Perkembangan Teori Kota Kontemporer

Perkembangan Teori Kota
Kontemporer
Ilya F. Maharika
Jurusan Arsitektur
Universitas Islam Indonesia
2012
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Ilya Maharika | Urban and Housing Studies | Architecture
1
"The building of cities is one of man's greatest achievements"
Edmund Bacon
(Design of Cities)
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
new urbanism
1. Walkability
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Most things within a
10-minute walk of
home and work
Pedestrian friendly
street design
(buildings close to
street; porches,
windows & doors;
tree-lined streets; on
street parking;
hidden parking lots;
garages in rear lane;
narrow, slow speed
streets)
Pedestrian streets
free of cars in
special cases
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
h"p://www.newurbanism.org/
new urbanism
2. Connectivity
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Interconnected street grid network disperses traffic &
eases walking
A hierarchy of narrow streets, boulevards, and alleys
High quality pedestrian network and public realm
makes walking pleasurable
h"p://www.newurbanism.org/
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
new urbanism
3. Mixed-Use & Diversity
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A mix of shops, offices, apartments, and homes on site. Mixed-use within
neighborhoods, within blocks, and within buildings
Diversity of people - of ages, income levels, cultures, and races
4. Mixed Housing
•
A range of types, sizes and prices in closer proximity
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
new urbanism
5. Quality Architecture & Urban Design
•
Emphasis on beauty, aesthetics,
human comfort, and creating a sense
of place; Special placement of civic
uses and sites within community.
Human scale architecture & beautiful
surroundings nourish the human spirit
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
new urbanism
6. Traditional Neighborhood Structure
• Discernable center and edge; Public space at center
• Importance of quality public realm; public open space designed as civic art
• Contains a range of uses and densities within 10-minute walk
• Transect planning: Highest densities at town center; progressively less dense towards
the edge. The transect is an analytical system that conceptualizes mutually reinforcing
elements, creating a series of specific natural habitats and/or urban lifestyle settings.
The Transect integrates environmental methodology for habitat assessment with
zoning methodology for community design. The professional boundary between the
natural and man-made disappears, enabling environmentalists to assess the design of
the human habitat and the urbanists to support the viability of nature. This urban-torural transect hierarchy has appropriate building and street types for each area along
the continuum. Tuesday, September 18, 2012
new urbanism
7. Increased Density
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More buildings, residences, shops, and services closer together for ease of walking, to
enable a more efficient use of services and resources, and to create a more
convenient, enjoyable place to live.
New Urbanism design principles are applied at the full range of densities from small
towns, to large cities
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
new urbanism
8. Smart Transportation
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•
A network of high-quality trains connecting cities, towns, and
neighborhoods together
Pedestrian-friendly design that encourages a greater use of
bicycles, rollerblades, scooters, and walking as daily
transportation
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
new urbanism
9. Sustainability
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-Minimal environmental impact of
development and its operations
-Eco-friendly technologies, respect for
ecology and value of natural systems
-Energy efficiency
-Less use of finite fuels
-More local production
-More walking, less driving
10. Quality of Life
•
Taken together these add up to a high
quality of life well worth living, and create
places that enrich, uplift, and inspire the
human spirit.
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
urban agriculture
Community Catalyst
By Garon Sebastien and
Chris Foyd – Vancouver
Community gardens have
proven hugely successful in
fostering neighbourhood
exchanges and building a
sense of community.
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Gardens hierarchy:
1. Neighbourhood in laneway
2. Community on rooftop of
community centre
3. Communal greenhouses
4. Private in residential unit’s enclosed
balconies.
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
What makes up the Urban Agriculture Industry?
Landscape Maintenance Contractors
Lawn Management Services
Ornamental Growers
Turf Growers
Irrigation Contractors
University System
Annual and Perennial Growers
Florist Businesses
Landscape Architects
Retail Garden Centers
Landscape Installation Contractors
Golf Course Superintendents
Christmas Tree Growers
Source: Landscape Urban Agriculture - Hamlin [http://ebookbrowse.com/landscape-urban-agriculture-issueshamlin-ppt-d177473618
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
What makes up the Urban Agriculture Industry?
Landscape Maintenance Contractors
Lawn Management Services
Ornamental Growers
Turf Growers
Irrigation Contractors
University System
Annual and Perennial Growers
Florist Businesses
Landscape Architects
Retail Garden Centers
Landscape Installation Contractors
Golf Course Superintendents
Christmas Tree Growers
Source: Landscape Urban Agriculture - Hamlin [http://ebookbrowse.com/landscape-urban-agriculture-issueshamlin-ppt-d177473618
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Cause And Effect
Increases in the intensity of land use and urbaniza?on typically result in an increase in impervious surfaces which lowers water quality and affects water quan?ty. Source: Landscape Urban Agriculture - Hamlin [http://ebookbrowse.com/landscape-urban-agriculture-issueshamlin-ppt-d177473618
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Water Resource Limita?ons
WATER QUANTITY
and
WATER QUALITY
! Which do you think is the most urgent and / or !
important today?
How will these issues affect your business…
Source: Landscape Urban Agriculture - Hamlin [http://ebookbrowse.com/landscape-urban-agriculture-issueshamlin-ppt-d177473618
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Source: Landscape Urban Agriculture - Hamlin [http://ebookbrowse.com/landscape-urban-agriculture-issueshamlin-ppt-d177473618
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
urban acupuncture
Marco Casagrande
Urban Acupuncture is an urban
environmentalism theory of Finnish
architect, Professor Marco
Casagrande which combines urban
design with traditional Chinese
medical theory of acupuncture.
Casagrande views cities as
complex energy organisms in which
different overlapping layers of
energy flows are determining the
actions of the citizens as well as
the development of the city. By
mixing environmentalism and urban
designCasagrande is developing
methods of punctual manipulation
of the urban energy flows in order
to create an ecologically
sustainable urban development
towards the so-called 3rd
Generation City (post industrial
city). Casagrande has developed
the theory in the Tamkang
University of Taiwan.
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Tuesday, September 18, 2012
total design city: masdar
Foster &
Partners
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Masdar Development is a 6 million square meter project in the United Arab Emirates. Its goal: to achieve a zero carbon and zero waste community.
total design city: masdar
car free
city
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
ideal city: chinese
Gerkan,
Marg &
Partners
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
The plan of this city around a circular lake relates to ideas of the 'ideal city' and the history of this concept, as a subject of architectural debate, is also traced here: the city as metaphysical expression, of materialised spirituality and calculated raHonality
ideal city: chinese
Gerkan,
Marg &
Partners
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
ecopolis: lilipad
Vincent
Cellebout
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
a floaHng ecopolis for climate refugees
Arsitek dari Belgia, Vincent Callebaut, mengajukan terobossan baru dalam menghadapi masalah perubahan iklim dan kepadatan, solusinya dinamai: Daun Bunga Lili. Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Daun Bunga Lili ini digambarkan sebagai: protoHpe kota amfibi yang mampu menghidupi diri sendiri, dengan masing2 daun mampu menampung 50.000 orang. Di tengah Daun ini ada sebuah danau yang menampung dan menjernihkan air hujan.. Kita terapung ini Hdak membutuhkan jalan dan akan mengapung dan 'terhanyut' ke seluruh dunia akibat pergerakan arus laut
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Desain dari Daun ini di memuat 3 marina dan 3 gunung yang dikhusukan bagi bisnis dan hiburan. Kota ini unik, karena kota ini merupakan kota amfibi, setengah kota air, setengah lagi kota darat.
Kota ini mendapat sumber daya dari matahari, angin dan arus laut, yang akan memproduksi lebih banyak energi daripada energi yang dikonsumsinya, dan akan menjadi kota yang ber-­‐'emisi nol' karena semua karbon dan limbah akan di daur ulang. Harapan yang ada adalah pada tahun 2100, akan ada 250 juta orang yang melarikan diri dari perubahan cuaca, yang disebut 'ClimacHc refugee', karena air laut akan menghancurkan kota2 seperH New York, Shanghai dan Bombai. Vincent percaya, bahwa produknya ini adalah solusi jangka panjang untuk menghadapi naiknya air laut, dan bukannya memperkuat garis pantai, karena solusi garis pantai ini hanyalah solusi jangka pendek
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Desain dari Daun ini diinspirasikan oleh daun Amazonia Victoria Regia yang memiliki tulang daun yang sangat rapat. Tujuan Vincent adalah untuk menciptakan 'hubungan harmonis antara manusia dan alam'. Tuesday, September 18, 2012
vertical
kampung: nunc
architekten
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
Vertical Kampung?
Nunc Architect
Pemenang Kompetisi Architectural Biennial Rotterdam 2009 (IABR)
and the Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia (Indonesian
Institute of Architects Jakarta Chapter
Tuesday, September 18, 2012