CORMIX application: Input and output options, visualisation and
Transcription
CORMIX application: Input and output options, visualisation and
CORMIX Input / Output CorVue provides interactive 3D and 2D near-field and far-field plume visualizations of simulation model results, ambient boundaries, and locations of regulatory mixing zone (RMZ) and toxic dilution zone (TDZ) boundaries. © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5-1 Section Outline • Input and output methods and controls • System components/ rule base messaging • Flow classification/description • Hydrodynamic simulation • Interpretation of prediction files • Session reports/system documentation • User Help © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5-2 Data Requirements for CORMIX • All data input segments have similar features • Current data entry box is highlighted in yellow • Double-click clears entry • Open format: decimals not required for numerical input • Systems checks for data inconsistencies and errors • If error occurs during validation - user will be prompted to check and re-enter values • Extensive online Help - CorHelp © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3-3 Units of Measure • CORMIX uses metric SI units (MKS) in all internal calculations • CORMIX will automatically convert English/Mixed input units to metric SI equivalents • You can force input to SI with the pre-processing option “Convert to SI Units” • CORMIX reports only in SI units • 3 - 4 significant digits is sufficient for most data • Density values may require up to 5 significant digits © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3-4 DATA INPUT - Project Tab • SITE NAME or LABEL - descriptive text • DESIGN CASE - descriptive text • FILE NAME - maximum 256 characters w/o extension – CORMIX will assign “.cmx” extension • Prepared By, Date, Project Notes Figure 3-13: Project Data Input Tab © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3-5 DATA INPUT - Effluent Tab • Flowrate (velocity) • Density (temperature) • Concentration • Pollutant concentrations – Any conventional measure • mg/L, ppb, %, bacteria-count, etc. – Above existing background • Pollutant Type – Conservative, Non-conservative, Heated, Brine, Sediment – Non-conservative • Allows 1st order decay • Specify k(1/day) Figure 3-14: Effluent Data Input Tab © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3-6 Effluent Types CORMIX allows you to predict 5 types of effluent discharges 1. Conservative Pollutant: The pollutant does not undergo any decay/growth processes. 2. Non-Conservative Pollutant : The pollutant undergoes a first order decay or growth process. – You need to specify the COEFFICIENT of decay (positive number) or growth (negative number) in units /day (per day). 3. Heated Discharge: The discharge will experience heat loss to the atmosphere IF the plume contacts the water surface. – You need to specify the discharge condition in terms of EXCESS temperature ΔT above ambient in units oC, and the SURFACE TEMPERATURE 4. Brines: Coastal applications – bottom slope controls trajectory 5. Sediments – Continuous pipeline dredge sources © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6-7 Ambient Background Concentration • To account for background concentration in CORMIX – Enter all concentration values as excess above ambient E.G. Ambient concentration = 10 mgl Discharge concentration = 100 mgl CMC=40 mgl; CCC = 15 mgl – Enter into CORMIX as C0 = 100 – 10 = 90 mgl CMC = 40 – 10 = 30 mgl CCC = 15 – 10 = 5 mgl • If CORMIX predicts concentration at x = 100 m is c= 12 mg/l – Actual concentration would be 12+10=22 mgl – CMC and CCC values/messages will be reported correctly © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6-8 Pollutant Growth / Decay Non-conservative pollutants: Adaptation to First-Order Reaction Processes • Initial mixing mechanisms have very short time scale – (order of minutes) – Usually much less than the typical reaction times for growth or decay of most discharged substances. • If not apply exponential decay with reaction time Kr-1 to get nonconservative concentration cn cn = c ⋅ e − kr ⋅t • Applied to physical, chemical, and/or biological reaction mechanisms © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6-9 Cross-Section Schematization • Ambient environments always have boundaries A) – Vertical – Lateral • One must enter boundary information into CORMIX – Process called Schematization • Assemble cross-section plots at several downstream locations B) • Determine ”Equivalent rectangular Cross-sectional area” or schematization to account for plume boundary interaction Figure 3-17: Cross-Section Schematization © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 10 Cross-Section Schematization • Positively Buoyant Discharge – Will rise upwards A) • Deeper areas irrelevant – Schematized in Figure 3-17a – Neglect very shallow bank areas/shallow floodways • For highly non-uniform conditions: – HD usually strongly influences near -field mixing – HA usually strongly influences far -field mixing B) Figure 3-17a: Schematizations for positively buoyant discharge © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 11 Cross-Section Schematization • Negatively Buoyant Discharge – Will sink downwards A) • Shallow areas irrelevant – Schematized in Figure 3-17b – Neglect very shallow bank areas/shallow floodways • Assign more weight to crosssections near discharge • Determine Surface width BS and average depth HA for schematization • If discharge and ambient velocity data is available, check continuity of schematization B) QA=BS*HA*UA • Actual water depth at discharge HD – +/- 30% of HA allowed by CORMIX 1& 2 Figure 3-17b: Schematizations for negatively buoyant discharge © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 12 Unbounded Channels • Far shoreline very far away – Large lakes, ocean discharges • Hydrographic and geometric information are closely linked • Assemble plots showing water depth as function distance from shoreline for the discharge location and several downstream locations Figure 3-19: Bottom Contours – Cumulative discharge © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 13 Unbounded Channels – Cumulative Discharge • Specification of actual water depth at submerged discharge location HD for CORMIX1,2 same as for unbounded case • Specification of HD for CORMIX3 identical to bounded case • For unbounded cases, usually specify Darcy-Weisbach friction factor f – f ranges from 0.020-0.030 © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 14 Unbounded Channels – Cumulative Discharge • Determine cumulative ambient discharge QAc from shore to discharge location • For each subsequent downstream location, mark the position for the same cumulative ambient discharge • Examine vertically averaged velocity and depth at these positions for typical values of ambient depth HA and ambient velocity UA • Give most weight to positions near discharge • Distance from the shore DISTB is defined by QAC DISTB = ua * HA © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 15 Ambient Density Specification • Ambient specified as fresh water or non-fresh • Important dynamic parameter is density not temperature • If fresh water and above 10 deg C, ambient temperature can be specified • Ambient density can be uniform or non-uniform – Neutral, Positive or Negatively buoyant discharges • Up to 2 layer density profiles (CORMIX 1 & 2) – Brine/Sediment discharges • Up to 3 layer density profiles (Brine & Sediment) – CorJet allows any arbitrary density profile • Up to 10 layers © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 16 Ambient Density Specification • For CORMIX3 case, use an average density value – Weighted towards surface density – If strong near -field is present, larger averaging depth should be input • Pycnocline height HINT must be specified for profiles B,C – May cause plume trapping • Choice of pycnocline should be evaluated in a subsequent sensitivity study © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 17 Ambient Density Specification Neutrally, Negatively or Positively buoyant discharge density profiles: • If vertical variation of density < 1oC or 0.1 kg/m3 – Specify as uniform – Specify average ambient density or average ambient temperature • CORMIX1 and 2 allow for the stratification types shown in Figure 3-20 • CORMIX3 (Surface Discharge) assumes positive or neutral discharge and uniform surface layer Figure 3-20: Possible Approximations of Ambient Density Profiles © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 18 Special Case – Brine/Sediment Discharges • Coastal Environments A) • Near and Far offshore slopes, roughness, and velocity • Up to 3-layer density profile B) © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 19 Density Calculator • Pre- prosessing tool • Calculates density from temperature / salinity values © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 20 Wind Effects on Mixing in CORMIX Wind Effects • Wind is unimportant for near-field mixing • Can critically affect plume behavior in the far-field • Is non-directional within CORMIX • Wind effects on ambient surface velocity should be captured by schematization • The typical wind speed categories (measured at the 10 m level) are: – Breeze: 0-3 m/s – Light wind: 3-15 m/s – Strong wind: 15-30 m/s © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6 - 21 Wind Effects on Mixing in CORMIX • If NO field wind data available: • 2 m/s: RECOMMENDED value for conservative design conditions • 0 m/s: Extreme low value – Unrealistic for field conditions – Useful when comparing to laboratory data • 15 m/s: Maximum value allowed in CORMIX • Wind speed Uw • Effects far-field mixing, for heated discharges • Is non-directional in CORMIX – However wind direction may affect surface velocity field – Surface currents should be captured by schematization © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6 - 22 Channel Roughness- Ambient Turbulence • Channel roughness characteristics given – Manning’s n or – Darcy-Weisbach friction factor f 2 n 2 f = 8g 1/3 g =9.81m/ s HA • Influences far -field mixing processes • Does not have large influence on mixing • Estimate friction factor by +/- 30%; prediction within +/- 10% at most • Manning’s n shown in Table 3-1 © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 23 Typical Manning’s N values for Channel Roughness Channel Type Manning’s n Smooth earth channel, no weeds 0.020 Earth channel, some stones & weeds 0.025 Clean & Straight natural rivers 0.025 - 0.030 Winding channel, with pools & shoals 0.033 - 0.040 Very weedy streams, winding, overgrown 0.35 - 0.150 Clean straight alluvial channels (d = 75% sediment grain size in feet) 0.031d1/6 Table 3-1: Typical Manning’s n values © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 24 DATA INPUT – Discharge Tab Options for • Single Ports (CORMIX1) • Multiport Diffusers (CORMIX2) • Surface –shoreline discharges (CORMIX 3) Discharge Data Input Tab – CORMIX2 © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 25 DATA INPUT - CORMIX1- Discharge Tab • CORMIX1 - Single port discharges • Definition diagram appears in Figure 3-22 Figure 3-22: Definition Diagram for CORMIX1 discharge data © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 26 Limits of Applicability- CORMIX1 © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output CS1 - 27 DATA INPUT – Zones Tab (Contd.) • Number of grid intervals NSTEP – NSTEP Only controls lines of output • If TDZ definitions apply – CMC checked at edge of TDZ – CCC checked at edge of RMZ • RMZ can be specified by: – Distance from discharge location – Cross-sectional area occupied by the plume – Width of effluent plume © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 28 CORMIX1 Coordinate System +z -axis • Right hand coordinate system • Origin: (0,0,0) on bottom directly below port – Index finger: +x direction of ambient flow ua – Middle finger: +y lateral direction +y -axis – Thumb: +z discretion upwards +x -axis • Nearest bank: left or right as seen by observing facing downstream Origin (0,0,0) Fig. CS1-2: Coordinate System shown in CorSpy for co-flow discharge. +x is the direction of the ambient velocity ua © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output CS1 - 29 CORMIX1- Discharge Location • Nearest bank: left or right as seen by observing facing downstream • DISTB: lateral distance to nearest bank A) • Port diameter, or cross-sectional area • Height of port above bottom H0 B) Fig. CS1-3: A) Distance to bank DISTB, and B) Port height HO in CorSpy © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output CS1 - 30 Port Orientation: Vertical Angle of Discharge θ z- axis Vertical angle of discharge THETA0 θ= 150 • Angle between port centerline and horizontal plane σ= 00 • -45<= θ<= 90o x- axis • Fig.CS1-5 shows co-flow discharge – z- axis σ = 0o θ = 450 σ= 00 x- axis Fig. CS1-4: Side views of Coordinates in CorSpy © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output CS1 - 31 Port Orientation: Horizontal Angle of Discharge σ A) +y axis Horizontal angle of discharge SIGMA0 • Angle between ambient current and plan projection of port centerline measured counterclockwise +x axis • 0o ≤ σ0 ≤ 360o – σ = 0o or 360o : Co-flow – σ = 90o : Crossflow to left – σ = 180o : Counter-flow +y axis +y axis B) C) +x axis +x axis Fig. CS1-5: Plan Views of A) σ = 0o, B) σ = 90o, and, C) σ = 235o in CorSpy © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output CS1 - 32 CORMIX2 Diffuser Types 3 Major CORMIX2 Diffuser Types • Unidirectional diffuser: all ports point to one side of diffuser line, more or less horizontally • Staged diffuser: all ports point in one direction along diffuser line, more or less horizontally • Alternating diffuser: ports do not point in single horizontal direction – Imparts no net horizontal momentum – May point more or less horizontally in alternating directions – May point vertically upwards • CORMIX always assumes uniform spacing and round port cross-sections © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 4 - 33 Unidirectional Diffusers A) LD B) C) Figure 4-15: Unidirectional Diffusers © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 4 - 34 Staged Diffusers A) LD B) C) Figure 4-16: Staged Diffusers © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 4 - 35 Alternating Diffusers A) D) B) E) C) Figure 4-17: Alternating Diffusers © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 4 - 36 CORMIX2 - Multiport Diffuser Data Entry CORMIX2: Multiport diffusers • Generalized definition sketch appears in Figure 4-11 • Many parameters similar to single port definitions Figure 4-11: Definition Diagram for CORMIX2 (special case HA= HD) © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 4 - 37 CORMIX3 Data Input for Surface Discharges CORMIX3 • Surface buoyant discharges • Definition sketch appears in Figure 4-28 • CORMIX3 allows for three discharge types shown in Figure 4-29 – Flush with bank/shore (Fig. 4-29a) – Protruding from bank/shore (Fig. 4-29b) – Co -flowing along bank (Fig. 4-29c) Figure 4-28: Definitions for CORMIX3 input geometry © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 4 - 38 CORMIX3 Discharge Types Figure 4-29: CORMIX3 surface discharge configurations © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 4 - 39 CORMIX3 Cross-Section Schematization • CORMIX3 uses actual water depth observed at channel entry HD0 • Requires specification of receiving water bottom slope θb (THETAB) • Slope of receiving water bottom surface perpendicular to shoreline • Important for bottom attaching plumes Figure 3-18: Surface Discharge Schematization © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 40 Ambient Velocity Field • Ambient discharge QA or mean ambient velocity UA is used to specify ambient flow conditions • Special case: stagnant ambient: QA or UA = 0 – Only near -field predictions given – Steady-state far -field process require mean transport velocity • May (not always) represent extreme limiting case for dilution • More realistic assumption is a small but finite ambient crossflow © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 41 DATA INPUT – Zones Tab • Provides information which allows SUMMARY REPORT to tailor hydrodynamic analysis to current situation • Information specified in ZONES: – If EPA toxic dilution zone TDZ definitions apply – If ambient water quality criteria standard exists – If regulatory mixing zone RMZ definition exists • The downstream extent of the region of interest (ROI) Figure 3-23: Mixing Zone Data Input Tab © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 3 - 42 CORMIX System Output Tab • The output tab controls options for display, print of program output • Print and save functions also available in each output window Figure 5-1: CORMIX System output control tab © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 43 Parameter Module • Input data automatically screened for logic and parameter range errors • Program module PARAMATER computes important length scales and other dynamic parameters • Also describes logic of flow classification • Messages displayed in Processing Record Figure 5-2: Program element PARAMETER calculates basic plume physical properties © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 44 Processing Record Messages Figure 5-3: The Processing Record as displayed in the processing tab © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 45 Processing Record • Conveys basic information on mixing processes present using careful terminology • Additional checks for data consistency with modeling assumptions • Describes key calculation assumptions • Subsequent tests may alter or amplify initial results – Ambient density profiles may not be stable • Stability is checked with a flux Richardson number – Dynamic bottom attachments – Near-field instabilities may prevent sinking plume • Collects information for Flow Classification • Alerts user to FLOW CLASSIFICATION – Alerts user if simulation is available for the assigned flow class © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 46 Processing Record Messages Parameter messages shown in Processing Record Examples: • ”The effluent density (1000.45 kg/m^3) is greater that the surrounding water density at the discharge level (997.2 kg/m^3). Therefore, the effluent is negatively buoyant and will tend to sink towards the bottom” • STRONG BANK INTERACTION will occur for this perpendicular diffuser type due to its proximity to the bank (shoreline). The shoreline will act as a symmetry line for the diffuser flow field. The diffuser length and total flow variables are doubled (or approximately doubled, depending on the vicinity to the shoreline). All of the following length scales are computed on that basis” • ”The specified two layer ambient density stratification is dynamically important. The discharge near field flow will be confined to the lower layer by the ambient density stratification. Furthermore, it may be trapped below the ambient density jump at the pycnocline.” © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 47 Flow Class Descriptions • Flow Class description gives a qualitative description of the physical processes of near-field and far-field mixing • Option to view, print, or save is available in Output Tab • Actual HYDRO execution may alter or change final physical process simulations based upon dynamic mixing parameters – Density Current/Buoyant spreading may not occur depending upon amount of near-field mixing Figure 5-6: Flow Class descriptions describe the physical mixing processes in each flow class • Figure 5.6 Gives example for V1 flow class description © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 48 FC Tree for Current Simulation Figure 5-7: The FC Tree displays the flow classification logic for the current simulation © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 49 Hydrodynamic Simulation Modules • CORMIX uses regional flow models • Distinct Series of ’hydrodynamic modules” are executed sequentially to simulate entire flow field for a given flow classification • Flow class descriptions give qualitative description of physical mixing processes likely to be present for flow Figure 5-8: Illustrative example of a sequence of CORMIX hydrodynamic flow modules executed for plume simulation for flow classification V1 © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 50 Brine / Sediment Density Currents © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 51 V1 Flow Class Description Table 5.1: V1 Flow Class Description FLOW CLASS V1 A submerged buoyant effluent issues vertically or near-vertically from the discharge port. The discharge configuration is hydrodynamically “stable”, that is the discharge strength (measured by its momentum flux) is weak in relation to the layer depth and in relation to the stabilizing effect of the discharge buoyancy (measured by its buoyancy flux). The following flow zones exist: 1) Weakly deflected jet in crossflow: The flow is initially dominated by the effluent momentum (jet-like) and is weakly deflected by the ambient current. 2) Weakly deflected plume in crossflow: After some distance the discharge buoyancy becomes the dominating factor (plume-like). The plume deflection by the am-bient current is still weak. Alternate possibility: Depending on the ratio of the jet to crossflow length scale to the plume to crossflow length scale the above zone may be replaced by a strongly deflected jet in crossflow: 2) Strongly deflected jet in crossflow: The jet has become strongly deflected by the ambient current. © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 52 V1 Flow Class Description Table 5.1 (cont.): V1 Flow Class Description 3) Strongly deflected plume in crossflow: The plume has been strongly deflected by the current and is slowly rising toward the surface 4) Layer boundary approach: The bent-over submerged jet/plume approaches the layer boundary (water surface or pycnocline). Within a short distance the concentration distribution becomes rela-tively uniform across the plume width and thickness. *The zones listed above constitute the NEAR-FIELD REGION in which strong initial mixing takes place. * 5) Buoyant spreading at layer boundary: The plume spreads laterally along the layer boundary (surface or pycnocline) while it is being advected by the ambient current. The plume thickness may de-crease during this phase. The mixing rate is relatively small. The plume may interact with a nearby bank or shoreline. 6) Passive ambient mixing: After some distance the background turbulence in the ambient shear flow becomes the dominating mixing mechanism. The passive plume is growing in depth and in width. The plume may interact with the channel bottom and/or banks. *** Predictions will be terminated in zone 5 or 6 depending on the definitions of the REGULA-TORY MIXING ZONE or the REGION OF INTEREST. *** © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 53 CORMIX Hydrodynamic Prediction Maximum Centerline vs. Flux Average Dilution • To obtain flux average or bulk dilution (Sf) • For single port discharges: Sf/S = 1.7 • For multiport discharges or surface discharges: Sf/S = 1.3 Dilution vs. Concentration • CORMIX gives minimum centerline dilution S – maximum concentration C • Dilution S is ratio of initial concentration C0 to concentration C at given location C0 S= C • Dilution neglects any decay or growth for non-conservative pollutants • Dilution S will NOT include 1st order effects; while Concentration C does! Hydrodynamic Display Plume centerline shift to bank after attachment more gradual than predicted © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 54 FORTRAN Hydrodynamic Simulation CORMIX Hydrodynamic Simulation and Flow Modules • • • • • The FORTRAN tabular simulation output is available as filename.prd x, y, z trajectory of plume centerline Concentration c of pollutant Dilution S = c0/c Plume width (B, BH, or BV) Continuous modules • Most subsurface modules based on CORJET or CorSurf • Some buoyant spreading modules are integral Control volume modules • Used when no mechanistically based mathematical description is available • Based on conservation of mass, momentum Transitions from module to modules • Continuous, satisfying conservation of mass, momentum, energy • Occasional mismatches in plume width will result • Most mismatches are small © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 55 CORMIX1 Hydro1 Prediction File Figure 5-10: CORMIX1 Hydro1 near-field prediction file © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 56 CORMIX1 Boundary Interaction Prediction Figure 5-11: CORMIX1 Hydro1 Boundary Interaction prediction file © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 57 CORMIX2 Hydro2 Far-field Density Current Figure 5-12: CORMIX2 Hydro2 far-field density current prediction file © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 58 CORMIX3 Far-field Passive Diffusion Prediction Figure 5-13: CORMIX3 Hydro3 far-field passive diffusion prediction file © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 59 CORMIX Plume Profile Definitions Figure 5-14: Profile Definitions for potting CORMIX simulations © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 60 Plotting Plume Concentration Isolines To Plot Plume Concentration Isolines • For submerged plumes and passive mixing regions c ( n ) = Cc e n − ( )2 b Where: C(n) = concentration a lateral position n n= distance measured transversely away from centerline Cc = centerline concentration e= base of natural logarithm b =local plume half-width • Used with caution in control volume or buoyant spreading regions – Use uniform or “top hat” distribution • Figure 5-14 has useful relationships for plotting CORMIX simulation results © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 61 Summary Output File Program Element SUM • Contains concise summary of simulations • Interprets prediction results in relationship to regulatory criteria • Alerts user to special plume characteristics • SUMMARY Report output data includes: – – – – – – – – – – Date and Time of analysis Complete echo of data input Calculated flux, length scale and non-dimensional parameter values The CORMIX flow classification assigned The coordinate system used in analysis Summary of near-field hydrodynamic mixing zone (HMZ) conditions Far-field locations where plume becomes fully mixed vertically and horizontally Summary of toxic dilution zone (TDZ) conditions Summary of regulatory mixing zone (RMZ) conditions Describes bottom attachments, bank interaction, upstream intrusions © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 62 Summary Program Element Figure 5-9: Session Report Window © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 63 Post-Processor: CorVue Visualization Tool CorVue tool for mixing zone visualization © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6 - 64 V1 Flow Class CorVue Visualization © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 65 Pre-processor: CorSpy • Visualize 3-D source geometry for single ports, multiport diffuser and surface discharges • Check your geometry • Visualize coordinate system • Visualize lateral and horizontal boundaries • Calculate YB1 and YB2 for multiport diffusers based on diffuser alignment angle γ • Communicate outfall design • Load CorSpy Data into CORMIX Discharge Tab © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6 - 66 Pre-processor: CorSpy Figure 6-18: CorSpy example of perpendicular fanned alternating diffuser where HD > HA © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6 - 67 Pre-processor: CorSpy Data Input Figure 6-17: CorSpy data entry for outfall visualization © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6 - 68 Post-processor: CorSens Sensitivity Analysis • Sensitivity analysis is always recommended – Effects of schematization – Normal variation in ambient / discharge conditions • CorSens tool automatically allows you to create and run simulations and vary input parameters – Effect of duckbill check valves • User can vary one or all multiple parameters – discharge velocity, discharge density, ambient velocity, ambient depth, surface and bottom density • Produces CorSens Report and HMZ and RMZ values • Graphs of dilution/concentration vs. single parameter are available © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6 - 69 Post-processor: CorSens Sensitivity Analysis Figure 6-19: CorSens data entry GUI © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6 - 70 Post-processor: CorSens Sensitivity Analysis Figure 6-20: CorSens data output table © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 6 - 71 CORMIX Help / Documentation CorDocs • Hypertext User Manual • F1 key access • Linked to current data input box – Also contains technical reports for CORMIX1, 2, & 3 – Available in G/GT/GTS/GTR versions Figure 5-15: CorDocs hypertext system documentation © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 72 Section Summary • View, print, save output files • Rule base messaging • Flow classification and Hydrodynamic simulation • Interpretation of system documentation • User Help © 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Input / Output 5 - 73