Day-5

Strength of Science and
Technology in Monitoring and
Mitigation of Natural Disasters in
Karnataka
Dr G S Srinivasa Reddy,
Scientific Officer
Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre
What is disaster ???

“A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health
and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected community or
area”.
(W.H.O.)

“A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or
manmade that causes human suffering and creates human needs
that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”.
American Red Cross (ARC) ’
What is Disaster Management
NATURAL HAZARDS OF KARNATAKA
CLIMATE RELATED
HAZARDS
DROUGHT
FLOOD
CLOUDBURST
HAILSTORM
LIGHTNING
COASTAL EROSION
STORM SURGE
CYCLONE
GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
EARTHQUAKE
LANDSLIDE
TSUNAMI
HYDROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
GROUNDWATER DEPLETION AND AQUIFER SALINITY
BIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
PLANT AND INSECT ATTACK
HUMAN: PLAGUE, SARS, BIRD FLU
Karnataka State’s Vulnerability to Natural Disasters:

80% of the Geographical area in the state is prone to Drought

22% of the Geographical area in the state is prone to moderate earthquake
risks with possibility of earthquakes with magnitude of 5 to 6.9

24% of the Geographical area in the state is prone to cyclone and heavy winds

land slides do affects the areas with slops of more than 30%

The 359 km coastal line is prone to sea-erosion and Tsunami threat

Hailstorms are experienced almost every year and causes damages to crops,
human life’s and livestock’s

Thunder storms, cloud burst and lightening causes considerable damages and
loss to lives and properties
Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre
(A Regd. Society and Autonomous Body, Affiliated to Dept. of Science & Technology, GoK)
Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan Road, Near Attur Layout, Yelahanka, Bangalore-560064
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], Website: www.ksndmc.org
Phone: 67355000 Director: 67355105 Fax: 67355198
1988
Drought Monitoring Cell
Monitoring Drought situation in the state
2007
Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre
Activities broadened to also include monitoring other natural disasters
Agriculture
&
Weather
Based
Crop
Insurance
Hydrology
Seismology
& Landslide
Weather
Monitoring &
Forecasting
24 x 7 Help-Desk
VARUNA MITRA
Remote
Sensing
& GIS
Coastal
Monitor
ing
Database
Management
&
Application
Development
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
Governing Body Chairman
Chief Secretary, GoK
Executive Committee Chairman
Principal Secretary,
Dept of IT, BT, S &T, GoK
Executive Committee Co-Chairman
Principal Secretary,
Dept of Revenue, GoK
Director
Scientific Officers
Project Scientists
Admin Staff
Scientific Assistants
Project Assistants
Admin Assistants
Objectives of KSNDMC
 KSNDMC is Providing a formal common platform to achieve synergy in the field of disaster
management in Karnataka.
The main Objectives are:
Hazard Mapping and vulnerability studies.
Strengthening of information technology for Natural Disaster Management.
Monitoring and impact assessment of natural hazards.
Human Resource Development mainly by imparting training.
Natural Disaster early warning system.
Providing Value based services in
management of:
 Drought.
 Flood.
 Cyclone.
 Hailstorm.
 Heavy Winds
 Strom Surges
 Earthquake
 Tsunami
 Landslide
Providing S & T based information , Advisories
& services to:
 Government Departments.
 Common man
 Agrarian Community
 Agro based sector
 Transport Sector
 Power & Energy Sector
 Irrigation Sector
 Research & Development
Weather Monitoring
Network
A network of Weather Monitoring stations is highly essential for monitoring
and mitigating weather related natural disasters like Drought, Flood, Hailstorm
Earlier there were only Ordinary Rain Gauges at Taluk Headquarters. There
were only 176 Rain Gauge stations for the entire state. Obtaining daily rainfall
data is to take more than 24 hrs. In case of Holidays it is to take 2 to 3 days.
KSNDMC designed and developed Telemetric Rain Gauge which are solar
powered and GPRS enabled.
Now,
Data is collected at every 15 minutes.
No Manual intervention.
All the stations works 24 x 7 - 365 days.
Measuring accuracy is 0.5 mm
GPRS enabled and Solar Powered
Telemetric Rain Gauge (TRG)
GPRS enabled and Solar Powered
Telemetric Weather Station (TWS)
Working principle
• Water collects in one half
of the bucket
• The crossing over is
measured electronically
• When it reaches a set
amount, the bucket tips
over
• Each crossing is counted
• The tipping is calibrated to
measure 0.5mm of rain
Working principle
Data
received
by remote
server
It is decoded
and stored in
database
Every tip is
measured
Stored
rainfall
data is sent
through
GPRS / GSM
The server or any
other computer can
analyse the data and
produce maps and
reports
Internet
GPRS Tower
Central Server
at KSNDMC
Reports, Graphs & Map
generation
Weather Monitoring Network
Telemetric Rain Gauge in all the 5626 Grampanchayaths.
Telemetric Weather Stations in all the 747 Hoblis.
A Rainfall monitoring station at every 32 sq. Km
A Weather monitoring station at every 270 sq. Km
The weather Monitoring Network is
first of its kind in the entire country
VSAT ENABLED PERMANENT SEISMIC
MONITORING STATIONS (PSMS)
NETWORK OF KARNATAKA
List of VSAT Enabled Permanent Seismic Monitoring Stations Network
Sl. No.
District
Location of the Site
Sharana Sirasagi Village-12 km from Gulbarga on Afzalpur
Road.
Temporarily installed in the premises of Science Education
Trust, Mantralaya Road.
Temporarily installed in the residential quarters of SE.
In the existing Almatti Dam Site observatory.
In the existing Hidkal Dam Site observatory.
In the existing Supa Dam Site observatory.
In the existing Linganmakki Dam Site observatory.
In the existing Hemavathy Dam Site observatory.
In the premises of Jogimatti Forest Guest House, 11 kms
from Chitradurga.
In the premises of K.R.S. Dam site at Permanent
Observatory.
01.
Gulbarga
02.
Raichur
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
Bellary
Bijapur
Belgaum
Uttara Kannada
Shimoga
Hassan
09.
Chitradurga
10.
Mandya
11.
Bangalore
In the premises of T.G.Halli Dam site at the existing old I.B.
12.
Chamarajnagar
In the premises of Gundal Dam site at the existing I.B, 15
kms from Kollegal.
13.
Kodagu
In the premises of Harangi Dam site.
Sharana Sirasagi (Gulbarga District)
Gulbarga Seismological
Observatory
Monthly Maintenance carried by the
Scientific Personnel of KSNDMC
Maintenance carried at Sharana
Sirasagi, Gulbarga
Maintenance carried at VILVA
Seismic observatory, SUPA
Maintenance carried at JSS,
Mysore
Maintenance carried at
Hemavathi
GULBARGA
Satellite
Hub Centre
Almatti Dam
(BIJAPUR)
Science Centre
(RAICHUR)
CENTRAL DATA RECEIVING STATION
Hidkal Dam
(BELGAUM)
T.B.Dam
(BELLARY)
Supa Dam
(UK)
Redundant Link
VSAT LINK
Data Flow
Linganmakki Dam
(SHIMOGA)
Jogimatti
(CHITRADURGA)
Online Monitoring Pc’s
Data Bank
Near Real Time Seismic
Early Warning
Hemavathi Dam
(HASSAN)
Dam safety
T.G .Halli Dam
(BANGALORE)
Vulnerability Mapping
KRSJSS
Dam
Harangi Dam (MANDYA)
(MYSORE)
(KODAGU)
Gundal Dam
(CHAMARAJANAGAR)
Report
Generation
Earthquake Resistant Structures
in Developmental Plans
Community Awareness
Joint Field Visit made by KSNDMC & GSI
At Basavana Bagewadi, Bijapur
(Regions of Epicentres)
Geological Survey and Sample collection by
Directors of KSNDMC & GSI
Discussions with the
Community by the Local MLA
Visit to the Quarry site located
5 kms away from the villages
Discussions with the
Community by DIRECTOR
KSNDMC
Site selection for Relocation
of Almatti Dam Site
Workshop Conducted at Basavana Bagewadi, Bijapur
by KSNDMC, GSI, NGRI, CMMACS, BARC, NIRM
LANDSLIDE
Rainfall during
28th Sep’09 to 4th Oct’09
Rainfall up to 377 mm
in 24 hours at places - highest in 100 years
Received 70% of the Annual
Normal Rainfall in a period
of one week
177% to 924% of the
Normal Rainfall in 15
Districts, during 28th Sep’09
to 4th Oct’09
32
Holealur village in Gadag District
33
......... Gadag District
34
Amargol village in Gadag District
35
Aerial view of the Flood in Bagalkot District
36
Flood in Bijapur District
37
HEAVY RAINFALL /
FLOOD
HAILSTORMS - 2014
12:00:00
12:15:00
12:30:00
12:45:00
13:00:00
13:15:00
13:30:00
13:45:00
14:00:00
14:15:00
14:30:00
14:45:00
15:00:00
15:15:00
15:30:00
15:45:00
16:00:00
16:15:00
16:30:00
16:45:00
17:00:00
17:15:00
17:30:00
17:45:00
18:00:00
18:15:00
18:30:00
18:45:00
19:00:00
19:15:00
19:30:00
19:45:00
20:00:00
20:15:00
20:30:00
20:45:00
21:00:00
21:15:00
21:30:00
21:45:00
22:00:00
22:15:00
22:30:00
22:45:00
23:00:00
23:15:00
23:30:00
23:45:00
Temperature (°C)
Temperature variation recorded by the TWS Stations
Sl.No
District
Taluk
Hobli
1
2
3
4
Bagalkote
Bijapur
Bijapur
Gulbarga
Hungund
Muddebihal
Indi
Afzalpur
Hungund
Muddebihal
Indi
Afzalpur
Date
03-03-2014
03-03-2014
03-03-2014
03-03-2014
Bijapur-Indi-Indi
Staring Time to
Ending time
16:15 to 17:00
16:45 to 17:30
16:00 to 16:45
17:45 to 18:30
Drop in
Temperature
( ˚ C)
9
9.2
6.8
4.7
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
02-Mar-14
0
03-Mar-14
DROUGHT Monitoring
 Deficit
Rainfall
 Moisture Stress (MAI)
 ≥4 Consecutive Weeks of Dry spell
 Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index (NDVI)
zone
1st June to 10th September 2014
Rainfall Pattern
1ST June to 10th September 2014
Rainfall Pattern
RAINFALL
CATEGORY
District
Taluk
Excess
8
70
268
9
Normal
18
75
322
1458
5
Deficit
4
31
153
2845
2721
-4
722
741
3
Scanty
0
0
4
Normal
(mm)
Actual
(mm)
%DEP
South Interior Karnataka
249
273
10
North Interior Karnataka
382
416
Malnad
1391
Coastal
STATE
Hobli
590
(79%)
157
(21%)
MODIS SATELLITE IMAGE
Hydrology
MAJOR RESERVOIR LEVELS IN THE STATE- 16-10-2014
Reservoir level (RL) above mean sea level
Sl. No.
Name of the Reservoir
Gross Storage Capacity
TMC
Present storage as on
16/10/2014 TMC
Storage as on
16/10/2013 TMC
Capacity % of Col. 4 as
% of Col. 3
328
143.92
113.73
23.60
281.25
147.42
136.83
29.85
314.10
95
78
76
86
8.50
37.10
49.45
19.52
115
7.43
36.19
49.45
18.54
111.61
7.34
33.43
46.37
17.38
104.51
87
98
100
95
97
71.53
100.86
51.00
37.73
123.08
33.31
418
860.29
71.54
100.86
47.60
29.26
122.66
30.35
402
795.12
70.91
95.83
41.75
23.61
122.83
30.70
386
804.24
100
100
93
78
100
91
96
92.42
(a) Hydel generation Reservoirs (Western Coast)
Linganamakki
151.75
1
Supa
145.33
2
Varahi
31.13
3
(b) Reservoirs of Cauvery Basin:
Harangi
4
Hemavathi
5
K.R.S.
6
Kabini
7
(C) Reservoirs of Krishna Basin:
Bhadra
8
Tungabhadra
9
Ghataprabha
10
Malaprabha
11
Almatti
12
Narayanapura
13
Status of Minor Irrigation Tanks
Out of total 3578 minor
irrigation tanks
• 35% of the tanks had
storages capacity of more than
50% of their respective
capacity.
• 27% of the tanks with
storages capacity of 30% to
50% of their respective
capacity.
•Remaining 38% of the
tanks are dry.
Zonewise/ District-wise Status Of Minor Irrigation Tanks
Sl No.
No
Of Tanks
DISTRICT
(a) Minor Irrigation South Zone as on 11-10-2014
46
1 Bangalore Urban
98
2 Bangalore Rural
No.of tanks
not
received
water
30%
31-50%
51-99%
100%
35
7
2
0
2
54
38
4
0
2
3 Ramanagara
103
80
18
1
3
1
4 Kolar
138
134
2
1
1
0
5 Chikkaballapura
201
185
14
1
1
0
6 Tumkur
369
229
111
11
11
7
7 Chitradurga
133
41
72
11
6
3
8 Davanagere
92
36
24
13
11
8
9 Shimoga
306
0
3
10
110
183
10 Mysore
50
32
0
5
2
11
11 Chamarajnagar
64
43
8
7
4
2
12 Mandya
48
34
3
4
1
6
13 Hassan
167
93
22
19
33
0
14 Chikkamagulur
121
28
7
7
15
64
15 Dakshina Kannada
2
0
0
1
0
1
16 Udupi
4
0
0
0
0
4
17 Kodagu
29
0
0
0
6
23
1971
1024
329
97
204
317
Total
Zonewise/ District-wise Status Of Minor Irrigation Tanks
Sl No.
DISTRICT
No
Of Tanks
No.of tanks
not received
water
(b) Minor Irrigation North Zone as on 11-10-2014
266
1 Belgaum
100
152
67
2 Bijapur
64
41
3 Bagalkote
111
0
4 Dharwad
31
18
5 Gadag
263
12
6 Haveri
91
0
7 Uttara kannada
162
4
8 Gulburga
72
0
9 Yadgiri
120
57
10 Bidar
86
28
11 Bellary
118
13
12 Koppala
71
4
13 Raichur
1607
344
30
Total
30%
31-50% 51-99%
100%
26
26
84
30
33
20
19
13
9
5
6
3
6
17
81
7
1
4
2
6
56
37
74
84
0
3
21
67
42
31
44
41
1
47
14
10
26
12
24
1
25
20
11
2
63
4
3
35
9
19
26
13
297
245
409
312
GROUNDWATER LEVEL
Weather Forecasting
Meso-Scale Rainfall forecast model
developed in collaboration with
CSIR-CMMACS, Govt of INDIA
Weather forecast in collaboration
with Space Application Centre,
Ahmadabad.
Weather forecast from other
sources like NCEP.
Hobli-level Rainfall forecast 2 times a day,
8.30 AM and 4.30 PM for the state
Hobli-level weather forecast for 3 days at
12 hrs format. The Rainfall, Temperature,
Relative Humidity, Cloud Cover, Wind
Speed and Wind Direction forecast given
for the next 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs,
60 hrs and 72 hrs.
The cumulative Rainfall forecast given
for the next 7 days and 15 days.
GRAMAPANCHAYTH
LEVEL RAINFALL(mm)
FORECAST
FOR 08.30 AM OF
16.10.2014 T0
08.30 AM OF 17.10.2014.
NCEP FORECAST OUTLOOK FOR NEXT 2 WEEKS, UPTO 01st
NOVEMBER 2014
Information Dissemination
Reports through email to the officers of line Dept., GoK.
Alert / Early warning SMS to Mobile Phones of Govt Officers.
KSNDMC Web-Portal www. ksndmc.org
Social Media www.facebook.com/pages/ksndmc
24 x7 Interactive Help-Desk VARUNA MITRA
KSNDMC Reports:
•Developing, Maintaining and Updating a database on Natural
Hazards in the state.
•Preparation and issue of,

Daily Reports at 8.30 am and 4.30 pm every day.

State and District level weekly reports.

State and District level monthly reports.

State and District level Seasonal reports.

Annual report.
ALERTS, EARLY WARNING AND ADVISORIES
Through SMS to the Officers
How Alert System Works?
KSNDMC TRG
Server
15 min
GPRS
Telemetric Rain Gauge
Alert Decision
Making System
KSNDMC Central Server
ALERTS/EARLY WARNINGS/ ADVISORIES/ FORECAST
SENT AS SMS
• High Intensity Rainfall Alert (HIRA), Heavy Rainfall Alerts (HRA), Very
Heavy Rainfall Alerts (VHRA) issued through SMS up to Grampanchayath
Level.
• SMS with ALERT /EARLY WARNING / ADVISORIES / FORECAST are
sent to Govt. functionaries from state level to Grampanchayath level.
• HIRA – High Intensity Rainfall Alert ( ≥ 50 mm/hr )
• HRA – High Rainfall Alert (≥ 64.5 mm/day )
• VHRA – Very High Rainfall Alert (≥ 124.5 mm/day )
These Alerts / Early warning SMSs are helping the officers to advise
the farming community / general public.
KSNDMC Web-Portal
www. ksndmc.org
Web enabled information dissemination to farmers at
Raitha Samparka Kendras
24 x 7 Interactive HELP DESK
VARUNA MITRA
In order to disseminate Hobli & Grampanchayath level weather
forecast and Information directly to farmers / general public, an
interactive Help-desk “VARUNA MITRA” has been functioning at
KSNDMC.
“VARUNA MITRA”
Telephone Numbers
9243345433
080-22745232
080-22745234
Sep/14
Aug/14
Jul/14
Jun/14
May/14
Apr/14
14,131
38,050
38,885
22,372
26,964
31,685
40,000
Mar/14
Feb/14
10,878
6,441
12,819
40,313
49,761
47,735
Call Details From June 2011 to 14th September 2014
Jan/14
Dec/13
45,000
Nov/13
50,000
Oct/13
Sep/13
Aug/13
25,000
20,759
24,705
22,593
28,901
30,000
Jul/13
35,000
Jun/13
May/13
Apr/13
Mar/13
Feb/13
Jan/13
Dec/12
Nov/12
Oct/12
Sep/12
Aug/12
Jul/12
Jun/12
May/12
Apr/12
Mar/12
Feb/12
Jan/12
Dec/11
Nov/11
Oct/11
Sep/11
5,000
Aug/11
10,000
1,124
1,018
1,236
873
913
903
518
200
217
358
512
563
3,902
3,397
3,566
5,169
9,108
7,392
3,719
773
3,923
5,463
6,440
11,249
15,000
Jul/11
20,000
Jun/11
“VARUNA MITRA” Call Details
Total Calls - 5,09,528
0
YEAR WISE CALL DETAILS
Year Wise Call Details From June 2011 to 14th September 2014
Total Calls - 5,09,528
2,40,791
2,23,732
2,50,000
2,00,000
1,50,000
1,00,000
38,103
50,000
6,585
0
Jun - 11 to Dec - 11
Jan - 12 to Dec - 12
Jan - 13 to Dec - 13
Jan - 14 to 14th - Sep - 13
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
3,719
10,878
28,901
40,313
38,885
38,050
49,761
47,735
50000
7,392
14,131
9,108
5,169
22,593
24,705
45000
3,566
3,397
20,759
31,685
40000
3,902
11,249
26,964
35000
563
6,440
25000
22,372
30000
512
5,463
15000
12,819
20000
358
217
3,923
5000
6,441
10000
200
773
Year Wise Call Details From Jan 2012 to 14th Sep 2014
2012
2013
2014
Dec
SW-MONSOON SEASON
Total Calls - 2,57,753
Monsoon Season Call Details From 2011 till 14th Sep 2014
1,40,510
1,60,000
1,40,000
96,958
1,20,000
1,00,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
4,251
16,034
20,000
0
Jun-11 to Sep-11
Jun-12 to Sep-12
Jun-13 to Sep-13
Jun-14 to 14th-Sep-14
Urban Flooding
Vulnerability

Bangalore is vulnerable to flood due to
–
–
–
–
Lack of planning
Drastic land use changes
Lakes transformed to Layouts
Adhoc development of drainage system
Total 100 TRG’s in Bangalore BBMP – Since May 2013
Density of TRG at 1 sq km to 4 sq km in BBMP Area- In par with NDMA norms.
Till 2009 there were only 10 Rain Gauges in BBMP Area
Daily Rainfall Map & Rainfall Runoff
Estimation
CARRYING CAPACITY
&VOLUME OF WATER-SWD
SURFACE RUNOFF
&
FLOW IN SWD
VOLUME OF WATERWATERSHED
Capacity Building
CIVIL DEFENCE
Advices & Services of KSNDMC
Common Man
R&D
Agrarian Community
Irrigation
Agro based Sector
Transport Sector
Power & Energy
Fisherman
THANK YOU
Maintenance of TRG and TWS Network.
KSNDMC is following a three-tier protocol for the maintenance of
TRG and TWS installed at GP / Hobli level.
As a part of Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC) every month the
supplier has to visit each of the stations installed by them for the
preventive maintenance.
A local caretaker is appointed in each station for the day to day
maintenance.
KSNDMC Scientific Personnel periodically visiting TRG & TWS
stations.
Rainfall Data from KSNDMC Server
15 minutes Weather Data received from KSNDMC Web