Utdanning i akademisk redelighet – tiltak for etikk i utdanningene

Hva betyr det at nanoteknologi er
samfunnsmessig robust?
Harald Throne-Holst (SIFO)
Roger Strand (Senter for vitenskapsteori, UiB)
Problem- og innsatskontekster

Context of discovery: nyskapende

Context of justification: gyldig

Context of application: sikker

Context of implication: robust
H. Nowotny, P. Scott & M. Gibbons: Re-Thinking Science, Polity
2001

A 21st century view of science must
not only embrace the wider societal
context, but be prepared for the
context to begin to talk back.

Reliable knowledge will no longer
suffice, at least in those cases, where
the consensuality reached within the
scientific community will fail to
impress those outside.

In a 21st century view of science,
more will be demanded from science:
a decisive shift towards a more
extended notion of scientific
knowledge, namely a shift towards
socially robust or context-sensitive
knowledge.
Helga Nowotny
President European
Research Council
(Helga Nowotny 1999)
Photo http://ec.europa.eu/research/eurab/cvnowotny.html
Hva er samfunnsmessig robust?

Samfunnsmessig robust teknologi

Styrings- og utviklingsprosesser som leder til
samfunnsmessig robust teknologi

i forsknings- og utviklingssystemet

i verdikjeden og i markedet

i medieoffentlighet og politikk

i det sivile samfunn og kultur
Narratives of Nature & Nanotechnology
1. Nanotechnology as Nature
2. Nanotechnology inspired by Nature
3. Nanotechnology improving on Nature
4. Nanotechnology using Nature
5. Nanotechnology transgressing Nature
6. Nanotechnology restricted by Nature
7. Nanotechnology controlling Nature
8. Nanotechnology threatening Nature
9. Nanotechnology treating Nature
Nanotechnology as Nature
The Story
Nature is nanotechnology at work (e.g.
the cell and its components).
Beginning - Beliefs
A mechanistic concept of nature.
Nanotechnology as natural and
familiar and therefore uncontroversial.
End - Research Directions
By representing nature as a kind of proof
of concept, this narrative lays the
foundation for the development of
nanotechnology as a legitimate field of
research.
Nanotechnology improving on Nature
The Story
Nature has limits that nanotechnologies enable
us to overcome.
Beginning - Beliefs
Nature is deficient and human beings can and
should seek to improve on it.
End - Research Directions
Extreme = human enhancement.
Moderate = the production of novel materials
with enhanced functionalities, e.g. carbon
nanotubes and their use in biosensors.
Nanotechnology controlling Nature
The Story
Nanotechnology can help us control
dangerous and destructive aspects of
nature.
Beginning - Beliefs
We are in a battle with a threatening nature
and nanotechnology is a tool we can use
for protection.
End - Research Directions
Medical and other applications aimed at
controlling pathogens and/or cell growth.
Conversations with nanoresearchers

The Excellent Nanoresearcher

The Subordinate Nanoresearcher

The Social-Democrat Nanoresearcher

The Risk-Minded Nanoresearcher

The Uncertainty-Minded Nanoresearcher

The Ironic Nanoresearcher
Conversations with nanoresearchers

The Excellent Nanoresearcher


The Subordinate Nanoresearcher


“Scientists are not treated as they should be by
the politicians. They do not understand what it is
all about”
“I do not know […]. The project is given to me by
my supervisor”
The Social-Democrat Nanoresearcher

“If you believe in this thing with democracy, you
have to let go a bit”