CORMIX Expert system for outfall design and discharge

Transcription

CORMIX Models for Mixing Processes
Balloon aerial infrared survey of a regulatory mixing zone.
© 1998-2008 Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved
CORMIX Models
Section Outline
• Types of mixing models
• CORMIX description
• Features/components
• System requirements
• Ambient schematization
• Input data requirements
• CORMIX1 single port specification
CORMIX Models
3-2
General Features of CORMIX
• Predicts quantitative &
qualitative features of mixing
process
• Covers NPDES regulatory
concerns for conventional &
toxic discharges
• Provides guidance to improve
designs and associated
dilutions
Figure 3-3: Chronic and acute Regulatory
Mixing Zones for conventional and
toxic discharges, respectively
CORMIX Models
3-3
Near-field vs. Far-Field Mixing
• Near-field mixing
– Close to source
– Region of “buoyant jet mixing”
Near-Field
Far-Field
• Time scales of seconds to
minutes
• Space scales of 1-m to 100-m
– Source properties dominate
mixing
• Far-field mixing
– Ambient conditions dominate
mixing
• Time scales of minutes to hours
• Space scales of 10-m to 1000-m
Side View
• Boundary Interaction
– Provides transitions from
near-field to far-field Mixing
CORMIX Models
2-4
Predictive Models for Mixing Processes
A) Complete Models
• Single domain with one set of governing equations
– Drawbacks
•
•
•
Numerical limitations
Turbulence Models
Boundary Conditions
• Fluent, Flow3D, STAR3D
B) Zone Models
• Divide domain into sub-regions with specific mixing processes
– Allows use of simplified equations
• Jet Integral Models
• Mixing Zone Expert System - CORMIX
CORMIX Models
3-5
Near-field Models
• Jet integral models
– Integrate dynamic terms along trajectory, across cross-sectional plane
•
simple ordinary differential equations
– empirical equations for turbulence closure: rate of entrainment, ambient
drag force, and frontal spreading velocity
– fast & easy
•
BUT: infinite, steady ambient waters (no boundary interactions)
• Mixing zone models (CORMIX)
– Amplifications for boundary interaction, unstable near-field, buoyant
spreading, passive diffusion
– full range of discharge geometries and ambient conditions
– boundary interaction, buoyant spreading and passive diffusion
– few parameters
• easy input, fast calculations, no calibration
– Limits: only simple reversals, 1st order decay, single source
CORMIX Models
3-6
Far-field Models
Eulerian hydrodynamics and transport models
•
•
•
•
•
Solve unsteady, baroclinic, shallow water equations in 3D (hydrostatic)
Orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates
Terrain-following, sigma - coordinate system
k-ε turbulence closure
Water quality module: Mancini model for coliform inactivation
Limits
• Far-Field model ignores dominant NF processes or treats them
superficially
• Spatial and temporal resolution limited by calculation power
• Difficult to match boundary / initial conditions, shear turbulence
CORMIX Models
3-7
Physical Mixing Processes
CORMIX Models
2-8
Mixing Models for Coastal Outfalls
Model
Scale
Typical Grid Resolution
Ocean Circulation
Ocean wide
10 - 100 of km
Coastal Circulation (Far-field)
Coastal Zones, Estuaries
0,1 - 1km
Discharge Mixing Models
(Near-field)
Local (scale of outfall)
no grid;
predictions up to 100m - 5km
CORMIX Models
3-9
Modeling Approaches
CORMIX Models
3 - 10
CORMIX
Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System
CORMIX1: Single Port Discharges
• Doneker & Jirka, 1989
• Bounded Channels: Rivers, estuaries
• Unbounded Channels: Coastal, lakes
• Crossflows (or stagnant)
• Buoyant (positively, negatively, or
neutral)
• Uniform or Stratified Ambient
– Up to 3 stratified density layers
• Submerged, Near & Above surface
• Brine & Sediment discharges
Figure 3-1: CorSpy visualization of
single port discharge
• Covers > 95 % of cases
CORMIX Models
3 - 11
CORMIX
CORMIX2: Multiport Diffusers
• Akar & Jirka, 1990
A)
• Same conditions as CORMIX1
• 3 Major Diffuser Types:
– Alternating, Unidirectional,
Staged
CORMIX3: Surface Discharges
B)
• Jones & Jirka, 1990
• Same conditions as CORMIX1
• Up to 3 ambient density levels
Figure 3-2: CorSpy visualization of
A) multiport diffuser and
B) surface discharge
CORMIX Models
3 - 12
Why An ”Expert” or ”Rule Based” System?
• Data Driven System – specify data, system selects the model
• Proper model choice
• Correct model application
• Guides in data acquisition
• Addresses CREM guidelines - http://epa.gov/osp/crem.htm
• Flexible:
–
–
Screening of alternatives
Switch to other models
• Continuous update of knowledge base
• Documented analysis
–
Not a ”black box”
• Common Framework
–
–
Regulator
Applicant
• Design System
• Advanced CAD 3-D Graphics tools (e.g. Figures 3-1, 3-2, 3-4)
• Teaching environment
–
Adapts to user
CORMIX Models
3 - 13
• Flags undesirable
designs
• Data screening
• Provides descriptions
of mixing processes
• Figure 3-5 shows
conceptual overall
structure
Figure 3-4: CorVue 3D Mixing Zone Visualization
CORMIX Models
3 - 14
Figure 3-5: CORMIX Conceptual Structure
CORMIX Models
3 - 15
CORMIX Systems Requirements
• Windows NT/2000/XP
– Win 95/98 may require a dcom patch
– MixZon does not offer support to Win95/98 installations
• Minimum Pentium II with AGP graphics for GT versions
• Pentium for G versions
• Minimum system configuration
– 16 MB RAM, 40 MB free hard drive space
– Internet access (www.mixzon.com)
• Run Times: seconds to 20 minutes depending on system and
simulation type
• Recommended system: Windows XP with Pentium IV
CORMIX Models
3 - 16
CORMIX Program Elements
GUI DATA ENTRY PROGRAM CONTROL Module
• Interactive windows Graphical User Interface (GUI) collects all data
• Tab forms: Project, Effluent, Ambient, Discharge, Mixing Zones,
Output, Processing
• Extensive advice available on CORMIX definitions, applications, and
interpretation under help menus
• http://www.cormix.info;
• http://www.mixzon.com
CORMIX Models
3 - 17
CORMIX Program Elements
Figure 3-6: CORMIX v5.0 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
CORMIX Models
3 - 18
PARAMETER CALCULATION Module
• Automatically computes all flow parameters
• Length scales, fluxes, other values
• Describes near -field flow properties
A) Discharge Quantities
Jet to Plume Transition Length Scale:
LM= M03/4/J01/2 [ L ]
Figure 3-7: Parameter Calculations for buoyant jet mixing
CORMIX Models
3 - 19
FLOW CLASSIFICATION Module
• Classifies the
discharge/environment
boundary interaction
• Develops a generic
qualitative description of
flow patterns
• Specifies flow protocol for
hydrodynamic simulation
• Heart of CORMIX
”knowledge base”
• Compilation of 200 years of
hydraulic research
Figure 3-8: CORMIX1 Classification system for plumes
trapped by ambient density stratification.
CORMIX Models
3 - 20
CORMIX Flow Class
Table 4-1: Flow Class Categories and Descriptions
CORMIX1 (70 flow classes)
Classes S
Classes V,H
Classes NV,NH
Classes A
Classes I
Flows trapped within linear stratification
Positively buoyant flows in uniform density layer
Negatively buoyant flows in uniform density layer
Flows affected by dynamic bottom attachments
Images of S,V,H e.g.: IS, IV1, IH2, IPV3, IPH4 (Near Surface)
Classes MS
Classes MU
Classes MNU
Classes I
Flows trapped within linear stratification
Positively buoyant flows in uniform density layer
Negatively buoyant flows in uniform density layer
Images of MS,MU,MNU e.g.: IMS, IMU, IMPU (Near Surface)
Classes FJ
Classes SA
Classes WJ
Classes PL
Free jet flows w/o near-field shoreline interaction
Shoreline attached discharges in crossflow
Wall jets/plumes from discharges parallel to shoreline
Upstream intruding
CORMIX Models
4 - 21
HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION Module
• FORTRAN hydrodynamic simulation program for selected flow
classification
• Singe Port Discharge – CORMIX1
• Submerged Multiport Diffusers - CORMIX2
• Shoreline/Surface Discharges - CORMIX3
• Coastal Brine/Sediment Effluents - DHYDRO
• CorJet - Stable Near-field post-processor model for CORMIX1
and CORMIX2
• FFL – Plume far-field locater
• CorSens – Sensitivity Study Post-processor
• CorTime – Time series analysis far-field model linkage
• Contains about 400k lines of code
CORMIX Models
3 - 22
SUMMARY Module
• Summarizes
HYDRO simulation
results
• Specifies
concentrations at
regulatory mixing
zones (TDZ,RMZ)
• Gives expert
advice for design
iteration
Figure 3-9: Summary Report
CORMIX Models
3 - 23
User Help In GUI
• Multiple-levels of help available in GUI
– Place mouse pointer over entry box- yellow tool tip hint popup appears
– Right mouse click in box – help popup box appears
– Press “F1” key in box – User Manual Section (CorDocs) loaded in
browser
A)
B)
Figure 3-10: A) Tool Tips (mouse over); B) Tool Tip Help Popup (right click)
CORMIX Models
3 - 24
User Help In GUI
• "Help Popup Window“ - “Online Help" displays “context
sensitive online help" page with additional information and
illustrations
• Press “F1” key in box - User Manual Section loaded into browser
A)
B)
Figure 3-11: A) Online Tool Tip Help; B) Online User Manual Section (F1 Key)
CORMIX Models
3 - 25
User Help In GUI
• In CORMIX UI, Pre-post processing
(CorSpy, CorVue, etc.) tools..
– “Help -Online User Manual"
menu option
• GUI Help
– “Online Help” button
• CorHelp GUI Help
– “Online User Manual” button
• CorDocs
• Search Tool at http://www.cormix.info
using the "Search" link
• FAQ: http://www.cormix.info/faq.php
Figure 3-12: Search on http://www.cormix.info
• E-mail to: [email protected]
CORMIX Models
3 - 26
Remote Sensing - Outfall Monitoring
• Source
Characterization
• Outfall Inspection
• Dual Frequency
Identification Sonar
(DIDSON)
• Underwater Video
DIDSON acoustic camera image of multiport diffuser in
turbid river.
CORMIX Models
Remote Sensing – Mixing Model Verification
CORMIX Models
3 - 28
Section Summary
• Description of mixing models
• The CORMIX approach
• CORMIX components
• Schematization of ambient data
• General input data requirements
• CORMIX1 single port specification
• Remote sensing systems for source inspection and mixing model
verification
CORMIX Models
3 - 29

CORMIX Expert system for outfall design and discharge

Transcription

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