CORMIX application: Input and output options, visualisation and

Transcription

CORMIX application: Input and output options, visualisation and
CORMIX Input / Output
CorVue provides interactive 3D and 2D near-field and far-field plume
visualizations of simulation model results, ambient boundaries, and
locations of regulatory mixing zone (RMZ) and toxic dilution zone
(TDZ) boundaries.
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5-1
Section Outline
• Input and output methods and controls
• System components/ rule base messaging
• Flow classification/description
• Hydrodynamic simulation
• Interpretation of prediction files
• Session reports/system documentation
• User Help
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5-2
Data Requirements for CORMIX
• All data input segments have similar features
• Current data entry box is highlighted in yellow
• Double-click clears entry
• Open format: decimals not required for numerical input
• Systems checks for data inconsistencies and errors
• If error occurs during validation - user will be prompted to check
and re-enter values
• Extensive online Help - CorHelp
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3-3
Units of Measure
• CORMIX uses metric SI units (MKS) in all internal calculations
• CORMIX will automatically convert English/Mixed input units to
metric SI equivalents
• You can force input to SI with the pre-processing option
“Convert to SI Units”
• CORMIX reports only in SI units
• 3 - 4 significant digits is sufficient for most data
• Density values may require up to 5 significant digits
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3-4
DATA INPUT - Project Tab
• SITE NAME or LABEL - descriptive text
• DESIGN CASE - descriptive text
• FILE NAME - maximum 256 characters w/o extension
– CORMIX will assign “.cmx” extension
• Prepared By, Date, Project Notes
Figure 3-13: Project Data Input Tab
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3-5
DATA INPUT - Effluent Tab
• Flowrate (velocity)
• Density (temperature)
• Concentration
• Pollutant concentrations
– Any conventional measure
• mg/L, ppb, %,
bacteria-count, etc.
– Above existing background
• Pollutant Type
– Conservative,
Non-conservative, Heated,
Brine, Sediment
– Non-conservative
• Allows 1st order decay
• Specify k(1/day)
Figure 3-14: Effluent Data Input Tab
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3-6
Effluent Types
CORMIX allows you to predict 5 types of effluent discharges
1. Conservative Pollutant: The pollutant does not undergo any
decay/growth processes.
2. Non-Conservative Pollutant : The pollutant undergoes a first order
decay or growth process.
– You need to specify the COEFFICIENT of decay (positive number) or
growth (negative number) in units /day (per day).
3. Heated Discharge: The discharge will experience heat loss to the
atmosphere IF the plume contacts the water surface.
– You need to specify the discharge condition in terms of EXCESS
temperature ΔT above ambient in units oC, and the SURFACE
TEMPERATURE
4. Brines: Coastal applications – bottom slope controls trajectory
5. Sediments – Continuous pipeline dredge sources
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6-7
Ambient Background Concentration
• To account for background concentration in CORMIX
– Enter all concentration values as excess above ambient
E.G. Ambient concentration = 10 mgl
Discharge concentration = 100 mgl
CMC=40 mgl; CCC = 15 mgl
– Enter into CORMIX as
C0 = 100 – 10 = 90 mgl
CMC = 40 – 10 = 30 mgl
CCC = 15 – 10 = 5 mgl
• If CORMIX predicts concentration at x = 100 m is c= 12 mg/l
– Actual concentration would be 12+10=22 mgl
– CMC and CCC values/messages will be reported correctly
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6-8
Pollutant Growth / Decay
Non-conservative pollutants:
Adaptation to First-Order Reaction Processes
• Initial mixing mechanisms have very short time scale
– (order of minutes)
– Usually much less than the typical reaction times for growth or decay of
most discharged substances.
• If not apply exponential decay with reaction time Kr-1 to get nonconservative concentration cn
cn = c ⋅ e
− kr ⋅t
• Applied to physical, chemical, and/or biological reaction mechanisms
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6-9
Cross-Section Schematization
• Ambient environments always
have boundaries
A)
– Vertical
– Lateral
• One must enter boundary
information into CORMIX
– Process called Schematization
• Assemble cross-section plots
at several downstream locations
B)
• Determine ”Equivalent
rectangular Cross-sectional area”
or schematization to account for
plume boundary interaction
Figure 3-17: Cross-Section Schematization
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 10
Cross-Section Schematization
• Positively Buoyant Discharge
– Will rise upwards
A)
• Deeper areas irrelevant
– Schematized in Figure 3-17a
– Neglect very shallow bank
areas/shallow floodways
• For highly non-uniform
conditions:
– HD usually strongly
influences near -field mixing
– HA usually strongly
influences far -field mixing
B)
Figure 3-17a: Schematizations for positively
buoyant discharge
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 11
Cross-Section Schematization
• Negatively Buoyant Discharge
– Will sink downwards
A)
• Shallow areas irrelevant
– Schematized in Figure 3-17b
– Neglect very shallow bank
areas/shallow floodways
• Assign more weight to crosssections near discharge
• Determine Surface width BS and
average depth HA for
schematization
• If discharge and ambient velocity
data is available, check continuity
of schematization
B)
QA=BS*HA*UA
• Actual water depth at discharge
HD
– +/- 30% of HA allowed by
CORMIX 1& 2
Figure 3-17b: Schematizations for negatively
buoyant discharge
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 12
Unbounded Channels
• Far shoreline very far away
– Large lakes, ocean
discharges
• Hydrographic and geometric
information are closely linked
• Assemble plots showing water
depth as function distance
from shoreline for the
discharge location and
several downstream
locations
Figure 3-19: Bottom Contours – Cumulative
discharge
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 13
Unbounded Channels – Cumulative Discharge
• Specification of actual water depth at submerged discharge
location HD for CORMIX1,2 same as for unbounded case
• Specification of HD for CORMIX3 identical to bounded case
• For unbounded cases, usually specify Darcy-Weisbach friction
factor f
– f ranges from 0.020-0.030
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 14
Unbounded Channels – Cumulative Discharge
• Determine cumulative ambient discharge QAc from shore to
discharge location
• For each subsequent downstream location, mark the position for
the same cumulative ambient discharge
• Examine vertically averaged velocity and depth at these positions
for typical values of ambient depth HA and ambient velocity UA
• Give most weight to positions near discharge
• Distance from the shore DISTB is defined by
QAC
DISTB =
ua * HA
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 15
Ambient Density Specification
• Ambient specified as fresh water or non-fresh
• Important dynamic parameter is density not temperature
• If fresh water and above 10 deg C, ambient temperature can be
specified
• Ambient density can be uniform or non-uniform
– Neutral, Positive or Negatively buoyant discharges
• Up to 2 layer density profiles (CORMIX 1 & 2)
– Brine/Sediment discharges
• Up to 3 layer density profiles (Brine & Sediment)
– CorJet allows any arbitrary density profile
• Up to 10 layers
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 16
Ambient Density Specification
• For CORMIX3 case, use an average density value
– Weighted towards surface density
– If strong near -field is present, larger averaging depth should be
input
• Pycnocline height HINT must be specified for profiles B,C
– May cause plume trapping
• Choice of pycnocline should be evaluated in a subsequent
sensitivity study
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 17
Ambient Density Specification
Neutrally, Negatively or Positively buoyant discharge density profiles:
• If vertical variation of density < 1oC or 0.1 kg/m3
– Specify as uniform
– Specify average ambient density or average ambient temperature
• CORMIX1 and 2 allow for the stratification types shown in Figure 3-20
• CORMIX3 (Surface Discharge) assumes positive or neutral discharge and uniform
surface layer
Figure 3-20: Possible Approximations of Ambient Density Profiles
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 18
Special Case – Brine/Sediment Discharges
• Coastal
Environments
A)
• Near and Far
offshore slopes,
roughness, and
velocity
• Up to 3-layer density
profile
B)
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 19
Density Calculator
• Pre- prosessing tool
• Calculates density
from temperature /
salinity values
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 20
Wind Effects on Mixing in CORMIX
Wind Effects
• Wind is unimportant for near-field mixing
• Can critically affect plume behavior in the far-field
• Is non-directional within CORMIX
• Wind effects on ambient surface velocity should be captured by
schematization
• The typical wind speed categories (measured at the 10 m level) are:
– Breeze: 0-3 m/s
– Light wind: 3-15 m/s
– Strong wind: 15-30 m/s
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6 - 21
Wind Effects on Mixing in CORMIX
• If NO field wind data available:
• 2 m/s: RECOMMENDED value for conservative design conditions
• 0 m/s: Extreme low value
– Unrealistic for field conditions
– Useful when comparing to laboratory data
• 15 m/s: Maximum value allowed in CORMIX
• Wind speed Uw
• Effects far-field mixing, for heated discharges
• Is non-directional in CORMIX
– However wind direction may affect surface velocity field
– Surface currents should be captured by schematization
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6 - 22
Channel Roughness- Ambient Turbulence
• Channel roughness characteristics given
– Manning’s n or
– Darcy-Weisbach friction factor f
2
n
2
f = 8g 1/3 g =9.81m/ s
HA
• Influences far -field mixing processes
• Does not have large influence on mixing
• Estimate friction factor by +/- 30%; prediction within +/- 10% at most
• Manning’s n shown in Table 3-1
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 23
Typical Manning’s N values for Channel Roughness
Channel Type
Manning’s n
Smooth earth channel, no weeds
0.020
Earth channel, some stones & weeds
0.025
Clean & Straight natural rivers
0.025 - 0.030
Winding channel, with pools & shoals
0.033 - 0.040
Very weedy streams, winding, overgrown
0.35 - 0.150
Clean straight alluvial channels
(d = 75% sediment grain size in feet)
0.031d1/6
Table 3-1: Typical Manning’s n values
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 24
DATA INPUT – Discharge Tab
Options for
• Single Ports
(CORMIX1)
• Multiport Diffusers
(CORMIX2)
• Surface –shoreline
discharges (CORMIX 3)
Discharge Data Input Tab – CORMIX2
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 25
DATA INPUT - CORMIX1- Discharge Tab
• CORMIX1 - Single port discharges
• Definition diagram appears in Figure 3-22
Figure 3-22: Definition Diagram for CORMIX1 discharge data
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 26
Limits of Applicability- CORMIX1
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
CS1 - 27
DATA INPUT – Zones Tab (Contd.)
• Number of grid intervals NSTEP
– NSTEP Only controls lines of output
• If TDZ definitions apply
– CMC checked at edge of TDZ
– CCC checked at edge of RMZ
• RMZ can be specified by:
– Distance from discharge location
– Cross-sectional area occupied by the plume
– Width of effluent plume
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 28
CORMIX1 Coordinate System
+z -axis
• Right hand coordinate
system
• Origin: (0,0,0) on bottom
directly below port
– Index finger: +x direction
of ambient flow ua
– Middle finger: +y lateral
direction
+y -axis
– Thumb: +z discretion
upwards
+x -axis
• Nearest bank: left or right
as seen by observing facing
downstream
Origin (0,0,0)
Fig. CS1-2: Coordinate System shown in
CorSpy for co-flow discharge.
+x is the direction of the ambient
velocity ua
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
CS1 - 29
CORMIX1- Discharge Location
• Nearest bank: left or right as seen
by observing facing downstream
• DISTB: lateral distance to nearest
bank
A)
• Port diameter, or cross-sectional
area
• Height of port above bottom H0
B)
Fig. CS1-3: A) Distance to bank DISTB, and
B) Port height HO in CorSpy
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
CS1 - 30
Port Orientation: Vertical Angle of Discharge θ
z- axis
Vertical angle of discharge
THETA0
θ= 150
• Angle between port centerline and
horizontal plane
σ= 00
• -45<= θ<= 90o
x- axis
• Fig.CS1-5 shows co-flow discharge
–
z- axis
σ = 0o
θ = 450
σ= 00
x- axis
Fig. CS1-4: Side views of Coordinates in CorSpy
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
CS1 - 31
Port Orientation: Horizontal Angle of Discharge σ
A)
+y axis
Horizontal angle of discharge
SIGMA0
• Angle between ambient current
and plan projection of port
centerline measured
counterclockwise
+x axis
• 0o ≤ σ0 ≤ 360o
– σ = 0o or 360o : Co-flow
– σ = 90o : Crossflow to left
– σ = 180o : Counter-flow
+y axis
+y axis
B)
C)
+x axis
+x axis
Fig. CS1-5: Plan Views of
A) σ = 0o,
B) σ = 90o, and,
C) σ = 235o in CorSpy
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
CS1 - 32
CORMIX2 Diffuser Types
3 Major CORMIX2 Diffuser Types
• Unidirectional diffuser: all ports point to one side of diffuser line,
more or less horizontally
• Staged diffuser: all ports point in one direction along diffuser line,
more or less horizontally
• Alternating diffuser: ports do not point in single horizontal direction
– Imparts no net horizontal momentum
– May point more or less horizontally in alternating directions
– May point vertically upwards
• CORMIX always assumes uniform spacing and round port
cross-sections
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
4 - 33
Unidirectional Diffusers
A)
LD
B)
C)
Figure 4-15: Unidirectional Diffusers
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
4 - 34
Staged Diffusers
A)
LD
B)
C)
Figure 4-16: Staged Diffusers
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
4 - 35
Alternating Diffusers
A)
D)
B)
E)
C)
Figure 4-17: Alternating Diffusers
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
4 - 36
CORMIX2 - Multiport Diffuser Data Entry
CORMIX2: Multiport diffusers
• Generalized definition sketch appears in Figure 4-11
• Many parameters similar to single port definitions
Figure 4-11: Definition Diagram for CORMIX2 (special case HA= HD)
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
4 - 37
CORMIX3 Data Input for Surface Discharges
CORMIX3
• Surface buoyant discharges
• Definition sketch appears in
Figure 4-28
• CORMIX3 allows for three
discharge types shown in
Figure 4-29
– Flush with bank/shore
(Fig. 4-29a)
– Protruding from bank/shore
(Fig. 4-29b)
– Co -flowing along bank
(Fig. 4-29c)
Figure 4-28: Definitions for CORMIX3 input
geometry
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
4 - 38
CORMIX3 Discharge Types
Figure 4-29: CORMIX3 surface discharge configurations
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
4 - 39
CORMIX3 Cross-Section Schematization
• CORMIX3 uses actual water
depth observed at channel
entry HD0
• Requires specification of
receiving water bottom slope θb (THETAB)
• Slope of receiving water bottom
surface perpendicular to shoreline
• Important for bottom attaching
plumes
Figure 3-18: Surface Discharge Schematization
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 40
Ambient Velocity Field
• Ambient discharge QA or mean ambient velocity UA is used to
specify ambient flow conditions
• Special case: stagnant ambient: QA or UA = 0
– Only near -field predictions given
– Steady-state far -field process require mean transport velocity
• May (not always) represent extreme limiting case for dilution
• More realistic assumption is a small but finite ambient crossflow
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 41
DATA INPUT – Zones Tab
• Provides information
which allows SUMMARY
REPORT to tailor
hydrodynamic analysis to
current situation
• Information specified in
ZONES:
– If EPA toxic dilution
zone TDZ definitions
apply
– If ambient water quality
criteria standard exists
– If regulatory mixing
zone RMZ definition
exists
• The downstream extent of
the region of interest
(ROI)
Figure 3-23: Mixing Zone Data Input Tab
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
3 - 42
CORMIX System Output Tab
• The output tab controls options for display, print of program output
• Print and save functions also available in each output window
Figure 5-1: CORMIX System output control tab
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 43
Parameter Module
• Input data automatically
screened for logic and
parameter range errors
• Program module
PARAMATER computes
important length scales and
other dynamic parameters
• Also describes logic of flow
classification
• Messages displayed in
Processing Record
Figure 5-2: Program element PARAMETER
calculates basic plume physical
properties
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 44
Processing Record Messages
Figure 5-3: The Processing Record as displayed in the processing tab
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 45
Processing Record
• Conveys basic information on mixing processes present using
careful terminology
• Additional checks for data consistency with modeling assumptions
• Describes key calculation assumptions
• Subsequent tests may alter or amplify initial results
– Ambient density profiles may not be stable
• Stability is checked with a flux Richardson number
– Dynamic bottom attachments
– Near-field instabilities may prevent sinking plume
• Collects information for Flow Classification
• Alerts user to FLOW CLASSIFICATION
– Alerts user if simulation is available for the assigned flow class
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 46
Processing Record Messages
Parameter messages shown in Processing Record
Examples:
• ”The effluent density (1000.45 kg/m^3) is greater that the surrounding water
density at the discharge level (997.2 kg/m^3). Therefore, the effluent is
negatively buoyant and will tend to sink towards the bottom”
• STRONG BANK INTERACTION will occur for this perpendicular diffuser
type due to its proximity to the bank (shoreline). The shoreline will act as a
symmetry line for the diffuser flow field. The diffuser length and total flow
variables are doubled (or approximately doubled, depending on the vicinity
to the shoreline). All of the following length scales are computed on that
basis”
• ”The specified two layer ambient density stratification is dynamically
important. The discharge near field flow will be confined to the lower layer
by the ambient density stratification. Furthermore, it may be trapped below
the ambient density jump at the pycnocline.”
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 47
Flow Class Descriptions
• Flow Class description gives a
qualitative description of the
physical processes of near-field
and far-field mixing
• Option to view, print, or save is
available in Output Tab
• Actual HYDRO execution may
alter or change final physical
process simulations based upon
dynamic mixing parameters
– Density Current/Buoyant
spreading may not occur
depending upon amount of
near-field mixing
Figure 5-6: Flow Class descriptions describe
the physical mixing processes in
each flow class
• Figure 5.6 Gives example for V1
flow class description
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 48
FC Tree for Current Simulation
Figure 5-7: The FC Tree displays the flow classification logic for the current simulation
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 49
Hydrodynamic Simulation Modules
• CORMIX uses regional flow models
• Distinct Series of ’hydrodynamic modules” are executed
sequentially to simulate entire flow field for a given flow classification
• Flow class descriptions give qualitative description of physical mixing
processes likely to be present for flow
Figure 5-8: Illustrative example of a sequence of CORMIX hydrodynamic flow modules
executed for plume simulation for flow classification V1
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 50
Brine / Sediment Density Currents
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 51
V1 Flow Class Description
Table 5.1: V1 Flow Class Description
FLOW CLASS V1
A submerged buoyant effluent issues vertically or near-vertically from the discharge port.
The discharge configuration is hydrodynamically “stable”, that is the discharge strength
(measured by its momentum flux) is weak in relation to the layer depth and in relation to the
stabilizing effect of the discharge buoyancy (measured by its buoyancy flux).
The following flow zones exist:
1) Weakly deflected jet in crossflow:
The flow is initially dominated by the effluent momentum (jet-like) and is weakly deflected
by the ambient current.
2) Weakly deflected plume in crossflow:
After some distance the discharge buoyancy becomes the dominating factor
(plume-like). The plume deflection by the am-bient current is still weak.
Alternate possibility:
Depending on the ratio of the jet to crossflow length scale to the plume to crossflow
length scale the above zone may be replaced by a strongly deflected jet in crossflow:
2) Strongly deflected jet in crossflow:
The jet has become strongly deflected by the ambient current.
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 52
V1 Flow Class Description
Table 5.1 (cont.): V1 Flow Class Description
3) Strongly deflected plume in crossflow:
The plume has been strongly deflected by the current and is slowly rising toward the
surface
4) Layer boundary approach:
The bent-over submerged jet/plume approaches the layer boundary (water surface or
pycnocline). Within a short distance the concentration distribution becomes rela-tively
uniform across the plume width and thickness.
*The zones listed above constitute the NEAR-FIELD REGION in which strong initial mixing takes place. *
5) Buoyant spreading at layer boundary:
The plume spreads laterally along the layer boundary (surface or pycnocline) while it
is being advected by the ambient current. The plume thickness may de-crease during
this phase. The mixing rate is relatively small. The plume may interact with a nearby
bank or shoreline.
6) Passive ambient mixing:
After some distance the background turbulence in the ambient shear flow becomes
the dominating mixing mechanism. The passive plume is growing in depth and in
width. The plume may interact with the channel bottom and/or banks.
*** Predictions will be terminated in zone 5 or 6 depending on the definitions of the REGULA-TORY
MIXING ZONE or the REGION OF INTEREST. ***
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 53
CORMIX Hydrodynamic Prediction
Maximum Centerline vs. Flux Average Dilution
• To obtain flux average or bulk dilution (Sf)
• For single port discharges: Sf/S = 1.7
• For multiport discharges or surface discharges: Sf/S = 1.3
Dilution vs. Concentration
• CORMIX gives minimum centerline dilution S
–
maximum concentration C
• Dilution S is ratio of initial concentration C0 to concentration C at given location
C0
S=
C
• Dilution neglects any decay or growth for non-conservative pollutants
• Dilution S will NOT include 1st order effects; while Concentration C does!
Hydrodynamic Display
Plume centerline shift to bank after attachment more gradual than predicted
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 54
FORTRAN Hydrodynamic Simulation
CORMIX Hydrodynamic Simulation and Flow Modules
•
•
•
•
•
The FORTRAN tabular simulation output is available as filename.prd
x, y, z trajectory of plume centerline
Concentration c of pollutant
Dilution S = c0/c
Plume width (B, BH, or BV)
Continuous modules
• Most subsurface modules based on CORJET or CorSurf
• Some buoyant spreading modules are integral
Control volume modules
• Used when no mechanistically based mathematical description is available
• Based on conservation of mass, momentum
Transitions from module to modules
• Continuous, satisfying conservation of mass, momentum, energy
• Occasional mismatches in plume width will result
• Most mismatches are small
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 55
CORMIX1 Hydro1 Prediction File
Figure 5-10: CORMIX1 Hydro1 near-field prediction file
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 56
CORMIX1 Boundary Interaction Prediction
Figure 5-11: CORMIX1 Hydro1 Boundary Interaction prediction file
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 57
CORMIX2 Hydro2 Far-field Density Current
Figure 5-12: CORMIX2 Hydro2 far-field density current prediction file
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 58
CORMIX3 Far-field Passive Diffusion Prediction
Figure 5-13: CORMIX3 Hydro3 far-field passive diffusion prediction file
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 59
CORMIX Plume Profile Definitions
Figure 5-14: Profile Definitions for potting CORMIX simulations
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 60
Plotting Plume Concentration Isolines
To Plot Plume Concentration Isolines
• For submerged plumes and passive mixing regions
c ( n ) = Cc e
n
− ( )2
b
Where:
C(n) = concentration a lateral position n
n= distance measured transversely away from centerline
Cc = centerline concentration
e= base of natural logarithm
b =local plume half-width
• Used with caution in control volume or buoyant spreading regions
– Use uniform or “top hat” distribution
• Figure 5-14 has useful relationships for plotting CORMIX simulation results
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 61
Summary Output File
Program Element SUM
• Contains concise summary of simulations
• Interprets prediction results in relationship to regulatory criteria
• Alerts user to special plume characteristics
• SUMMARY Report output data includes:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Date and Time of analysis
Complete echo of data input
Calculated flux, length scale and non-dimensional parameter values
The CORMIX flow classification assigned
The coordinate system used in analysis
Summary of near-field hydrodynamic mixing zone (HMZ) conditions
Far-field locations where plume becomes fully mixed vertically and horizontally
Summary of toxic dilution zone (TDZ) conditions
Summary of regulatory mixing zone (RMZ) conditions
Describes bottom attachments, bank interaction, upstream intrusions
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 62
Summary Program Element
Figure 5-9: Session Report Window
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 63
Post-Processor: CorVue Visualization Tool
CorVue tool for mixing zone visualization
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6 - 64
V1 Flow Class CorVue Visualization
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 65
Pre-processor: CorSpy
• Visualize 3-D source geometry for single ports, multiport diffuser and
surface discharges
• Check your geometry
• Visualize coordinate system
• Visualize lateral and horizontal boundaries
• Calculate YB1 and YB2 for multiport diffusers based on diffuser
alignment angle γ
• Communicate outfall design
• Load CorSpy Data into CORMIX Discharge Tab
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6 - 66
Pre-processor: CorSpy
Figure 6-18: CorSpy example of perpendicular fanned alternating diffuser where HD > HA
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6 - 67
Pre-processor: CorSpy Data Input
Figure 6-17: CorSpy data entry for outfall visualization
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6 - 68
Post-processor: CorSens Sensitivity Analysis
• Sensitivity analysis is always recommended
– Effects of schematization
– Normal variation in ambient / discharge conditions
• CorSens tool automatically allows you to create and run
simulations and vary input parameters
– Effect of duckbill check valves
• User can vary one or all multiple parameters
– discharge velocity, discharge density, ambient velocity, ambient
depth, surface and bottom density
• Produces CorSens Report and HMZ and RMZ values
• Graphs of dilution/concentration vs. single parameter are available
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6 - 69
Post-processor: CorSens Sensitivity Analysis
Figure 6-19: CorSens data entry GUI
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6 - 70
Post-processor: CorSens Sensitivity Analysis
Figure 6-20: CorSens data output table
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
6 - 71
CORMIX Help / Documentation
CorDocs
• Hypertext User Manual
• F1 key access
• Linked to current data
input box
– Also contains technical
reports for CORMIX1,
2, & 3
– Available in
G/GT/GTS/GTR
versions
Figure 5-15: CorDocs hypertext system documentation
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 72
Section Summary
• View, print, save output files
• Rule base messaging
• Flow classification and Hydrodynamic simulation
• Interpretation of system documentation
• User Help
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Input / Output
5 - 73