Selective Breeding

Transcription

Selective Breeding
Warm Up
• Describe the following terms and give
examples…
• Adaptation
• External Structural Adaptations
• Behavioral Adaptations
• Physiological Adaptations
Warm Up
• Describe the following terms and give examples…
• Adaptation Characteristic or behavior that enhances
survival; webbed feet, claws
• External Structural Adaptations
Part on the outside of body; claws, beaks, wings
• Behavioral Adaptations
Action; migration, hibernation
• Physiological Adaptations
Chemistry inside the body; slowing of heartbeat,
hormones
Tasks
• Unit 12 Adaptations, Natural vs Selective
Breeding
• Finches
Goals
• I can describe and give examples of
adaptations.
• I can explain and give examples of natural
selection and selective breeding.
Adaptation
• Characteristic that helps an organism to
survive
• Happens over a LONG period of time (many
generations)
• 3 types
– Structural – fin, feathers, claws, sharp teeth
– Behavioral – hibernation, migration
– Physiological – slowing of heart rate, chemical
changes in body
Physiological Adaptation
• Physiological – response by a cell or tissue to
maintain homeostasis; chemical change in body;
slowing of heart rate
Common Name: Trans-Pecos Copperhead
Scientific name: Agkistrodon contortrix
pictigaster
It is known to create an odor that smells like
cucumbers. They have large hollow fangs at
the front of the mouth. These hollow fangs
allow the copperheads poison to be injected
into its prey.
Behavioral Adaptation
• Adaptations that are external are located or
happen outside the body
• Hibernation
• Migration
Migration
• Moving of organisms to a
different location annually
• B/C warmer climate, mating
season
• Birds – geese, some ducks
• Herds of Mammals – wildebeest,
buffalo
• Butterflies
• Whales, some fish
Hibernation
• Dormant (inactive) in winter
• Deep sleep
– Heart rate slows down
– Not as much energy/food is required
• Plants – deciduous trees
• Animals – bears, squirrels
Storage Bulb
• Plants store food in a bulb to use later
• Plants are often dormant during winter (shed
leaves, not as much sunlight)
• Onions, tulips, potatoes
Selective Breeding
vs.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection
• Changes in genetic traits that occur over
many generations due to environmental
factors for survival or reproduction
–Temperature, rainfall, predator-prey,
attracting mates
Natural Selection
• Galapagos Medium Ground Finch
• Now several species of finch because the variety of
food sources found in different areas
Natural Selection
• Peppered Moths
• During the Industrial
Revolution trees were
covered with soot from
smoke
….the result
Selective Breeding
• the process of HUMANS choosing specific plants
or animals to breed for desirable genetic traits
• Domesticated animals
• Crops
Selective Breeding
•
•
•
•
Domesticated animals are bred for….
Mild temper
Color
Speed
Selective Breeding
•
•
•
•
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•
Farm animals are bred for…
Lay most eggs
More meat
Produce more milk
Mild temper
No horns
Strength
Selective Breeding
• Plants such as fruits, vegetables, and garden
flowers are bred for…
• To produce more crop
• To produce bigger crop
• Resistant to pests and diseases
• Drought-resistant
Make a T chart
Natural Selection
Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding or Natural Selection
…you decide
Cabbage Varieties
Leafy Sea Dragon
Selective Breeding or Natural Selection
…you decide
SELECTIVE
BREEDING
Cabbage Varieties
NATURAL
SELECTION
Leafy Sea Dragon
Selective Breeding or Natural Selection
…you decide
Bengal Cat
Tesonite (Corn)
Selective Breeding or Natural Selection
…you decide
SELECTIVE
BREEDING
Bengal Cat
SELECTIVE
BREEDING
Tesonite (Corn)
Selective Breeding or Natural Selection
…you decide
Liger
Puggle
Selective Breeding or Natural Selection
…you decide
SELECTIVE
BREEDING
Liger
SELECTIVE
BREEDING
Puggle
Selective Breeding or Natural Selection
…you decide
Eyes that rotate in all directions
zebra
Selective Breeding or Natural Selection
…you decide
Eyes that rotate in all directions
NATURAL
SELECTION
NATURAL
SELECTION
zebra
Sequence the diagrams to show in the correct order of finch migration in the Galapagos Islands.
Then sequence the statements to describe the correct order of finch migration.
The finches
increased in
numbers and,
under influence
of natural
selection,
gradually
became
adapted to the
local
environment.
Some managed
to fly back to
the first island
but
reproductive
isolation had
occurred
between them
and the existing
population.
Originally, there
were no finches
on the islands.
Some finches
from the
mainland
managed to fly
across to them.
Some of the
finches
managed to fly
to a second
island where the
environment
was different.
Gradually they
adapted to the
conditions on
the second
island.
This process was
repeated over
and over again
as the finches
colonized more
of the islands.
Some finches
managed to fly
to other islands
where the
environment
was different.
Adaptation to
the new
conditions
gradually took
place
Match the finch beak with the tool that most closely resembles the beak function.
I. Large Ground
IV. Small Ground
II. Large Tree Finch
III. Warbler Finch
V. Cactus Finch
Finch
Finch
large strong
crushing beak
strong sharp beak
for grabbing and
cutting
small pointed beak
for probing into
cracks
strong crushing
beak
I.
___
large ground finch - large strong crushing beak
II.
___
large tree finch - strong sharp beak for grabbing and cutting
III.
___
warbler finch - small pointed beak for probing into cracks
IV.
___
small ground finch - strong crushing beak
V.
___
cactus finch - long tough beak for probing
A. tweezers
B. small nutcrackers C. long-nosed pliers D. large nutcrackers
long tough beak for
probing
E. metal cutters
Match the finch beak with the tool that most closely resembles the beak function.
I. Large Ground
IV. Small Ground
II. Large Tree Finch
III. Warbler Finch
V. Cactus Finch
Finch
Finch
large strong
crushing beak
strong sharp beak
for grabbing and
cutting
small pointed beak
for probing into
cracks
strong crushing
beak
A. Small insects in
B. Large hard seeds. C. Cactus seeds and D. Large insects
cracks and crevices.
nectar.
such as beetles.
long tough beak for
probing
E. Small hard seeds.