Mapping Report Part 2 – Biogas and Biomethane

Transcription

Service Contract for European Union External Actions
N° PI/2015/363-952
Technical Assistance to the
Low Carbon Business Action in Brazil
Id-N°: EuropeAid/136478/DH/SER/BR
Brazil
Mapping Report
Part 2 – Biogas and Biomethane
Draft version: 05th April 2016
Technical Assistance to the
Service Contract for European Union External Actions
EuropeAid/136478/CH/SER/BR
Mapping Report
Part 2 – Biogas and Biomethane
Draft version: 05th April 2016
Author: Adelino Ricardo J. Esparta
Key Expert Low Emissions Technology
Adress
GFA Consulting Group GmbH
Eulenkrugstraße 82
D-22359 HAMBURG
GERMANY
Teléfono +49 (40) 60306 – 387
Telefax +49 (40) 603 06 – 189
E-mail [email protected]
The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the autor
and should in no way be taken to reflect
the views of the European Union
Mapping Report – Part 2 – Biogas and Biomethane
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... I
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... II
List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... II
Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................... III
1 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1
2 Introduction to Biogas Production and Use ................................................................................... 3
3 Biogas Technological Options ........................................................................................................ 6
4 Biogas sector and potential in Brazil ............................................................................................ 12
5 Biogas sector/market in the European Union .............................................................................. 15
6 Brazilian Biogas Market Barriers ................................................................................................... 19
7 Biogas and biomethane industry needs and gaps in Brazil ....................................................... 21
8 Business potential for European Union Small and Medium Enterprises .................................. 24
9 Identified potential partner organizations in Brazil ..................................................................... 25
10 Initial indication of potential participants (SMEs) in Brazil through partner organization ...... 26
11 Identified potential partner organizations in the EU .................................................................... 28
12 Initial indication of potential suppliers in the EU ......................................................................... 30
13 Selected Biogas Events in 2016 .................................................................................................... 33
14 References ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Annex 1: Technology demand map .................................................................................................... 35
Low-carbon Business Action in Brazil (Project funded by the European Union)
Contact: Adelino Ricardo J. Esparta • e-mail: [email protected]
I
List of Figures
Figure 1: Biogas production and use (Source: SSWM) ....................................................................3
Figure 2: Separation steps for the upgrading of biogas to biomethane (Source: Project
Virtual Biogas)...........................................................................................................4
Figure 3: Location of biogas upgrading plants, connected to anaerobic biodigesters, in
operation in 2012 (Source: Thrän et al. , 2014)........................................................6
Figure 4: Examples of anaerobic digestion technologies (Source: Luostarinen et al., 2011).
CSTR – continuous stirred tank reactor, UASB – upflow anaerobic sludge
blanket reactor ..........................................................................................................7
Figure 5: Biogas upgrading steps .....................................................................................................8
Figure 6: Application of biogas and biomethane as energy source (Source: Cabral et al.,
2015). ......................................................................................................................10
Figure 7: Biogas plants in Europe (Source: Przadka, 2015)...........................................................15
Figure 8: Biomethane plants in Europe (Source: Przadka, 2015) ..................................................16
List of Tables
Table 1: Typical gas composition of untreated raw biogas (Source: Project Virtual Biogas ) ..........4
Table 2: Biomethane in selected countries in 2012 (Source: Thrän et al. , 2014) ...........................5
Table 3: Average Energy prices in Brazil April 2016 (Source ANEEL 2016 and ANP 2016) .........13
Table 4: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) energy conversion potential in Brazil (source: EPE,
2014) ......................................................................................................................14
Table 5: Theoretical biogas potential from residues in Brazil in 2014 (source: AHK-RJ,
2015) .......................................................................................................................14
Table 6: Biogas-based power generation plants in Brazil in 2014 (Source: Roller et al.,
2014) .......................................................................................................................14
Table 7: Selected players in the Brazilian biogas market (source: AHK-RJ, 2015) .......................26
II
Abbreviations
ABiogas
ANEEL
Associação Brasileiro de Biogás e de Biometano (Brazilian Biogas and Biomethane Association)
Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency)
CAPEX
CFC
CHP
Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit (Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety)
Capital expenditure
Chlorofluorocarbon
Combined heat and power
CIMGC
CNG
CSTR
EBA
Inter-ministerial Commission on Climate Change
Compressed natural gas
Continuous stirred tank reactor
European Biogas Association
EBA
EEG
EGR
ERoEI
EU
FNR
Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (German Renewable Energy Sources Act)
Exhaust gas recirculation
Energy returned on energy invested
European Union
Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. (Central Agency for Renewable Resourcing)
GEF
GHG
Global Environmental Facility
Greenhouse gas
GWP
IC reactor
Global warming potential
Internal circulation reactor
ICE
IPP/IGP
LCBA
LNG
LPG
MCTI
Internal combustion engine
Independent Power/Gas Producer (frequently also project developer)
Liquefied natural gas
Liquefied petroleum gas
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
MM
NG
OPEX
PNRS
Matchmaking mission
Natural gas (fossil)
Operational expenditure
Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Brazilian National Policy on Solid Residues)
BMUB
Probiogas
PSA
SABESP
SME
SSWM
THT
UASB
Projeto Brasil-Alemanha de Fomento ao Aproveitamento Energético de
Biogás no Brasil (Brazil-Germany project Fostering Energy Use of Biogas in Brazil)
Pressure swing adsorption
Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo
Small and medium enterprise
Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management
Tetrahydrothiophene
Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket
III
1
Executive Summary
The present document is the second part of a comprehensive Mapping Report that assesses
existing low carbon emission potentials and technology gaps and needs in Brazil in strategic sectors. Furthermore, it identifies commercial opportunities that can be fostered through cooperation
between European and Brazilian partners. The strategic sectors previously identified in the first
part of the Mapping Report, called the “White Paper on Low-carbon Technologies in Brazil,” are
(i) renewable energy production and use (including biogas/bioenergy/biofuels), (ii) energyefficiency in buildings and industry, (iii) waste management and (iv) low-carbon agriculture, mainly due to their higher emission reduction potential and higher financial attractiveness, as indicated
in the literature.
The purpose of this document about the biogas and biomethane sector is the identification of
concrete business potentials for European small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Brazilian
biogas market both for technologies and services, thus providing the basis for organizing a
matchmaking mission (MM) in November 2016 in conjunction with the Third Biogas Industry Forum organized the Brazilian Biogas Association (ABiogas).
The analysis of the biogas sector shows that Brazil offers a high potential in particular for
European technology providers as the world´s largest and leading supply market. However,
the Brazilian business environment is complex and the biogas market is in the initial stage of development. European SMEs in the biogas sector being in an advanced stage of development, will
have the opportunity to offer service and technologies alternatives to a growing but still undeveloped market.
The report identifies the gaps and needs of technologies in almost all stages of biogas production, preparation and use, with distinctive innovation, needs and gaps at
1.
2.
3.
4.
production in sewage treatment plants, agricultural residues, animal livestock waste,
biogas upgrading technology,
process monitoring and
use as a transportation fuel.
The most important organizations in Brazil and in the EU were identified and some of them already offered to support the matchmaking mission call for application (e.g. ABiogas, European
Biogas Association (EBA) and the Probiogas Project). A number of SMEs were also contacted or
interviewed in order to back up conclusions and check the interest in the planned mission. Several organizations and companies already signed Declarations of Interests.
The report shows the business potential for EU SMEs and explains which preconditions have to
be fulfilled by EU companies in order to be able to enter the Brazilian market and to overcome
entry barriers and obstacles.
Interested EU companies and technology providers should be aware of finding a different biogas
market structure compared to Europe. Related to the used substrates in Brazil, the biggest potentials come from agro-industrial organic waste waters, which in tropical zones are normally more
profitable to be digested in anaerobic lagoons, rather than in concrete or steel tanks. Also, the
future potential of biogas usage might be more focused on the substitution of the high-priced
compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or the parallel use of
biomethane in combination with CNG in the transport sector. As a fuel for electricity generation,
biogas is less attractive since
i) Fix, guaranteed feed-in tariffs do not exist for renewable energies in Brazil,
ii) electricity prices in Brazil vary strongly and are normally below potential break-even points
for biogas plants,
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iii) Brazil covers already 74% of its overall electricity matrix with renewable energies mainly
produced by hydro-power.1
The environmental aspect of biogas plants by reducing the negative impact of organic waste water is an important matter, on which technology providers should focus with their concepts and
project proposals. By offering efficient biogas concepts, improved environmental aspects in combination with energy cost savings or additional income from energy supply services, Brazilian
investors and companies can be convinced to invest in high-efficient biogas technologies from
Europe.
With the gathered information, the author is confident to state the need of alternative services and
technologies in the Brazilian biogas market and to show that many potential SMEs suppliers in
the European Union are interested to offer their products in the country. In other words, all the
preconditions to establish a successful matchmaking are met.
In the following the biogas sector will be assessed, including a description of the main technologies used in the industry. After the technological introduction (chapters 2 and 3) the sector in Brazil will be presented (chapter 4). A presentation of the developments of the market in the European Union (potential supply, chapter 5) is followed by the exploration of barriers (chapter 6) and
technology gaps in Brazil (chapter 7) and the business opportunities that can arise for European
SME (chapter 8). Finally, lists of possible matchmaking mission participants as well as indication
of key players are outlined (chapters 9, 10, 11 and 12).
1 AHK Brasilien, Hahn, P.: Rahmenbedingungen: Markteinstieg in Brasilien
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2
Introduction to Biogas Production and
Use
Biogas is the gaseous product of anaerobic digestion, a biological process in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen, of different forms of organic
matter, typically – but not always - residues, and is composed mainly2 of methane (CH4) and
carbon dioxide (CO2).
Figure 1 gives an overview of different ways to produce and use biogas. In the case of a landfill,
the landfill itself works as the anaerobic digester producing the landfill gas.
Biogas is made from biomass and/or biologically degradable parts of waste by anaerobic fermentation. Possible sources are as follows:




Agricultural material; e.g. grasses, silage, energy crops as well as residues from the production of grains, meat, milk and sugar
Biogenous residues from industry and business; e.g. residues from production of food
and luxury foodstuffs, wastes from the utilization of animal carcasses, municipal sewage
Municipal wastes; e.g. separate collection (green biotons), cut grass, leaves
Animal excrements from agriculture; e.g. pig, cattle and horse manure, poultry manure
Figure 1: Biogas production and use (Source: SSWM 3)
Depending on the used substrate and the process parameters, biogas also contains secondary
components like oxygen, nitrogen and contaminations from bacterial degradation of organic sulphurous substances (hydrogen sulphide).
In praxis, a wide mixture of materials is used as substrate for the biogas production. Therefore,
the composition of the produced gas is also fluctuating within a rather wide range. As a result, a
definition of untreated raw biogas according to the gas composition can only be given within a
certain range of concentrations (table 1).
2 Others: water vapor, nitrogen, oxygen, NH3, H2, H2S, trace gases.
3 URL: Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management, http://www.sswm.info/content/anaerobic-digestion-large-scale,
accessed on 14-Jan-2016.
-3-
Table 1: Typical gas composition of untreated raw biogas (Source: Project Virtual Biogas 4)
PARAMETER
UNIT
RAW BIOGAS
(TYPICAL
VALUES)
EXAMPLE GAS
QUALITY FOR
GRID INJECTION
EXAMPLE GAS
QUALITY FOR
TRANSPORT
FUEL
PURPOSES
(CNG QUALITY)
Upper heating value
Relative density
[kWh/m³STP]
[-]
6,0 to 9,3
0,70 to 1,20
10,7 to 12,8
0,55 to 0,65
8,4 to 13,1
0,55 to 0,70
Methane content
Carbon dioxide content
Ammonia content
Hydrogen sulphide content
[mol%]
[mol%]
[mg/m³STP]
[mg/m³STP]
40 to 80
14 to 55
≤ 1,000
300 - 2,000
≥ 97.0
≤ 2.0
technically free
≤ 5.0
≥ 89.5
unspecified
unspecified
≤ 5 mg/m³
Oxygen content
Nitrogen content
Water content (dewpoint)
[mol%]
[mol%]
[°C]
≤ 2.0
≤ 20
< 37 @ 1 bar
≤ 0.5
≤ 5.0
≤ -8 @ 40 bar
unspecified
unspecified
unspecified
The table shows that a certain degree of purification is needed in order to obtain a product gas
that is suitable for the substitution of natural gas (grid injection) or suitable to be used as a vehicle
fuel (figure 1). Basically, this purification/upgrading encompass the removal of carbon dioxide,
water, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia. A few contaminants, for example water and hydrogen
sulphide, have to be removed before the upgrading process in order to avoid corrosion or other
problems in downstream applications. Furthermore, numerous other unwanted gas species might
be present in the biogas depending on the type of the biogas production plant. These species
include e.g. silicon compounds (siloxanes, silanes), chlorine compounds or chlorofluorocarbon
(CFCs), additional sulphurous compounds like mercaptans, etc. Moreover, raw biogas always
contains liquids and solids (droplets and dust). In most cases additional advanced gas upgrading
process steps are necessary, if these components are contained in the biogas.
Figure 2: Separation steps for the upgrading of biogas to biomethane (Source: Project Virtual Biogas)
4 URL: http://www.virtuellesbiogas.at/node/342, accessed on 10-Feb-2016.
-4-
The technical feasibility to produce biomethane from biogas on a large scale has been demonstrated worldwide over the last decade. Table 2 gives an overview of the biomethane production
in selected countries. In 2014 about 13,000 biogas plants and 260 biogas upgrading plants, i.e.
biogas to biomethane plants, were running in several countries with an overall production capacity of some 100.000 Nm³/h (Thrän et al., 2014). Remarkable is the development in Germany, with
the largest number of biogas and biomethane plants in the world, mostly because of the incentives (for example, feed-in tariffs and priority feed-in and grid connection rights) from the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG from the German “Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz”), that came into
force in the year 2000 (Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and
Nuclear Safety (BMUB), 2007).
Table 2: Biomethane in selected countries in 2012 (Source: Thrän et al. , 2014)
Another key driver for the application of biomethane is the reduction of greenhouse gas emission
(GHG) due to the substitution of fossil fuels. The emission reduction depends on both plant design and operation. The proven results are very much dependent on the GHG accounting methodology.
In spite of the development in the recent past, the biomethane market is still in a development
stage, also due to the oscillation and the temporarily comparable low gas prices worldwide. Different strategies, investment programmes, support schemes and utilization concepts have been
adopted in several countries and stakeholders are having diverse expectations. Given the political
strategies and the existence of an extensive natural gas grid, a number of EU countries are becoming more active in the development of a biomethane market. A multitude of activities are being implemented in the fields of technical standardization and sustainability certification. Both are
complex issues, but should provide instruments in the next few years to improve the situation with
biomethane application and cross border trade. Several European countries have established
national biomethane registers, which provide information on the amount and origin of the available biomethane qualities to support proliferation in the market. Furthermore, the national
biomethane registers are planning a close cooperation for better trade between six countries with
the option of including more countries (Thrän et al., 2014).
-5-
3
Biogas Technological Options
Today, biogas is a renewable and sustainable energy carrier and produced at a high number of
sites throughout Europe. As substrates, various substances like energy crops, organic residuals
or agrarian side products, wastes and waste waters are used. Beside the numerous trace components like ammonia or hydrogen sulphide the main components of biogas are methane (45 to
70 vol%) and carbon dioxide. The state-of-the-art technology for using the energy content of this
biogas is the combustion in gas engines together with the generation of electric energy with a
normal efficiency of 35 to 40%. Due to the rising prices for energy and raw materials, the utilization of the produced waste heat becomes more and more important in order to achieve an ecologically and economically efficient operation of the biogas plant. The feasibility and profitability of
such biogas plants have been demonstrated frequently and as a result, also a considerably number of biogas upgrading plants have been commissioned during the last decades in the world
and, more markedly in the European Union (figure 3), but also in Brazil5.
The upgrading of biogas shows an alternative way of using the energy content of the gas instead
of the conventional way of generating electric power and heat. Upgraded biogas can be used as
a fully-fledged natural gas substitute in all the natural gas applications like fuel for households
and industry as well as propellant for the automotive sector (CNG-vehicles, compressed natural
gas). Doing this, the already well-established natural gas infrastructure such as pipelines, gas
storage tanks and fueling stations can be utilized to transport the produced gas to the consumers.
Figure 3: Location of biogas upgrading plants, connected to anaerobic biodigesters, in operation in 2012 (Source:
Thrän et al. , 2014)
According to numerous experts, the utilization of upgraded biogas as an alternative to the imported natural gas has three major advantages. First of all, the dependency on imported fossil fuels
could be reduced. Secondly, the usage of less greenhouse gas intensive biogas would strongly
support international efforts on reducing the emission of greenhouse gases by decreasing the
share of fossil energy carriers on the primary energy consumption. Thirdly, mainly small and lo-
5Source: Project Virtual Biogas - http://www.virtuellesbiogas.at/node/342
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cally operating companies would benefit from biogas upgrading, resulting in increasing the local
added-value of the specific region and the survivability of these companies.
Today, natural gas is a very popular energy carrier in the whole world, still having high rates of
growth of consumption. The main advantages of natural gas used as an energy carrier are: low
transportation costs due to the use of pipelines as well as low emissions of carbon dioxide and
other pollutants per unit of produced secondary energy compared to other primary energy carriers. The reorientation of a part of today’s transportation sector towards the utilization of natural
gas (and furthermore, utilization of biogas) as a vehicle fuel, potentially results in a significant
reduction of emissions (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, dust, noise).
Usually, the production of sustainable and renewable energy carriers show a disadvantageous
ratio of produced to invested energy (ERoEI, “energy returned on energy invested”). Therefore,
the costs for investment and operation of the plants have to be decreased as far as possible.
Furthermore, the operation of the biogas upgrading has to be highly automated and the effective
personnel requirements have to be minimized to assure controllable personnel cost for the usually relatively small plants.
Biogas/biomethane production can be roughly divided into two technological steps: [bio]digestion
and purification/upgrading. In the following paragraphs the main technological features of both
steps are briefly explained.
Technical options for digester technologies (Luostarinen et al., 2011)
Several different digester technologies are used for anaerobic digestion. Olsson et al. (2005)
have divided biogas technology into three generations by level of technological approach and
increase of bioconversion capacity (figure 4), though not all of the technologies described are
suitable for all types of raw materials. While Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) is still the
most common and widely-used process for digestion of manure, for energy crops and diverse
municipal and industrial raw materials, Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), expanded bed
(such as internal circulation reactor (IC reactor)) and fluidized bed are only suitable for more dilute materials, i.e. mostly wastewaters.
Figure 4: Examples of anaerobic digestion technologies (Source: Luostarinen et al., 2011). CSTR – continuous
stirred tank reactor, UASB – upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
-7-
Technical options for biogas upgrading (Thrän et al., 2014)
To inject biogas in the natural gas grid or to use it as a vehicle fuel, the raw biogas has to be upgraded and pressurized. Biogas upgrading means that the carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen sulphide and other contaminants in the biogas is removed to increase the energy density and to
avoid corrosion or other problems in downstream applications (figure 5).
Figure 5: Biogas upgrading steps
The following list shows possible steps from the biogas extraction/collection to biomethane delivery:
1. Preconditioning treatment – removal of particles, droplets, siloxanes, other trace components
1.1 Particles, droplets: use filter, demister
1.2 Siloxanes: use carbon adsorption (water dewpoint control needed - place a chiller +
reheater in front of the carbon adsorption tower)
1.3 Halogenated hydrocarbons, other hydrocarbons, fatty acids, terpenes: use carbon
adsorption (water dewpoint control needed - place a chiller + re-heater in front of the
carbon adsorption tower)
2. Biogas desulphurization
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
In-situ desulphurization
Air injection
External biological desulphurization
Chemical oxidation
Adsorptive removal (iron oxide, zinc oxide)
Catalytical oxidation and carbon adsorption
stochiometric amount of oxygen)
2.7 Combined with upgrading: water/amine absorption
(impregnated
carbon,
needs
3. Compression
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Various types of compressors available:
Piston compressors
Screw compressors
Water ring pumps
Blowers
-8-
4. Biogas upgrading/separation of CO2 and H2O (Select suitable technology according to:
upgrading capacity, turn-down ratio, shut-down / start-up performance and ease of operation, product quality needed and chemicals and energy consumption)
4.1 Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system, the raw biogas is pressurized (3-10 bar)
and fed into an adsorption column filled with an adsorbent, such as carbon molecular
sieves. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the bed material and the biomethane passes
through. The carbon dioxide is desorbed from the adsorbent by reducing the pressure and using a purge gas (commonly biomethane).
4.2 Water or organic scrubbing, the biogas is pressurized (5-10 bar) and the carbon dioxide is dissolved in the water or a selective organic solvent, e.g., selexol. The biogas is
upgraded and the dissolved carbon dioxide is released from the solvent in a desorption vessel at atmospheric pressure during air stripping. In a water scrubber, hydrogen sulphide is commonly separated together with carbon dioxide. For the other
technologies, an external H2S removal device is needed. Commonly, this is an activated carbon filter, but other technologies also exist on the market.
4.3 Amine absorption, the in water dissolved carbon dioxide (carbon acid) reacts with an
added amine and thus can be separated from the gas stream. This process can be
carried out at atmospheric pressure since it is a chemical reaction that drives the process. Heat is needed to reverse the reaction and release the carbon dioxide in a
stripper vessel and restore the amine.
4.4 Membrane separation, the biogas is pressurized (5 – 20 bar) and fed into the membrane unit. The carbon dioxide, as well as other gas components, permeates through
the membrane, whereas the methane is retained. The performance varies widely depending on the settings (e.g. pressure stages, loops) and the unique design adopted
by each manufacturer.
4.5 Cryogenic separation is a developing technology. Methane and carbon dioxide are
separated by gradually cooling down the raw biogas. All compounds with higher condensation temperature than methane, such as water, hydrogen sulphide, siloxanes
and nitrogen, can be separated in this process. In case of an increasing share of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the market, e.g. for transport, cryogenic separation might
be of growing importance because of the benefits to be gained by integration of CH4
separation with liquefaction units for the CH4.
4.6 Hybrid systems
5. Final conditioning/dew point control, adjustment of heat value, off-gas treatment
5.1 Final conditioning needs depend on upgrading technology and requirements of gas
grid or fuel use: all absorption based upgrading technologies (water scrubbing,
selexol absorption, amine absorption) need gas drying by glycol scrubbing or molecular sieve adsorption. PSA may need mixing buffer tank to level out product concentration fluctuations
5.2 Heating value correction: propane dosing to adjust heating value – consider need for
gas quality and product gas flow measurement for dosing control
5.3 Delivery pressure adjustment: pressure reduction or increase depends on feed-in
conditions
5.4 Odor dosing: e.g. THT (tetrahydrothiophene) or similar dosing equipment and control
5.5 Gas quality measurement: local regulations and agreements may require continuous
quality measurement (e.g. process gas chromatography)
Technical options for biogas/biomethane energetic use (Cabral et al., 2015)
The main options for biogas and biomethane that may be considered technically mature and
proven in the praxis are (Figure 6):


Biogas stationary engines to generate power and heat;
Biogas fired boilers (heat generation);
-9-

Biogas upgrading to biomethane, injection in the grid and further use as a natural gas
similar energy source (heat, power and vehicle fuel).
Figure 6: Application of biogas and biomethane as energy source (Source: Cabral et al., 2015).
The possible end-uses of biomethane do not differ from those for natural gas. Biomethane is
chemically similar to a lean natural gas with lower levels of higher hydrocarbons. Therefore some
characteristics of biomethane injected to the NG pipeline may need to be adjusted by addition of
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), if the product requirement in the specific grid cannot be reached.
Biomethane is fully miscible in all proportions with its fossil counterpart, and fully interchangeable
from an end-user perspective.
The preferred end-use of biomethane depends heavily on the framework conditions of the country
where it is produced.
If electricity generation is favored, the raw biogas is only upgraded to biomethane if the direct
production of power and heat from biogas is not possible. In comparison to on-site conversion of
biogas into electricity, the upgrading of biogas to biomethane affords much more flexible use of
biomethane so that better utilization of heat can be achieved. A recent trend has been for countries to provide subsidies to promote biogas upgrading for natural gas (NG) pipeline injection in
cases where heat recovered after electricity generation is wasted due to lack of available market.
This way, biomethane becomes similar to natural gas regarding its distribution and availability for
all types of electricity generation end-uses. Examples of European countries where electricity
generation from biogas dominates are Germany, Spain and Austria.
Examples of countries where grid injection schemes are becoming increasingly common are the
Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, the United Kingdom and Germany.
Biomethane can also be used directly as automotive fuel, in which case it can be produced to the
same compositional standard as pipeline NG, or it can be made to a higher specification for higher performance vehicles.
Specifically, in the European Union, by the end of 2013, biomethane was available as an automotive fuel in 13 countries (Green Gas Grids). Policies such as tax reductions on clean vehicles and
renewable fuel quota systems are important for the emergence and growth of this form of use.
Sweden is the country in Europe where this utilization route is dominating, due to the significantly
lower tariff for green electricity (tenfold lower than Germany; quota system with market controlled
pricing). Hard facts about biomethane utilization as transport fuel are sparse.
- 10 -
Three countries dominate in terms of volumes used: USA (600-1,000 GWh/a in 2013), fourfold
increase projected for 2014) Germany (150-500 GWh/a, in 2013), and finally Sweden, the only
country, besides Iceland, where the biomethane utilization for automotive purposes is larger than
the one for natural gas (869 GWh/a biomethane out of a total 1,493 GWh/a in 2013). Other countries with statistics from the year 2013 for biomethane are the Netherlands (ca 240 GWh/a), Switzerland (90-180 GWh/a), Austria (35 GWh/a), Norway (30 GWh/a), France (20 GWh/a), Iceland
(20 GWh/a), Italy (15 GWh/a) and Finland (10 GWh/a). The United Kingdom is also using
biomethane for automotive purposes, but no statistics are available. A very rough world estimate
would be 2-3 TWh/a, rising rapidly up to 6 TWh/a if the projections for the US holds true (Thrän et
al., 2014).
As an automotive fuel, biomethane clearly outranks petrol with a high methane number (biogas
often has a methane number in excess of 100, indicating a high knock resistance), but only in a
fully dedicated internal combustion engine (ICE) can this be fully exploited. In most cases, the
gas is used in bi-fuel mode, so the spark ignited ICE is a compromise design, based upon the
combustion constraints of both petrol and methane. In heavy duty applications, compression ignited diesel ICE’s are still better compared to dedicated methane powered spark ignited ICE’s.
This is however gradually changing, in part through the application of advanced control strategies
and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
In comparison to stationary electricity generating ICE’s working at steady-state, the trace components in biomethane used as automotive fuel need to be controlled even further, due to the transient operation and stricter emission regulations in automotive applications.
Finally, biomethane can be used as a feedstock for the production of many different products
(paints, plastics, detergents, etc.) in the specialty chemicals industry. There is a keenness to increase the renewable share in the products, provided costs are justified.
- 11 -
4
Biogas sector and potential in Brazil
In Brazil the biogas market is still in an initial development phase, but interest is steadily growing,
very likely because of three key facts:
1. The huge biomass and organic waste water occurrence and availability of the market (see
table 4 and table 5 for preliminary estimates) and,
2. The Brazilian National Policy on Solid Residues (“Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos”
(PNRS), Brazil, 2012), approved by Law 12,350/2010 and initially planned to fully enter
into force by the end of 2015.
3. Increasing energy prices for fossil fuels, especially for CNG and LPG during the last decade
The PNRS’s goal is to avoid and prevent generation of solid residues by promoting sustainability,
increasing recycling and re-utilization and appropriate final disposal while sharing responsibilities
with the whole society, namely government, producers, sellers and consumers. The development
of the law was a very long process with intense public participation initiated in 1991.
After several calls and almost 20 years discussion the law was approved on August 2 nd, 2010,
and regulated by Decree 7,404 from December 23rd, 2010, which included a few provisions related to energetic use of residues, for example:


Art. 3, para. VII – adequate final destination: including reutilization, recycling, composting,
recovery, energetic use or any other destination allowed by the local/regional responsible
authorities...;
Art. 15, para. IV – goals/targets for minimum energetic use of biogas generated in municipal solid waste final deposition unities;
Additionally, on September 30th, 2014, the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) issued Resolution number 1807, approving the auction of contracts for the supply of energy from
solar photovoltaic, wind and biomass/bioenergy. Bioenergy may be generated from municipal
solid waste, biogas from landfills and sewage sludge treatment plants, as well as biogas plants
treating animal waste. The electricity supply contracts sold in this auction will be subject to duration of up to twenty (20) years. Expressed in Euro per MWh, the submitted price to generate electricity from biogas was 53.82 €/MWh (1 Euro = 3.14 BRL at the time). This auction was the first to
allow different kWh prices for each type of renewable source of electricity; in effect allowing for
differences between the generating costs for solar, wind and bioenergy (IEA Bioenergy, 2015).
The regulation policy 687/20156 promotes the so called micro- and mini-generation for small and
medium renewable energy power plants up to 75 kW (micro with simplified regulation) and for
solar, wind and biomass power plants up to 5 MW (mini) within the established net metering resolution. Net metering allows consumers, which generate some or all of their own electricity with
own RE-power plants, to use the generated electricity at anytime, instead of when it is generated.
Agro-industry companies, with a relatively high electricity demand of up to 1 MW in their production sites could use the net metering resolution to reduce significantly their monthly electricity
bills. In some regions and according to the consumption structure, electricity prices range up to a
maximum of USD 0,17 per kWh (see table 3), which may offer attractive additional energy costs
savings besides the environmental benefits for the investing company.
Furthermore, Brazil has one of the highest fuel prices for gas fuels like CNG and LPG in the region7, as shown in table 3, which results in average calorific prices of around USD 0,06 per kWhi
for CNG and around USD 0,09 per kWhi for LPG. According to the German “Fachagentur
Nachwachsende Rohstoffe” (FNR)8, specific raw biogas generation costs (including capital ex-
6 ANEEL, 2015: Resolução normativa Nº 687, de 24 de novembro de 2015
7 Metrogas 2013: Comparación Internacional de Tarifas de Gas Natural para Clientes Residenciales e Industriales a Junio
2013
8 Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe FNR: Leitfaden Biogasaufbereitung und – Einspeisung (2014)
- 12 -
penditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) in Germany range between EUR 0,05
and EUR 0,07 per kWhi. In tropical regions these costs can be reduced for large scale organic
waste water biogas plants up to USD 0,025 per kWhi9, due to less technology requirements for
heating, insulation or solid feeding. Thereby, on-site generated biogas can provide in some cases
a fuel with a specific cost, which is up to 50% below the current Brazilian gas price equivalents.
Since the modification of industrial gas boilers for the use of biogas can be realized as a simple
technical installation measure with low investment costs, companies with a constant consumption
of CNG or LPG in industrial appliances can be identified by technology providers and project developers as future potential investors in order to reduce their monthly energy bill and improve
their environmental performance.
Table 3: Average Energy prices in Brazil April 2016 (Source ANEEL 2016 and ANP 2016)
Unit
Electricity*
CNG**
LPG**
Diesel**
USD/kWhel
USD/m³
USD/kg
USD/l
Minimum Average
Maximum
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
0,07
0,50
0,75
0,74
$
$
$
$
0,13
0,63
1,15
0,84
Efficiency/ Heat
Value
0,17
0,84
1,76
1,11
Calorific Price
(Hi)
35%
10 kWh/m3
12,5 kWh/kg
10 kWh/l
$
$
$
$
(Average)
0,04 USD/kWh
0,06 USD/kWh
0,09 USD/kWh
0,08 USD/kWh
*according to ANEEL, April 2016: T ariffs Grupo B1: www.aneel.gov.br/ranking-das-tarifas
**according to ANP, April 2016: www.anp.gov.br/preco/prc/Resumo_Semanal_combustiveis.asp
Table 3 shows also a further economic long-term potential for the partial substitution of fossil fuels
in the transport sector with upgraded biogas like biomethane or Bio-CNG. Specific costs for upgrading biogas range between USD 0,015 and USD 0,03 per kWhi depending on size and technology (FNR 2014) and can result in lower overall production costs compared to the current calorific prices of other fossil fuels in Brazil. Nevertheless, this requires a broad investment, development and promotion of the CNG- infrastructure including gas and service stations, which currently
provides 1.758 CNG-service-stations country-wide.10
In spite of the recent notable development there is still no official consolidated figure and no actual consensus on the potential production of biogas in the country, but a few estimates indicate a
very promising market:


According to ABiogas (2015), the potential biogas production in Brazil can be estimated in
a conservative manner in 23 billion m³/year (~ 63 million m³/day), being equivalent to approximately 12 billion liters diesel. Considering an average share of 60% de methane in
the biogas, and using the global warming potential (GWP) of 21 for methane (CO2 by definition has GWP = 1), there is a substantial potential (over 100 million tonnes of CO2
equivalent) for greenhouse gases emissions reduction by the use of biogas as energy
source in Brazil.
Table 4 indicates potentials according to EPE (2014), which indicates a biogas potential
from municipal waste, sewage treatment and residues and waste waters from agroindustry and agriculture of over 100 million m³ per day, which comes close to Brazil´s daily consumption of natural gas.
9 GIZ Honduras, 2013: Estudio de Factibilidad para una planta de biogás a base de aguas residuales de la producción de
aceite de palma africana en Tocóa, Honduras
- 13 -
Table 4: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) energy conversion potential in Brazil (source: EPE, 2014)
Landfill gas
Incineration
Anaerobic digestion
Landfill gas
Anaerobic digestion

11
MSW energetic use, technical potential
Avoided energy use due to recycling
Power generation (MWh)
(MWh)
2,453,930
25,039,390
41,984,300
6,850,070
216,759,940
Biomethane production
Avoided energy use due to recycling
(103 m3 natural gas)
(103 m3 natural gas)
662,500
1,494,318
21,179,545
total (MWh)
67,023,690
223,610,010
Total (103 m3
natural gas)
22,673,864
Table 5 indicates potentials according to AHK-RJ (2015)
Table 5: Theoretical biogas potential from residues in Brazil in 2014 (source: AHK-RJ, 2015)
In spite of the significant potential, the market is still in its development phase, even if with notable recent growth. In 2014 there were already at least 22 biogas power generation plants in operation with 84 MW installed capacity and 8 more under licensing process, comprising additional 86
MW installed capacity (table 6).
Table 6: Biogas-based power generation plants in Brazil in 2014 (Source: Roller et al., 2014)
BIOGAS PLANTS IN OPERATION
Substrate
Landfill gas
Wastewater
Manure
Food Industry
Total
N° of plants
7
Installed capacity (MW)
77
3
10
2
2284
4
2
0,9
BIOGAS PLANTS IN LICENSING
Substrate
Landfill gas
Wastewater
Food Industry
Sugar cane Residues
Total
N° of plants
4
1
1
Installed capacity (MW)
68
2,6
0,04
2
8
15,8
86
11“tep” is the Portuguese acronym for tonne of oil equivalent ( “tonelada equivalente de petróleo”, and is equivalent to 1 tep =
11.63 x 103 kWh).
- 14 -
5
Biogas sector/market in the European
Union
According to the EBA Biogas Report (Przadka, 2015), more than 14,000 biogas plants are already operating in Europe and the number is still growing (figure 7). In the center of attention in
2013 were central European countries: Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland where
an increase of 18% in the number of biogas plants in the region was recorded. Other key biogas
producing countries, such as the UK, France and Sweden, continue to develop on a steady rate
over several years already.
Figure 7: Biogas plants in Europe (Source: Przadka, 2015)
Biomethane industry followed the growing trend of biogas, reaching 282 plants across Europe
with a total production of over 1.3 billion m3 (figure 8). Utilization possibilities are emerging, as the
number of biomethane filling stations doubled in 2013 increasing the share of biomethane used in
transport to 10% of the total produced biomethane in Europe.
- 15 -
Figure 8: Biomethane plants in Europe (Source: Przadka, 2015)
In a more recent mapping published in January 2016 the European Biogas Association12 states:
There were 17,240 biogas plants in Europe by the end of 2014. This is a remarkable number,
especially when realizing that it represents 18% growth. Also development of biomethane industry shows outstanding results, with 367 plants, 23% increase compare to 2013… In terms of biogas production, national associations and third-party observers quantify the total amount of electricity produced from biogas at 63.3 TWh, a number that corresponds to the annual consumption
of 14.6 million European households… A steady increase can be appreciated in the biomethane
sector, with 87 new biogas upgrading units commissioned…These numbers reflect a clear development in Europe, showing that the biogas industry is a mature one, capable of withstanding less
profitable times while able to successfully seek for opportunities in the meantime. It can be then
expected that these positive trends will continue in the short future, while all eyes are set on the
policy development expected at an international level as a result of the recent COP21 meeting in
Paris.
Being the continent with the strongest development in the area, almost all needed technical solutions are available in the European Union. Just as an example, the European Biogas Association
consisted at the end of 2015 (EBA, 2016) in 35 full members (national or regional biogas associations) and 47 associate members (companies, universities, research institutes, public authorities
and individuals). The same association publishes a catalog of companies in the sector once a
year. In the most recent version of the document (EBA, 2016b) a list detailing services, contact
details and references of 35 companies, with many small and medium enterprises, is presented in
the following business areas:

Planners, manufacturers of biogas plants
o project development, planning
o construction and commissioning Support
o full-system suppliers/ turnkey plants
12 Press release: EBA Biogas Report 2015 published - a record growth in Europe (http://european-biogas.eu/policies/positionpapers/ accessed on 03-Mar-2016).
- 16 -

Operators
o Biogas plant
o Biomethane plant

Manufacturers, suppliers of plant components
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

cogeneration units
Connection to gas grid
Construction and insulation materials
Control and instrumentation systems
Covers, films and foils
Fans and compressor
Feeding, metering and weighing systems
Fermentation product processing, separation systems
Fermenters/containers
Gas accumulators
Gas analysis
Gas cleaning, gas processing
Gas control systems
heat utilization
Process aids (e.g. enzymes)
Safety systems, monitoring and warning systems
Stirring and pump systems
Substrate preparation and processing
Transformers, connection to electricity grid
Washing and cleaning systems
Waste treatment
Substrate
o Storage and silos

Services, consulting
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Consulting
financing
TI/software for plant management
Substrate analysis/fermentation tests
Biological support
Plant refurbishment
Nutrient auditing
Legal advice/legal support
Science, research
o Feedstock optimization, process optimization and instrumentation.
o Pretreatment, nitrogen rich substrates, digestate processing, nutrient recovery, H2 utilization, viscosity, bio-refinery, fermentation, microbiology, utilization of industrial
waste, algae
o Investigation of the whole process chain for electricity, heat, and energy source production from biomass

Others
o
o
o
o
Training
Process Simulation
Feasibility studies, due diligence and profitability analyses
Technology and system monitoring, evaluation and optimization
- 17 -
The biogas and biomethane sector in the European Union is the most developed in the world not
only in terms of technology but also in services and business models. Communications with players in the European Union and in Brazil indicated that all technologies and services needed for
the development of the industry in Brazil are provided by suppliers in the European Union. Nevertheless a few barriers (see chapter 4) still hinder a more intense exchange. The main factors are
costs and regulatory uncertainties (including planned incentive policies not being released). Also,
the type of available biomass for biogas production differs from the Brazilian market. While in the
EU energy crops and other more solid organic materials remain the main input substrates for
biogas production, the main biogas potential in Brazil comes from organic waste waters. Organic
waste water requires more reactor volume and a different concept of agitation in some cases, but
on the other side in a lot of cases does not need additional heat energy to guarantee the required
process temperature. A possible way for EU SMEs to increase exchange of services and products with Brazil and to overcome cost barriers is to form partnerships with local suppliers and
local companies willing to represent and supply services from EU companies.
Local investors and stakeholders are already lobbying towards a more business friendly environment and positive developments are expected in the next couple of years, for example, the regulation of injection of biomethane into the natural gas grids is under discussion since beginning of
2015 and is expected to be released in 2016.
Lack of capacity and know-how was also mentioned in the contacts carried out, but here the
LCBA has an important role to play introducing players on both sides to facilitate the information
exchange and business opportunities. EU companies which are planning to enter the Brazilian
biogas market should be aware that besides different market and cultural aspects, technology
standards and designs might need to be adapted according to substrate availability, climate conditions, commercialization interest and benefits of biogas. The focus should be on the huge potential of organic waste and organic waste water from the agro-industry and the technical challenges, less on the digestion of energy crops and a fixed guaranteed feed-in-tariff.
- 18 -
6
Brazilian Biogas Market Barriers
With respect to market barriers, the Probiogas Project commissioned AHK (2015) to carry out a
research interviewing 38 selected stakeholders. The report identified the following barriers and
difficulties:
1. Cost benefit ratio: high CAPEX (investment costs) and OPEX (operational costs) partially
limit investment decisions and foreign technology transfer. High costs can be further detailed as:
a. High transaction costs, including acquisition of technology/know-how, transportation,
capacity building/training, local services supply
b. Market with very high potential but still under development
c. High demand on the quality and quantity of the biogas for commercial purposes,
d. High taxes and importation fees
e. Lack of standardization in the local market
f. High maintenance costs, especially when low quality local components are used trying
to reduce investment costs or for equipment dependent on maintenance and supply
parts not locally available.
Regarding the above mentioned cost-benefit-ratio it should additionally be mentioned, that even
the claimed high CAPEX and OPEX could eventually be justified for the market, if there would be
an appropriate benefit and an open access to financial resources and programmes for investors
and project developers. Clear frameworks and legal procedures for the establishment of financial
benefits from electricity generation, fuel substitution, fertilizer production and even improved environmental impacts can help technology providers to create awareness for a high-efficient, more
expensive technology compared to maybe inefficient low-cost local technology. Chapter 4 explains the economic potential for individual biogas plants in Brazil i) for direct on-site substitution
of CNG and LPG, ii) electricity generation from biogas by using the new established net metering
framework in specific consumption structures and iii) future potential of the usage of biomethane
as a transport fuel. Another indicated local barrier can be seen as an opportunity for EU companies, the high dependence on foreign know-how and equipment. The low number of local suppliers leads to low level knowledge, capacity and options but, on the other hand, high level of opportunities for new entrants. The above mentioned lack of standardization in the local market refers
to the existence of low-efficient and comparably cheap biogas technology. This can be seen as a
potential risk for the biogas market, since the trust in biogas technology, as an established and
efficient energetic source and environmental treatment system, needs to be improved in order to
overcome a rejection of potential clients, who already made or heard about less successful biogas experiences.
Specifically, with respect to the commercialization of generated electricity, the following barriers
were mentioned:
1. Free market: only available for big consumers/clients and interesting when the offered
price is smaller than the ones in the regulated market. As the regulated market is strongly
dependent on hydropower (corresponding to over 60% of the installed capacity in the
country13) and, consequently, on rain patterns, it may be interesting in drier periods (for
example from 2012 to 2015) of for clients willing to lock prices on long-term contracts.
2. Regulated market: biogas project can (and did already) participate on specific new energy
auctions but by the end of 2015 none were able to offer competitive bids.
13 Source: ANEEL – Capacidade de Geração do Brasil
(http://www.aneel.gov.br/aplicacoes/capacidadebrasil/capacidadebrasil.cfm, accessed on 02-Mar-2016).
- 19 -
3. Captive generation/self-consumption – possible and occurring but taxation lack of clarity
in a few states is limiting broader development (→ hopefully reduced under the recently
published new net metering resolution No 687/2015)
Regarding the commercialization of biomethane, the following barriers are mentioned in the
study:
1. Gas network concession monopoly, in the praxis the only buyer is the operator of the
network in the region. Additionally, there is still no regulation on the supply of biomethane
in the natural gas network, therefore, today it is still not possible (regulation is under discussion/development and definition is likely in 2016).
2. High investment and operation costs for the biogas upgrading to biomethane.
3. Lack of operating projects and, therefore, reference projects. The few operating projects
have little history and, therefore, no literature on operation difficulties and solutions and
economic results are available.
4. Due to the lack of operating projects there is still not enough literature/information of
technical, legal and commercial available. There are many technological and business
options but there is very low local experience. Actual developers still face the burden to
evaluate many options with almost no local experience.
5. Due to the low number of initiatives the financial market has very little understanding of
the biomethane business opportunities and, consequently, does not offer interesting financing options. Although the Brazilian National Policy on Solid Residues (Política
Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos - PNRS) foresees support to biogas activities, no specific
incentive or supporting mechanism was defined since the approval of the policy.
Even though there have been undeniable advancements, much work is still needed in the sector.
The minimum content of biomethane in the São Paulo state gas grid is yet to be defined, and that
does not create an obligation for the gas distribution companies to inject biomethane in the grid.
Also, the compensation system that came into force with the net metering resolution still fails to
fully promote decentralized electricity production from biogas, since many companies with high
electricity consumption do not have a significant biogas potential and vice versa according to
Roller et al. (2014).
Beyond that, other technological, economical, infrastructural and professional capacity challenges
are inevitably present in a country with continental dimensions and large regional differences −
including a broad variety of different substrates, climate conditions and local markets.
Additionally, from the interviews and meeting carried out within the elaboration of this report between December 2015 and March 2016, the following can be listed




The high volatility of the exchange rate in the period increases the risk of any contract
signed in EUR.
The low experience of EU SMEs suppliers in the country and the differences on substrate
will likely demand adaptations to local conditions (also known as “tropicalization of
equipments”).
Many of the operating municipal/state sludge treatment companies are public (or partially
public). In this case, production and use of biogas is subject to public concessions and, in
many cases, the activity depends on missing regulation.
Most of the players in Brazil are willing to evaluate alternative services and technologies
but the majority will have resistance to buy equipment from companies with no presence
(commercial, maintenance, training, etc.) in the country.
- 20 -
7
Biogas and biomethane industry needs
and gaps in Brazil
As explained above, the biogas and biomethane industry in Brazil is still in a development phase.
Therefore, opportunities and market gaps can be fulfilled in almost all possible technological
steps of production.
1. Biogas production, anaerobic digestion
There is already experience with biogas production in the country. Worth mentioning are anaerobic digestion in sewage treatment stations and the many mostly methane avoidance projects built
due to incentives from the clean development mechanism (CDM) (50 landfill gas and 63 biogas
from manure management in pig farms; Inter-ministerial Commission on Climate Change
(CIMGC), 2014). Nevertheless, less than 10% of the projects use the generated biogas for energetic purposes or any advanced biodigestion technology. With respect to biomethane production,
today there are two operating commercial projects (Gramacho Landfill, operation start in 2013
and, Dois Arcos Landfill, operation start in 2015, both in Rio de Janeiro) and one additional under
construction (Fortaleza Landfill in Ceara, operation start forecasted in 2016). Due the existing
experience there is some availability of know-how and capacity in biogas extraction and collection
in landfills, but very limited in advanced biodigestion technologies and many opportunities for
companies and manufacturers offering optimized/increased biogas capturing systems design and
biogas generation in landfills, wastewater, agricultural and industrial residues and livestock waste.
2. Biogas low-pressure suction/transport
Due to the existing biogas projects there is already experience/know-how/capacity with lowtechnologies operation, nevertheless opportunities are given for companies/manufacturers offering novel optimized solutions.
3. Biogas Flaring
Due to the existing biogas projects there is already enough experience with low-technologies
operation (frequently open flaring) but opportunities for companies/manufacturers offering novel
optimized solutions (enclosed flaring).
4. Biogas compression (for process)
With only two operating upgrading biogas to biomethane commercial unities in the country, experience, capacity and know-how in the area is low which means opportunities for companies offering alternatives and optimized design are given. The existing natural gas industry on the other
hand has a long-term experience with compressing methane and gaseous fuels for grid aspects.
5. Biogas upgrading - CO2 removal, N2/O2 removal, H2S Removal, drying, siloxanes
removal, final conditioning, dewpoint control, adjustment of heat value, etc.
With only two operating upgrading biogas to biomethane commercial unities in the country, there
is very little experience, capacity and know-how in the area and many opportunities for companies offering alternatives, training, capacity building and, ideally, willing to offer local services/maintenance. For H2S removal and drying, some experience is available, because removal
is required for biogas use in combined heat and power (CHP) and burners (especially for biogas
from slurry, wastewater and organic waste).
6. Biogas/biomethane monitoring and control
In spite of the reasonable number of facilities, few of them have the objective of energetic exploitation for the generated biogas. The vast majority has the objective of reducing organic matter in
residues (mostly wastewater and livestock residues) in order to comply with environmental restrictions of wastewater disposal. For that reason, most of the plants are not designed and built to
optimize biogas production or have any advanced monitoring and control strategy. For the same
reason no consolidated or precise biogas generation statistics exist. The Probiogas Project
launched in 2014 a project with the objective to monitor inputs and outputs in 10 selected sewage
- 21 -
treatment plants but faced many practical difficulties and up to the beginning of 2016 no result is
published yet. Therefore, there is still very little experience, capacity and know-how in the area
which provides opportunities for companies offering alternatives, training, capacity building and
local services/maintenance.
7. Biogas use - process heat, biogas boilers
Due to the existing biogas projects experience/know-how/capacity with low-technologies operation are existing, nevertheless there are still opportunities for companies/manufacturers offering
novel optimized solutions. For example, most of the sewage treatment plants using anaerobic
processes, if not all, simply flare the biogas, in spite of the possibility to use the heat generated to
increase the efficiency of the process. There is an additional potential for concepts and technologies which allow the direct substitution of CNG and LPG in industrial boilers (double-fuel burners,
external intermediate storage concepts), due to the high gas prices in Brazil (see chapter 5).
8. Biogas use - power generation, combined heat and power
It is the most applied use for biogas in the country (see table 6 above), but in most cases with
simple and rudimentary setup. Suited also for isolated businesses in rural areas with electricity
and heat demands
Due to the existing biogas projects there is already experience/know-how/capacity with lowtechnologies operation, nevertheless there are great potentials and opportunities for companies/manufacturers offering novel optimized solutions.
9. Biogas/biomethane use - transportation fuel
With only two operating upgrading biogas to biomethane commercial unities in the country, none
with planned biomethane use as transportation fuel experience, capacity and know-how are poor
in the area and many opportunities for companies offering alternatives, training, capacity building
and, ideally, willing to offer local services/maintenance.
At least two pilot/development projects are being forecasted in the short/medium term.

Global Environmental Facility (GEF) Trust Fund, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), Itaipu Binacional / CIBiogás-ER14
o Project name: Biogas Applications for the Brazilian Agro-industry
o Project description/objective: To reduce GHG emission and dependence on fossil fuels
through the promotion of biogas-based mobility and other energy solutions for productive uses within agro-industrial value chains and by strengthening of national biogas
technology supply chains. The objective of this project is to nationally stimulate biogas
plant development. It aims to demonstrate the implementation of a medium to large
scale plant (up to 3000 m3 biogas per day).

German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
(BMUB) and SABESP15
o Project name: Use of sludge gas of a municipal wastewater treatment plant for transportation purposes in Franca, Brazil
o Project description/objective: As a part of international efforts geared towards climate
protection, the BMU supports selected projects in partner countries, which contribute to
the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Such is the case with the project of the
Fraunhofer IGB with the Brazilian water provider and sewage disposal company
SABESP. The project aim is to gather the sludge gases produced in the city of Franca’s sewage plant, operated by SABESP, and purifying it until it reaches the quality of
natural gas (bio-methane). This product, considered today to be one of the most envi-
14 GEF Project #9057 (https://www.thegef.org/gef/project_detail?projID=9057, accessed on 6-Mar-2016).
15 Brazilian vehicle fleet drives on bio-methane from the sewage plant
(http://www.igb.fraunhofer.de/en/competences/environmental-biotechnology/bioenergy/biomethane-as-a-fuel-from-biogas-ofsewage-plants.html, accessed on 6-Mar-2016).
- 22 -
ronmentally sound fuels in existence, shall in turn be made available to a fleet of vehicles. The benefits of this fuel are truly great due to its balanced carbon footprint – its
combustion creates virtually no new greenhouse gases.
Additionally, there is a huge potential for biogas/biomethane generation and use in the sugar &
bioethanol industry, with many sugar mills and an association (UNICA), which is already studying
the subject and prospecting alternatives. Of special interest is the diesel-CNG (biomethane) conversion for heavy duty vehicles (trucks and tractors). Diesel represents around 35% of the operational costs of a sugar mill.
10. Biomethane Compression
With only two operating upgrading biogas to biomethane commercial unities in the country, there
is very little experience, capacity and know-how in the area and many opportunities for companies offering alternatives, training, capacity building and, ideally, willing to offer local services/maintenance.
11. Digestate Disposal/Use
Digestate disposal or use poses a big challenge on projects dealing with high volumes of substrate. Land application is the preferred option but regulatory risks are to be considered. Further
knowledge on digestate agronomic properties and environmental risks would go a long way trying
to address the issue. Further processing technologies for the digestate such as composting, drying, mixing with mineral fertilizer, etc. are also options that could be explored in order to add value
to the business. There is still very little experience, capacity and know-how in the area and many
opportunities for companies offering alternatives, training, capacity-building and local services/maintenance.
For a more detailed overview evaluation of gaps and needs of the biogas/biomethane sector in
Brazil see annex 1 – Technology demand map.
- 23 -
8
Business potential for European Union
Small and Medium Enterprises
The realized assessment identified gaps of technologies in almost all stages of biogas production,
preparation and use, with noteworthy innovation needs at 1) production in sewage treatment
plants, agricultural residues, animal livestock waste, 2) upgrading, 3) process monitoring
and 4) use as transportation fuel (see annex 1).
With the gathered information in the present mapping report the author is confident to state that
there is a very big suppressed need of alternative services and technologies in the Brazilian
biogas market and, that there are many potential SMEs suppliers in the European Union willing to
offer their products in the country.
The above section on potentials and barriers explained that EU SMEs are willing to participate in
the Brazilian biogas market. A few barriers need to be reduced by, for example:



Working together with financial institutions able to offer applicable special financing conditions (for example, export credit agencies in the EU).
Developing associations and/or joint-ventures in Brazil with local companies to increase
the capacity to carry out some local research and adapt/tropicalize equipment/services.
Support local initiatives supplying local capacity building in the private (technical and financial) and public sectors, for example, the Probiogas Project.
EU companies interested in the Brazilian market should be aware of finding a different biogas
market structure. Related to substrates the biggest potentials come from agro-industrial organic
waste waters, which in tropical zone are normally more profitable to be digested in anaerobic
lagoons, less in concrete or steel tanks. Also, the future potential of biogas usage might be more
focused on the substitution of the high-priced CNG and LPG or the parallel use of biomethane
in the transport sector in combination with CNG. As a fuel for electricity generation, biogas is less
attractive since
i) there are no fix feed-in tariffs in Brazil,
ii) electricity prices in Brazil varies strongly and are normally below potential break-even
points for biogas plants being profitable to be substituted with electricity from biogas only
for special consumer profiles and
iii) Brazil covers already 74% of her overall electricity matrix with renewable energies mainly
generated with hydro-power.16
The environmental advantage of biogas plants from reducing the load of organic waste water is
an important matter, technology providers should focus on in their concepts and project proposals. By offering efficient and adopted biogas concepts, improved environmental aspects
in combination with energy cost savings or additional income from energy supply can convince
Brazilian investors and companies to invest in high-efficient technologies from Europe.
- 24 -
9
Identified potential partner organizations in Brazil
Several donors, related institutions and associations in the biogas sector in Brazil have been contacted in the first two months of 2016. The following ones were identified as most promising ones
and already indicated interest to cooperate with the LCBA, including spreading the word and forwarding communication about a possible matchmaking mission:





Associação Brasileira de Biogas e Biometano, ABiogas
Associação Brasileira de Biogas e Metano, ABBM
PROBIOGAS Project
Cogen
Abrelpe
- 25 -
10
Initial indication of potential participants (SMEs) in Brazil through partner
organization
Several companies and stakeholders in the biogas sector in Brazil have been contacted in the
first two months of 2016. The following lists of companies operating in Brazil can be used as initial
mailing/invitation lists of a possible matchmaking mission:

Market stakeholders/actors (table 7, AHK-RJ, 2015).
Table 7: Selected players in the Brazilian biogas market (source: AHK-RJ, 2015)


List of Technologies and biogas companies in Brazil (“Lista de Tecnologias e Empresas
de Biogas;” PROBIOGAS, 2015).
Catalog of tecnologies and biogas companies (“Catálogo de tecnologias e empresas de
biogás;” Thieme et al., 2015).
- 26 -

Complete list of participants in the events “Forum da Indústria do Biogas,” organized by
Probiogas Project in Brazil, in 2014 (114 participants) and 2015 (157 participants, 99 participants in the matchmaking activity, with brief description of the companies) available,
mostly Brazilian companies (List of the 2015 participants partially available at
http://www.forumdobiogas.com.br/index.php/pt_br/2015-10-04-21-35-24/participantes,
accessed on 04-Mar-2016. Complete lists submitted by the Probiogas Project in a personal communication).
- 27 -
11
Identified potential partner organizations in the EU
Several institutions and associations in the biogas sector in the European Union with a potential
interest into the Brazilian biogas market have been contacted in the first two months of 2016. The
following ones were identified as most promising ones and already indicated interest to cooperate
with the LCBA, including spreading the word and forwarding communication about a possible
matchmaking mission:



German Biogas Association
Czech Biogas Association
Additionally, the following national and regional associations (list from URL: http://europeanbiogas.eu/members/eba-members/, accessed on10-Feb-2016) were already contacted and informed about the LCBA by the EBA.
Austria
ARGE Kompost & Biogas (Austrian Compost & Biogas Association)
Belgium
Biogas-E– het platform voor anaerobe vergisting in Vlaanderen (Anaerobic digestion platform of Flanders)
EDORA – Fédération des Energies Renouvelables (Renewable Energy Federation)
ValBiom – Association de valorisation de la biomasse (Wallonian association for the valorisation of biomass)
Vlaco npo – Flemish compost and biogas association
Czech Republic (contacted)
CzBA – Ceská Bioplynová Asociace (Czech Biogas Association)
Denmark
Brancheforeningen for Biogas (Danish Biogas Association)
Estonia
Eesti Biogaasi Assotsiatsioon MTÜ (Estonian Biogas Association)
Finland
Suomen Biokaasuyhdistys (Finnish Biogas Association)
France
AAMF – Association des Agriculteurs Méthaniseurs de France (Association of Biogas Farmers of France)
ATEE Club Biogaz (Biogas Club of the Technical Association for Energy and the Environment)
METHEOR – Association pour la Méthanisation Ecologique des Déchets (Ass. for the Ecological Anaerobic Digestion
of Waste)
Germany (contacted)
Fachverband Biogas e.V. (German Biogas Association)
FNBB – Fördergesellschaft für nachhaltige Biogas- und Bioenergienutzung e.V. (Society for the Promotion of Sustainable Biogas and Bioenergy)
Greece
HEL.BI.O (Hellenic Biogas Association)
Hungary
Magyar Biogáz Egyesület (Hungarian Biogas Association)
Italy
CIB – Consorzio Italiano Biogas e Gassificazione (Italian Consortium of Biogas and Gasification)
- 28 -
FIPER – Federazione Italiana di Produttori di Energia da Fonti Rinnovabili (Italian Federation of Renewable Energy
Producers)
Ireland
Cré – Composting & Anaerobic Digestion Association of Ireland
IrBEA – Irish Bioenergy Association
RGFI – Renewable Gas Forum Ireland
Latvia
Latvijas Bigazes asociacija (Latvian Biogas Association)
Lithuania
Lietuvos Bioduju Asociacija (Lithuanian Biogas Association)
The Netherlands
BBO – Biogas Branche Organisatie (Biogas Industry Organization)
VGGP – Vereniging Groen Gas Producenten (Association of Green Gas Producers)
Poland
PIGEO – Polska Izba Gospodarcza Energii Odnawialnej (Polish Economic Chamber of Renewable Energy)
Romania
ARBIO – Asociatia Romana Biomasa si Biogaz (Romanian Association of Biomass and Biogas)
Serbia
Udruženje Biogas Srbija (Biogas Association of Serbia)
Slovakia
AVEOZ – Asociácia výrobcov energie z obnovitelných zdrojov (Association of producers of renewable energies)
Slovenia
Sekcija bioplinarjev pri GZS-Zbornici kmetijskih in živilskih podjetij (Biogas section of the Chamber of Commerce and
Industry of Food and Agriculture)
Spain
AEBIG – Asociación Española de Biogás (Spanish Biogas Association)
Sweden
Energigas Sverige (Swedish Gas Association)
United Kingdom
ADBA – The Anaerobic Digestion and Bioresources Association (The Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association)
REA Biogas Group (UK Renewable Energy Association)
- 29 -
12
Initial indication of potential suppliers
in the EU
Several companies and agencies from the biogas sector in the European Union with a potential
interest into the Brazilian biogas market have been contacted in the first two months of 2016. The
following lists of companies operating in the EU can be used as initial mailing/invitation lists of a
possible matchmaking mission:

From RENI (2015), page 43, German Biogas Association companies’ overview, business
areas and profiles.
LEGEND
Major business system provider
Further business
Major business provider of components and substrates, supplier
Further business
Major business operator, planner, advisor
Further business
Major business research and development
Further business
COMPANY
1
2
2G Energy AG
Agraferm Technologies AG
3
4
agriKomp GmbH
AGROTEL GmbH
5
6
APROVIS Energy Systems GmbH
Awite Bioenergie GmbH
7
8
BAG Budissa Agroservice GmbH
Baur Folien GmbH
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
BayWa AG
BDI – BioEnergy International AG
BioConstruct GmbH
BIOFerm GmbH (Viessmann Group)
BMF HAASE Energietechnik GmbH
BTA International GmbH
BTS Biogas Srl/GmbH
dbds Deutsche Biogas Dach-Systeme GmbH
DCL Europe GmbH
EnvironTec GmbH
19
20
21
22
23
EnviTec Biogas AG
Evonik Industries AG
FF-Maschinenbau GmbH
Finsterwalder Umwelttechnik GmbH & Co. KG
Fliegl Agrartechnik GmbH
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
- 30 -
COMPANY
24
25
26
Franz Eisele & Söhne GmbH & Co. KG
FRITZ PAULMICHL GMBH
Green Energy Max Zintl GmbH
27
28
29
30
Green Protection GmbH
Hermann Sewerin GmbH
Huber SE
ibes Ingenieurbüro Dr. Eisenhardt Sonneberg
31
32
33
34
35
36
LANXESS Deutschland GmbH
Lindner-Recyclingtech
LIPP GmbH
Mehrer Compression GmbH
MethaPOWER Biogas GmbH
MTU Onsite Energy GmbH
37
38
NETZSCH Pumpen & Systeme GmbH
NORTH-TEC Maschinenbau GmbH
39
40
ÖKOBIT GmbH
OWS
41
42
43
44
Pentair Haffmans
Pro2 Anlagentechnik GmbH
PRONOVA Analysetechnik GmbH & Co. KG
PURAC PUREGAS
45
46
Schmack Biogas GmbH (Viessmann Group)
Schmack Carbotech GmbH (Viessmann Group)
47
48
49
50
SCHNELL Motoren AG
seepex GmbH
SEVA Energie AG
SILOKING Mayer Maschinenbaugesellschaft mbH
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
SILOXA Engineering AG
streisal GmbH
SUMA Rührtechnik GmbH
THÖNI INDUSTRIEBETRIEBE GMBH
Tietjen Verfahrenstechnik GmbH
TÜV NORD GROUP
UGN-Umwelttechnik GmbH
UTS Biogastechnik GmbH
Viessmann Group
Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG (Viessmann Group)
61
62
63
64
WELTEC BIOPOWER GmbH
Wolf System GmbH
Wulf Johannsen KG GmbH & Co.
XYLEM WATER SOLUTIONS
BUSINESS SEGMENTS
- 31 -


EBA (2015) – Companies Catalog of the European Biogas Association (available on
http://european-biogas.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/eba_companies_catalogue.pdf,
accessed on 05-Mar-2016).
Associated members (companies) of EBA also available on http://europeanbiogas.eu/members/eba-members/ (accessed on 10-Feb-2016).
- 32 -
13
Selected Biogas Events in 2016
Ideally the MM are to be carried out in a synergic way in conjunction with relevant, topic-related
events. For that reason, stakeholders were asked during the meetings to indicate the most relevant and interesting events they are willing to participate in 2016. Following events have been
proposed:




IFAT 2016, Trade Fair for Water, Sewage, Waste and Raw Materials Management (30May, 3-June, 2006, Munich, Germany, http://www.ifat.de/index-2.html).
“Energetische Nutzung von Reststoffen aus der Landwirtschaft in RJ und RS” (24-28 October 2016, Porto Alegre) https://www.exporterneuerbare.de/EEE/Redaktion/DE/Veranstaltungen/2016/Geschaeftsreisen/gr-brasilienbio.html).
Energy Decentral (15-18 November 2016)
http://www.tradefairdates.com/EnergyDecentral-M9027/Hanover.html.
III Forum da Indústria do Biogas (November 2016 in SP, RJ and MG, exact dates still to
be defined), already targeted in conversation with the Probiogas Project as a suitable
matchmaking mission opportunity.
- 33 -
14



















References
ABiogas (2015). Proposta de Programa Nacional do Biogás e do Biometano PNBB.
Versão 1, novembro de 2015.
AHK-RJ (2015). Zielmarktanalyse: Biogas Brasilien - Energetische Nutzung von Abfällen
und Abwässern, mit Profilen der Marktakteure. Deutsch-Brasilianische Industrie- und
Handelskammer Rio de Janeiro (AHK-RJ).
BMUB (2007). Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) – Progress Report 2007.
Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschütz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit.
Brasil (2012). Política nacional de resíduos sólidos (2. Ed.). Brasília: Câmara dos
Deputados, Edições Câmara, 2012.
Cabral, C. B. G. et al. (2015). Tecnologias de digestão anaeróbia com relevância para o
Brasil: substratos, digestores e uso de biogás. Probiogás; organizadores, Ministério das
Cidades, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH. Brasília, 2015.
CIMGC (2014). Status dos Projetos de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) no
Brasil. Comissão Interministerial de Mudanças Globais do Clima.
EBA (2016). Annual Report 2015. European Biogas Association. January 2016.
EBA (2016b). Companies Catalogue Members of the European Biogas Association. January 2016.
EPE (2014). Inventário Energético dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos. Nota Técnica DEA
18/14. Empresa de Pesquisa Energética. Rio de Janeiro, outubro de 2014.
IEA Bioenergy (2015). IEA Bioenergy Task 37 – Country Reports Summary 2014.
Luostarinen, S., A. Normak, M. Edström (2011). Overview of biogas technologies. Baltic Forum for Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Manure Management.
Silveira, B. et al. (2015). Probiogás – Guia Técnico de Aproveitamento Energético de
Biogás em Estações de Tratamento de Esgotos. Ministério das Cidades - Secretaria
Nacional de Saneamento Ambiental, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit GmbH. 1ª edição, Brasília, 2015.
PROBIOGAS (2015). Lista de tecnologias e empresas de Biogás.
Przadka, A. (2015). European Biogas Association - State of the Art of Biogas and
Biomethane in Europe. Workshop – Avaliação do Potencial e Impacto do Biometano em
Portugal. Lisboa, 2 de julho de 2015.
RENI (2015). Biogas an all-rounder – New opportunities for farming, industry and the environment (4th Edition). Renewables Insight – Energy Industry Guides.
Roller, W., V. B. Valente, J. Giesdorf (2014). Brazil, a promising market for biogas. Biogas Journal, May 2014.
Thiemi, E. at al. (2015) Catálogo de tecnologias e empresas de biogás. Probiogás;
organizadores, Ministério das Cidades, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit GmbH. Brasília, 2015.
Thrän, D. et al. (2014). Biomethane – status and factors affecting market development
and trade. IEA Task 40 and Task 37 Joint Study. September 2014.
WBA (2015). WBA Fact Sheet: Biogas – An Important Renewable Energy Source. First
edition May 2013.
- 34 -
Annex 1: Technology demand map
A) STRUCTURE / MAIN FACTS RELATED TO
BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGY
A.1 - Biogas
production
SECTOR
EQUIPMENTS
A.1.1 Landfills
Landfill and
landfill-gas
extraction/collection
system design
A.1.1 Landfills
Landfill and
landfill-gas
extraction/collection equipment e.g.
wellheads, flow
control valves,
flow measurement / material
e.g. piping and
fittings
A.1.1 Landfills
Landfill and
landfill-gas
extraction/collection -
B) AVAILABILITY
IN BRAZIL
1 – MATURE
2 – ESTABLISHED
3 – INCIPIENT
4 – NOT
AVAILABLE
C) INDUSTRY
SECTOR
SEGMENTATION
D) INTERNATIONAL
TRENDS / INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
(EUROPE)
industrial, municipal waste (solid
waste,
wastewater)
 greenfield - design of
the landfill to optimize
biogas capture
 existing - design of the
extraction system to
optimize biogas capture
2
waste,
wastewater)
 high precision flow
control in each wellhead;
 differential pressure
measurement for
wellhead leak detection.
2
waste,
wastewater)
 qualified labour required related to the
construction of e.g.
HDPE piping systems
2
E) INNOVATION,
NEEDS & GAPS
IN BRAZIL
1 – HIGH
2 – MEDIUM
3 – LOW / NOT
REQUIRED /
LONG-TERM
F) BUSINESS
POTENTIAL FOR THE
LCBA
G)
GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET
SEGMENTATION
H) MARKET
ASSESSMENT:
POTENTIAL
STAKEHOLDERS
/ SUPPLIERS
2
Potential: potential for
companies offering
increased capturing
design.
Barriers: no foreign
presence, exchange
rate, concession regulation
Whole country,
metropolitan
areas, better
potential in S, SE
and NE
engineering/manufacturer
companies, landfill
developers and
operators (concession holders),
municipalities
1 (today safety
control is labour
intensive requiring
daily safety inspection)
companies offering
increased capturing
design.
presence, exchange
Whole country,
metropolitan
areas, better
potential in S, SE
and NE
companies, landfill
developers and
municipalities
2
companies offering
increased capturing
design.
Whole country,
metropolitan
areas, better
potential in S, SE
companies, landfill
developers and
- 35 -
BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGY
SECTOR
EQUIPMENTS
B) AVAILABILITY
IN BRAZIL
1 – MATURE
2 – ESTABLISHED
3 – INCIPIENT
4 – NOT
AVAILABLE
C) INDUSTRY
SECTOR
SEGMENTATION
D) INTERNATIONAL
TRENDS / INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
(EUROPE)
E) INNOVATION,
NEEDS & GAPS
IN BRAZIL
1 – HIGH
2 – MEDIUM
3 – LOW / NOT
REQUIRED /
LONG-TERM
construction
A.1.2 Sewage
treatment
plants/syst
ems
A.1.3 Agricultural
residues
Anaerobic
digesters
(UASB, covered
lagoon, CSTR,
others?) DESIGN,
CONSTRUCTI
ON and
OPERATION
Anaerobic
digesters (IC,
ICplus,UASB,
UASBplus,
covered lagoon,CSTR)
F) BUSINESS
POTENTIAL FOR THE
LCBA
presence, exchange
32
32
waste,
wastewater)
agriculture
 highly variable, depending on the substrate (i.e. Solids content, organic load,
predominance of cellulosic materials, etc.);
 development of mechanical/thermal/chemical pretreatment for cellulosic
substrates;
 development of mechanical pre-treatment
for solid substrates;
 new technologies with
high loading rates/low
retention times associated with high efficiency;
 development of compact systems of low
footprint;
G)
GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET
SEGMENTATION
and NE
H) MARKET
ASSESSMENT:
POTENTIAL
STAKEHOLDERS
/ SUPPLIERS
municipalities
1
companies offering
increased biogas generation (new technologies, optimized design,
better practices, etc.).
Barriers: exchange
rate, concession regulation, lack of capacity,
adaptation to local
conditions, profitability
only in specific cases
Whole country,
metropolitan
areas, better
potential in S, SE
and NE
companies, waste
management
developers and
municipalities
1
companies offering
Barriers: exchange
rate, lack of capacity,
adaptation to local
only in specific cases
Whole country,
better potential in
S, SE and Midwest
companies, food
industry, farmers
- 36 -
BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGY
SECTOR
EQUIPMENTS
A.1.4 Animal/livesto
ck waste
32
A.1.5 industrial
residues
A.2 - Biogas
low-pressure
suction/transport
A.3 - Biogas
Flaring
all
all
B) AVAILABILITY
IN BRAZIL
1 – MATURE
2 – ESTABLISHED
3 – INCIPIENT
4 – NOT
AVAILABLE
blower systems
flaring systems
C) INDUSTRY
SECTOR
SEGMENTATION
agriculture
32
industrial
21
waste,
wastewater),
agriculture
21
waste,
wastewater),
D) INTERNATIONAL
TRENDS / INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
(EUROPE)
 development of robust
systems that retain
performance even in
face of variations in
the substrate.
 Development of highrate- CODbiodigestors) for optimizing solids digestion
and development of
more resistant membranes for lagoon
covering.
n/a
n/a
E) INNOVATION,
NEEDS & GAPS
IN BRAZIL
1 – HIGH
2 – MEDIUM
3 – LOW / NOT
REQUIRED /
LONG-TERM
F) BUSINESS
POTENTIAL FOR THE
LCBA
G)
GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET
SEGMENTATION
H) MARKET
ASSESSMENT:
POTENTIAL
STAKEHOLDERS
/ SUPPLIERS
1
companies offering
Barriers: exchange
rate, profitability only in
specific cases
Whole country,
better potential in
S, SE and Midwest
companies, food
industry, livestock
raisers
1
companies offering
increased biogas generation.
Barriers: exchange
adaptation to local
only in specific cases.
Whole country,
better potential in
S, SE and Midwest
companies, food
industry
3
companies offering
optimized design.
Barriers: exchange
rate,
Whole country
companies
3
companies offering
optimized design.
Barriers: exchange
Whole country
companies
- 37 -
BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGY
A.4 - Biogas
compression
(for process)
A. 5 - Biogas
upgrading CO2 removal
A.6 - Biogas
N2/O2 removal
SECTOR
all
all
landfills
EQUIPMENTS
compression
systems
CO2 removal
O2/N2 removal
B) AVAILABILITY
IN BRAZIL
1 – MATURE
2 – ESTABLISHED
3 – INCIPIENT
4 – NOT
AVAILABLE
32
3
4
C) INDUSTRY
SECTOR
SEGMENTATION
D) INTERNATIONAL
TRENDS / INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
(EUROPE)
E) INNOVATION,
NEEDS & GAPS
IN BRAZIL
1 – HIGH
2 – MEDIUM
3 – LOW / NOT
REQUIRED /
LONG-TERM
F) BUSINESS
POTENTIAL FOR THE
LCBA
G)
GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET
SEGMENTATION
H) MARKET
ASSESSMENT:
POTENTIAL
STAKEHOLDERS
/ SUPPLIERS
Whole country
companies, natural
gas suppliers
agriculture
rate, adaptation to local
conditions.
waste,
wastewater),
agriculture
3
companies offering
optimized design.
Barriers: exchange
rate
1
any company offering
suitable alternatives to
the local conditions.
Barriers: exchange
adaptation to local
Whole country
companies, natural
gas suppliers
1
Barriers: exchange
adaptation to local
conditions.
Whole country,
metropolitan
areas, better
potential in S, SE
and NE
companies, landfill
developers and
municipalities
n/a
waste,
wastewater),
agriculture
Feasible small size upgrading technology with
start/stop technology (e.g.
membrane separation)
can be an interesting
concept for the market
waste,
wastewater)
In landfill applications, the
control on wells must be
very tight in order to
prevent a contamination this is a big challenge
given the gas quality
standards in Brazil.
- 38 -
BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGY
A.7 - Biogas
H2S Removal
A.8 - Biogas
drying
A.9 - Biogas
Siloxane removal
SECTOR
EQUIPMENTS
all
 high load
H2S removal
(e.g. Vinasse
projects);
 medium load
H2S removal
(e.g. Agricultural wastes);
 low-load H2S
removal (e.g.
Landfills)
all
landfills,
sewage
treatment
biogas driers
pre-treatment
(e.g. Cooling)
activated carbon or other
systems
B) AVAILABILITY
IN BRAZIL
1 – MATURE
2 – ESTABLISHED
3 – INCIPIENT
4 – NOT
AVAILABLE
C) INDUSTRY
SECTOR
SEGMENTATION
3, 2
waste,
wastewater),
agriculture
3
waste,
wastewater),
agriculture
3
waste,
wastewater)
D) INTERNATIONAL
TRENDS / INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
(EUROPE)
H2S removal can represent a very high OPEX
depending on sulphur
load.
E) INNOVATION,
NEEDS & GAPS
IN BRAZIL
1 – HIGH
2 – MEDIUM
3 – LOW / NOT
REQUIRED /
LONG-TERM
F) BUSINESS
POTENTIAL FOR THE
LCBA
1
Barriers: exchange
adaptation to local
conditions.
3
companies offering
optimized design.
Barriers: exchange
conditions.
1
Barriers: exchange
adaptation to local
conditions.
G)
GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET
SEGMENTATION
H) MARKET
ASSESSMENT:
POTENTIAL
STAKEHOLDERS
/ SUPPLIERS
Whole country
companies, natural
gas suppliers
Whole country
companies, natural
gas suppliers
Whole country,
metropolitan
areas, better
potential in S, SE
and NE
companies, waste
management
developers and
municipalities,
natural gas suppliers
- 39 -
BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGY
A.10 - Biogas/biomethane
monitoring and
control
SECTOR
all
EQUIPMENTS
CH4, CO2, O2,
N2, H2S, VOCs,
siloxane...
Monitoring
equipment
B) AVAILABILITY
IN BRAZIL
1 – MATURE
2 – ESTABLISHED
3 – INCIPIENT
4 – NOT
AVAILABLE
3
C) INDUSTRY
SECTOR
SEGMENTATION
D) INTERNATIONAL
TRENDS / INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
(EUROPE)
waste,
wastewater),
agriculture
 biogas monitoring is
very well established
in Europe and the US
- recent trends are
perhaps in the development of on-line
monitoring of trace
components such as
siloxanes;
 in Brazil, due to the
legislation, the need of
online monitoring of
gas components using
gas chromatography
poses a big economic
burden on projects;
 in particular, monitoring of very low levels
of H2S in biomethane
can be very costly;
 development of reliable portable monitoring systems for landfills is desirable (eg
based on gas chromatography) due to the
requirement for low-
E) INNOVATION,
NEEDS & GAPS
IN BRAZIL
1 – HIGH
2 – MEDIUM
3 – LOW / NOT
REQUIRED /
LONG-TERM
F) BUSINESS
POTENTIAL FOR THE
LCBA
1
Barriers: exchange
adaptation to local
conditions.
G)
GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET
SEGMENTATION
H) MARKET
ASSESSMENT:
POTENTIAL
STAKEHOLDERS
/ SUPPLIERS
Whole country
companies, natural
gas suppliers
- 40 -
BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGY
SECTOR
EQUIPMENTS
B) AVAILABILITY
IN BRAZIL
1 – MATURE
2 – ESTABLISHED
3 – INCIPIENT
4 – NOT
AVAILABLE
C) INDUSTRY
SECTOR
SEGMENTATION
D) INTERNATIONAL
TRENDS / INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
(EUROPE)
E) INNOVATION,
NEEDS & GAPS
IN BRAZIL
1 – HIGH
2 – MEDIUM
3 – LOW / NOT
REQUIRED /
LONG-TERM
F) BUSINESS
POTENTIAL FOR THE
LCBA
G)
GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET
SEGMENTATION
H) MARKET
ASSESSMENT:
POTENTIAL
STAKEHOLDERS
/ SUPPLIERS
Whole country
companies, waste
management
developers and
municipalities, food
industry, farmers,
livestock raisers
Whole country
companies, waste
management
developers and
level N2 monitoring.
 Development of new
laboratory methods for
siloxanes analysis:
from traditional CGMS biogas/biomethane analysis to plasma burning/FID analysis. Development of on line
Siloxanos monitoring
systems
A.11 - Biogas
use - process
heat
A.12 - Biogas
use - power
generation
all
burners for
biogas direct
burning
all
engines for
biogas direct
use, natural gas
engines for
power genera-
2
waste,
wastewater),
agriculture
- n/a
2
waste,
wastewater),
agriculture
Manufacturer of highefficient engines (Caterpillar, Jenbacher,etc) require specific gas quality(H2S and water remov-
3
companies offering
optimized applications.
Barriers: exchange
conditions.
3
companies offering
Barriers: exchange
- 41 -
BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGY
A.13 - Biogas
use - transportation fuel
A.14 Biomethane
Compression
A.15 Digestate Disposal/Use
SECTOR
EQUIPMENTS
B) AVAILABILITY
IN BRAZIL
1 – MATURE
2 – ESTABLISHED
3 – INCIPIENT
4 – NOT
AVAILABLE
C) INDUSTRY
SECTOR
SEGMENTATION
D) INTERNATIONAL
TRENDS / INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
(EUROPE)
E) INNOVATION,
NEEDS & GAPS
IN BRAZIL
1 – HIGH
2 – MEDIUM
3 – LOW / NOT
REQUIRED /
LONG-TERM
F) BUSINESS
POTENTIAL FOR THE
LCBA
tion, diesel to
gas conversion
kits for stationary engines
al)
all
Dual fuel (diesel
and
biomethane)
conversion kits
for trucks and
stationary engines
 dual-fuel conversion
kits for existing vehicle
is a must.
 Manufacturer of engines require specific
gas quality (siloxanes
and H2S removal)
1
Barriers: exchange
adaptation to local
conditions.
all
Compressions
systems for
pipeline injection and CNG
applications
2
companies offering
Barriers: exchange
conditions.
agricultural applications
3
3
3
waste,
wastewater),
agriculture
industrial, municipal solid waste,
agriculture
agriculture
 digestate disposal or
use poses a big challenge on projects
dealing with high volumes of substrate;
 land application is the
preferred option but
regulatory risks are to
2
companies offering
Barriers: exchange
rate
G)
GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET
SEGMENTATION
H) MARKET
ASSESSMENT:
POTENTIAL
STAKEHOLDERS
/ SUPPLIERS
industry, farmers,
livestock raisers
Whole country
companies, natural
gas suppliers
Whole country
companies, natural
gas suppliers
Whole country,
better potential in
S, SE and Midwest
companies, waste
management
developers and
- 42 -
BIOGAS
TECHNOLOGY
SECTOR
EQUIPMENTS
B) AVAILABILITY
IN BRAZIL
1 – MATURE
2 – ESTABLISHED
3 – INCIPIENT
4 – NOT
AVAILABLE
C) INDUSTRY
SECTOR
SEGMENTATION
D) INTERNATIONAL
TRENDS / INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES
(EUROPE)
be considered;
 further knowledge on
digestate agronomic
properties and environmental risks would
go a long way trying to
address the issue;
 further processing of
the digestate such as
composting, drying,
mixing with mineral
fertilizer, etc. are also
options that could be
further explored in order to add value to the
business.
E) INNOVATION,
NEEDS & GAPS
IN BRAZIL
1 – HIGH
2 – MEDIUM
3 – LOW / NOT
REQUIRED /
LONG-TERM
F) BUSINESS
POTENTIAL FOR THE
LCBA
G)
GEOGRAPHIC
MARKET
SEGMENTATION
H) MARKET
ASSESSMENT:
POTENTIAL
STAKEHOLDERS
/ SUPPLIERS
industry, farmers,
livestock raisers
- 43 -

Mapping Report Part 2 – Biogas and Biomethane

Transcription

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