Community Health Assessment - Gallia County Health Department

GALLIACOUNTY
CommunityHealthAssessment
2016
FundedbytheGalliaCountyGeneralHealthDistrict.
WritteninpartnershipwithIlluminologyandtheCenterforPublicHealthPractice
atOhioStateUniversity’sCollegeofPublicHealth.
OverviewofGalliaCounty’s2016CommunityHealthAssessment
The Gallia County General Health District is pleased to provide Gallia County’s 2016
Community Health Assessment. This report is the result of a collaborative effort, coordinated
by the Gallia County General Health District, intended to help community stakeholders better
understand the health needs and priorities of Gallia County residents.
Characterizing and understanding the prevalence of acute and chronic health conditions,
access to care barriers, health disparities, and other health issues can help direct community
resources to where they will have the biggest impact. To that end, the Gallia County General
Health District will begin using the data reported in Gallia County’s 2016 Community Health
Assessment, in collaboration with other organizations, to inform the development and
implementation of strategic plans to meet the community’s health needs.
We hope Gallia County’s 2016 Community Health Assessment serves as a guide to target and
prioritize limited resources, a vehicle for strengthening community relationships, and a
source of information that contributes to keeping people healthy.
About the Community Health Assessment Process
The process followed by Gallia County’s 2016 Community Health Assessment reflected an
adapted version of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s County Health Rankings and
Roadmaps: Assess Needs and Resources process.1 This process is designed to help
stakeholders “understand current community strengths, resources, needs, and gaps,” so that
they can better focus their efforts and collaboration.
The Gallia County General Health District contracted with the Center for Public Health
Practice, within The Ohio State University College of Public Health, and Illuminology, a central
Ohio based research firm, to assist with this work. The primary phases of the Assess Needs
and Resources process, as adapted for use in Gallia County, included the following steps.
(1) Prepare to assess / Generate questions. A working group of Gallia County General
Health District employees, representing diverse areas of expertise and service to the
community, discussed a wide range of potential indicators for possible inclusion in Gallia
County’s 2016 Community Health Assessment.
(2) Collect secondary data. Secondary data for this health assessment came from national
sources (e.g., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Healthy People 2020; U.S.
1
See http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/roadmaps/action-center/assess-needs-resources.
Page2
OverviewofGalliaCounty’s2016CommunityHealthAssessment
Census Bureau), state sources (e.g., Ohio Department of Health’s Data Warehouse), and local
sources (e.g., Gallia County General Health District, Holzer Health System - Gallipolis). Rates
and/or percentages were calculated when necessary. Illuminology located and recorded this
information into a secondary data repository. All data sources are identified in the Reference
section at the end of the report.
To ensure community stakeholders are able to use this report to make well-informed
decisions, only the most recent data available at the time of report preparation are
presented. To be considered for inclusion in Gallia County’s 2016 Community Health
Assessment, secondary data for the health indicators must have been collected or published
in 2011 or later.
(3) Collect primary data. Primary data for this health assessment came from the 2015 Gallia
County Community Health Survey, a survey of Gallia County adult residents conducted at the
Gallia County Fair in August 2015 (Appendix A). In total, Gallia County General Health District
employees administered this survey to 218 residents over multiple days and evenings at this
event.
(4) Analyze the data. Responses to the 2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey were
analyzed within STATA v14.
(5) Share results with the community. This report presents the analysis and synthesis of
both the secondary and primary data collected during this effort. This report will be posted
on the Gallia County General Health District's website and widely distributed to organizations
that serve and represent Gallia County residents.
How to Read This Report
As shown on the next page, Gallia County’s 2016 Community Health Assessment is organized
into multiple, distinct sections. Each section begins with a sentence that briefly describes the
section, and is then followed by a “call-out box” that highlights and summarizes the key
findings of the data compilation and analysis, from the researchers’ perspectives. For some
indicators, the related U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2020
goals are included with Gallia County’s status indicated as “met” or “not met.”
Caution should be used in drawing conclusions in cases where data are sparse (e.g., counts
less than 10).
Page3
OverviewofGalliaCounty’s2016CommunityHealthAssessment
Sources for all secondary data included in this document are marked by an endnote and
described in the report’s Reference section. Primary data (i.e., from the 2015 Gallia County
Community Health Survey) are marked by the following endnote symbol: §.
Table of Contents
For Information About…
Community Profile
See Page
5
Statistical data about the population of Gallia County
Social Determinants of Health
7
Socio-economic factors that can affect one’s health
Behavioral Risk Factors
18
Behaviors that affect health
Maternal and Child Health
21
Issues of concern for mothers and young children
Mental and Social Health
23
Suicide, homicide, domestic violence, child abuse
Death, Illness and Injury
24
Leading causes of death, cancer, hospital visits, infectious diseases
Summary
28
References
29
Page4
CommunityProfile
This section describes the demographic and household characteristics of Gallia County’s
population.
Residents1
Gallia County
Ohio
Total Population
30,763
11,560,380
Male
48.8%
48.9%
Female
51.2%
51.1%
Under 5 years
6.1%
6.1%
5-17 years
17.7%
17.1%
18-64 years
59.8%
62.1%
65 years and over
16.4%
14.7%
White
94.6%
82.6%
Black or African American
2.7%
12.2%
American Indian/Alaska Native
0.1%
0.2%
Asian
0.5%
1.8%
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
0.0%
0.0%
Other
0.4%
0.8%
Two or more races
1.7%
2.4%
Hispanic or Latino
1.1%
3.3%
Not Hispanic or Latino
98.9%
96.7%
Never Married
23.8%
31.1%
Now Married (Except Separated)
51.7%
48.5%
Divorced or Separated
17.1%
13.9%
Widowed
7.3%
13.9%
Civilian veterans
9.3%
9.4%
Total With a Disability
19.0%
13.5%
< 18 Years
7.1%
4.9%
18 to 64 Years
17.0%
11.6%
65 Years and Over
44.6%
35.7%
Total Population
Gender
Age
Race
Ethnicity
Marital Status
Veterans
Disability Status
Note: above percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
Page5
CommunityProfile,continued
Households1
Gallia County
Ohio
11,502
4,570,015
Total Households
Number of households
Household Type
Family households
8,090
2,944,097
Nonfamily households
3,412
1,625,918
Average household size
2.6
2.5
Average family size
3.1
3.1
No vehicle available
8.1%
8.4%
Grandparents responsible for
own grandchildren (<18 years)
10.2%
11.2%
Household Size
Without a Vehicle
Grandparents as
Caregivers
A statistical portrait of the 218 respondents who completed the Gallia County Community
Health Survey sample is shown in the table below.
Gallia County Community Health Survey Respondents (n=218) §
Male
26%
Female
74%
< 25
10%
26-39
28%
40-54
35%
55-64
14%
65 or over
13%
Less than high school
4%
High school diploma / GED
49%
Associate’s degree
20%
Bachelor’s degree or higher
27%
Less than $20,000
22%
$20,000 - $29,999
14%
$30,000 - $49,999
22%
Over $50,000
41%
45631
46%
45614
23%
45686
12%
45623
8%
Other Gallia Co zip codes
10%
Gender
Age
Education
Income
Zip Code
Note: above percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding error.
Page6
SocialDeterminantsofHealth
This section describes contextual factors that can affect the health of Gallia County residents.
Health Care Access Indicators
This section reports the population’s access to medical insurance and health care.
Key Findings – Health Care Access Indicators
Most Gallia County residents currently have health insurance, with over half receiving private,
employment based health coverage. However, Gallia County does not currently meet the
national Healthy People 2020 goal for 100% of residents under age 65 to have health
insurance. Two-thirds of Gallia County Community Health survey respondents say primary care
is very accessible, while only 39% say specialized care is very accessible.
Most Gallia County residents have health insurance coverage, especially those under age 18.
Note: these data were collected prior to the full implementation of the Affordable Care Act.
Health Insurance1
With Health
Insurance
Gallia County
Ohio
Total with insurance
84.9%
89.1%
Private health insurance
56.0%
69.3%
Public health coverage
43.7%
32.1%
Under 18 years
92.5%
94.7%
Age 18-64
78.0%
84.7%
Healthy People 2020 Goal
How does Gallia County match up with
national objectives? As part of its Healthy
People 2020 initiative, the Department of
Health and Human Services set a goal that
100% of Americans under age 65 would
have health insurance by the year 2020.
% with medical insurance
(< age 65)
HP2020 target…
Gallia County…
100%
82.1%
O
HP2020 Status:
(not met)
Currently, Gallia County does not achieve
this target.
Page7
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
Among Gallia County residents with health insurance, employment-based insurance was the
most common. Note that residents with health insurance could have more than one type of
insurance. For example, someone with “Direct-Purchase Insurance” may also have “Medicare
coverage.”
Type of Health Insurance in Gallia County1
Gallia County
Ohio
Private
Health
Insurance
Coverage
Total with private health insurance
56.0%
69.3%
Employment-based health insurance
48.9%
60.5%
Direct-purchase health insurance
9.5%
11.1%
Public
Health
Insurance
Coverage
Total with public health insurance
43.7%
32.1%
Medicare coverage
20.2%
16.5%
Medicaid/means-tested public coverage
27.0%
17.3%
The rate of Gallia County physicians (both MDs and DOs) per 1,000 Gallia County residents is
4.2. This rate is much higher than the rate of dentists, which is 0.3 per 1,000 residents.
Furthermore, only one of the six dentist offices contacted by the Gallia County General
Health District accepts Medicaid.
Licensed Practitioners
Gallia County
Dentists
2
Physicians: MDs & DOs
Ohio
Count
Rate*
Count
Rate*
8
0.3
6,344
0.5
127
4.2
33,579
2.9
10
0.3
1,930
0.2
2
(Includes Primary Care,
Specialists)
Optometrists / Opticians
3
*Rate per 1,000 population
According to the 2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey, two-thirds of primary care
doctors are “very accessible” (see next page). Only 4% say this type of health care service is
“not accessible.”
Page8
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
Accessibility of primary care services§
66%
30%
4%
Notaccessible
Somewhat
accessible
Veryaccessible
n=218
Residents say specialized medical care is less accessible than primary care, with 39%
believing this type of health care service is “very accessible.”
Accessibility of specialized care services§
50%
39%
11%
Notaccessible
Somewhat
accessible
Veryaccessible
n=218
Similarly, a third of residents say mental health care is “very accessible.”
Accessibility of mental health care services§
56%
33%
11%
Notaccessible
Somewhat
accessible
Veryaccessible
n=218
Page9
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
Regarding dental care, 59% of residents believe it is “very accessible” in Gallia County,
despite the low dentist rate shown earlier.
Accessibility of dental care services§
59%
36%
5%
Notaccessible
Somewhat
accessible
Veryaccessible
n=218
A majority (62%) of respondents to the 2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey say they
are within 10 minutes of a place they could get treatment for a serious injury (e.g., a hospital,
urgent care facility, or emergency room). However, eleven percent of residents report they
are at least 45 minutes away.
Length of time to get to a hospital, urgent care, or emergency room§
62%
25%
37%
28%
11%
5minutesorless Asmanyas10 Asmanyas30 Asmanyas45
minutes
minutes minutesorlonger
n=218
Demographic differences observed (2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey)
Additional analyses were conducted on the data obtained from the 2015 Gallia County
Community Health Survey, looking for the presence of statistically significant differences in
the responses across various demographic groups (i.e., age, gender, household income, and
educational attainment). The following patterns were observed:
Page10
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
Accessibility of primary care services
•
Those with higher household incomes (over $50,000) were more likely to say primary
care services were very accessible (79%), compared to those with lower household
incomes (57% of those with a household income of $30-$49,999 and 48% of those
with a household income less than $20,000).
Accessibility of dental care services
•
Those with higher household incomes (over $50,000) were more likely to say dental
care services were very accessible compared to all other income categories (73% and
49%, respectively).
•
Individuals age 55-64 were more likely than individuals younger than 55 to say dental
care services were very accessible (83% and 53%, respectively).
•
In addition, those age 65 or older are more likely than those 25 or under to say dental
services are very accessible (68% and 38%, respectively).
Page11
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
Education, Income, Employment, and Poverty Indicators
This section describes socioeconomic factors that can affect health.
Key Findings – Education, Income, Employment, and Poverty Indicators
Over half of adult residents in Gallia County have a high school education or less. In addition,
over a quarter of those under the age of 18 fall below the federal poverty level, a quarter of
children are also classified as food insecure, and a fifth of households receive food stamps.
Unemployment is slightly higher than the Ohio average.
As shown in the table below, 14.7% of Gallia County adult residents have a Bachelor’s degree
or higher; another 24.1% have either an Associate’s degree or “some college” (no degree).
Education Indicators1
Gallia County
Ohio
6.7%
3.2%
Some high school (no diploma)
14.0%
8.0%
High school graduate
40.5%
34.5%
Some college (no degree)
17.1%
20.7%
Associate’s degree
7.0%
8.1%
Bachelor’s degree
8.8%
16.1%
Graduate or professional degree
5.9%
9.5%
No high school
Educational
Attainment
In Gallia County, over a quarter of children are below the 100% federal poverty level, while
38.7% of families are below 200% of the federal poverty level.
Income and Poverty1
Household
Income
Poverty Status
of Families
Poverty Status
of Those < 18
Years Old
Gallia County
Ohio
Per capita income
$21,049
$26,520
Median household income
$37,494
$48,849
Mean household income
$53,946
$65,491
< 100% federal poverty level (FPL)
15.3%
11.7%
100% - 199% FPL
23.4%
15.7%
At or above 200% FPL
61.2%
72.6%
Below 100% FPL
27.3%
23.1%
100% - 199% FPL
25.5%
21.3%
At or above 200% FPL
47.2%
55.7%
Page12
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
The ability to access healthy, fresh food can also affect health. Food insecurity is defined by
the United States Department of Agriculture as a lack of access to enough food for an active,
healthy life and a limited availability of nutritionally adequate foods. In Gallia County, 16.2%
of all residents are food insecure; however, over a quarter of all children in Gallia County are
estimated to be food insecure.
Food Access
Gallia County
Ohio
Total residents
16.2%
16.9%
Children
26.3%
24.2%
Total households
23.1%
15.0%
With one or more people 60 years and
over
33.3%
24.9%
With children under 18 years
44.8%
50.7%
Food
Insecure
4
Households
Food Stamp
1
Households
As shown below, Gallia County’s 2014 unemployment rate (7.3%) is higher than that for Ohio
(5.7%).
Employment Status5
Employment Rate of
Civilian Labor Force
Gallia County
Ohio
Employed
92.7%
94.3%
Unemployed
7.3%
5.7%
Page13
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
Other Indicators
This section describes other contextual factors that can affect health.
Key Findings – Other Indicators
Only 16% of Gallia County Community Health Survey respondents believe the community is
healthy or very healthy overall. Perceptions of Gallia County as a “healthy community” are
higher among men, among residents with less education, among residents with a lower
household income compared to a higher income, and among those age 65 or older.
A “family household” includes two or more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption
who live in the same dwelling; in Gallia County, over two-thirds of households are considered
family ones.
Household Type1
Gallia County
Ohio
Family Households
70.3%
64.4%
Married-couple (family)
52.2%
47.1%
Male householder, no wife present (family)
5.9%
4.4%
Female householder, no husband present (family)
12.2%
12.9%
Nonfamily households
29.7%
35.6%
Household with own children under 18
26.7%
27.5%
Householder living alone
25.8%
29.8%
65 years of age and older
12.8%
11.0%
Recent statistics regarding violent and property crimes in Gallia County are shown below.
Crime and Safety
Gallia County
Violent crime
Property crime
6
Ohio
7
Count
Rate*
Count
Rate*
46
1.5
33,030
2.8
1,018
33.5
324,528
28.0
*Rate per 1,000 population
Page14
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
Respondents to the 2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey reported their perceptions
of the community’s health and related factors. Overall, 55% of survey respondents say the
community is “somewhat healthy.” Only 16% consider the community to be “healthy” or “very
healthy.”
Perceptions of community health§
55%
3%
Very
healthy
26%
13%
Healthy
4%
Somewhat Unhealthy
Very
healthy
unhealthy
n=218
Respondents to the 2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey also selected the two
“most important factors of a healthy community” from a list of eight options. “Low crime /
safe neighborhoods” was most commonly selected (56%), followed by “good schools” (38%),
“healthy behaviors / lifestyles” (29%), and “access to health care” (24%).
Most important factors of a healthy community§
56%
Lowcrime/safeneighborhoods
Goodschools
38%
29%
Healthybehaviors/lifestyles
24%
Accesstohealthcare
14%
Educated/informedworkforce
Cleanenvironment
13%
Accesstohealthyfoods
9%
Parks/recreaGon
8%
n=218
Note: Respondents could select up to two factors so percentages will not add to 100%
Page15
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
Separately, survey respondents reported whether they feel their “community is safe for
outdoor activities.” Over three-fourths (78%) said it is and 22% said it is not.
Finally, respondents to the 2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey reported their
volunteer behaviors. Most (73%) residents who completed the survey volunteer their time
every month at churches, hospitals, schools, clubs, or other organizations. Most commonly,
residents reported volunteering 1-5 hours a month, but 11% say they spend at least 10 hours
per month volunteering.
Hours spent volunteering time to community service per month§
73%
46%
27%
None
1-5hours
16%
11%
6-10hours
10ormore
hours
n=218
Demographic differences observed (2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey)
Additional analyses were conducted on the data obtained from the 2015 Gallia County
Community Health Survey, looking for the presence of statistically significant differences in
the responses across various demographic groups (i.e., age, gender, household income, and
educational attainment). The following patterns were observed:
Perceptions of community health
•
Males were more likely than females to consider the community healthy or very
healthy (26% and 12%, respectively).
•
Individuals with a high school degree or less were more likely to consider the
community healthy or very healthy (24%) compared to those with an associate’s (9%)
or bachelor’s degree (5%).
•
Individuals with a household income of less than $30,000 were more likely to consider
the community healthy or very healthy compared to those with a household income of
at least $30,000 (29% and 9%, respectively).
•
Individuals age 65 and over were more likely than those under age 65 to consider the
community healthy or very healthy (43% and 12%, respectively).
Page16
SocialDeterminantsofHealth,continued
Volunteering
•
Individuals with a bachelor’s degree (88%) or an associate’s degree (80%) were more
likely to volunteer every month than those with a high school degree or less (63%).
•
Individuals with a household income over $50,000 were more likely than those with a
household income under $30,000 to volunteer every month (82% and 62%,
respectively).
•
Individuals under age 40 are more likely to volunteer each month than those between
the ages of 40 and 64. (88% and 60%, respectively).
Page17
BehavioralRiskFactors
This section describes behaviors of Gallia County adults that affect their health.
Key Findings – Behavioral Risk Factors
Gallia County Community Health Survey respondents identified drugs as one of the biggest
health problems in the community. Only about half of those respondents knew about help
provided for people in the community struggling with addiction. In Gallia County, six
unintentional drug overdose deaths were recorded in both 2014 and 2015.
Gallia County Community Health Survey respondents selected the two “biggest health
problems” in their community from a list of eight options. Almost everyone (91%) selected
drugs as one of the biggest problems. Respondents identified obesity and alcohol as the
next biggest problems.
Biggest perceived health problems in the community§
91%
Drugs
28%
Obesity
22%
Alcohol
Smoking
9%
Sedentarylifestyle
5%
InfecGousdiseases
4%
Type2diabetes
4%
SexuallytransmiQed
diseases
4%
n=218
Note: Respondents could select up to two health problems so percentages will not add to 100%
Only about half (56%) of the 2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey respondents were
aware of help provided by the community for people struggling with an addiction (e.g.,
drugs, alcohol, etc.). Among the remaining respondents, 14% believed the community does
not provide help for those struggling with addiction, and another 30% were unsure.
Page18
BehavioralRiskFactors,continued
Regarding drug use, six unintentional overdose deaths were recorded in 2014, and the Gallia
County General Health District reported that another six occurred in 2015. Of course, these
statistics do not indicate the overall prevalence of illicit drug use or abuse among adults in
Gallia County; rather, they only measure the extent to which such use results in death. Note
that rates calculated based on counts of less than ten may be unstable and therefore should
be interpreted with caution.
Drug Use
Gallia County
Ohio
Count
Rate
Count
Rate
Unintentional Drug Overdose Deaths
1
6
18.4*
2,482
21.4*
Drug Convictions
2
42
139**
34,684
300.3**
*Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 population **Rate per 100,000 population
The Gallia County General Health District also provided information about drug use in the
form of treatment for addiction to heroin and prescription opioids. One organization
reported that of the Gallia County residents seeking treatment through its locations in 2014,
37% listed prescription opioids as their drug of choice and 26% listed heroin as their drug of
choice.
Demographic differences observed (2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey)
Additional analyses were conducted on the data obtained from the 2015 Gallia County
Community Health Survey, looking for the presence of statistically significant differences in
the responses across various demographic groups (i.e., age, gender, household income, and
educational attainment). The following patterns were observed:
Biggest health problems in the community - drugs
•
Females were more likely than males to select drugs as one of the biggest community
health problems (94% and 84%, respectively).
Biggest health problems in the community - alcohol
•
Individuals with household incomes under $30,000 were more likely than those with
household incomes over $30,000 to select alcohol as one of the biggest community
health problems (35% and 14%, respectively).
•
Individuals age 55 and older were more likely than those under age 55 to select
alcohol as one of the biggest community health problems (34% and 17%,
respectively).
Page19
BehavioralRiskFactors,continued
Biggest health problems in the community - obesity
•
Individuals with household incomes over $30,000 were more likely than those with
household incomes under $30,000 to select obesity as one of the biggest community
health problems (36% and 14%, respectively).
Page20
MaternalandChildHealth
Health issues facing mothers and their newborn children in Gallia County are described in
this section.
Key Findings – Maternal and Child Health
In Gallia County, rates of adolescent pregnancies are slightly lower than Ohio overall. Also,
about 12.3% of infants are born preterm, or before 37 weeks gestation, just higher than the
national target of 11.4% (Healthy People 2020).
Rates of adolescent pregnancies and live births in Gallia County are slightly lower than the
Ohio rates. In addition, among live births, 10.2% are considered low birth weight and 12.3%
are born before 37 weeks gestation. Note that rates calculated based on counts of less than
ten may be unstable and should be interpreted with caution; no rate is calculated for counts
of five or less (i.e., the infant mortality rate in Gallia County).
Maternal and Child Health
Gallia County
Count
Rate
Count
Rate
5
N/A
1,024
7.4
10-14 years*
N/A
N/A
192.7
0.5
15-17 years*
7.2
12.0
3,582.3
15.8
18-19 years*
17.9
53.9
9,746.4
64.7
10-14 years*
N/A
N/A
90
0.2
15-17 years*
6
10.0
2,295
10.1
18-19 years*
14
42.2
6,747
44.8
Count
Percent
Count
Percent
Low birth weight
babies (<2500 grams)
39
10.2%
11,806
8.5%
Preterm births (<37 weeks)
47
12.3%
17,062
12.2%
Rate
1
Infant Mortality Rate
Estimated Adolescent
2,3
Pregnancies
Live Births (Adolescent)
Low Birth Weight
2
2
Preterm Birth Rate
2
*Rate per 1,000 females in same age group
Ohio
N/A = 0 or not available
Page21
MaternalandChildHealth,continued
Healthy People 2020 Goal
Total preterm live births
How does Gallia County match up with
national objectives? The Healthy People 2020
goal is for only 11.4% of all live births to occur
before 37 weeks gestation by the year 2020.
Currently, Gallia County does not achieve this
target, as 12.3% of live births are considered
(less than 37 weeks gestation)
HP2020 target…
Gallia County…
11.4%
12.3%
O
HP2020 Status:
(not met)
preterm.
Page22
MentalandSocialHealth
This section describes issues associated with the mental and social health of Gallia County
residents.
Key Findings – Mental and Social Health
Gallia County’s suicide rate could not be calculated and compared to national objectives
because the count was less than 10. However, the homicide rate does not yet meet the national
goal set by Healthy People 2020. The rate of child abuse and neglect cases was slightly higher
than the rate of child abuse cases across Ohio.
Because the number of suicides in Gallia County is less than ten, an official suicide count and
rate is unavailable for inclusion in this report. The table below does show reported cases of
murder, domestic violence, and child abuse in Gallia County in recent years. Note that rates
calculated based on counts of less than ten may be unstable and should be interpreted with
caution; no rate is calculated for counts of five or less.
Mental and Social Health Indicators
Gallia County
Suicides
1
Homicides
Suicides
2
Homicides
Domestic violence
Child abuse cases
3
4
Ohio
Count
Rate
Count
Rate
N/A*
N/A*
4,446
13.5**
2
N/A
648.0
5.9**
Domestic violence
incidents
211
Child abuse and neglect
72
N/A
10.2***
64,531
20,236
N/A
7.6***
*Counts were suppressed at the county level when less than 10 ** Rate per 100,000 population, age-adjusted ***Rate of substantiated reports of
child abuse and neglect per 1,000 children in the population
N/A = not available
Page23
Death,Illness,andInjury
This section describes leading causes of death, illness, and injury among the residents of
Gallia County.
Key Findings – Death, Illness, and Injury
Just over half of Gallia County Community Health Survey respondents consider themselves
healthy or very healthy. The leading causes of death in Gallia County are heart disease, heart
attack, lung or bronchus cancer, and COPD. Lung or bronchus cancer is the cancer with the
highest incidence and mortality rates.
As shown below, 55% of the 2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey respondents
consider their own health to be “healthy” or “very healthy.” Less than 10% consider
themselves “unhealthy.”
Perceptions of Health Status§
55%
42%
37%
13%
Very
healthy
7%
Healthy
0%
Somewhat Unhealthy
Very
healthy
unhealthy
n=218
In 2015, there were a total of 18,818 visits to the Holzer Health System Gallipolis emergency
department. The leading causes for these visits are shown in the table below.
Leading Causes of Emergency Department Visits (Gallia County)1
ED Treated and Released:
Most Frequent Causes
Count
Rate*
Abdominal Pain - Site Not
Otherwise Specified
557
18.3
Chest Pain Not Otherwise
Specified
512
16.8
Pain in Limb
446
14.7
Fever Not Otherwise
Specified
366
12.0
Cough
334
11.0
Page24
Death,Illness,andInjury,continued
ED Admitted: Most
Frequent Causes
Count
Rate*
Shortness of Breath
483
15.9
Chest Pain Not Otherwise
Specified
392
12.9
Chest Pain Unspecified
132
4.3
Syncope & Collapse
67
2.2
Chest Pain Not Elsewhere
Classified
67
2.2
*Rate per 1,000 population
The ten leading causes of death in Gallia County are shown below. Heart disease, heart
attack (myocardial infarction), and bronchus or lung cancer are the top causes of death. The
next most common causes of death are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia.
Mortality – Leading Causes2
Gallia County
Ohio
Count
Rate*
Count
Rate*
Atherosclerotic heart disease
506
90.5
156,365
75.5
Acute myocardial infarction
420
73.5
103,369
50.1
Bronchus or lung cancer
381
63.9
117,286
56.9
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
299
52.0
76,586
37.3
Alzheimer's disease
177
32.2
52,545
25.2
Dementia
155
28.4
58,834
28.0
Stroke
132
24.0
49,527
23.9
Diabetes Mellitus
114
19.7
28,232
13.7
Cardiac arrest
108
19.1
9,732
4.7
Congestive heart failure
101
18.2
33,624
16.1
*Rate per 100,000 population
Considering only cancer-related deaths, lung and bronchus cancer has the highest mortality
rate in Gallia County (see next page), followed by colon and rectum, breast, and pancreatic
cancer. Note that rates calculated based on counts of less than ten should be interpreted with
caution and may be unstable.
Page25
Death,Illness,andInjury,continued
Cancer Mortality Rates – Top Cancers3
Gallia County
Ohio
Count
Rate*
Count
Rate*
1. Lung and Bronchus
24
62.8
7,414
55.3
2. Colon and Rectum
6
14.3
2,288
17.0
3. Breast
4
17.0
1,775
23.6
3. Pancreas
4
11.3
1,555
11.5
4. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
3
8.3
915
6.9
4. Liver & Intraheptic Bile Duct
3
8.2
726
5.3
4. Bladder
3
6.8
684
5.0
5. Prostate
2
17.2
1,154
22.0
5. Brain & Other Central Nervous System
2
6.2
585
4.5
5. Kidney & Renal Pelvis
2
5.8
578
4.3
5. Multiple Myeloma
2
5.4
478
3.5
5. Esophagus
2
4.0
683
5.0
*Rate per 100,000 population, age-adjusted. Rates are sex specific for cancers of the breast and prostate.
Lung and bronchus cancer also has the highest incidence rate in Gallia County, followed by
breast, colon and rectum, and prostate cancer.
Cancer Incidence Rates – Top Cancers
Gallia County
4
Ohio
5
Count
Rate*
Count
Rate*
1. Lung and Bronchus
35
90.1
9,292
66.9
2. Breast
18
91.1
8,642
120.3
2. Colon & Rectum
18
46.0
5,455
39.8
3. Prostate
17
92.5
6,877
103.7
4. Melanoma of the Skin
8
21.4
2,475
19.1
4. Bladder
8
20.8
2,987
21.6
5. Kidney & Renal Pelvis
7
19.9
2,121
15.7
*Rate per 100,000 population, age-adjusted. Rates are sex specific for cancers of the breast and prostate.
Page26
Death,Illness,andInjury,continued
The most common infectious disease diagnoses in Gallia County are Hepatitis C and
chlamydia. With much lower incidence rates, the next most common infectious diseases in
the county are Hepatitis B, Campylobacteriosis, and Influenza. The Gallia County General
Health District reports that Hepatitis C, Chlamydia, and Hepatitis B have been the most
common infectious diseases since 2012.
Incidence of Infectious Disease6
Gallia County
Cases
Rate*
Hepatitis C
114
375.0
Chlamydia
69
227.0
Hepatitis B
23
75.7
Campylobacteriosis
13
42.8
Influenza associated hospitalizations
12
39.5
*Rate per 100,000 population
Page27
Summary
Gallia County’s 2016 Community Health Assessment provides a comprehensive overview of
our community’s health status, illuminating areas of strength as well as areas in which there
could be improvement.
Consistent with Public Health Accreditation Board requirements, Gallia County General
Health District will use this report to inform the development and implementation of
strategies to address its findings. It is intended that a wide range of stakeholders will also use
this report for their own planning efforts.
Subsequent planning documents and reports will be shared with community stakeholders
and with the public. For example, Appendix B of this report includes a preliminary list of
community assets and resources that could possibly be mobilized and leveraged to address
some of the health issues identified in this Community Health Assessment. This list will be
reviewed and (if necessary) revised by the Gallia County General Health District and its
partners after the Community Health Improvement Plan is formulated and priority issues are
identified.
Users of Gallia County’s 2016 Community Health Assessment are encouraged to send
feedback and comments that can help to improve the usefulness of this information when
future editions are developed. Questions and comments about Gallia County’s 2016
Community Health Assessment may be directed to:
Brittany Hively, BSN, RN, Gallia County General Health District
740-441-2955 | [email protected]
Orie Kristel, PhD, Illuminology
614-447-3176 | [email protected]
Melissa Sever, MPH, Center for Public Health Practice, The Ohio State University’s College of
Public Health
614-292-2047 | [email protected]
Tyler Schweickart, Gallia County General Health District
740-441-2965 | [email protected]
Page28
References
References
§ : This symbol indicates primary data gathered by the 2015 Gallia County Community Health Survey.
Community Profile
1
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates (2010-2014)
Social Determinants of Health
1
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates (2010-2014)
2
Ohio Department of Administrative Services (2016)
3
Ohio State Board of Optometry (2016)
4
Feeding America, “Map the Meal Gap” (2013)
5
Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services, Ohio Labor Market Information, Civilian Labor Force
Estimates (2014)
6
Office of Criminal Justice Services, Crime by County 2014 Statistics (2014)
7
Office of Criminal Justice Services, Special Report: Crime in the United States 2014 (2014)
Behavioral Risk Factors
1
Ohio Department of Health, 2014 Ohio Drug Overdose Preliminary Data General Findings (2014)
2
Ohio Mental Health and Addiction Services (2014)
Maternal and Child Health
1
Ohio Department of Health, 2013 Ohio Infant Mortality Data General Findings (2013)
2
Ohio Department of Health, Public Health Data Warehouse (2014)
3
Ohio Department of Health, 2014 Annual Induced Abortions in Ohio Report (2014)
Mental and Social Health
1
Ohio Department of Health, Injury Data Highlight Suicides in Ohio 2012 (2010-2012)
2
Office of Criminal Justice Services, Crime by County 2013 Statistics (2013)
3
Ohio Bureau of Criminal Identification and Investigation, Domestic Violence Report (2014)
4
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Child Maltreatment (2013)
Death, Illness and Injury
1
Holzer Health System Gallipolis ED (2015). Denominator (population data) references U.S. Census
Bureau’s 2014 Population Estimate.
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed
Mortality File 1999-2013 on CDC WONDER Online Database (2013)
3
Ohio Department of Health, Gallia County Cancer Profile (2015)
4
Ohio Department of Health, Public Health Data Warehouse (2012)
5
Ohio Department of Health, State of Ohio Cancer Report (2015)
6
Gallia County General Health District (2015)
Page29
GALLIACOUNTY
CommunityHealthAssessment
2016
AppendixA:
2015GalliaCountyCommunityHealthSurvey
CommunityHealthSurvey-GalliaCountyGeneralHealthDistrict
*ToensuretheCommunityHealthSurveywascompletedbypeoplelivingwithintheGalliaCountyGeneralHealthDistrict’sjurisdiction,eachpotentialparticipantwasasked,”Do
youliveinGalliaCounty?”beforethequestionnairewasadministered.Onlythosewhoanswered“yes”tothisscreeningquestionwereinvitedtoparticipateinthesurvey.
1.Whatdoyoufeelisthebiggesthealthprobleminyourcommunity?Pleasecheckonlytwo.
_____
Drugs
_____
SexuallyTransmittedDiseases(STD'S)
_____
Alcohol
_____
InfectiousDiseases(TB,hepatitis,Etc.)
_____
Obesity
_____
SedentaryLifestyle
_____
Smoking
_____
Type2Diabetes
2.Doyoufeelyourcommunityissafeforoutdooractivities?
_____
Yes
_____
No
3.Whatlevelofhealthywouldyourateyourcommunity?
____Veryhealthy____Healthy____Somewhathealthy____Unhealthy____Veryunhealthy
4.Whatlevelofhealthywouldyourateyourself?
____Veryhealthy____Healthy____Somewhathealthy____Unhealthy____Veryunhealthy
5.Ifyouwereseriouslyinjuredapproximately,howlongwouldittakeyoutogettoahospital,
urgentcare,oremergencyroomfortreatment?
_____
5minutesorless
_____
Asmanyas30minutes
_____
Asmanyas10minutes
_____
Asmanyas45minutesorlonger
6.Howaccessiblearethefollowinghealthcareservicesinyourcommunity?
Dental
____Notaccessible____Somewhataccessible____Veryaccessible
PrimaryCare
____Notaccessible____Somewhataccessible____Veryaccessible
(FamilyDoctor)
____Notaccessible____Somewhataccessible____Veryaccessible
SpecializedCare
MentalHealthCare
____Notaccessible____Somewhataccessible____Veryaccessible
7.Approximatelyhowmanyhoursamonthdoyouvolunteeryourtimetocommunityservice?
(e.g.,churches,hospitals,schools,clubs/organizations,etc.)
____None
____1-5hours
____6-10hours
_____10ormorehours
8.Checkthetwomostimportantfactorsofahealthycommunity.
____Lowcrime/safeneighborhoods
____Goodschools
____Parks/recreation
____Cleanenvironment
____Accesstohealthcare
____Educated/informedworkforce
____Accesstohealthyfoods
____Healthybehaviors/lifestyles
9.Doesyourcommunityprovidehelpforsomeonestrugglingwithanaddiction?(e.g.,drugs,alcohol,etc.)
____Yes
____No
____Idon'tknow
10.WhatisyourZipCode?___________________
11.Whatisyourgender?_____Male______Female
12.Whatisyourhighestlevelofeducation?
____Lessthanhighschool
____Highschooldiploma/GED
____Associate'sdegree
____Bachelor'sdegreeorhigher
13.Whatisyouraverageyearlyhouseholdincome?
____Lessthan$20,000
____$30,000-$49,999
____$20,000-$29,999
____Over$50,000
14.Whatisyourage?(pleasecircle)
25orless
26-39
40-54
55-64
65orover
GALLIACOUNTY
CommunityHealthAssessment
2016
AppendixB:
PreliminaryListofCommunityAssetsandResources
A preliminary list of community assets and resources that could possibly be mobilized and
leveraged to address some of the health issues identified in this Community Health
Assessment is shown below. Because this list is not a comprehensive one, it will be reviewed
and revised as necessary by the Gallia County General Health District after the Community
Health Improvement Plan is formulated and priority issues are identified.
This list was arranged in alphabetical order.
•
Area Agency on Aging
•
Gallia County TASC
•
Bossard Memorial Library
•
Gallipolis Career College
•
Buckeye Hills Career Center
•
Gallipolis City Police
•
Canaday Care, LLC
•
Gallipolis City Schools
•
Citizens Promoting Recovery (CPR)
•
Gallipolis Daily Tribune
•
Gallia, Jackson, Meigs Board of
•
Gallipolis Parks and Recreations
Alcohol, Drug Addiction, and
(Public parks and sporting leagues)
Mental Health Services
•
Guiding Hand School
Gallia County and Gallipolis City
•
Health Recovery Services
Commissioners
•
Holzer Health System
•
Gallia County Board of DD
•
Holzer Home Health
•
Gallia County Chamber
•
Jeanie Ingles Family
•
Gallia County Child Protective
•
Practice/Health Care
Services
•
Multiple Faith Based Organizations
•
Gallia County Early Intervention
•
Multiple Local Daycares
•
Gallia County EMA
•
Multiple Local Nursing
•
Gallia County EMS
•
Gallia County Family Children First
•
Ohio State Highway Patrol
Council
•
Ohio Valley Christian School
•
Gallia County Head Start
•
Ohio Valley Home Health
•
Gallia County Help Me Grow
•
Ohio Valley Physicians
•
Gallia County Job and Family
•
Serenity House
Services
•
SPECTRUM Outreach Services
•
Gallia County Juvenile Court
•
University of Rio Grande
•
Gallia County Kiwanis Club
•
Wing Haven
•
Gallia County Local Schools
•
Woodland Centers
•
Gallia County Medical Reserve
•
93.1 Sunny FM
Corps
•
99.5 Big Country FM
•
Gallia County Sheriff’s Department
Home/Assisted Living facilities