
MM
·[3--75
AT
NOTE:-
mm
1) Only one of the
alternative
a. b • c ,q or e sh a II be
app I icable
in ea ch case
2JTies
shalt
be placed
sloping
towards
exterior
si de.
MM
164
FIGURE
- 6.
CONTIN UED
W~II ti e po.Sition
rUnbonded
Jamb ~
~
o
a
M
~I
--!
~
~t
~I
-+--
~I
-k:-
"1
I
-t-
~
+
~
k-
AS
900 MM
NEAR
TO
-+
900 MM
¥_
AS IS PRACTICABLE
OPENING
(f ) .E LEV A T ION
METAL
METAL
(9)
ISOMETRIC
165
VIEW
TIE AS
TIE
AS, PER
PER
DETAIL
DETAIL
FIGURE
- 6 .
CONTINUED
MET AL
( i)
3mm
=-
_
1
height
L
>~1
---"-'----L
1-
course
thidness
:to-
(h )
2 X 11 5
. L
=
sutn
of two lef1ves .• cavity
2 X 115-. CQvit y (for
walls
11 5
rn tn or tn 0 r e )
tof walls-"'cavity
.•. c a v t Y (For wo.u.s 115 10m(;)1' 1110re )
i
80 N01N G
UNIt.
8 LY
~~
---C2-36
DETAILS
~mOE
J
(PREFERA
(J)
TIE
m.s. hard drawn wire
OF
P RECAS T .R.C.C.)
m.s. 'bars
mm m.s. wi ref hard
mm
REINFORCEMENT
IN
drown wire
BONDING
166
UNIT
I
NOTES
I :l-4/CPWD/ND/92
167
NOTES
•
168